CN111805186A - Tensioning and positioning tool assembly for superhard material special-shaped component and milling method - Google Patents
Tensioning and positioning tool assembly for superhard material special-shaped component and milling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111805186A CN111805186A CN202010745789.9A CN202010745789A CN111805186A CN 111805186 A CN111805186 A CN 111805186A CN 202010745789 A CN202010745789 A CN 202010745789A CN 111805186 A CN111805186 A CN 111805186A
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a superhard material special-shaped component tensioning and positioning tool assembly and a milling method, which comprises the following steps: discharging; carrying out rough machining on the special-shaped component; manufacturing a component reference surface and reserving a clamping technological step; manufacturing a process threaded hole on the reserved clamping process step, and connecting, tensioning and positioning the process threaded hole with a tool during positioning and clamping; processing a groove at the bottom of the technological step; quenching treatment; manufacturing a process threaded hole on the surface of the process step; semi-finishing, namely, using a process plane as a reference plane, and performing semi-finishing on a process step surface by using a milling cutter in the semi-finishing milling process; aging treatment; aligning a datum plane, and finely machining the datum hole with the allowance to obtain a final datum hole; using a first tensioning tool component to semi-finish mill each molded surface; finish machining: tensioning and positioning by using a second tensioning and positioning tool component, and performing micro-cutting processing on the bottom teeth by using a finish milling cutter; removing the process steps; the method can realize effective processing of the superhard material special-shaped component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control machining, and particularly relates to a superhard material special-shaped component tensioning and positioning tool assembly and a milling method.
Background
The special-shaped component is widely applied to mechanical transmission mechanisms, and the machining size precision, the surface roughness and the form and position tolerance of the special-shaped component directly influence the performance indexes of the mechanism transmission. Because the components have the characteristics of complex size structure, high size precision and strict form and position tolerance, particularly the components are easy to deform, the form and position tolerance precision of key features relative to a reference is a key technology to be solved, and meanwhile, the materials are superhard materials, the quenching hardness reaches HRC40-45, and the processing method of the components is a technological problem troubling scientific research and production.
For the processing of special-shaped components, the processing is carried out by adopting a universal fixture (flat tongs) to clamp two sides of a component flat part (clamping allowance is reserved at the bottom of the component clamping part) on a five-axis machine tool at present and adopting a cylindrical milling cutter radial cutting mode, and due to the influence of comprehensive factors such as cutting force, clamping force, cutting heat, material stress release and the like, the processing quality is difficult to guarantee, and the background technology mainly has the following defects:
1. in the process of clamping a special-shaped component, a clamped part of a workpiece needs to be positioned under the action of clamping force of flat tongs, all spatial position characteristics are kept in a relatively balanced state relative to a reference element, and cutting processing is completed and the precision requirement is met under the condition that the component generates small deformation after clamping.
2. The quenching hardness of the superhard material of the special-shaped component is as high as HRC40-45, the cutting performance is poor, the size precision of a key machined profile of the component is less than or equal to 0.02mm, the symmetry is less than or equal to 0.05mm, the conditions of cutter sticking, cutter point cutting edge and the like are easily generated in the cutting process, a cutter is easily worn, the size of the profile is easily machined and drifted (the drift amount is more than or equal to 0.02 mm), the symmetry is more than or equal to 0.15mm, so that the geometric precision and the surface roughness of the machined surface of the component are damaged, and the comprehensive factors cause that the size precision and the.
3. In the process of processing the special-shaped component, because the material hardness is high, when the side edge of the cylindrical milling cutter is used for cutting, the radial cutting force enables a workpiece to be bent and deformed and generate vibration during processing, the direction of the radial cutting force and the direction vertical to the main shaft generate micro taper deformation, and the component generates elastic deformation after the force application part is released. Meanwhile, the cutter generates radial tension under the influence of the spiral angle of the cutter, generates small elastic deformation, and drifts the tolerance precision of each form and position. The longer the length-diameter ratio of the suspended length of the milling cutter is, the weaker the rigidity is, and the deviation of the characteristic dimension exceeds the tolerance band required by the process.
4. The method has the advantages that the metal cutting rate of the special-shaped component is high, the balance state of residual stress in the component is damaged due to uneven allowance removal in the machining process, the component deforms, especially, a universal fixture (flat tongs) clamping and positioning mode is adopted in the current stage, when the clamping allowance part is left at the bottom of the clamping part of the component in the last step after the component is machined, a large amount of allowance is removed at one time, the residual stress is released locally, the achieved precision of each size tolerance and each form and position tolerance of the component is lost, and the precision of each form and position tolerance drifts.
Accordingly, the prior art is deficient and needs improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a tensioning and positioning tool assembly for a superhard material special-shaped component and a milling method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a tensioning, positioning and milling method for a superhard material special-shaped component comprises the following steps of:
firstly, discharging;
step two, rough machining: roughly machining the component according to the requirements of a process drawing;
step three, processing a boss: manufacturing a component reference surface and reserving a clamping technological step;
fourthly, manufacturing a process threaded hole on the reserved clamping process step, and connecting, tensioning and positioning the process threaded hole with a tool during positioning and clamping;
fifthly, processing a groove at the bottom of the process step;
sixthly, quenching treatment;
seventhly, manufacturing a process threaded hole on the surface of the process step;
eighthly, performing semi-finish machining, namely performing semi-finish machining by using a milling cutter on the semi-finish-milled technological step surface by taking the technological plane as a reference plane, reserving a first allowance on a single side, and performing semi-finish machining on the semi-finish-milled technological step surface to form a reference hole;
ninth, aging treatment is carried out, and natural aging is not less than 12 hours;
step ten, aligning a datum plane, and finely machining a datum hole on the basis of the semi-finish machining datum hole;
step ten, using a first tensioning tool component, aligning, semi-finish milling each molded surface, and leaving a second allowance on one side of each part;
a twelfth step, finishing:
12.1, tensioning and positioning a tool component II, reserving a closed groove and an open groove in the middle of the tool clamping component II for tensioning and positioning, performing micro-cutting processing on bottom teeth by adopting a finish milling cutter, and reserving third allowance in each part;
12.2 finish milling a reference plane where a process threaded hole is located, taking the plane as a part finish machining reference, selecting coordinates and a center position, performing semi-finish milling on each molded surface repeatedly, and reserving fourth allowance for each part for finish machining; in the process of circularly and repeatedly semi-finish-milling each molded surface, the fourth allowance is gradually reduced to 0 to obtain a finished product;
and step thirteen, removing the process steps.
Further, the first margin is greater than the second margin, the second margin is greater than the third margin, and the third margin is greater than the fourth margin.
Furthermore, in the fifth step, the bottom of the groove is processed into a fillet.
Further, in the tenth step, the step 12.2 specifically includes the following steps:
1) finish milling a reference plane where the process threaded hole is located, taking the plane as a part finish machining reference, ensuring that the process threaded hole is perpendicular to the reference plane, and ensuring that the flatness of the reference plane is less than or equal to 0.01 mm;
2) adjusting the X-axis direction of a measuring head leveling reference plane, and grabbing a current value by a coordinate system C axis;
3) measuring 3 positions at two ends and the center of the reference plane, taking the average value of the 3 positions, and capturing the current value in the Z-axis direction as the average value;
4) the center position of the hole is aligned, and the current position value is captured;
5) resetting the measuring head, moving the measuring head to a Z-axis mechanical coordinate of the machine tool, and turning over the workbench;
6) rotating the combined angle of the workbench, and revising a tool compensation value according to the detection value;
7) semi-finish milling each molded surface according to the procedures in the steps 1) -6), reserving a fourth allowance for finish machining on each part, and adopting a finish milling cutter of an end mill to perform micro-cutting on the bottom teeth to machine each molded surface;
8) semi-finish milling each molded surface according to the procedures in the steps 1) -6), reserving fourth allowance for finish machining for each part, and adopting an end mill finish milling cutter to perform micro-cutting on the bottom teeth, wherein the bottom teeth are cut to process each molded surface;
9) semi-finish milling each molded surface according to the procedures in the steps 1) -6), reserving third fourth allowance for finish machining on each part, and adopting an end mill finish milling cutter to perform micro-cutting on the bottom teeth, and cutting each molded surface by the bottom teeth.
The first-time fourth allowance is larger than the second-time fourth allowance, and the third-time fourth allowance is 0.
A tensioning and positioning tool assembly for a special-shaped component comprises a first tensioning tool component, a second tensioning and positioning tool component and a third tool component which are respectively assembled and connected with the special-shaped component, wherein the special-shaped component is provided with a reserved clamping technological step, and a technological threaded hole and a groove are formed in the reserved clamping technological step;
the first tensioning tool component comprises a component body, wherein a closed groove and an open groove are formed in the component body, a connecting strip is arranged at the top of the component body, and connecting holes are formed between the closed groove and the top of the component body and between the open groove and the top of the component body; the component body is axially provided with a through hole;
the second tensioning and positioning tool component comprises a component body, wherein a spatial groove is formed in the middle of the component body, the top of the component body is a positioning reference surface, a first process hole is formed in the positioning reference surface, a process reference surface is formed at the bottom of the component body, a clamping part is arranged on the process reference surface, and the clamping part comprises a second process hole corresponding to a hole pitch and a hole diameter;
the third tool comprises a tool body, a clamping groove is formed in the tool body, an OKVS clamping block is arranged on one side of the clamping groove, and a clamping convex portion is arranged on the other side of the clamping groove.
Further, the through hole is of an inner hexagonal structure, a connecting wrench can be detachably inserted into the through hole, and the through hole is located between the closed groove and the open groove and the bottom of the component body.
Further, the first fabrication hole and the second fabrication hole are both internally threaded holes.
Further, the periphery of the component body is provided with a tool inclined plane.
Furthermore, a limiting concave part is arranged on the inner side of the clamping convex part.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method realizes the purpose of effectively processing the superhard material special-shaped component by adopting a special axial tension force positioning tool, selecting a small-diameter and short-edge milling cutter bottom tooth axial trace gradual milling release anti-deformation technology and adopting a composite processing measure for controlling stress deformation.
1) The special-shaped component finish machining clamping adopts a one-side two-pin tensioning and positioning tool, changes the clamping elastic deformation of a traditional clamp on the special-shaped component, realizes one-time clamping and multi-space part processing of the special-shaped component, and ensures the requirements of the size precision and the form and position tolerance of the special-shaped component.
2) The tool is simple and flexible to operate in the manufacturing process, provides a design idea for clamping similar irregular special-shaped components, and is particularly suitable for the production requirements of multiple varieties and small batches.
3) The minor diameter, short edge milling cutter bottom tooth trace cutting can effectively eliminate the influence of the radial cutting force of the cutter on the cutting deformation of the workpiece.
4) In the process of machining allowance progressive cutting, the residual stress of the component is gradually and uniformly released, so that the deformation of the special-shaped component is controllable.
5) The part of the component reference surface reserved with clamping allowance is grooved, so that the process boss can meet the clamping and positioning requirements and can control deformation generated when a large amount of allowance is removed.
6) The deformation of the parts after the heat treatment of the superhard material is eliminated, the problem that the dimensional tolerance and the geometric tolerance of the special-shaped component are difficult to guarantee is solved, the special-shaped component can be used for processing similar parts, and the processing quality of the parts can be effectively guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a reserved clamping process step and a special-shaped component.
FIG. 2 is a structural schematic view of a tension tooling member I according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a first tensioning tool component and a special-shaped component in the invention.
FIG. 4 is a structural schematic view of a second tensioning and positioning tooling component in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a second tensioning and positioning tool component and a special-shaped component in the invention.
Fig. 6 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top view of a connection structure of a tool three and a special-shaped member in the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a connection structure of a tool three and a special-shaped member in the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a relationship between a tool transverse reference plane and a workpiece transverse reference plane of the tool three in the present invention.
The special-shaped component is 1-a special-shaped component, 2-a reserved clamping process step, 3-a process threaded hole, 4-a groove, 5-a closed groove, 6-an open groove, 7-a clamping strip, 8-a positioning reference surface, 9-a first process hole, 10-a process reference surface, 11-a spatial groove, 12-a second process hole, 13-a tool inclined surface, 14-a tool body, 15-a clamping groove, 16-OKVS clamping blocks, 17-a clamping convex part, 18-a limiting concave part, 19-a tool transverse reference surface, 20-a workpiece transverse reference surface, 21-a connecting hole and 22-a through hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A tensioning, positioning and milling method for a superhard material special-shaped component comprises the following steps of:
firstly, discharging;
the member blank is a phi 120 × 170mm round bar, and the blank is processed into two parts from the middle in a left-right symmetrical mode by adopting a linear cutting process, so that the material can be utilized to the maximum extent.
Step two, rough machining: roughly machining the component according to the requirements of a process drawing;
and programming a processing program in a software programming mode, roughly processing the special-shaped component 1 according to the requirements of a process drawing, manufacturing the appearance according to the drawing, reserving 3mm allowance on a single side, and reserving clamping process step allowance on the special-shaped component during rough processing.
Step three, processing a boss: manufacturing a component reference surface and reserving a clamping technological step;
as shown in figure 1, a reserved clamping technological step is reserved on the reference surface of the manufactured component, and the thickness of the part 11mm of the rib plate is increased to be 20mm and is used as a reserved clamping technological step 2 (the shadow part is the technological step).
Fourthly, manufacturing a 2-M6 process threaded hole 3 (shown in figure 1) on the reserved clamping process step 2 for connecting, tensioning and positioning with a tool during positioning and clamping; this step is performed by tapping with a nose cone.
Fifthly, processing a groove at the bottom of the process step;
in order to avoid the problem of poor precision caused by imbalance of stress release caused by removing a large amount of allowance at a time when the allowance part at the bottom is removed in the last step after the special-shaped component is machined, the component is provided with a groove 4 at the bottom of a reserved clamping process step 2 before the quenching treatment process, wherein the groove width is 20mm, the groove depth is 3mm, and a groove bottom fillet R0.2mm, so that residual internal stress of the clamping allowance part at the bottom is fully released, only a part (indicated by an arrow in figure 1) meeting the requirement of tensioning and positioning is reserved, and the problem of poor precision caused by removing a large amount of allowance at a time when the allowance part at the bottom is removed after the workpiece is. Meanwhile, the groove bottom of the groove is processed with a fillet, so that the component fracture caused by stress concentration at the sharp corner part of the groove bottom is avoided.
Sixthly, quenching treatment;
1) and (6) normalizing.
2) Quenching and tempering a sample and a workpiece in the same furnace to ensure that the HRC40-45 and the mechanical properties are as follows: sigma b is more than or equal to 1350N/mm2The sigma s is more than or equal to 1200N/mm2, 5 is more than or equal to 11 percent, psi is more than or equal to 50 percent, Aku is more than or equal to 40J (room temperature), and Aku is more than or equal to 35J (-40 ℃) (Z101).
Seventhly, manufacturing a 2-M6 process threaded hole on the surface of the process step;
1) and (5) rechecking the size of the quenched component and drawing a symmetrical center line.
Cleaning the plane of the process step and the excess in the 2-M6 hole, aligning the axis of the threaded hole, manufacturing a 2-M6 process threaded hole on the surface of the process step, and adopting an M6 two-cone fine tapping drill with the depth of 5 mm.
Eighthly, performing semi-finishing, namely performing semi-finishing by using a milling cutter on the semi-finish milling process step surface by taking the process plane as a reference plane, and reserving a first allowance of 2mm on a single side;
1) and (3) semi-finish milling a process step surface, using a carbide milling cutter with the diameter of 20mm, processing the workpiece to a position 2mm away from the intersection tangent of R10 and the plane (R10 is not allowed to be over-cut), rotating at the speed of 1500 +/-20R/min, feeding at the speed of 600 +/-10 mm/min, cutting at the depth of 0.5mm, processing until the surface is exposed to light, and ensuring that the processing planeness is not more than 0.01mm and the perpendicularity of an M6 threaded hole and the process step surface is not more than 0.01 mm.
2) Using a process plane as a reference plane, semi-finish milling two adjacent side surfaces of the reference plane to ensure that the symmetry degree of each part is not more than 0.1mm, leaving 2mm of allowance on a single side,
3) in reserving
And at the mm position, the semi-finishing reference hole is a phi 8mm hole. The reference hole has a margin.
Ninth, aging treatment is carried out, and natural aging is not less than 12 hours;
tenth step, aligning the hole with the reference plane phi of 8mm, and finish-machining the hole on the basis of the semi-finish-machined reference hole
mm reference hole.
Step eleven, using a first tensioning tool component, aligning, and semi-finish milling each molded surface, wherein a second allowance of 0.3mm is reserved on one side of each part;
1) using a first tool clamping component and an alignment tool,
2) and (3) taking a machine tool measuring head in a five-axis machine tool magazine, aligning a workpiece machining coordinate system, and setting the workpiece coordinate system at the center of a phi 10 hole.
3) Semi-finish-milling each molded surface, reserving allowance of 0.3mm, processing the bottom of the cavity groove and the root of the cross part by adopting a small-diameter milling cutter, and reserving allowance of 0.3mm for each part.
4) And simultaneously assembling and disassembling the workpiece and the tool, overturning the workpiece, and clamping in a Y-axis mirror direction of the machine tool.
5) Semi-finish milling each molded surface according to the procedures in the step 2) to the step 4) of the tenth step, and keeping the allowance of 0.3 mm.
A twelfth step, finishing:
12.1, tensioning and positioning a tool component II, reserving a closed groove and an open groove in the middle of the tool clamping component II for tensioning and positioning, performing micro-cutting processing on bottom teeth by adopting a finish milling cutter, and reserving third allowance in each part;
1) no. two tensioning positioning tool components are used (as shown in figures 4, 5 and 6)
When a special-shaped component is machined on a five-axis machining center, in order to effectively guarantee the characteristic dimension tolerance and the geometric tolerance of a spatial position, a unified datum principle is required to be followed, one-time clamping is realized, and a special tool II is specially adopted. The tool needs to meet the requirements of reliable positioning and clamping during design, mutual noninterference of process systems such as a machine tool, a cutter and the tool is also met, meanwhile, the stroke limit of a five-axis milling head swing head is also considered, and a closed groove and an open groove reserved in the middle of the tool as the same as the tool are used for applying force to a locking screw internal hexagonal wrench during tensioning and positioning.
2) And (3) reserving a third allowance for each part for fine machining, performing micro-cutting machining on the bottom teeth by adopting a finish milling cutter of a phi 12 hard alloy end mill, and performing cutting machining on each molded surface by using the bottom teeth at the rotating speed of 4500r/min, the feeding amount of 550mm/min and the cutting depth of 0.05 mm.
12.2 finish milling a reference plane where a process threaded hole is located, taking the plane as a part finish machining reference, selecting coordinates and a center position, performing semi-finish milling on each molded surface repeatedly, and reserving fourth allowance for each part for finish machining; in the process of circularly and repeatedly semi-finish-milling each molded surface, the fourth allowance is gradually reduced to 0 to obtain a finished product;
in the twelfth step, step 12.2 specifically includes the following steps:
1) finish milling a reference plane where the process threaded hole is located, taking the plane as a part finish machining reference, ensuring that the process threaded hole is perpendicular to the reference plane, and ensuring that the flatness of the reference plane is less than or equal to 0.01 mm;
2) a measuring head is called from a tool magazine of the five-axis machine tool to level the X-axis direction of a reference plane, and a C-axis coordinate system captures a current value;
3) turning over an A-axis-90-degree active measuring head 3DROT mode, measuring two ends and the center of a reference plane at 3 positions, taking an average value of the 3 positions, and capturing a current value in the Z-axis direction as the average value;
4) the measuring head moves to a reference hole of a drill hole phi 10 in an A-axis-90-degree state, the center position of the hole is aligned in a 4-point hole measuring mode, and a current value is captured;
5) and resetting the measuring head, moving the measuring head to a Z-axis mechanical coordinate position of the machine tool, canceling the 3DROT mode of the measuring head, and overturning the A-axis C-axis of the workbench to 0 degree.
6) Rotating the combined angle of the workbench, simultaneously adopting a face milling area cutting mode for five faces, selecting a cutter shaft to be vertical to each profile, measuring the dimensional tolerance and the form and position tolerance value of each profile on machine, and revising the cutter compensation value according to the detection value;
7) semi-finish milling each molded surface according to the procedures in the steps 1) -6), reserving a fourth allowance of 0.1mm for finish machining on each part, and adopting a phi 10 hard alloy end mill finish milling cutter to finish the bottom teeth for micro-cutting machining, wherein each molded surface is machined by the bottom teeth at the rotating speed of 4600r/min, the feeding amount of 560mm/min and the cutting depth of 0.05 mm;
8) semi-finish milling each molded surface according to the procedures in the steps 1) -6), reserving a fourth allowance of 0.05mm for finish machining on each part, and adopting a phi 10 hard alloy end mill finish milling cutter to finish the bottom teeth for micro-cutting machining, wherein each molded surface is machined by the bottom teeth at the rotating speed of 4800r/min, the feeding amount of 580mm/min and the cutting depth of 0.05 mm;
9) semi-finish milling each molded surface according to the procedures in the steps 1) -6), reserving third fourth allowance for finish machining for each part, adopting a phi 8 hard alloy end mill finish milling cutter to perform micro-cutting machining on the bottom teeth, and cutting each molded surface by the bottom teeth at the rotating speed of 5000r/min, the feeding amount of 600mm/min and the cutting depth of 0.05 mm.
And step thirteen, removing the process step, clamping the finished product on a third tool, and removing the process step part.
The utility model provides a taut location frock subassembly of dysmorphism component, includes the taut frock component of a number, taut location frock component of No. two and No. three frock component with dysmorphism component equipment connection respectively, dysmorphism component 1 is provided with reserves clamping technology step 2, it is provided with technology screw hole 3 on the clamping technology step 2 to reserve, as straining hole and recess 4.
The first tensioning tool component comprises a component body, wherein a closed groove 5 and an open groove 6 are formed in the component body, a connecting strip 7 is arranged at the top of the component body, and a connecting hole 21 is formed between the closed groove 5 and the top of the component body and between the open groove 6 and the top of the component body; the component body is axially provided with a through hole 22, the through hole 22 is of an inner hexagonal structure, a connecting wrench can be detachably inserted into the through hole 22, and the through hole 22 is positioned between the closed groove 5 and the open groove 6 and the bottom of the component body; the special-shaped component 1 is connected with a connecting hole 21 of a first tensioning tool component through a process threaded hole 3;
fig. 2 shows a first tensioning tool component, wherein in fig. 2, (a) shows a front view of the first tensioning tool component, (b) shows a right view of the first tensioning tool component, (c) shows a bottom view of the first tensioning tool component, and (d) shows a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the first tensioning tool component.
When the tool is used, the tool is clamped on a flat-nose pliers, a first tensioning tool component is positioned through a tool top view positioning reference surface and is connected and locked with a first tensioning tool component through 2 holes in the reference surface by using an M6 bolt, and a closed groove and an open groove reserved in the middle of the first tensioning tool component are used for applying force to a hexagonal wrench in a locking screw during tensioning and positioning. As shown in fig. 3.
Although the high positioning precision can not be met after the tool component is tensioned, the goods can be conveniently turned over on the flat tongs, the processing efficiency of processing various profiles is high, and the tool component is suitable for semi-finishing.
The second tensioning and positioning tool component comprises a component body, a space groove 11 is formed in the middle of the component body, a positioning reference surface 8 is arranged at the top of the component body, a first fabrication hole 9 is formed in the positioning reference surface, a process reference surface 10 is arranged at the bottom of the component body, a clamping part is arranged on the process reference surface 10 and comprises a second fabrication hole 12 corresponding to a hole pitch and a hole diameter, and the first fabrication hole 9 and the second fabrication hole 12 are both internal thread holes. The periphery of the component body is provided with a tool inclined plane 13.
Fig. 4 shows a second tensioning and positioning tool component, wherein in fig. 4, (a) shows a front view of the second tensioning and positioning tool component, (b) shows a right view of the second tensioning and positioning tool component, (c) shows a bottom view of the second tensioning and positioning tool component, and (d) shows a schematic three-dimensional structure of the second tensioning and positioning tool component.
The component has more processing parts, high requirements on the precision of dimensional precision and form and position tolerance, and strong correlation degree between the dimensions of each space structure, so that a five-axis processing machine tool is adopted, the mode of centralized working procedures, one-step clamping and multi-part processing is realized, and the requirement on the size is more easily ensured. Interference and collision factors of a cutter, a workpiece and a tool in the process of stroke size and swing angle of a five-axis machine tool are comprehensively considered in the design and manufacturing process of the second tensioning and positioning tool component (as shown in figure 4).
a) A positioning reference surface and a first fabrication hole are manufactured at the top of a second tensioning and positioning tool component by adopting a one-surface two-pin positioning principle, a second fabrication hole with internal threads corresponding to a hole pitch and a hole diameter is manufactured at a clamping part at the bottom of the component, and the components are connected and fastened by screws, so that the tensioning and positioning functions of workpieces and tools are realized. As shown in fig. 5-6.
b) A space groove is designed at the lower part of the second process hole of the tooling process reference plane 10, so that a force application space for screwing the screw is realized, and no obstacle is generated during operation.
c) The tool inclined plane is designed and manufactured, and interference collision of process systems such as a cutter, a workpiece and a tool is avoided when the swing head combination angle of the five-axis machine tool is realized.
After finishing the special-shaped component, in the process of removing the step part of the reserved clamping process, the third tool is used for clamping, the clamping force needs to be proper, small cutting force is selected, cutting heat is controlled, and deformation is avoided.
As shown in fig. 7, the third tooling comprises a tooling body 14, a clamping groove 15 is formed in the tooling body 14, an OKVS clamping block 16 is arranged on one side of the clamping groove 15, a clamping convex portion 17 is arranged on the other side of the clamping groove, a limiting concave portion 18 can be arranged on the inner side of the clamping convex portion 17, one side of the limiting concave portion 18 is used as a tooling transverse reference surface 19, and when the third tooling is used, the tooling transverse reference surface abuts against a workpiece transverse reference surface 20 of the special-shaped workpiece 1, as shown in fig. 8 and 9.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) a tension positioning technology designed based on the component characteristics.
Through designing the tensioning force positioning tool, the single-side positioning and double-side clamping are changed into one-side tensioning and positioning, the influence of elastic deformation of the special-shaped component caused by clamping force positioning on the symmetry tolerance is solved, the stress deformation of the component is reduced, one-time clamping and multi-space part processing of the special-shaped component are realized, the interference problem caused by a process system is avoided, and the requirement of the symmetry tolerance of the special-shaped component is ensured under the comprehensive action of the measures.
2) An axial trace progressive milling technology for the plane characteristic bottom teeth.
The machining plane is characterized by selecting a milling cutter with a small diameter and a short edge, the influence of the spiral cutting force of the milling cutter with the side edge on the radial tension of a workpiece is eliminated, and the micro gradual milling can enable parts to gradually release internal stress, so that the deformation of a special-shaped component is controllable.
3) Stress release anti-deformation technology.
A clamping process boss is reserved on the reference surface of the special-shaped piece, and a groove is formed in the process boss, so that the internal stress of the special-shaped piece is fully released, and the special-shaped piece is clamped and processed in a natural state.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tensioning, positioning and milling method for a superhard material special-shaped component is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, discharging;
step two, rough machining: roughly machining the component according to the requirements of a process drawing;
step three, processing a boss: manufacturing a component reference surface and reserving a clamping technological step;
fourthly, manufacturing a process threaded hole on the reserved clamping process step, and connecting, tensioning and positioning the process threaded hole with a tool during positioning and clamping;
fifthly, processing a groove at the bottom of the process step;
sixthly, quenching treatment;
seventhly, manufacturing a process threaded hole on the surface of the process step;
eighthly, performing semi-finishing, namely performing semi-finishing by using a milling cutter on the semi-finish milling process step surface by taking the process plane as a reference plane, and reserving a first allowance on a single side; semi-finish machining a datum hole on the surface of the semi-finish-milling process step;
ninth, aging treatment is carried out, and natural aging is not less than 12 hours;
step ten, aligning a datum plane, and finely machining a datum hole on the basis of the semi-finish machining datum hole;
step ten, using a first tensioning tool component, aligning, semi-finish milling each molded surface, and leaving a second allowance on one side of each part;
a twelfth step, finishing:
12.1, tensioning and positioning a tool component II, reserving a closed groove and an open groove in the middle of the tool clamping component II for tensioning and positioning, performing micro-cutting processing on bottom teeth by adopting a finish milling cutter, and reserving third allowance in each part;
12.2 finish milling a reference plane where a process threaded hole is located, taking the plane as a part finish machining reference, selecting coordinates and a center position, performing semi-finish milling on each molded surface repeatedly, and reserving fourth allowance for each part for finish machining; in the process of circularly and repeatedly semi-finish-milling each molded surface, the fourth allowance is gradually reduced to 0 to obtain a finished product;
and step thirteen, removing the process steps.
2. The method for tension positioning milling of the superhard material special-shaped member as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first allowance is larger than the second allowance, the second allowance is larger than the third allowance, and the third allowance is larger than the fourth allowance.
3. The method for tensioning, positioning and milling the superhard material special-shaped component according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the bottom of the groove is processed into a fillet.
4. The method for tensioning, positioning and milling the superhard material special-shaped member according to the claim 1, wherein in the twelfth step, the step 12.2 specifically comprises the following steps:
1) finish milling a reference plane where the process threaded hole is located, taking the plane as a part finish machining reference, ensuring that the process threaded hole is perpendicular to the reference plane, and ensuring that the flatness of the reference plane is less than or equal to 0.01 mm;
2) adjusting the X-axis direction of a measuring head leveling reference plane, and grabbing a current value by a coordinate system C axis;
3) measuring 3 positions at two ends and the center of the reference plane, taking the average value of the 3 positions, and capturing the current value in the Z-axis direction as the average value;
4) the center position of the hole is aligned, and the current position value is captured;
5) resetting the measuring head, moving the measuring head to a Z-axis mechanical coordinate of the machine tool, and turning over the workbench;
6) rotating the combined angle of the workbench, and revising a tool compensation value according to the detection value;
7) semi-finish milling each molded surface according to the procedures in the steps 1) to 6), reserving a fourth allowance for finish machining on each part, and performing micro-cutting machining on the bottom teeth by adopting a finish milling cutter of an end mill to cut each molded surface;
8) semi-finish milling each molded surface according to the procedures in the steps 1) to 6), reserving a fourth allowance for finish machining for each part, and performing micro-cutting machining on bottom teeth by adopting a finish milling cutter of an end mill to cut each molded surface;
9) semi-finish milling each molded surface according to the procedures in the steps 1) to 6), reserving fourth allowance for finish machining for each part for three times, and adopting an end mill finish milling cutter to perform micro-cutting on the bottom teeth, and cutting each molded surface on the bottom teeth.
5. The method for tensioning, positioning and milling the superhard material special-shaped member according to claim 4, wherein the first fourth allowance is larger than the second fourth allowance, and the third fourth allowance is 0.
6. A tensioning and positioning tool assembly for a special-shaped component is characterized by comprising a first tensioning tool component, a second tensioning and positioning tool component and a third tool component which are respectively assembled and connected with the special-shaped component, wherein the special-shaped component is provided with a reserved clamping technological step, and a technological threaded hole and a groove are formed in the reserved clamping technological step;
the first tensioning tool component comprises a component body, wherein a closed groove and an open groove are formed in the component body, a connecting strip is arranged at the top of the component body, and connecting holes are formed between the closed groove and the top of the component body and between the open groove and the top of the component body; the component body is axially provided with a through hole;
the second tensioning and positioning tool component comprises a component body, wherein a spatial groove is formed in the middle of the component body, the top of the component body is a positioning reference surface, a first process hole is formed in the positioning reference surface, a process reference surface is formed at the bottom of the component body, a clamping part is arranged on the process reference surface, and the clamping part comprises a second process hole corresponding to a hole pitch and a hole diameter;
the third tool comprises a tool body, a clamping groove is formed in the tool body, an OKVS clamping block is arranged on one side of the clamping groove, and a clamping convex portion is arranged on the other side of the clamping groove.
7. The special-shaped member tensioning and positioning tool assembly according to claim 6, wherein the through hole is of a hexagonal structure, a connecting wrench can be detachably inserted into the through hole, and the through hole is located between the closed groove and the open groove and the bottom of the member body.
8. The profiled member tensioning and positioning tool assembly according to claim 6, wherein the first fabrication hole and the second fabrication hole are both internally threaded holes.
9. The special-shaped member tensioning and positioning tool assembly according to claim 6, wherein tool inclined planes are arranged on the periphery of the member body.
10. The special-shaped member tensioning and positioning tool assembly according to claim 6, wherein a limiting concave part is arranged on the inner side of the clamping convex part.
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