Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a micro-ball lens, which can solve the problems of short working distance, large beam waist half width of focused light beam and low light intensity of the micro-ball lens in the prior art, and therefore it is urgently needed to design a micro-lens with long working distance, narrow sub-wavelength light beam half width and high light intensity, which can be applied to optical far-field sub-wavelength imaging or lithography, and can also be applied to parallel imaging or parallel lithography.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: a hemispherical microlens and a method for manufacturing the same are provided.
Wherein, hemispherical microlens, includes at least one lens mirror 2, lens mirror 2 is: a surface of the standard microsphere lens 2' passing through the sphere center is selected, and partial spherical surfaces are cut off on two sides of the surface passing through the sphere center in parallel respectively.
Preferably, the lens body 2 is soaked in the second material film layer 4, one section of the lens body 2 is positioned on the surface of the second material film layer 4, and the surface of the second material film layer (4) can also be higher than the section of the lens body (2).
Preferably, the adhesive film further comprises a third substrate 8 and a second adhesive film layer 7, wherein two sides of the second adhesive film layer 7 are respectively connected with the third substrate 8 and the second material film layer 4.
Preferably, the third substrate 8, the second adhesive film layer 7, and the second material film layer 4 are all made of transparent and light-transmitting materials.
Preferably, the lens body 2 comprises a single lens or a plurality of lenses arranged in a single layer side by side.
A method for preparing a hemispherical microlens comprises a lens body cutting step: selecting a surface of the standard microsphere lens 2' passing through the center of a sphere, and respectively cutting off part of spherical surfaces on two sides of the surface passing through the center of the sphere in parallel;
the cutting includes a first cutting and a second cutting, the first cutting including: removing the first material film layer 3 ' and the second material film layer 4 ' covering the top end of the microsphere lens 2 ', and then removing the plane part of the microsphere lens 2 ' higher than the rest of the second material film 4 ' to obtain a first sample;
the second cutting includes: removing the part of the other side of the microsphere lens 2 'higher than the remaining second material film layer 4' and completely soaking the microsphere lens 2 'in the remaining second material film layer 4' to obtain a third sample;
the cutting is carried out in an etching mode.
Preferably, said dissolving the remaining first film layer of material 3 "in the first sample and peeling off the first substrate 1 comprises: and soaking the first sample in a solution which can only dissolve the residual first material film layer 3 ", and stripping the first substrate 1 after the residual first material film layer 3" is completely dissolved.
Preferably, said completely immersing the microsphere lenses 2' in the remaining second material film layer 4 ″ comprises: and continuously vertically growing a second material film 4 with a certain thickness on the other side of the microsphere lens 2' in the second sample after the removal treatment by the physical vapor deposition method.
Preferably, the removal of the first material film layer 3 ' and the second material film layer 4 ' covering the top of the microsphere lens 2 ' is achieved by one or more of ultrasonic removal, adhesive tape or adhesive film adhesion removal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) different from the prior art, the invention cuts off partial spherical surfaces of the standard microsphere lens 2' in parallel through two sides of the surface of the spherical center respectively, and soaks the obtained hemispherical microlens in the second material film layer 4, when the incident light parallel to the optical axis is incident from the partially cut spherical surface of the hemispherical microlens, the light rays passing through the cut spherical surface do not participate in forming light spots, which is beneficial to reducing the half-height width of the light spots; the light rays passing through the uncut spherical surface participate in forming light spots, and the corresponding focal distance (working distance) of the formed light spots is longer as the light rays are farther away from the optical axis; (2) when parallel light with different wavelengths is selected for irradiation, the focal length of the hemispherical microlens prepared by the method is almost unchanged, and the half-height width of a focal spot is also slightly changed, so that the hemispherical microlens has compatibility in a larger range to working wavelengths; (3) the method is easy to prepare the hemispherical microlens array, can be used for far-field parallel imaging and parallel photoetching, and has great market prospect.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more complete, the present invention is further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, a hemispherical microlens includes at least one lens body 2, where the lens body 2 is: a surface of the standard microsphere lens 2' passing through the sphere center is selected, and partial spherical surfaces are cut off on two sides of the surface passing through the sphere center in parallel respectively.
Further, the lens body 2 is soaked in the second material film layer 4, one section of the lens body 2 is positioned on the surface of the second material film layer 4, and the surface of the second material film layer (4) can also be higher than the section of the lens body (2).
The working principle of the hemispherical microlens in the invention is as follows: part of the spherical surface of the semi-spherical micro lens is cut and removed by a plane parallel to the plane of the semi-spherical micro lens and then is soaked in the material film layer, when incident light parallel to the optical axis is incident from the side of the partially cut spherical surface of the semi-spherical micro lens, light rays passing through the cut spherical surface do not participate in forming light spots, and the half-height width of the light spots is favorably improved; rays passing through an uncut sphere will form a focal spot with a longer working distance as they are farther from the optical axis. Therefore, compared with the corresponding standard microsphere lens and the corresponding hemispherical lens, the hemispherical microlens has longer working distance, narrower (sub-wavelength) focal spot center half-height width and higher light intensity when parallel light along the optical axis with a certain range of wavelengths is irradiated.
Further, the adhesive film further comprises a third substrate 8 and a second adhesive film layer 7, wherein two sides of the second adhesive film layer 7 are respectively connected with the third substrate 8 and the second material film layer 4.
Further, the third substrate 8, the second adhesive film layer 7 and the second material film layer 4 are all transparent and have good light transmission in the visible light and near ultraviolet range, the third substrate can be a substrate made of any material, the surface of the third substrate is flat and is subjected to fine polishing, and the material is softened by heating or the melting point of the material is higher than the softening temperature of the microsphere lens material by heating.
The lens body 2 can be made of any transparent dielectric material, such as polystyrene, silicon dioxide, barium titanate, etc., and the diameter of the lens body can be 300 nm-10 mm.
Further, the lens body 2 includes a single lens or a plurality of lenses, which may be a single hemispherical microlens, or a hemispherical microlens array, and may be a plurality of lenses arranged in a single layer in parallel according to the actual use situation.
Example 2
In this embodiment, there is provided a method for preparing a soaked hemispherical microlens, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, as shown in figures 3 and 4, self-assembling and tiling a standard microsphere lens 2 'on a first substrate 1, and sequentially growing a first material film layer 3 and a second material film layer 4 on one side, close to the microsphere lens 2', of the obtained first substrate 1;
s2, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, removing the first material film layer 3 ' and the second material film layer 4 ' covering the top end of the microsphere lens 2 ', and then removing the plane part of the microsphere lens 2 ' higher than the rest of the second material film 4 ' to obtain a first sample;
s3, as shown in figures 7 and 8, adhering the second substrate 6 and the side, which is removed from the microsphere lens 2 ', of the second substrate together through the first adhesive film layer 5, dissolving the residual first material film layer 3' in the first sample, and peeling off the first substrate 1 to obtain a second sample;
s4, as shown in the figures 9 and 10, removing the part, higher than the remaining second material film layer 4 ", of the other side of the microsphere lens 2 'in the second sample, and completely soaking the microsphere lens 2' in the remaining second material film layer 4" to obtain a third sample;
s5. as shown in fig. 11, 12, the third substrate 8 is bonded to the remaining second material film layer 4 "in the third sample by the second adhesive film layer 7, and the second substrate 6 and the first adhesive film layer 5 in the fourth sample are removed.
Further, said dissolving the remaining first film layer of material 3 "in the first sample and peeling off the first substrate 1 comprises: and soaking the first sample in a solution which can only dissolve the residual first material film layer 3 ", and stripping the first substrate 1 after the residual first material film layer 3" is completely dissolved. The second sample is immersed in a solution that can dissolve only the first material film 3, and does not dissolve the second material film 4, the substrate, the microsphere lens, the hemispherical lens, and the adhesive film.
Further, before the step S1, a first substrate 1 is prepared to be clean, dry and finish-polished, and the total thickness of the first material film layer 3 and the second material film layer 4 in the step S1 is smaller than the diameter of the single-layer microsphere lens.
Further, the first material film 3 and the second material film 4 are grown by physical vapor deposition, which may be one or more of electron beam evaporation, pulsed laser deposition, magnetron sputtering, resistive thermal evaporation, and other thin film growth methods.
Further, said completely immersing the microsphere lenses 2' in the remaining second material film layer 4 ″ comprises: and continuously vertically growing a second material film 4 with a certain thickness on the other side of the microsphere lens 2' in the second sample after the removal treatment by the physical vapor deposition method.
Further, the removing of the first material film layer 3 ' and the second material film layer 4 ' covering the top of the microsphere lens 2 ' is realized by one or more of ultrasonic removing, adhesive tape or adhesive film adhering removing.
Further, the removal of the microsphere lenses 2' in S2 and S4 may be performed by dry etching or wet etching.
Further, the substrate may be a substrate of any material, the surface of which is flat and polished, and the material is softened by heating or has a melting point higher than the softening temperature of the microsphere lens material, and the microsphere lens 2 may be made of any transparent dielectric material, such as polystyrene, silicon dioxide, barium titanate, etc., and the diameter range thereof may be 300 nm-10 mm.
Example 3
In an exemplary embodiment, a method of preparing an impregnated hemispherical microlens includes the steps of:
(1) preparing a clean, dry and double-sided precision polished quartz plate, wherein the size is as follows: 15 mm.
(2) And (2) tiling a certain polished surface of the quartz plate prepared in the step (1) by a gas-liquid interface self-assembly method to obtain a single-layer microsphere lens array, wherein the diameter of the microsphere is 4500nm, and the refractive index of the microsphere material is 1.55 at the wavelength of 365 nm.
(3) And (3) sequentially and vertically growing copper and magnesium fluoride on the side, provided with the microsphere lens, of the quartz plate in the step (2) by an electron beam evaporation coating method, wherein the growth rate is about 0.5nm/s, the thickness of the copper film is 2000nm, the thickness of the magnesium fluoride is 2500nm, and the total thickness is 4500 nm.
(4) And (3) removing the magnesium fluoride above the microspheres of the sample wafer obtained in the step (3) by combining ultrasonic cleaning and mechanical stripping (blue film tape stripping).
(5) And (4) horizontally placing the sample wafer obtained in the step (4) into an oven, setting the temperature in the oven to be 120 ℃, continuously heating for 24 hours, and heating and melting the part of the microsphere lens higher than the magnesium fluoride film layer and flatly spreading the part on the surface of magnesium fluoride.
(6) Etching the microsphere through reactive ion beams, wherein the gas introduced into the cavity is O2, the oxygen flow is 10cm3/min, the power is 30W, and when the planar part of the microsphere lens in the step (5) which is higher than the magnesium fluoride is just etched, the etching is stopped. The PS ball etching condition is that the etching time is 6min,
(7) preparing a PDMS film on the polishing surface of another clean dry fine polishing silicon wafer, wherein the PDMS film is adhered to the magnesium fluoride and the hemisphere array film in the step (6).
(8) Soaking the sample in dilute hydrochloric acid to dissolve the copper film and remove the quartz plate, washing the sample with deionized water, and drying.
(9) And (3) etching the microspheres by reactive ion beams, wherein the etching conditions are the same as those in the step (6), and the etching is stopped when the planar part of the microsphere lens in the step (8) higher than the magnesium fluoride is just etched away.
(10) And (3) vertically growing magnesium fluoride on the sample wafer in the step (9) by an electron beam evaporation coating method, wherein the growth rate is about 0.5nm/s, and the thickness is 2000 nm.
(11) Preparing a PDMS film on the polishing surface of another clean dry fine polishing silicon wafer, wherein the PDMS film is adhered to the magnesium fluoride and the hemisphere array film in the step (6).
Under the irradiation of parallel laser with the wavelength of 365nm transmitted along the optical axis direction, the working distance (namely focal length)/half-height width of the formed long focal spot is respectively about 8697nm and 362nm, and the effective length of the long focal spot is about 6070 nm; when the soaked hemispherical microlens liquid is soaked in deionized water without changing the illumination light, the working distance/full width at half maximum of the formed long focal spot is about 11452nm and 362nm respectively. The light intensity at the center of the focal spot was 80 times the incident light intensity for both conditions. When parallel light with the wavelength of 400nm or 325nm is selected (the soaked hemispherical micro-lens is still soaked in deionized water), the working distances of the formed long focal spots are 11439nm and 11837nm respectively, the half-height widths of the focal spots are 383nm and 333nm respectively, the focal distance is hardly changed, and the half-height width of the focal spot is also slightly changed. The soaked hemispherical microlens has the advantages of long working distance and narrow light spot half-height width, and has greater compatibility to the working wavelength, so that the hemispherical microlens has great potential to be applied to the field of far-field submicron parallel imaging and photoetching.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.