CN112412466B - Electric vehicle low-consumption surface mine exploitation method and electric vehicle electric energy feedback system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a low-consumption open-pit mining method for electric vehicles and an electric energy feedback system for electric vehicles. The mining platform and roads are better combined to shorten the transportation distance of electric vehicles through the three-dimensional parallel propulsion mining method, and the battery is replenished in time when going downhill. Energy, greatly extending battery life and increasing mileage. At the same time, a strong braking force will be generated when charging, which can reduce the wear of the brake pads, automatically reduce the speed of the vehicle, and drive safer. Control the slope of mine roads to achieve complete gas-electric charging, make full use of the potential energy difference between empty vehicles uphill and heavy vehicles downhill for charging, supplement the energy conversion efficiency loss of electric-pneumatic vehicles, and realize low-energy operation of electric vehicles.

Description

A low-consumption open-pit mining method for electric vehicles and electric energy feedback for electric vehicles system

technical field

The invention relates to an electric vehicle low-consumption open-pit mining method and an electric vehicle electric energy feedback system.

Background technique

The electric transport vehicles used in open-pit mine engineering have fixed running lines, and there are many open-pit mine transport routes that go downhill with loads and uphill without loads; electric vehicles with loads can generate enough electricity when they go downhill, and if they are not used, they will be wasted in vain. It is a pity that if the electric energy generated when going downhill is used to consume the electric vehicle during the uphill process, it will be possible to realize the state of "zero" energy consumption of the electric vehicle during the transportation process.

The energy feedback control of electric vehicles generally determines the feedback power according to the state of charge of the battery. When the state of charge of the battery is high, no feedback is performed. However, when the battery charge threshold reaches 100% during actual driving of the electric vehicle, the cell voltage has not yet reached its charge cut-off threshold, so the cell voltage still performs energy feedback, that is, In the prior art, whether to perform energy feedback is judged only according to the state of charge of the battery, and the energy feedback is unique.

During the braking charging process of electric mines, when the vehicle speed reaches a certain speed and the charging voltage is close to the charging limit, the gas vehicle will automatically start the mechanical system, causing a large amount of energy loss during the mechanical braking process.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a low-consumption open-pit mining method for electric vehicles and an electric energy feedback system for electric vehicles.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

A low-consumption open-pit mining method for electric vehicles and an electric energy feedback system for electric vehicles provided by the present invention adopt the following scheme:

1 Divide the steep slope terrain into several steps;

2 Use ramps to connect the steps;

3 For single-step operation, after blasting, excavators are used to push layer by layer, and electric vehicles are transported out along the road.

The comprehensive slope of the ramp is 5-8°. When the slope of the downhill slope is greater than 8°, flushing should be carried out with the gentle slope section. When the vehicle goes downhill, the charging system will automatically control the vehicle speed and accelerate to travel. Uphill mainly consumes power, and the vehicle is mainly charged when going downhill. The comprehensive slope ratio of the slope of the ramp is controlled at 5-8°, and the overall road section is a mud stone road ramp and the horizontal road length ratio needs to be greater than 6:1, and the overall road section is a mud stone cement road ramp and a horizontal road length The ratio must be greater than 4:1.

In the step 3, the step operation sequence is from top to bottom, and the excavator adopts three-dimensional parallel recursion, and the direction is the same direction as the slope. Shorten the horizontal running distance of heavy-duty vehicles on the mining area platform.

An electric vehicle braking electric energy feedback system includes a vehicle controller, a motor controller, a BMS, and a power generation control unit.

The vehicle controller is respectively connected with the motor controller, BMS, and power generation control unit for receiving vehicle operation information or sending vehicle control instructions;

The motor controller collects the driving state of the vehicle and is connected with the motor to control its start or stop;

The BMS collects the temperature of the battery pack and the highest battery cell voltage, and receives or sends control instructions from the vehicle controller;

The power generation control unit collects the feedback power of the generator and receives or sends control instructions from the vehicle controller.

The motor controller is also connected to the speed sensor, which is installed on the wheel shaft. The speed sensor collects the speed of the wheel shaft and transmits it to the motor controller. The motor controller converts the speed into vehicle speed and transmits it to the vehicle controller. The system controls whether the vehicle needs to decelerate to control the vehicle speed state.

The BMS is connected to the battery pack to control the battery pack to be connected in parallel or in series to switch between boost charging mode and buck charging mode.

The power generation control unit controls the connection or disconnection between the power generation clutch and the wheel shaft according to the wheel speed.

When the motor controller detects that the vehicle is going downhill, the vehicle controller controls the power generation control unit to enter the charging mode.

When the feedback power of the generator is greater than the maximum cell voltage threshold of the battery, the vehicle controller sends a boost charging mode to the power generation control unit; when the power feedback of the generator is less than the maximum cell voltage threshold of the battery, the vehicle controller Issue step-down charging mode to the generation control unit.

The vehicle controller also judges whether the vehicle speed is greater than the charging speed after judging that the vehicle is in a downhill state. If the vehicle speed is greater than or equal to the charging speed, it enters the charging mode. When the body voltage threshold is exceeded, it will automatically switch to mechanical braking.

The charging is in the air vehicle braking mode or at a speed ≥ 30km/h.

The mine road should be downhill with heavy vehicles and uphill with empty vehicles, making full use of the dynamic transmission from top to bottom in open-pit mines.

The slope of the mine should be within 5-8°. When the slope of a single section of steep slope is >8°, the steepest slope should be <13°, and the length of a single section should not exceed 100m.

When the steep slope of the single section of the mine road is much greater than 8°, the toe of the slope should be adjusted by a section of the slope.

The beneficial effect of the invention is that: the energy of the storage battery can be replenished in time, the service life of the storage battery is greatly prolonged and the mileage of driving is increased. At the same time, a strong braking force will be generated when charging, which can reduce the wear of the brake pads, automatically reduce the speed of the vehicle, and drive safer.

In the present invention, the slope of the mine road is controlled to achieve complete gas-electric charging, and the potential energy difference between an empty vehicle uphill and a heavy vehicle downhill is fully used for charging, and the energy conversion efficiency loss of the electric gas vehicle is supplemented to realize low-energy operation of the electric vehicle.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the vehicle charging control system of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the charging circuit of the present invention.

In the figure: 100-vehicle controller, 200-motor controller, 201-motor, 202-axle, 203-speed sensor, 300-BMS, 301-battery pack, 400-power generation control unit, 401-power generation clutch, 402 -Generator, 500-Mine steps and the longitudinal section of the first road, 501-The advancing section of the mining steps, 502-The ramp between the upper and lower steps

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to the description.

A low-consumption open-pit mining method for electric vehicles and an electric energy feedback system for electric vehicles adopt the following scheme:

1) Divide the steep slope terrain into several steps;

2) Use ramps to connect the steps;

3) For single step operation, after blasting, the excavator is used to push layer by layer, and the electric vehicles are transported out along the road.

The slope of the ramp is 5-8°.

The degree of the mine road is within 5-8°. When the slope of a single section of steep slope is >8°, the steepest slope should be <13°, and the length of a single section shall not exceed 100m.

When the steep slope of the single section of the mine road is greater than 8°, the toe of the slope should be adjusted by a section of the slope.

In the step 3, the step operation sequence is from top to bottom, and the excavator adopts three-dimensional parallel recursion, and the direction is the same direction as the slope.

An electric vehicle braking electric energy feedback system, comprising a vehicle controller 100, a motor controller 200, a BMS300, and a power generation control unit 400, characterized in that:

The vehicle controller 100 is respectively connected to the motor controller 200, the BMS 300, and the power generation control unit 400, and is used to receive vehicle operation information or send vehicle control commands;

The motor controller 200 collects the running state of the vehicle and is connected with the motor 201 to control its start or stop;

The BMS300 collects the temperature of the battery pack and the highest cell voltage of the battery, and receives or sends control instructions from the vehicle controller 100;

The power generation control unit 400 collects the feedback power of the generator and receives or sends control instructions from the vehicle controller 100 .

The motor controller 200 is also connected to a speed sensor 203, which is installed on the wheel shaft 202, and the speed sensor 203 collects the speed of the wheel shaft 202 and transmits it to the motor controller 200, and the motor controller 200 converts the speed into a vehicle speed and transmits it to the vehicle The controller 100 also controls whether the vehicle needs to decelerate to control the vehicle speed state through the vehicle braking system.

The BMS 300 is connected to the battery pack 301 to control the battery pack 301 to be connected in parallel or in series to switch between boost charging mode and buck charging mode.

The power generation control unit 400 controls the connection or disconnection between the power generation clutch 401 and the wheel shaft 202 according to the wheel speed.

When the motor controller 200 detects that the vehicle is going downhill, the vehicle controller 100 controls the power generation control unit 400 to enter the charging mode.

The vehicle controller 100 sends a boost charging mode to the power generation control unit 400 when the feedback power of the generator is greater than the maximum cell voltage threshold of the battery; When the threshold value is reached, a step-down charging mode is issued to the power generation control unit 400 .

The vehicle controller 100 also judges whether the vehicle speed is greater than the charging speed after judging that the vehicle is in a downhill state. If the vehicle speed is greater than or equal to the charging speed, it enters the charging mode. When the monomer voltage threshold is reached, it will automatically switch to mechanical braking.

The charging speed is when the brake system is activated or the vehicle speed exceeds 30km/h.

The power generation system connects the generator to the wheel shaft, and a clutch is installed. When the electric vehicle is running, when the vehicle decelerates, goes downhill, or needs to be braked, the clutch installed on the wheel shaft merges the transmission wheels connected to the generator. Driven by the inertia of the vehicle, the generator generates electricity. While generating electricity, the generator system has a certain braking ability on the rotating shaft, and at the same time slows down the speed of the vehicle when going downhill.

As shown in Figure 2, the speed measuring comparison circuit includes resistor R1, resistor R2, resistor R3, resistor R4, resistor R5, resistor R6, potentiometer RP1, potentiometer RP2, diode D1, diode D2, triode BG1, triode BG2, Integrated circuit IC1, relay J1, speed sensor R and switch S1; among them, resistor R1 is connected between the positive pole of battery E1 and the collector of triode BG1, resistor R2 is connected between the emitter of triode BG1 and ground, and resistor R3 is connected Between the collector of the transistor BG1 and the ground, the resistor R4 is connected between the pin 2 of the integrated circuit IC1 and the ground, the resistor R5 is connected between the base of the transistor BG2 and the cathode of the diode D1, and the resistor R6 is connected to the transistor BG2 Between the emitter and the ground, the potentiometer RP1 is connected between the positive pole of the battery E1 and the base of the triode BG1, the potentiometer RP2 is connected between the positive pole of the battery E1 and the 2 pins of the integrated circuit IC1, and the positive pole of the diode D1 is connected to the integrated circuit Pin 1 of the circuit IC1, the negative pole is connected to the resistor R5, the speed sensor R is connected between the base of the triode BG1 and the ground, the base of the triode BG1 is connected to the connection point of the potentiometer RP1 and the speed sensor R, and the collector is connected to the integrated circuit IC1 Pin 3, the emitter is connected to resistor R2, the base of triode BG2 is connected to resistor R5, the collector is connected to relay J1, the emitter is connected to resistor R6, pin 1 of integrated circuit IC1 is connected to the positive pole of diode D1, and pin 2 is connected to potentiometer RP2 The connection point with resistor R4, pin 3 is connected to the collector of triode BG1, pin 4 is grounded, pin 8 is connected to the positive pole of battery E1, relay J1 and diode D2 are connected in parallel and then connected between the fixed end of switch S1 and the collector of triode BG2 , the "1" end of the switch S1 is floating, and the "2" end is connected to the positive pole of the battery E1.

The BMS is connected to the battery pack and controls the battery pack 301 to be connected in parallel or in series to switch between boost charging mode and buck charging mode.

The power generation control unit 400 controls the connection or disconnection between the power generation clutch 401 and the wheel shaft 202 according to the wheel speed.

When the motor controller 200 detects that the vehicle is going downhill, the vehicle controller 100 controls the power generation control unit 400 to enter the charging mode. When the speed of the downhill electric vehicle exceeds 30km/h, pin 1 of the integrated circuit IC1 outputs a high level, the triode BG2 conducts, the relay J1 pulls in, its normally open contact J1-1 closes, and the normally closed contact J1-2 Disconnect, the boost charging circuit stops working, the batteries E1, E2, E3 are changed from series to parallel, HD is a slide bulb, its cold resistance is 0.2Ω, basically has no effect on the charging circuit when it is not working, and when the vehicle speed increases , the charging voltage also rises accordingly, when the HD is lit, its thermal resistance increases rapidly, and the voltage at both ends also increases, thereby limiting the charging current, so that the charging current of each battery will not exceed the limit, and protect the safety of the entire circuit Work.

Boost charging circuit includes resistor R7, resistor R8, capacitor C1, capacitor C2, capacitor C3, diode D3, diode D4, transistor BG3, transistor BG4, rectifier stack UR, transformer B, normally closed contact J1-2 of relay J1 and Fuse FU.

Among them, resistor R7 is connected between pin 2 of input coil B1-1 of transformer B and pin 2 of input coil B1-2 of transformer B, resistor R8 is connected between pin 3 and pin 4 of rectifier stack UR, capacitor C1 The positive pole of the transformer B is connected to the 2nd pin of the input coil B1-1 of the transformer B, the negative pole is grounded, the capacitor C2 is connected between the 1st and 3rd pins of the input coil B1-1 of the transformer B, and the positive pole of the capacitor C3 is connected to the 3rd pin of the rectifier stack UR , the negative pole is connected to pin 4 of rectifier stack UR, the positive pole of diode D3 is connected to the emitter pole of triode BG3, the negative pole is connected to pin 2 of input coil B1-1 of transformer B, the positive pole of diode D4 is connected to pin 3 of rectifier stack UR through fuse FU , the negative pole is connected to the positive pole of the battery E1, and the normally closed contact J1-2 of the relay J1 is connected between the normally open contact J1-1 of the relay J1 and the 2 pins of the input coil B1-1 of the transformer B.

As shown in Figure 2, the step-down charging circuit includes battery E1, battery E2, battery E3, diode D5, DC motor M, normally open contact J1-1 of relay J1, normally closed contact J1-2, bulb HD and switch S2.

Among them, the battery E1, the battery E2, and the battery E3 are connected in series through the normally closed contact J1-2 of the relay J1, and connected in parallel through the normally open contact J1-1 of the relay J1, and the diode D5 and the DC motor M are connected in parallel at the switch S2 Between the fixed terminal and the ground, the "1" terminal of the switch S2 is connected to the positive pole of the battery E1, and the "2" terminal is connected to the common point of the normally open contact J1-1 and the normally closed contact J1-2 of the relay J1, and the bulb HD Connected between the normally open contact J1-1 of the relay J1 and the positive pole of the battery E1.

The vehicle controller 100 sends a boost charging mode to the power generation control unit 400 when the feedback power of the generator is greater than the maximum cell voltage threshold of the battery; When the threshold value is reached, a step-down charging mode is issued to the power generation control unit 400 .

Before controlling the power generation control unit 400 to enter the charging mode, the vehicle controller 100 also judges whether the motor controller 200 controls the vehicle to be in a braking state, and if it is in a non-braking state, then enters the charging mode.

The vehicle controller 100 also judges whether the vehicle speed is greater than the charging speed after judging the braking state of the vehicle. If the vehicle speed is greater than or equal to the charging speed, it enters the charging mode. When the body voltage threshold is exceeded, a fault signal is issued.

After judging the speed of the vehicle, the vehicle controller 100 also detects whether the vehicle is in a braking state. If it is in a braking mode, it will enter a charging state. If the vehicle is in a non-braking state, it will send a fault signal.

As shown in Figure 1, mainly in the mining area, the access area is too large and the energy consumption is too large, which cannot meet the dynamic balance during the charging process of electric vehicles. Therefore, the roads and platforms in the control mine 500 are layer by layer The position of the console step 501 and the gradient of the ramp 502 realize the energy balance of the electric mine car in the field.

Claims (1)

1. The electric vehicle low-consumption surface mine exploitation method adopts the following scheme:

1) Dividing the abrupt slope terrain into a plurality of steps;

2) Connecting the steps by using a ramp;

3) Single-step operation, after blasting, adopting an excavator to recursively push the single-step operation layer by layer, and transporting the single-step operation along a road by an electric vehicle;

the comprehensive gradient ratio of the ramp is controlled to be 5-8 degrees, the length ratio of the ramp of the total road section which is a mud stone road to the horizontal road is required to be greater than 6:1, and the length ratio of the ramp of the total road section which is a mud stone cement road to the horizontal road is required to be greater than 4:1;

the step operation sequence in the step 3) is from top to bottom, the excavator adopts three-dimensional parallel recursion, and the direction is the same direction of the slope;

the braking electric energy feedback system of the electric vehicle comprises a whole vehicle controller (100), a motor controller (200), a BMS (300) and a power generation control unit (400), and is characterized in that:

the whole vehicle controller (100) is respectively connected with the motor controller (200), the BMS (300) and the power generation control unit (400) and is used for receiving running information of a vehicle or sending a control instruction of the vehicle;

the motor controller (200) collects the running state of the vehicle and is connected with the motor (201) to control the starting or stopping of the vehicle;

the BMS (300) collects the temperature of the battery pack and the highest single voltage of the battery, and receives or transmits a control instruction of the whole vehicle controller (100);

the power generation control unit (400) collects feedback electric quantity of the generator and receives or transmits a control instruction of the whole vehicle controller (100);

the motor controller (200) is also connected with a rotating speed sensor (203), the rotating speed sensor (203) is arranged on the wheel shaft (202), the rotating speed sensor (203) collects the rotating speed of the wheel shaft (202) and transmits the rotating speed to the motor controller (200), the motor controller (200) converts the rotating speed into a vehicle speed and transmits the vehicle speed to the whole vehicle controller (100), and the vehicle braking system is used for controlling whether the vehicle needs to be in a speed reduction control state or not;

the BMS (300) is connected with the battery pack (301) to control the battery pack (301) to switch between a boost charging mode and a buck charging mode in parallel or in series;

the power generation control unit (400) controls connection or disconnection between the power generation clutch (401) and the wheel shaft (202) according to the rotation speed of the wheels;

the whole vehicle controller (100) also judges whether the vehicle speed is greater than the charging speed after judging that the vehicle is in a downhill state, enters a charging mode if the vehicle speed is greater than or equal to the charging speed, and automatically turns into mechanical braking if the vehicle speed is less than the charging speed and the feedback electric quantity of the generator is greater than the highest single voltage threshold of the battery;

when the motor controller (200) detects that the vehicle is on a downhill slope, the whole vehicle controller (100) controls the power generation control unit (400) to enter a charging mode;

the whole vehicle controller (100) sends out a boosting charging mode to the power generation control unit (400) when the feedback electric quantity of the generator is larger than the highest single voltage threshold of the battery; the whole vehicle controller (100) sends out a step-down charging mode to the power generation control unit (400) when the feedback electric quantity of the generator is smaller than the highest single voltage threshold of the battery;

the charging speed is when the braking system is started or the vehicle speed is more than or equal to 30 km/h;

the mine road is a heavy vehicle downhill slope, an empty vehicle uphill slope, and the shape of the surface mine moving from top to bottom is fully utilized.

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