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CN112512129A - Underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium - Google Patents

Underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium Download PDF

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CN112512129A
CN112512129A CN202110058839.0A CN202110058839A CN112512129A CN 112512129 A CN112512129 A CN 112512129A CN 202110058839 A CN202110058839 A CN 202110058839A CN 112512129 A CN112512129 A CN 112512129A
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羊秋玲
董威
黄向党
陈艳霞
刘敬科
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Hainan University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
    • H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于纳什均衡的水下信道竞争机制的设计，主要包括下列步骤：建立系统模型：n个成员节点随机分布在一个主节点的传输范围内，成员节点和主节点被锚定在水下某一深度，通过水声通信链路进行通信，网络中所有节点时针同步；当一个节点在时刻0发送控制包时，将一个成员节点发送的控制包到达主节点的时刻建模[0，Tmax]上的均匀分布；将n个成员节点在同一时刻发送RTS控制包竞争信道的行为建模成一个非合作的信息不完全的博弈，并得到混合策略下的纳什均衡；所有成员节点根据得到的混合策略选择性的发送RTS控制包竞争信道。

Figure 202110058839

The invention relates to the design of an underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium. At a certain depth underwater, communicate through an underwater acoustic communication link, and all nodes in the network synchronize their clocks; when a node sends a control packet at time 0, the time when the control packet sent by a member node reaches the master node is modeled [0 , T max ]; the behavior of n member nodes sending RTS control packets to compete for the channel at the same time is modeled as a non-cooperative game with incomplete information, and the Nash equilibrium under the mixed strategy is obtained; all member nodes According to the obtained mixed strategy, the RTS control packet is selectively sent to compete for the channel.

Figure 202110058839

Description

Underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater wireless sensor network communication, and relates to an underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium.
Background
The underwater wireless sensor network uses the acoustic link to carry out communication between nodes, and the propagation speed of the sound wave under water is about 1500m/s, which is 5 orders of magnitude lower than that of the electromagnetic wave used on land, so that the underwater wireless sensor network has the characteristic of long propagation delay, the propagation distance of 1000m needs 0.67s of time, which is undoubtedly very long, and therefore the nodes cannot know the state of the channel in time. When a node senses that a channel is in an idle state, the channel may be occupied by other nodes at the moment, and if the node selects to send a message at the moment, collision may occur. The underwater sensor node works by using an acoustic modem, and the data packet has a long lead code, so that the transmission delay of the data packet is long, the time for a node to completely receive a data packet is long, and in the period of time, if other data packets just arrive at the node, collision can be generated, and the transmission of the data packet is failed. This situation is even more severe in heavily loaded underwater acoustic sensor networks. As shown in fig. 2, in the competitive MAC protocol, nodes reserve channels by sending RTS control packets, and when network load is large, collision becomes severe, which results in waste of energy and time, and therefore an underwater channel competition mechanism based on nash balance is designed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the collision probability is high under the condition of large network load faced by an underwater infinite sensor network, the invention provides an underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium. The invention can reduce the collision of control packets and improve the success rate of handshaking, thereby improving the throughput of the network, reducing the end-to-end delay and reducing the energy consumption. The technical scheme is as follows:
the design of an underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium comprises the following steps:
(1) the n member nodes are randomly distributed in the transmission range of a main node, the member nodes and the main node are anchored at a certain depth underwater and communicate through an underwater acoustic communication link, all the nodes in the network are synchronous in time, and all the nodes obtain the scale of the network, namely the number of the member nodes in the network, through information interaction in an initialization stage; the behavior that all member nodes send RTS control packets to compete for the channel every time starts at the same time;
(2) when member nodes are uniformly distributed in the transmission range of the main node, when one node transmits a control packet at the time 0, the time when the control packet transmitted by one member node reaches the main node is modeled as [0, T [ ]max]So that the collision probability of two arbitrary member nodes sending control packets at the same time on the master node can be expressed as
Figure 593693DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
；
(3) The behavior that n member nodes send RTS control packets to compete for a channel at the same time is modeled into a non-cooperative game with incomplete information, a mixed strategy of the nodes at the beginning of one round of communication is set as (P, 1-P), wherein P is the probability of selective sending, and because each member node is a symmetric game party, when any member node sends the RTS control packet, the expectation of main node collision is that
Figure 671371DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The pay function is Y = P.P1 .S+P(1-P1) F + (1-P) W, so that a Nash equilibrium under a hybrid strategy of (P, 1-P) can be obtained, wherein
Figure 844863DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
S represents that the data sent by the node is successfully paid, W represents that the node waits for the payment which is not sent, and F represents that the node sends the payment which generates collision;
(4) and all the member nodes selectively send the RTS control packet competition channel according to the obtained mixed strategy, namely, a probability P sends the RTS control packet competition channel.
The invention provides an underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium, each node is taken as a game party, the behavior of sending an RTS control packet competition channel at the same time is modeled into a non-cooperative game with incomplete information, so that Nash equilibrium under a mixed strategy is obtained, and the nodes compete for the channel according to the mixed strategy, so that the handshake efficiency and the throughput are improved.
Drawings
In order to clearly illustrate the underwater channel competition mechanism based on nash equalization designed by the present invention, the following detailed explanation is made on the drawings involved in the present invention.
Fig. 1 is an application scenario for a channel contention mechanism designed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of data collisions caused by long transmission delays of data packets;
fig. 3 is a discrete probability distribution list of probabilities that no collision occurs.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention provides an underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium, wherein each node is taken as a game party, the behavior of sending an RTS control packet competition channel at the same time is modeled into a non-cooperative game with incomplete information, so that Nash equilibrium under a mixed strategy is obtained, and the nodes compete for the channel according to the mixed strategy, so that the collision of control packets is reduced, and the success rate of handshake and the throughput of a network are improved.
The underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium is provided for a single-hop wireless sensor network communication scene based on a cluster structure, namely n member nodes are randomly distributed in the transmission range of a main node, the member nodes and the main node are anchored at a certain depth underwater and communicate through an underwater acoustic communication link, all nodes in the network are synchronous in time, all nodes obtain the scale of the network through information interaction in an initialization stage, the member nodes send collected data to the main node through the underwater acoustic link, and the main node forwards the data to a water surface gateway node through the underwater acoustic link after processing the data. The specific operation flow is directed to a single cluster consisting of n member nodes and a master node.
The specific operation flow of the invention is as follows:
(1) the n member nodes are randomly distributed in the transmission range of a main node, the member nodes and the main node are anchored at a certain depth underwater and communicate through an underwater acoustic communication link, all the nodes in the network are synchronous in time, and all the nodes obtain the scale of the network, namely the number of the member nodes in the network, through information interaction in an initialization stage; the behavior that all member nodes send RTS control packets to compete for the channel every time starts at the same time;
(2) when member nodes are uniformly distributed in the transmission range of the main node, when one node transmits a control packet at the time 0, the time when the control packet transmitted by one member node reaches the main node is modeled as [0, T [ ]max]So that the collision probability of two arbitrary member nodes sending control packets at the same time on the master node can be expressed as
Figure 527648DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
；
(3) The behavior that n member nodes send RTS control packets to compete for a channel at the same time is modeled into a non-cooperative game with incomplete information, a mixing strategy of the nodes at the beginning of one round of communication is set to be (P, 1-P), wherein P is the probability of selective sending, and as each member node is a symmetrical game party, the mixing strategy of each node is the same. After any member node i sends data, if m sending nodes send data in n-1 sending nodes in the transmission range of the main node, the probability that the m sending nodes cannot influence the receiving of the node i at the main node is equal to
Figure 495604DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Then at the same time, the probability that m sending nodes transmit data simultaneously is
Figure 306916DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Thus, the discrete distribution column of fig. 3 may be obtained, so that when any one member node sends an RTS control packet, the expectation of a primary node collision is
Figure 752940DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Then the pay function for i is Y = P.P1 .S+P(1-P1) F + (1-P) W, derived from P
Figure 618128DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Then, a Nash equilibrium under a hybrid strategy of (P, 1-P) can be obtained, wherein
Figure 756986DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
S represents that the data sent by the node is successfully paid, W represents that the node waits for the payment which is not sent, and F represents that the node sends the payment which generates collision;
(4) and all the member nodes selectively send the RTS control packet competition channel according to the obtained mixed strategy, namely, the probability P sends the RTS control packet competition channel.

Claims (1)

1.一种基于纳什均衡的水下信道竞争机制的设计，包括下列步骤：1. A design of an underwater channel competition mechanism based on Nash equilibrium, comprising the following steps: （1）n个成员节点随机分布在一个主节点的传输范围内，成员节点和主节点被锚定在水下某一深度，通过水声通信链路进行通信，网络中所有节点时针同步，在初始化阶段所有节点通过信息交互获得网络的规模，也就是网络中成员节点的数量；所有成员节点每次发送RTS控制包竞争信道的行为都是在同一时刻开始的；(1) n member nodes are randomly distributed within the transmission range of a master node. The member nodes and the master node are anchored at a certain depth underwater, and communicate through the underwater acoustic communication link. In the initialization phase, all nodes obtain the scale of the network through information exchange, that is, the number of member nodes in the network; every time all member nodes send RTS control packets to compete for the channel, they start at the same time; （2）当成员节点均匀分布在主节点的传输范围内时，当一个节点在时刻0发送控制包时，将一个成员节点发送的控制包到达主节点的时刻建模[0，Tmax]上的均匀分布，从而在主节点上，两个任意成员节点同时发送控制包的碰撞概率可以表示为
Figure 356238DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，其中Tmax为网络的最大传播时延，TC为控制包的传输时延；(2) When the member nodes are evenly distributed in the transmission range of the master node, when a node sends a control packet at time 0, the time when the control packet sent by a member node reaches the master node is modeled on [0, T max ] The uniform distribution of , so that on the master node, the collision probability of two arbitrary member nodes sending control packets at the same time can be expressed as
Figure 356238DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
, where T max is the maximum propagation delay of the network, and T C is the transmission delay of the control packet; （3）将n个成员节点在同一时刻发送RTS控制包竞争信道的行为建模成一个非合作的信息不完全的博弈，设节点在一轮通信的开始的混合策略为（P，1-P），其中P为选择发送的概率，由于每个成员节点都是对称的博弈方，于是任意一个成员节点发送RTS控制包时，在主节点碰撞的期望为
Figure 26254DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
，支付函数为Y=P.P1 .S+P(1-P1)F+(1-P)W，于是可以得到混合策略下的纳什均衡为（P，1-P），其中
Figure 531053DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
，S代表节点发送数据成功的支付，W代表节点等待不发送的支付，F代表节点发送产生碰撞的支付；(3) Model the behavior of n member nodes sending RTS control packets to compete for the channel at the same time as a non-cooperative game with incomplete information, and set the mixed strategy of nodes at the beginning of a round of communication as (P, 1-P ), where P is the probability of choosing to send. Since each member node is a symmetric player, when any member node sends an RTS control packet, the expectation of the master node collision is
Figure 26254DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, the payoff function is Y=P . P 1 . S+P(1-P 1 )F+(1-P)W, so the Nash equilibrium under the mixed strategy can be obtained as (P, 1-P), where
Figure 531053DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
, S represents the payment that the node sends data successfully, W represents the payment that the node waits for not to send, and F represents the payment that the node sends the collision; （4）所有成员节点根据得到的混合策略选择性的发送RTS控制包竞争信道，也就是一概论P发送RTS控制包竞争信道。(4) All member nodes selectively send RTS control packets to compete for the channel according to the obtained mixed strategy, that is, in general, P sends RTS control packets to compete for the channel.
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