CN112453026A - Comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage - Google Patents
Comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN112453026A CN112453026A CN202011224931.1A CN202011224931A CN112453026A CN 112453026 A CN112453026 A CN 112453026A CN 202011224931 A CN202011224931 A CN 202011224931A CN 112453026 A CN112453026 A CN 112453026A
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage, which is characterized in that the household garbage is sequentially crushed, screened and screened into large-class objects and small-class objects; then sorting heavy objects and light objects by a specific gravity winnowing machine; then adding the light matters into a leaven for rapid fermentation, and carrying out aerobic fermentation on the biological organic matters in the light matters; screening the fermented light substances out of humus soil, drying the rest light substances, and then rubbing for dry cleaning; performing magnetic vortex separation on the materials subjected to the friction dry cleaning, and separating iron and nonferrous metal mixtures and plastic film substances; and finally, plasticizing and polymerizing the plastic film substances, then crushing and grinding the plastic film substances, and finally performing extrusion molding to obtain the plastic product. The comprehensive treatment process for recycling the household garbage separates plastic and film substances in the household garbage, and avoids the plastic substances from being treated into pollutants in other sorting treatment processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of household garbage sorting, in particular to a comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage.
Background
Most of the domestic garbage can be recycled, but various domestic garbage are mixed together, so that the recycling is difficult. The method generally adopted at present is to carry out classification treatment after simple screening, is difficult to carry out complete separation and cannot recycle the household garbage to the maximum extent.
In the related art, the household garbage is usually combusted, and a large amount of pollution and harmful substances are generated during combustion. Especially some plastics and other organic substances, cause pollution and waste of resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the invention provides a comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage.
The comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage comprises the following steps:
1) crushing, namely feeding the garbage into a crusher to crush, crushing large agglomerates, and cutting plastic bags and cloth strips;
2) conveying and screening, namely conveying the crushed garbage to a vibrating screen through a conveying magnetic separator, screening iron substances through the conveying magnetic separator, and screening the garbage into large substances and small substances through the vibrating screen;
3) specific gravity winnowing, namely separating heavy objects and light objects from the large objects by a specific gravity winnowing machine;
4) collecting and discharging, namely collecting and discharging light materials through a cyclone collector, wherein a dust collector is connected between an induced draft fan of the cyclone collector and an air outlet of the cyclone collector;
5) performing rapid fermentation, namely adding a leaven into the light matters after dust collection for rapid fermentation, and performing aerobic fermentation on biological organic matters in the light matters;
6) rubbing dry cleaning, namely screening rotten soil from the fermented light objects, drying the rest light objects, then rubbing dry cleaning, and collecting dust through a dust collection system in the rubbing dry cleaning process;
7) magnetic vortex separation, wherein the materials after being rubbed and dried are subjected to magnetic vortex separation, and iron and nonferrous metal mixtures and plastic film substances are separated;
8) and (3) plastic processing, namely plasticizing and polymerizing plastic film substances, then crushing and grinding the plastic film substances, and finally performing extrusion molding to obtain a plastic product.
According to the comprehensive treatment process for recycling the household garbage, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the household garbage is screened, plastic film substances can be separated out, plastic products can be obtained after treatment, the plastic substances can be independently recycled, and the plastic substances are prevented from being treated into pollutants in other sorting treatment processes.
In some embodiments, the small fraction screened in step 2) is sorted by magnetic vortex sorting to separate iron, non-ferrous metals and organic impurities.
In some embodiments, the organic debris is fermented for use as nutrient soil.
In some embodiments, the heavy materials separated in step 3) are separated by a magnetic vortex separator to separate iron, nonferrous metals and impurities, and the impurities are subjected to specific gravity separation to separate organic matters and inorganic solid matters.
In some embodiments, the organic matter is crushed and then dried by a dryer, the dried organic matter is subjected to anaerobic cracking by extruding closed oxygen feed into an anaerobic cracking furnace, and the organic matter is subjected to anaerobic cracking to produce carbon residue and combustible gas containing impurities.
In some embodiments, the combustible gas containing impurities is purified to obtain pure combustible gas, and the temperature of the combustible gas is kept above the condensation temperature of the impurities in the combustible gas before the purification and impurity removal.
In some embodiments, the char is cooled by a closed-draft blowdown discharge, the char is cooled for storage and reuse, and the purified fuel gas is delivered to a fuel gas supply station by a booster pump.
In some embodiments, the anaerobic cracking furnace is heated by using combustible gas, the combustible gas of the combustible gas supply station is conveyed to the anaerobic cracking furnace to be combusted for heat supply, and the tail gas after the combustible gas is combusted is discharged after reaching the standard.
In some embodiments, heat generated during the cooling of the char residue and the treatment of the tail gas is transferred to the dryer for reuse.
In some embodiments, the fine soil substances in the garbage are obtained by collecting dust in the steps 4) and 6), the air outlet of the induced draft fan of the cyclone collector in the step 4) is connected with the air inlet of the specific gravity sorting machine in the step 3), and the air outlet of the fan of the dust collecting system in the step 6) is also connected with the air inlet of the specific gravity sorting machine in the step 3).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 1:
the invention discloses a comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage, which specifically comprises the following steps of:
1) crushing, namely feeding the garbage into a crusher to crush, crushing large agglomerates, and cutting plastic bags and cloth strips;
2) conveying and screening, namely conveying the crushed garbage to a vibrating screen through a conveying magnetic separator, screening iron substances through the conveying magnetic separator, screening the garbage into large substances and small substances through the vibrating screen, sorting the screened small substances through a magnetic vortex sorting machine, sorting iron, nonferrous metals and organic impurities, and fermenting the organic impurities to be used as nutrient soil;
3) the specific gravity winnowing method comprises the following steps of (1) sorting heavy objects and light objects from a large object by a specific gravity winnowing machine, sorting the sorted heavy objects by a magnetic vortex sorting machine to sort iron, nonferrous metals and sundries, sorting the sundries by specific gravity, sorting organic substances and inorganic solid substances, crushing the organic substances, drying by a dryer, feeding the dried organic substances into an anaerobic cracking furnace by extrusion oxygen-cut feeding to perform anaerobic cracking, and generating carbon slag and combustible gas containing impurities after the anaerobic cracking of the organic substances;
4) collecting and discharging, namely collecting and discharging light materials through a cyclone collector, wherein a dust collector is connected between an induced draft fan of the cyclone collector and an air outlet of the cyclone collector;
5) performing rapid fermentation, namely adding a leaven into the light matters after dust collection for rapid fermentation, and performing aerobic fermentation on biological organic matters in the light matters;
6) rubbing dry cleaning, namely screening rotten soil from the fermented light objects, drying the rest light objects, then rubbing dry cleaning, and collecting dust and treating waste gas through a dust collection system in the rubbing dry cleaning process;
7) magnetic vortex separation, wherein the materials after being rubbed and dried are subjected to magnetic vortex separation, and iron and nonferrous metal mixtures and plastic film substances are separated;
8) and (3) plastic processing, namely plasticizing and polymerizing plastic film substances, then crushing and grinding the plastic film substances, and finally performing extrusion molding to obtain a plastic product.
According to the comprehensive treatment process for recycling the household garbage, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the household garbage is screened, and organic substances are subjected to anaerobic cracking to form combustible gas and carbon slag, so that the pollution can be reduced. According to the comprehensive treatment process for recycling the household garbage, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the plastic film substances are separated before anaerobic cracking, and the plastic products are obtained after treatment, so that the plastic substances can be recycled independently, the plastic substances are prevented from being melted and doped into combustible gas and carbon slag during anaerobic cracking, and the combustible gas and the carbon slag are enabled to be purer.
In some embodiments, the combustible gas containing impurities is purified to obtain pure combustible gas, the impurities contain water vapor, tar, dust and other substances, and the temperature of the combustible gas is kept above the condensation temperature of the tar and the water vapor in the combustible gas before the purification and impurity removal, so that the tar and the water vapor in the combustible gas are prevented from being cooled and condensed.
Furthermore, when filtering dust in combustible gas, inert gas (nitrogen or carbon dioxide) is used for back flushing to prevent explosion and deflagration.
In some embodiments, the char is cooled by a closed air blowdown discharge, the char is cooled for storage and reuse, and the purified fuel gas is transported by a booster pump to a fuel gas supply station for power generation, boiler firing, and the like. The invention can crack the organic substances in the household garbage into combustible gas, and can reduce pollution compared with the direct combustion or other treatment modes of the garbage.
Further, the anaerobic cracking furnace is heated by adopting combustible gas, the combustible gas of the combustible gas supply station is conveyed to the anaerobic cracking furnace for combustion and heat supply, and the tail gas after the combustion of the combustible gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
Further, heat generated in the processes of cooling the carbon slag and treating the tail gas is transmitted to the dryer for reuse. Therefore, the waste heat generated in the whole garbage treatment process can be fully utilized, and resources can be fully utilized.
In some embodiments, the fine soil substances in the garbage are obtained by dust collection in the step 4) and the step 6).
Further, an air outlet of a draught fan of the cyclone collector in the step 4) is connected with an air inlet of the specific gravity sorting machine in the step 3), and an air outlet of a draught fan of the dust collecting system in the step 6) is also connected with an air inlet of the specific gravity sorting machine in the step 3). Therefore, the invention can recover fine soil substances, avoid dust emission in the garbage treatment process and utilize the residual air in the cyclone collector and the dust collection system.
According to the comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage, provided by the embodiment of the invention, humus soil, inorganic solid substances, iron, nonferrous metals and fine soil substances are classified and collected in the sorting process.
Collecting dust in the step 4) and the step 6) to obtain fine soil substances in the garbage, wherein an air outlet of a draught fan of the cyclone collector in the step 4) is connected with an air inlet of the specific gravity sorting machine in the step 3), and an air outlet of a draught fan of the dust collecting system in the step 6) is also connected with an air inlet of the specific gravity sorting machine in the step 3).
The anaerobic cracking furnace of the comprehensive treatment process for recycling the household garbage adopts external heating, can adopt gas heating or electric heating, and has the temperature of 250-900 ℃.
According to the comprehensive treatment process for recycling the household garbage, the light substances remaining in the humus soil are screened out and dried, and the efficiency of friction dry cleaning can be improved.
According to the comprehensive treatment process for recycling the household garbage, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the organic substances are crushed and then dried by the dryer, so that the cracking efficiency of the anaerobic cracking furnace can be improved.
The cracked carbon slag is subjected to oxygen-closed cooling, extrusion, oxygen-isolation and discharge, and enters a plurality of groups of cooling systems for repeated cooling, the cooling systems are provided with oxygen-closed spraying water systems, and the carbon materials can also be cooled by spraying water, so that the discharged carbon materials are lower than 50 ℃, and the temperature of the cooling materials is prevented from being too high (because the temperature of the carbon slag is too high, the carbon in the carbon slag can be subjected to oxidation combustion reaction with oxygen); the cooled carbon residue is reused (used as fuel, and used as powdered carbon).
When the anaerobic cracking furnace is heated by adopting combustible gas, tail gas generated after the combustible gas is combusted enters a quenching temperature to reduce the temperature of the tail gas to be lower than 180 ℃. And (4) feeding the cooled tail gas into a high-temperature dust removal and filtration system, and collecting various dust contained in the tail gas. And collecting the filtered tail gas, and introducing the tail gas into a spraying system for spraying and deacidifying. Spraying the water and then entering an air-fog separation system to filter and remove water from the water in the air. And (4) treating the tail gas except water in an activated carbon adsorption system or other waste gas treatment technologies, and discharging the treated waste gas after reaching the standard through a draught fan and a chimney.
The anaerobic cracking furnace is carried out under the condition of closing air and isolating oxygen during feeding and discharging, so the anaerobic cracking furnace can carry out anaerobic high-temperature treatment on various organic and inorganic materials under the anaerobic condition, the highest temperature can reach 900 ℃, organic matters are rapidly cracked and gasified to generate combustible gas, carbon, a small amount of impurities and the like, and organic material high-molecular compounds are cracked and converted into low-molecular compounds (cracked combustible gas components, combustible gas such as alkanes, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, tar, water vapor and the like, for example, chlorine (Cl) elements in plastic materials generate hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas, and sulfur (S) elements generate (H2S)) under the high-temperature anaerobic condition. The anaerobic cracking is operated under the anaerobic condition, and no dioxin is generated due to the anaerobic condition (four basic conditions of dioxin generation, namely sufficient chlorine, oxygen, a catalyst and proper temperature, in the invention, the anaerobic cracking furnace is always in the anaerobic to anaerobic condition when in cracking, if trace oxygen atoms exist, the oxygen atoms are preferentially combined with C, H, the activity of heavy metals such as Cu, AL, Fe and the like is low, and the basic property of preferential oxidation is not existed; the generation of nitrogen oxides is suppressed even when the cracking is carried out under oxygen-free conditions.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) crushing, namely feeding the garbage into a crusher to crush, crushing large agglomerates, and cutting plastic bags and cloth strips;
2) conveying and screening, namely conveying the crushed garbage to a vibrating screen through a conveying magnetic separator, screening iron substances through the conveying magnetic separator, and screening the garbage into large substances and small substances through the vibrating screen;
3) specific gravity winnowing, namely separating heavy objects and light objects from the large objects by a specific gravity winnowing machine;
4) collecting and discharging, namely collecting and discharging light materials through a cyclone collector, wherein a dust collector is connected between an induced draft fan of the cyclone collector and an air outlet of the cyclone collector;
5) performing rapid fermentation, namely adding a leaven into the light matters after dust collection for rapid fermentation, and performing aerobic fermentation on biological organic matters in the light matters;
6) rubbing dry cleaning, namely screening rotten soil from the fermented light objects, drying the rest light objects, then rubbing dry cleaning, and collecting dust through a dust collection system in the rubbing dry cleaning process;
7) magnetic vortex separation, wherein the materials after being rubbed and dried are subjected to magnetic vortex separation, and iron and nonferrous metal mixtures and plastic film substances are separated;
8) and (3) plastic processing, namely plasticizing and polymerizing plastic film substances, then crushing and grinding the plastic film substances, and finally performing extrusion molding to obtain a plastic product.
2. The comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: sorting the small-sized objects screened in the step 2) by a magnetic vortex sorting machine to sort out iron, nonferrous metals and organic impurities.
3. The comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: and fermenting the organic impurities to be used as nutrient soil.
4. The comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: sorting the heavy objects sorted in the step 3) by a magnetic vortex sorting machine to sort out iron, nonferrous metals and sundries, sorting the sundries by specific gravity, and sorting out organic solid substances and inorganic solid substances.
5. The comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the organic substances are crushed and then dried by a dryer, the dried organic substances enter an anaerobic cracking furnace for anaerobic cracking through extrusion oxygen-cut feeding, and carbon residue and combustible gas containing impurities are generated after the anaerobic cracking of the organic substances.
6. The comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the combustible gas containing impurities is purified to obtain pure combustible gas, and the temperature of the combustible gas is kept above the condensation temperature of the impurities in the combustible gas before purification and impurity removal.
7. The comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: the carbon slag is cooled by discharging and discharging the air-closed material, the carbon slag is cooled, stored and reused, and the pure combustible gas is conveyed to a combustible gas supply station by a booster pump.
8. The comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the anaerobic cracking furnace is heated by adopting combustible gas, the combustible gas of the combustible gas supply station is conveyed to the anaerobic cracking furnace for combustion and heat supply, and the tail gas after the combustion of the combustible gas is discharged after reaching the standard.
9. The comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: and transferring heat generated in the carbon slag cooling and tail gas treatment processes to a dryer for reuse.
10. The comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage according to claim 9, which is characterized in that: collecting dust in the step 4) and the step 6) to obtain fine soil substances in the garbage, wherein an air outlet of a draught fan of the cyclone collector in the step 4) is connected with an air inlet of the specific gravity sorting machine in the step 3), and an air outlet of a draught fan of the dust collecting system in the step 6) is also connected with an air inlet of the specific gravity sorting machine in the step 3).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011224931.1A CN112453026A (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011224931.1A CN112453026A (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Comprehensive treatment process for recycling household garbage |
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| CN112453026A true CN112453026A (en) | 2021-03-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114210717A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-03-22 | 巨锋 | Recycling treatment method for old garbage |
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2020
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114210717A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-03-22 | 巨锋 | Recycling treatment method for old garbage |
| CN114210717B (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2024-03-08 | 巨锋 | Method for recycling aged garbage |
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Application publication date: 20210309 |