CN112054311A - Planar and low-profile quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna - Google Patents
Planar and low-profile quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
- H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planar and low-profile miniaturized 5G antenna with a quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable function, and relates to the technical field of miniaturized 5G antennas and sub 6GHz application. The novel reconfigurable quasi-yagi structure is adopted, specifically, a dipole antenna is used as an excitation source antenna, and the reflection effect on an excitation source is realized through a capacitive loading reflector to form directional radiation; meanwhile, capacitive loading is formed, and miniaturization design is realized; the forward directional, omnidirectional and backward directional asymmetric radiation patterns can be switched by controlling the states of the diodes. And an artificial phase shift surface is arranged on the basis to carry out three-beam directional scanning, so that the low-profile directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is realized, the performance requirements of different application scenes can be met, and the reconfigurable antenna has the advantages of small antenna size, wide antenna working bandwidth, high antenna radiation efficiency, wide antenna beam coverage, suitability for indoor wide-angle-area communication, easiness in production and application, high flexibility, high response stability and the like of an electric control scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of miniaturized 5G antennas and sub 6GHz application, in particular to a planar and low-profile quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna.
Background
The current 5G and Internet of things communication comprehensive deployment is promoted, and in the face of new communication frequency bands, communication standards and complex application scenes, a communication system needs a high-performance multifunctional antenna urgently. The directional diagram reconfigurable antenna can enable the antenna directional diagram to be switched or scanned in an airspace coverage manner through electric control or mechanical control and the like on the size of a single antenna, can realize dynamic switching of a communication coverage area, and can improve multipath effect and enhance communication performance. The traditional reconfigurable antenna of the electric control directional diagram mainly comprises a phased array, a multi-port multi-beam antenna and a reconfigurable antenna adopting electronic elements (a switch diode, a varactor, an MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) switch device and the like). The phased array antenna adopts a complex T/R assembly feed network, and has the problems of large volume, complex system, high cost and the like. The multi-beam multi-port antenna needs to be provided with a plurality of antenna ports and a switch control circuit matched with the front end, and has the problems of large size, narrow working bandwidth and the like. The reconfigurable antenna adopting the electronic element has the defects of large size, low radiation efficiency, narrow overlapping bandwidth of the working frequency band of the antenna and difficult asymmetric switching of a directional diagram. Particularly, the traditional pattern reconfigurable antenna based on the yagi structure realizes beam reconfiguration by controlling the operation of a reflector/director at a quarter wavelength from an excitation source antenna, and also has the defects of large size and single pattern mode. In the application of the 5G new frequency band, a multifunctional antenna with large working bandwidth, small size, low cost, simple structure, asymmetric multi-beam switching and high radiation performance is needed.
The summary shows that the existing directional diagram reconfigurable antennas for 5G new frequency bands are few, and the existing research and directional diagram reconfigurable antennas for other sub 6GHz frequency bands have the problems and disadvantages of large size, narrow bandwidth, high cost, limited directional diagram reconfigurable modes and low radiation efficiency, and are difficult to meet the requirements of communication antennas for 5G new frequency bands, particularly the requirements of antennas facing 5G indoor micro base stations and routing ends.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planar and low-profile miniaturized 5G antenna with a quasi-yagi directional diagram, which aims to solve the problems that a directional diagram reconfigurable antenna adopted in the current 5G new frequency band small base station and sub 6GHz application and a traditional multi-beam antenna are large in physical size, narrow in working bandwidth, complex in structure, single in switchable beam and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
in a first aspect, the planar quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna comprises a PCB substrate and a miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure arranged on the PCB substrate, wherein the miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure comprises a dipole antenna arranged in the center of the PCB substrate and capacitive loading reflectors symmetrically arranged with the dipole antenna, two ends of each capacitive loading reflector are both of a bent structure, and a switch is loaded in the middle of each capacitive loading reflector.
The beneficial effect of this scheme is: the invention takes a dipole antenna as an excitation source antenna, realizes the reflection effect on the excitation source through a capacitive loading reflector with two bent ends, and forms directional radiation; meanwhile, the reflector and the excitation source are bent to form capacitive loading, so that the miniaturization design is realized, and the distance between the reflector and the excitation source is shortened to one eighth wavelength; by integrating two novel quasi-yagi structures together, the switching of forward directional, omnidirectional and backward directional radiation patterns can be realized by controlling the states of the two diodes.
Furthermore, the bent parts at the two ends of the capacity type loading reflector are respectively connected with a control circuit.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the switch of the PIN switch tube is controlled through the control circuit, so that the reflecting state is controlled, and when the bias diode is conducted, the reflector mode is adopted; when the biased diode is off, it is in dipole mode.
Further, two near sides of the dipole antenna are respectively provided with a parasitic patch.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: according to the invention, the parasitic patch is placed on the dipole excitation source, and a new dipole similar mode is introduced, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna is expanded, and the sub 6GHz wide bandwidth communication requirement is met.
Furthermore, a feed interface is connected to the middle position of the dipole antenna.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the invention feeds signals into the excitation source of the quasi-yagi structure through the feed structure to form resonance, thereby generating radiation.
In a second aspect, the low-profile quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna comprises an antenna layer, an electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface layer and a supporting column for fixedly supporting the antenna layer and the electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface layer;
the antenna layer comprises a PCB substrate and a miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure arranged on the PCB substrate, the miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure comprises a dipole antenna arranged in the center of the PCB substrate and capacitive loading reflectors symmetrically arranged with the dipole antenna, two ends of each capacitive loading reflector are respectively of a bent structure, and a PIN switch tube is loaded in the middle of each capacitive loading reflector;
the electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface layer comprises an intermediate layer PCB substrate, an electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface laid on the intermediate layer PCB substrate and a floor layer.
The beneficial effect of this scheme is: according to the reconfigurable quasi-yagi antenna, the artificial phase shift surface is arranged on the basis of the reconfigurable quasi-yagi antenna, the height of the antenna is reduced to one tenth of the wavelength, and the three beams are directionally scanned, so that the low-profile directional diagram reconfigurable antenna is realized.
Furthermore, the bent parts at the two ends of the capacity type loading reflector are respectively connected with a control circuit.
Further, two near sides of the dipole antenna are respectively provided with a parasitic patch.
Furthermore, a feed interface is connected to the middle position of the dipole antenna.
Furthermore, through holes are formed in the centers of the middle layer PCB substrate and the floor layer, and the feed interface is connected with a feed coaxial line penetrating through the through holes.
The beneficial effects of the further scheme are as follows: the invention feeds signals into the quasi-yagi structure through the feeding coaxial line passing through the antenna to form radiation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a planar quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of impedance bandwidth performance of the planar quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the directional diagram reconfigurable performance of the planar quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-profile quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a low profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a front view of a low profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a side view of a low profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the impedance bandwidth performance of a low-profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the pattern reconfigurable performance of the low-profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are: 1-miniaturized yagi structure, 2-parasitic patch, 3-PIN switch tube, 4-control circuit, 5-PCB substrate, 6-feed interface, 7-electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface intermediate layer, 8-intermediate layer PCB substrate, 9-floor bottom layer, 10-support column, 11-feed coaxial line.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1
The invention provides a novel miniaturized planar quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna based on a quasi-yagi antenna principle and adopting a PIN switch tube as a control switch, which has the characteristics of small size, compact structure, low loss, large bandwidth and switchable complementary (asymmetric) directional diagrams, can keep wide bandwidth and high radiation efficiency while being miniaturized, provides complementary switchable wave beams, and is used for designing a 5G new frequency band directional diagram reconfigurable base station antenna and a reconfigurable antenna applied to sub 6GHz to design an antenna suitable for a 5G indoor base station or a route transmitting end.
As shown in fig. 1, the planar quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a PCB substrate 5 and a miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure 1 disposed on the PCB substrate 5, where the miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure 1 includes a dipole antenna disposed in the center of the PCB substrate 5 and capacitive loading reflectors symmetrically disposed with respect to the dipole antenna, both ends of the capacitive loading reflectors are bent structures, and a switch 3 is loaded in the middle of the capacitive loading reflector.
The miniature reconfigurable yagi structure 1 is formed by adopting a dipole unit as an excitation source and a capacitive loaded microstrip reflector, and the frequency control of the antenna can be realized by changing the sizes of the excitation source and the reflector.
The invention takes a dipole antenna as an excitation source antenna, realizes the reflection effect on the excitation source through a capacitive loading reflector with two bent ends, and forms directional radiation. And meanwhile, the capacitance loading reflector and the dipole antenna have bent structures to form capacitance loading, so that the miniaturization design is realized, and the distance between the capacitance loading reflector and the dipole antenna is shortened to one eighth of wavelength.
The invention loads an electronic switch PIN switch tube at the middle position of the capacity type loading reflector and realizes the reconstruction of wave beams by controlling the selection of the reflector. Specifically, the switch of a PIN switch tube (bias diode) is controlled by PIN diode direct current control circuits respectively connected at the bending parts at the two ends of the capacitive loading reflector, so that the reflecting state is controlled, and when the bias diode is conducted, the reflector mode is adopted; when the biased diode is off, it is in dipole mode. According to the invention, two novel reconfigurable quasi-yagi structures are integrated together, and the switching of forward directional, omnidirectional and backward directional radiation patterns can be realized by controlling the states of the two diodes, so that the requirements of different 5G application scenes are met.
The parasitic patches 2 are respectively arranged on two near sides of the dipole antenna, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna is expanded; according to the invention, the parasitic patch 2 is placed on the dipole excitation source, a new dipole similar mode is introduced, the working bandwidth of the antenna is expanded, sub 6GHz wide bandwidth communication is satisfied, and the N77/N78 mainstream 5G communication frequency band can be completely covered.
The feed interface 6 is connected to the middle position of the dipole antenna, and the feed structure 6 is used for feeding signals into an excitation source of a miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure to form resonance and generate radiation.
The problems of large size, complex control and the like of the traditional directional diagram reconfigurable antenna are solved; the broadband is obtained, and the bandwidth is suitable for the required bandwidth of 5G communication in a sub 6GHz frequency band; the miniaturized design is realized, and the size of the antenna is only 0.35 lambda0×0.12λ0(λ0The free space wavelength corresponding to the lowest point of the antenna frequency band), the size is smaller than that of a reconfigurable antenna with similar performance, particularly the width of the antenna is only one eighth of the wavelength and is smaller than the requirement of one quarter of the wavelength of the traditional yagi antenna; the complementary switchable directional diagram is realized, and the defect that the reconfigurable directional diagram type of the traditional antenna is single is overcome; in addition, the antenna adopts a small amount of PIN switching tubes to control the beam to be reconfigurable, the radiation efficiency is high, the cost is low, the antenna is suitable for large-scale application, and the defects of high cost and large radiation loss of the traditional reconfigurable antenna are overcome.
The antenna has the advantages of high radiation efficiency and wide directional pattern lobe, and adopts a low-loss structure and only two PIN diodes, so that the possible loss is reduced as much as possible. The antenna has wide lobe and large beam coverage range, and is suitable for indoor environment communication.
As shown in fig. 2, in three states of the planar quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna, the impedance bandwidth (working bandwidth) of the antenna can completely cover 5G-N77/N78 frequency band (> 25%), the bandwidth coincidence is good, and the planar quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna can be applied to sub 6GHz wide frequency band.
As shown in fig. 3, the planar quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna realizes the directional diagram reconfiguration of forward direction, omnidirectional direction and backward direction along with the switching of the PIN switch tube, and the directional diagram is a complementary directional diagram. The directional diagrams of the two directional modes have high gain, large front-to-back ratio of lobes and good directivity. The omnidirectional mode has higher roundness, namely the omnidirectional is good.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention is similar to the antenna structure of the embodiment 1, and is different in that an artificial phase surface in an electromagnetic metamaterial is applied to the design of a low-profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable antenna on the basis of the reconfigurable quasi-yagi antenna, the height of the antenna is reduced to one tenth of a wavelength, and three beams are directionally scanned, so that the low-profile pattern three-beam reconfigurable miniaturized 5G base station antenna is realized.
As shown in fig. 4 to 7, a low-profile quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes an antenna layer, an electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface layer 7, and a supporting column 10 for fixedly supporting the antenna layer and the electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface layer 7;
the antenna layer comprises a PCB substrate 5 and a miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure 1 arranged on the PCB substrate 5, the miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure 1 comprises a dipole antenna arranged in the center of the PCB substrate 5 and capacitive loading reflectors symmetrically arranged with the dipole antenna, two ends of each capacitive loading reflector are of bent structures, and a switch 3 is loaded in the middle of each capacitive loading reflector;
the electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface layer 7 comprises an intermediate layer PCB substrate 8, an electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface laid on the intermediate layer PCB substrate 8 and a floor layer 9.
The artificial phase shift surface in the electromagnetic metamaterial is arranged on the lower side of the antenna and is used for modulating the reflection phase of incoming waves, so that the low-profile design is realized; the reflection phase of the metal surface to the incoming wave is 180 degrees, so that the height of a quarter wavelength is needed to realize the in-phase synthesis of the transmitted wave and the reflected wave to form directional radiation.
The electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface of the invention is composed of a periodic patch structure laid on an intermediate layer PCB substrate 8 and a floor layer 9, and the structure can be used for modulating the reflection phase of an incoming wave, so that the height of an antenna can be reduced while the in-phase synthesis directional radiation is ensured.
The structure and function of the control circuit 4, the parasitic patch 2 and the feed interface 6 disposed on the antenna layer are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described herein.
The support columns 10 are arranged on the periphery of a three-layer antenna structure consisting of an antenna layer and an electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface layer 7, and nylon screws are adopted to support and fix the three-layer antenna structure.
The floor layer 9 of the present invention uses a thin aluminum plate as a floor for the antenna. The antenna is only made of the thin-layer substrate and the metal aluminum plate, so that the production cost is reduced, and the antenna is convenient to produce and apply.
In the invention, through holes are respectively arranged at the centers of the middle layer PCB substrate 8 and the bottom layer 9 of the floor, and the feed interface 6 is connected with a feed coaxial line 11 passing through the through holes, thereby feeding signals into a quasi-yagi structure at the top layer of the antenna to form radiation.
As shown in fig. 8, in the low-profile quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna, in three states, the impedance bandwidth (working bandwidth) of the antenna can completely cover 5G-N77/N78 frequency band (> 25%), the bandwidth coincidence is good, the antenna echo matching is good, and the antenna can be applied to sub 6GHz broadband.
As shown in fig. 9, the low-profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna realizes directional three-beam switching with the switching of the PIN switch tube, and the maximum scanning angle of the pattern is 35 °. The antenna has high radiation gain, wide half-power beam width, small directional diagram back lobe and large lobe front-to-back ratio, and can be suitable for wide beam coverage communication in indoor or large-area environment.
The invention provides a planar antenna with complementary beam switching and a three-beam scanning low-profile reconfigurable antenna, which meet the communication requirements of different application scenes of a 5G base station and overcome the defect of single function of the traditional reconfigurable antenna.
The directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of small size, planar structure and low section, and is suitable for communication requirements of different small base stations and narrow environments; the working bandwidth of the antenna is large, and the antenna covers N77/N78 and other 5G new frequency bands; two directional diagram reconfigurable embodiments with different beams realize the functions of complementary directional diagram switching and directional beam scanning, and are designed aiming at different application scenes; the antenna radiation efficiency is high (85%), the antenna beam coverage is wide, and the antenna is suitable for indoor wide-angle domain communication; the antenna is low in cost, is only suitable for two PIN diodes, is easy to produce and apply, and is flexible and quick in electric control scheme and high in response stability.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The planar miniaturized quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna is characterized by comprising a PCB (printed circuit board) substrate (5) and a miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure (1) arranged on the PCB substrate (5), wherein the miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure (1) comprises a dipole antenna arranged at the center of the PCB substrate (5) and capacitive loading reflectors symmetrically arranged with the dipole antenna, two ends of each capacitive loading reflector are both of a bent structure, and a switch (3) is loaded in the middle of each capacitive loading reflector.
2. The planar quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna according to claim 1, wherein the control circuit (4) is connected to each of the bent portions at both ends of the capacitive loading reflector.
3. The planar quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna according to claim 1, wherein parasitic patches (2) are respectively provided on both proximal sides of the dipole antenna.
4. The planar quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna according to claim 3, wherein a feed interface (6) is connected to a middle position of the dipole antenna.
5. A low-profile quasi-yagi directional diagram reconfigurable 5G antenna is characterized by comprising an antenna layer, an electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface layer (7) and a support column (10) for fixedly supporting the antenna layer and the electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface layer (7);
the antenna layer comprises a PCB (printed circuit board) substrate (5) and a miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure (1) arranged on the PCB substrate (5), the miniaturized reconfigurable yagi structure (1) comprises a dipole antenna arranged in the center of the PCB substrate (5) and capacitive loading reflectors symmetrically arranged with the dipole antenna, two ends of each capacitive loading reflector are of bent structures, and a switch (3) is loaded in the middle of each capacitive loading reflector;
the electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface layer (7) comprises an intermediate layer PCB substrate (8), an electromagnetic artificial phase shift surface laid on the intermediate layer PCB substrate (8) and a floor layer (9).
6. The low-profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna according to claim 5, wherein the control circuit (4) is connected to each of the bends at both ends of the capacitive loading reflector.
7. The low-profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna according to claim 5, wherein parasitic patches (2) are respectively provided on both proximal sides of the dipole antenna.
8. The low-profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna according to claim 7, wherein a feed interface (6) is connected to a middle position of the dipole antenna.
9. The low-profile quasi-yagi pattern reconfigurable 5G antenna according to claim 8, wherein a through hole is formed in the center of each of the middle layer PCB substrate (8) and the floor layer (9), and the feed interface (6) is connected with a feed coaxial line (11) passing through the through hole.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114583456A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-06-03 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Miniaturized plane directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, Internet of things equipment and router |
| CN114583456B (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2024-02-09 | 微网优联科技(成都)有限公司 | Miniaturized planar directional diagram reconfigurable antenna, internet of things equipment and router |
| CN115332789A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-11-11 | 大连理工大学 | A Broadband and High Gain Pattern Reconfigurable Dielectric Resonator Antenna |
| CN115441164A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-12-06 | 成都市联洲国际技术有限公司 | Antenna with a shield |
| CN115441164B (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2025-07-08 | 成都市联洲国际技术有限公司 | Antenna |
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