CN112162206B - A multi-cell lithium battery voltage detection circuit - Google Patents
A multi-cell lithium battery voltage detection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112162206B CN112162206B CN202010839060.8A CN202010839060A CN112162206B CN 112162206 B CN112162206 B CN 112162206B CN 202010839060 A CN202010839060 A CN 202010839060A CN 112162206 B CN112162206 B CN 112162206B
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种多节锂电池电压检测电路，所述检测电路包括高精度比较器、两组分压电容、控制开关以及锂电池组，所述锂电池组由m(m≥2)节锂电池串联而成，其中锂电池组通过一组分压电容连接高精度比较器的正项输入端，电路内容的高精度基本电压通过另一组分压电容连接高精度比较器的反项输入端。
The present invention relates to a multi-cell lithium battery voltage detection circuit, the detection circuit comprises a high-precision comparator, two groups of split capacitors, a control switch and a lithium battery pack, the lithium battery pack is formed by connecting m (m≥2) lithium batteries in series, wherein the lithium battery pack is connected to the positive input end of the high-precision comparator through a group of split capacitors, and the high-precision basic voltage of the circuit content is connected to the negative input end of the high-precision comparator through another group of split capacitors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detection circuit, in particular to a voltage detection circuit for a plurality of lithium batteries, and belongs to the technical field of voltage detection.
Background
At present, more and more lithium battery powered devices are adopted, and compared with plug-in type devices, the lithium battery powered devices greatly improve the portability of the devices. However, the lithium battery needs to be charged and discharged within a certain voltage range, and if the charging voltage is too high or the discharging voltage is too low, the danger is caused, so that it is very important to accurately detect and protect the charging and discharging voltage of the lithium battery. For a single lithium battery, the battery voltage can be directly sampled and compared with a certain reference voltage, if the battery voltage is greater than or equal to the certain reference voltage, the lithium battery is considered to be in an overcharged state, and the charging loop of the lithium battery needs to be turned off to protect the lithium battery. Likewise, if the lithium battery voltage is less than or equal to some other reference voltage, we consider the lithium battery in an overdischarge state, and need to turn off the discharge loop of the lithium battery to protect the lithium battery. For the case of using multiple lithium batteries in series, it is necessary to detect the voltage of each lithium battery voltage and protect them, and how to accurately detect the voltage of each lithium battery in series at this time is a problem that we need to face. In FIG. 1, 101-104 are respectively a lithium battery 1, a lithium battery 2, a lithium battery 3 and a lithium battery 4 which are connected in series, and V1-V4 are voltages of various series nodes, wherein V1 is equal to a voltage (Vb 1) of the lithium battery 1, V2 is equal to a sum of a voltage (Vb 1) of the lithium battery 1 and a voltage (Vb 2) of the lithium battery 2, V3 is equal to a sum of a voltage (Vb 1) of the battery 1, a voltage (Vb 2) of the lithium battery 2 and a voltage (Vb 3) of the lithium battery 3, and V4 is equal to a sum of a voltage (Vb 1) of the battery 1, a voltage (Vb 2) of the lithium battery 2, a voltage (Vb 3) of the lithium battery 3 and a voltage (Vb 4) of the lithium battery 4;
for a typical lithium battery protection circuit, a complex circuit unit is required to calculate the voltage of each lithium battery, namely:
voltage of lithium battery 1: vb1;
Voltage of lithium battery 2, v2=v2-V1;
voltage of lithium battery 3, v3=v3-V2;
Voltage of lithium battery 4, vqb4=v4-V3;
And then, respectively transmitting the Vb 1-Vb 4 to an overcharge and overdischarge comparator, and comparing the overcharge and overdischarge comparator with a reference voltage to determine whether the battery is in an unsafe state of overcharge or overdischarge.
The common lithium battery voltage detection method has the advantages of large circuit scale, high cost, complex operation, voltage error introduction in the voltage processing process and poor precision.
Based on the reasons, the circuit of the patent is invented, the method for detecting the voltage of the lithium battery is simplified, the cost is low, and the voltage detection precision is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a voltage detection circuit of a plurality of lithium batteries aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the technical scheme has extremely simple circuit, only one comparator and two groups of voltage dividing capacitors are needed, and the chip area of the circuit is reduced to 20% by matching with each control switch.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is that the voltage detection circuit of the multi-section lithium battery comprises a high-precision comparator, two groups of voltage dividing capacitors, a control switch and a lithium battery pack, wherein the lithium battery pack is formed by connecting m (m is more than or equal to 2) lithium batteries in series, the lithium battery pack is connected with the positive input end of the high-precision comparator through one group of voltage dividing capacitors, and the high-precision basic voltage of the circuit content is connected with the negative input end of the high-precision comparator through the other group of voltage dividing capacitors.
As an improvement of the invention, in the lithium battery pack connected in series, each lithium battery is connected in series with a control switch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that 1) the technical scheme is extremely simple in circuit, only one comparator and two groups of voltage dividing capacitors are needed, and meanwhile, the chip area of the circuit is reduced to 20% by matching with each control switch, 2) the technical scheme is simple in battery voltage sampling and high in precision, the highest precision can reach 0.1mV, 3) the battery detection adopts a working mode of cyclic scanning, and the overall power consumption current of the circuit can be lower than 5uA.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art voltage detection circuit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a voltage detection circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram illustrating control according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to enhance the understanding of the present invention, the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment 1 is a multi-lithium battery voltage detection circuit, which comprises a high-precision comparator, two groups of voltage dividing capacitors, a control switch and a lithium battery pack, wherein the lithium battery pack is formed by connecting m (m is more than or equal to 2) lithium batteries in series, the lithium battery pack is connected with the positive input end of the high-precision comparator through one group of voltage dividing capacitors, the high-precision basic voltage of the circuit content is connected with the negative input end of the high-precision comparator through the other group of voltage dividing capacitors, and each lithium battery is connected with one control switch in series in the lithium battery pack which is connected in series.
The circuit diagram of the patent of the invention is shown in fig. 2, and the invention is exemplified by the series connection of 4 lithium batteries, and the invention can be similarly expanded to the case of series connection of other numbers of lithium batteries. In the figure, V1-V4 are voltages of various series nodes, wherein V1 is equal to the voltage (Vb 1) of the lithium battery 1, V2 is equal to the sum of the voltage (Vb 1) of the lithium battery 1 and the voltage (Vb 2) of the lithium battery 2, V3 is equal to the sum of the voltage (Vb 1) of the battery 1, the voltage (Vb 2) of the lithium battery 2 and the voltage (Vb 3) of the lithium battery 3, V4 is equal to the sum of the voltage (Vb 1) of the battery 1, the voltage (Vb 2) of the lithium battery 2, the voltage (Vb 3) of the battery 3 and the voltage (Vb 4) of the lithium battery 4, K1-K10 is a switch control circuit, a switch is turned on when the control level is high, C1-C4 is a capacitor, the capacitance value of which is C1=C2=C3=C4, COMP is a high-precision comparator, INP is a positive-phase input end of the comparator, INN is an inverting input end of the comparator, and VOUT is output of the comparator. Vref1 and Vref2 are high precision reference voltages inside the circuit, vref1> Vref2, respectively serving as comparison thresholds for the battery overcharge and overdischarge voltages.
The control timing of the control switches K1-K10 in the circuit is shown in FIG. 3.
At time t1, the control switches K5, K6, K7, K8 are all at high level, the voltages at the nodes VIN, INP, VR and INN in the circuit are all reset to 0 level, and after the control switches K5, K6, K7, K8 are all released to low level, the voltages at the nodes in the circuit remain unchanged.
At time t2, the control switch K1 is set to be high level, the voltage of the VIN node is suddenly changed from 0 to V1, the variation is equal to the voltage (Vb 1) of the first lithium battery, the voltage of the INP node is Vb1/2 because of the serial voltage division of the capacitors C1 and C2, meanwhile, the control switch K9 is set to be high level, the voltage of the VR node is suddenly changed from 0 to Vref1, and the voltage of the INN node is Vref1/2 because of the serial voltage division of the capacitors C3 and C4. At this time, the comparator COMP starts comparing voltages at both ends of INP and INN, namely, vb1/2 and Vref1/2. That is, comparing the voltage Vb1 of the first lithium battery with the reference voltage Vref1, if Vb1> Vref1, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is at a high level, which indicates that the first lithium battery is in an overcharged state, and if Vb1< Vref1, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is at a low level, which indicates that the first lithium battery has not reached an overcharged state.
At time t3, the control switches K7 and K8 are set to high level, the voltages at the nodes VR and INN in the circuit are reset to 0 level, and after the control switches K7 and K8 are released to low level, the voltages at the nodes VR and INN in the circuit are maintained unchanged. At time t4, the control switch K10 is set to high level, the voltage at the VR node is suddenly changed from 0 to Vref2, and the voltage at the INN node is Vref2/2 due to the series voltage division of the capacitors C3 and C4. At this time, the comparator COMP starts comparing voltages at both ends of INP and INN, namely, vb1/2 and Vref2/2. That is, comparing the voltage Vb1 of the first lithium battery with the reference voltage Vref2, if Vb1< Vref2, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is low, which indicates that the first lithium battery is in an overdischarge state, and if Vb1> Vref1, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is high, which indicates that the first lithium battery does not reach an overdischarge state.
At time t5, the control switches K6, K7, K8 are set to high level, the voltages of the nodes INP, VR and INN in the circuit are all reset to 0 level, and after the control switches K6, K7, K8 are released to low level, the voltages of the nodes INP, VR and INN in the circuit are maintained unchanged.
At time t6, the control switch K1 is set to be low level, the control switch K2 is set to be high level, the voltage of the VIN node is suddenly changed from V1 to V2, the variable quantity is equal to the voltage (Vb 2) of the second lithium battery, the voltage of the INP node is Vb2/2 because of the serial voltage division of the capacitors C1 and C2, meanwhile, the control switch K9 is set to be high level, the voltage of the VR node is suddenly changed from 0 to Vref1, and the voltage of the INN node is Vref1/2 because of the serial voltage division of the capacitors C3 and C4. At this time, the comparator COMP starts comparing voltages at both ends of INP and INN, namely, vb2/2 and Vref1/2. That is, comparing the voltage Vb2 of the second lithium battery with the reference voltage Vref1, if Vb2> Vref1, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is high, which indicates that the second lithium battery is in an overcharged state, and if Vb2< Vref1, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is low, which indicates that the second lithium battery is not in an overcharged state.
At time t7, the control switches K7 and K8 are set to high level, the voltages at the nodes VR and INN in the circuit are reset to 0 level, and after the control switches K7 and K8 are released to low level, the voltages at the nodes VR and INN in the circuit are maintained unchanged. At time t8, the control switch K10 is set to high level, the voltage at the VR node is suddenly changed from 0 to Vref2, and the voltage at the INN node is Vref2/2 due to the series voltage division of the capacitors C3 and C4. At this time, the comparator COMP starts comparing voltages at both ends of INP and INN, namely, vb2/2 and Vref2/2. That is, comparing the voltage Vb2 of the second lithium battery with the reference voltage Vref2, if Vb2< Vref2, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is low, which indicates that the second lithium battery is in an overdischarge state, and if Vb2> Vref1, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is high, which indicates that the second lithium battery does not reach an overdischarge state.
The same method can detect whether the third lithium battery and the fourth lithium battery are in an overcharged state or an overdischarged state. After the last lithium battery is detected, the circuit returns to the state at the time t1 again, and starts to detect the safety state of the first lithium battery, and the circuit is scanned circularly in this way to monitor the safety state of each lithium battery in the series battery pack at the time.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent changes or substitutions made on the basis of the above-mentioned technical solutions fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (1)
1. A detection method using a voltage detection circuit of a plurality of lithium batteries is characterized in that,
The detection circuit comprises one ends of control switches K1-K4 are respectively connected with the output ends of a first lithium battery, a second lithium battery, a third lithium battery and a fourth lithium battery in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the other ends of the control switches K1-K4 are connected with one end of a control switch K5 in a short circuit mode and then are connected with the VIN end of a capacitor C1 together, the INP end of the capacitor C1 is connected to one end of a capacitor C2, one end of a control switch K6 and the positive input end of a comparator COMP, the other ends of the control switch K5, the capacitor C2 and the control switch K6 are grounded, one end of a control switch K9 is connected with a reference voltage Vref1,
One end of the control switch K10 is connected with a reference voltage Vref2, the other ends of the control switch K9 and K10 are short-circuited, and then the other ends of the control switch K10 and one end of the control switch K7 are connected to the VR end of the capacitor C3 together, and the INN end of the capacitor C3 is connected to one end of the capacitor C4, one end of the control switch K8 and the reverse input end of the comparator COMP;
the capacitance values of the capacitors C1 to C4 are equal,
The detection method specifically comprises the following steps:
At time t1, the control switches K5, K6, K7 and K8 are all at high level, the voltages of the nodes VIN, INP, VR and INN in the circuit are reset to 0 level, and after the control switches K5, K6, K7 and K8 are all released to low level, the voltages of the nodes in the circuit are kept unchanged;
At time t2, the voltage of the VIN node is suddenly changed from 0 to V1, the variation is equal to the voltage Vb1 of the first lithium battery, the voltage of the INP node is Vb1/2 because of the serial voltage division of the capacitors C1 and C2, meanwhile, the voltage of the VR node is suddenly changed from 0 to Vref1 because of the serial voltage division of the capacitors C3 and C4, the voltage of the INN node is Vref1/2, at the moment, the comparator COMP starts to compare the voltages of the positive input end and the negative input end, namely, the voltage Vb1 of the first lithium battery and the reference voltage Vref1, if the voltage Vb1 is greater than Vref1, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is high, which indicates that the first lithium battery is in an overcharged state, and if the voltage Vb1 is less than Vref1, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is low, which indicates that the first lithium battery is not in an overcharged state;
At time t3, the control switch K9 is set to be low level, the control switches K7 and K8 are set to be high level, the voltages of the nodes VR and INN in the circuit are reset to be 0 level, the control switches K7 and K8 are released to be low level, the voltages of the nodes VR and INN in the circuit are kept unchanged, at time t4, the control switches K7 and K8 are set to be low level, the control switch K10 is set to be high level, the voltage of the node VR is suddenly changed from 0 to Vref2, and the voltage of the node INN is Vref2/2 because the capacitors C3 and C4 are serially divided, at the moment, the comparator COMP starts to compare the voltages of the positive input end and the negative input end, namely, the voltages Vb1/2 and the reference voltage Vref2 of the first lithium battery, if the voltage Vb1 is lower than Vref2, the output of the comparator COMP is lower level, which indicates that the first lithium battery is in an overdischarged state, if the voltage Vb1 is higher than Vref2, the output of the comparator COMP is higher level, which indicates that the first lithium battery does not reach the overdischarged state;
At time t5, the control switches K1 and K10 are set to low level, the control switches K6, K7 and K8 are set to high level, the voltages of the nodes INP, VR and INN in the circuit are all reset to 0 level, and after the control switches K6, K7 and K8 are released to low level, the voltages of the nodes INP, VR and INN in the circuit are maintained unchanged;
At time t6, the control switch K1 is set to be low, the control switch K2 is set to be high, the voltage of the VIN node is suddenly changed from V1 to V2, the variable quantity is equal to the voltage Vb2 of the second lithium battery, the voltage of the INP node is Vb2/2 because of the serial voltage division of the capacitors C1 and C2, meanwhile, the control switch K9 is set to be high, the voltage of the VR node is suddenly changed from 0 to Vref1 because of the serial voltage division of the capacitors C3 and C4, the voltage of the INN node is Vref1/2, at the moment, the comparator COMP starts to compare the voltages of the positive input end and the negative input end, namely, the voltage Vb2 of the second lithium battery and the reference voltage Vref1, if the voltage Vb2 is greater than Vref1, the output of the comparator COMP is high, and the second lithium battery is in an overcharged state, if the voltage VOUT 2 is less than Vref1, the output of the comparator COMP is low, and the second lithium battery does not reach the overcharged state;
At time t7, the control switch K9 is set to be low level, the control switches K7 and K8 are set to be high level, the voltages of the nodes VR and INN in the circuit are reset to be 0 level, after the control switches K7 and K8 are released to be low level, the voltages of the nodes VR and INN in the circuit are kept unchanged, at time t8, the control switches K7 and K8 are set to be low level, the control switch K10 is set to be high level, the voltage of the node VR is changed from 0 to Vref2 suddenly, and the voltage of the node INN is Vref2/2 because the capacitors C3 and C4 are connected in series and divided, at the moment, the comparator COMP starts to compare the voltages of the positive input end and the negative input end, namely, the voltages Vb2/2 and the reference voltage Vref2, if the voltage Vb2 is lower than Vref2, the output VOUT of the comparator COMP is lower level, which indicates that the second lithium battery is in an overdischarged state, if the voltage of the second lithium battery is higher than Vref2, which indicates that the second lithium battery is not overdischarged.
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| CN202010839060.8A CN112162206B (en) | 2020-08-19 | 2020-08-19 | A multi-cell lithium battery voltage detection circuit |
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| CN113049945A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-29 | 湖南国科微电子股份有限公司 | Chip test circuit |
| CN113447833B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2025-01-10 | 无锡恒芯微科技有限公司 | A battery voltage detection circuit |
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| CN213750267U (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-07-20 | 苏州锴威特半导体股份有限公司 | Voltage detection circuit for multiple lithium batteries |
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| JP4820739B2 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2011-11-24 | オンセミコンダクター・トレーディング・リミテッド | Battery voltage detection circuit |
| JP4887189B2 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2012-02-29 | オンセミコンダクター・トレーディング・リミテッド | Battery voltage detection circuit |
| JP5333619B2 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2013-11-06 | 株式会社デンソー | Voltage detection device and coupling circuit |
| JP6380242B2 (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2018-08-29 | 株式会社デンソー | Voltage detection device for battery pack |
| CN107294376B (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2020-08-07 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Charge pump voltage stabilizer, memory and Internet of things equipment |
| CN108872685B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2024-07-02 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Voltage measuring pen |
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