CN112595435A - High-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer - Google Patents
High-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112595435A CN112595435A CN202011462545.6A CN202011462545A CN112595435A CN 112595435 A CN112595435 A CN 112595435A CN 202011462545 A CN202011462545 A CN 202011462545A CN 112595435 A CN112595435 A CN 112595435A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
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Abstract
一种基于光纤强倏逝场干涉仪的高灵敏测温解调传感系统，其包括的光纤分路装置的一端与光源、解调仪均连接，光纤分路装置的另一端与干涉仪的一端相连接，干涉仪的另一端与光反射器件相串联，包层的中部外包裹有热光材料，应用时，光源发出的入射光经过干涉仪产生干涉光谱，热光材料同时增敏，干涉光谱经光反射器件后，干涉光谱中的传感峰会被反射回干涉仪，热光材料再次增敏，增敏后的传感峰再经光纤分路装置发至解调仪，然后由解调仪对反射光谱进行寻峰处理，实现自动解调。本设计不仅能兼具高灵敏度、容易解调的双重优点，而且便于封装固定，抗干扰能力较强。
A high-sensitivity temperature measurement and demodulation sensing system based on an optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer. One end is connected, the other end of the interferometer is connected in series with the light reflection device, and the middle of the cladding is wrapped with a thermo-optic material. During application, the incident light emitted by the light source passes through the interferometer to generate an interference spectrum, and the thermo-optic material simultaneously sensitizes and interferes. After the spectrum passes through the light reflection device, the sensing peak in the interference spectrum is reflected back to the interferometer, the thermo-optic material is sensitized again, and the sensitized sensing peak is sent to the demodulator through the optical fiber branching device, and then the The instrument performs peak-finding processing on the reflection spectrum to realize automatic demodulation. This design not only has the dual advantages of high sensitivity and easy demodulation, but also is easy to package and fix, and has strong anti-interference ability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical fiber sensing temperature measurement system, belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, also belongs to the crossing field of material science and photoelectronic technology, and particularly relates to a high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on an optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer.
Background
Since the 70 s of the 20 th century, optical fiber temperature measurement has become the most advanced technology for detecting temperature, and is generally applied to temperature detection due to the advantage of being not easily subjected to electromagnetic interference. The optical fiber temperature measurement technology is very simple and convenient to operate, and the optical fiber has the advantages of strong transmission performance and electromagnetic interference resistance, so that the optical fiber temperature measurement technology is widely used in operation in various environments. The technology is very favored by many developed countries abroad, and gradually replaces the traditional temperature detection technology, so that the optical fiber technology is widely applied.
However, the existing optical fiber temperature sensor is difficult to have the advantages of high sensitivity and convenience in demodulation, and causes obstacles to popularization and application.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the patent application and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and problems that the prior art cannot have high sensitivity and is convenient to demodulate, and provides a high-sensitivity temperature-measuring demodulation sensing system based on an optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer, which has high sensitivity and is convenient to demodulate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows: a high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on an optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer comprises an optical fiber shunt device, an outer wrapping layer, an interferometer, a light reflection device and a demodulator, wherein the interferometer comprises a wrapping layer and a plurality of fiber cores arranged in the wrapping layer;
one end of the optical fiber branching device is connected with the light source and the demodulator, the other end of the optical fiber branching device is connected with one end of the interferometer, the other end of the interferometer is connected with the light reflection device in series, an outer wrapping layer is wrapped outside the middle of the wrapping layer, and the outer wrapping layer is made of thermo-optic materials.
The optical fiber branching device is a 2 x 2 coupler parallel refractive index sensor or a 2 x 1 optical switch.
The light reflection device is a fiber Bragg grating, a broadband Bragg grating or a nano silver reflection film with a modified surface.
The wave band selection width of the light reflection device is 1.1-1.6 times of the free spectrum width of a sensing peak of the interferometer.
The central wavelength range of the wave band of the light reflection device is 1.2-2.0 times of the wavelength range of the sensing peak of the interferometer.
The absolute value of the thermo-optic coefficient of the thermo-optic material is more than 3 x 104The refractive index is 1.38-1.43, and the surface tension is 20.6-21.2 mN/m.
The thermo-optic material is polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, magnesium fluoride or polyurethane.
The interferometer comprises a left optical fiber section, a left conical section, a straight waist section, a right conical section and a right optical fiber section, wherein one end of the left optical fiber section is connected with the optical fiber branching device, and the other end of the left optical fiber section is connected with the light reflecting device in series after passing through the left conical section, the straight waist section, the right conical section and the right optical fiber section in sequence; the diameters of the left optical fiber section and the right optical fiber section are consistent, and the diameter of the straight waist section is 1/10-1/20 of the diameter of the left optical fiber section;
the outer parts of the part close to the left conical section on the left optical fiber section, the left conical section, the straight waist section, the right conical section and the part close to the right conical section on the right optical fiber section are wrapped with the same outer wrapping layer.
The number of the fiber cores is seven, the fiber cores comprise a middle core and six peripheral cores, and all the peripheral cores are uniformly distributed around the middle core in a regular hexagon.
The outside of the outer wrapping layer is wrapped with a capillary metal pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention relates to a high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on an optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer, which mainly comprises an optical fiber branching device, an outer wrapping layer, an interferometer, a light reflection device and a demodulator, wherein the interferometer comprises a wrapping layer and a plurality of fiber cores arranged in the wrapping layer, one end of the optical fiber branching device is connected with a light source and the demodulator, the other end of the optical fiber branching device is connected with one end of the interferometer, the other end of the interferometer is connected with the light reflection device in series, the outer wrapping layer (thermal light material) is wrapped outside the middle part of the wrapping layer, when in application, incident light emitted by the light source generates an interference spectrum (the thermal light material simultaneously amplifies the influence of the ambient temperature on the wavelength of the interference spectrum) through the interferometer, after the interference spectrum passes through the light reflection device, a sensing peak in the interference spectrum can be reflected back to the interferometer (the thermal light material simultaneously amplifies the influence of the ambient temperature on the wavelength of the interference spectrum, and then sent to the demodulator through the optical fiber branching device, the peak searching processing is carried out on the reflection spectrum by the demodulator, the automatic demodulation is carried out, the wavelength data can be converted into temperature data by utilizing mathematical analysis, the measurement precision is higher, the use is more convenient and faster, and the optical integration is easier. Therefore, the invention not only can improve the sensitivity of temperature measurement, but also can realize on-line real-time automatic demodulation, thereby having the double advantages of high sensitivity and convenient demodulation.
2. In the high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer, the middle part of the inner cladding of the interferometer is wrapped with the outer wrapping layer, the outer wrapping layer is made of thermo-optic material, when in use, the temperature change of the external environment can cause the refractive index of the thermo-optic material to generate corresponding linear change, the refractive index change of the thermo-optic material can cause the wavelength of the interference spectrum generated by the interferometer to shift, so that a linear relation is established between the external environment temperature and the wavelength of the interference spectrum, further overcomes the defect of low temperature sensitivity of the bare fiber interferometer, realizes sensitivity enhancement, and in addition, when incident light passes through the interferometer for the first time, and when the light is reflected back to the interferometer by the light reflection device, sensitization and double superposition can be obtained, and the sensing peak intensity of the interference spectrum is greatly increased, so that the sensitivity is greatly improved. Therefore, the invention can not only monitor the temperature of the environment, but also has higher sensitivity.
3. In the high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer, the capillary metal tube is wrapped outside the outer wrapping layer, and when the high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system is applied, the capillary metal tube can protect and package the outer wrapping layer (namely a thermo-optic material), so that the defect of flexibility of the thermo-optic material is overcome, the response time can be shortened, the interference of vibration or pressure on sensing is avoided, and the on-line real-time high-precision demodulation is favorably realized. Therefore, the invention is convenient for packaging and fixing, has stronger anti-interference capability and is beneficial to realizing high-precision monitoring.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the interferometer of FIG. 1 in combination with an outer cladding layer.
Fig. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the interferometer of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of fig. 4.
FIG. 6 is a comparative graph showing the temperature sensitivity of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a comparative schematic diagram of the sensing peak band of example 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: the fiber bragg grating interferometer comprises an outer wrapping layer 1, an interferometer 2, a cladding 21, a fiber core 22, a middle core 221, a peripheral core 222, a left optical fiber section 23, a left conical section 24, a straight waist section 25, a right conical section 26, a right optical fiber section 27, a light reflecting device 3, a capillary metal tube 4, a light source 5, an end-sealing sleeve head 6, a thermo-optic material pouring window 7, a demodulator 8 and an optical fiber branching device 9.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following description and embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-5, a high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on an optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer comprises an optical fiber branching device 9, an outer wrapping layer 1, an interferometer 2, a light reflection device 3 and a demodulator 8, wherein the interferometer 2 comprises a wrapping layer 21 and a plurality of fiber cores 22 arranged in the wrapping layer;
one end of the optical fiber branching device 9 is connected with the light source 5 and the demodulator 8, the other end of the optical fiber branching device 9 is connected with one end of the interferometer 2, the other end of the interferometer 2 is connected with the light reflection device 3 in series, the middle of the cladding 21 is wrapped with an outer wrapping layer 1, and the outer wrapping layer 1 is made of a thermo-optic material.
The optical fiber branching device 9 is a 2 × 2 coupler parallel refractive index sensor or a 2 × 1 optical switch.
The light reflection device 3 is a fiber Bragg grating, a broadband Bragg grating or a nano silver reflection film with a modified surface.
The wave band selection width of the light reflection device 3 is 1.1-1.6 times of the free spectrum width of the sensing peak of the interferometer 2.
The central wavelength range of the wave band of the light reflection device 3 is 1.2-2.0 times of the wavelength range of the sensing peak of the interferometer 2.
The absolute value of the thermo-optic coefficient of the thermo-optic material is more than 3 x 104The refractive index is 1.38-1.43, and the surface tension is 20.6-21.2 mN/m.
The thermo-optic material is polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, magnesium fluoride or polyurethane.
The interferometer 2 comprises a left optical fiber section 23, a left conical section 24, a straight waist section 25, a right conical section 26 and a right optical fiber section 27, one end of the left optical fiber section 23 is connected with the optical fiber branching device 9, and the other end of the left optical fiber section 23 passes through the left conical section 24, the straight waist section 25, the right conical section 26 and the right optical fiber section 27 in sequence and then is connected with the light reflecting device 3 in series; the diameters of the left optical fiber section 23 and the right optical fiber section 27 are consistent, and the diameter of the straight waist section 25 is 1/10-1/20 of the diameter of the left optical fiber section 23; the same outer wrapping layer 1 is wrapped outside the part, close to the left conical section 24, on the left optical fiber section 23, the left conical section 24, the straight waist section 25, the right conical section 26 and the part, close to the right conical section 26, on the right optical fiber section 27.
The number of the fiber cores 22 is seven, and includes a central core 221 and six peripheral cores 222, and all the peripheral cores 222 are uniformly distributed around the central core 221 in a regular hexagon. Preferably, the diameter of the fiber core 22 is 9 μm, the distance between adjacent fiber cores 22 is 35 μm, the diameters of the left fiber section 23 and the right fiber section 27 are 125 μm, and the diameter of the straight waist section 25 is 6 μm to 15 μm.
The outside of the outer wrapping layer 1 is wrapped with a capillary metal pipe 4.
The principle of the invention is illustrated as follows:
the light reflection device in the invention is a waveband selective light reflection device. When the device is applied, the spectrum within the wavelength range of the interference spectrum sensing peak is reflected by selecting a proper waveband selective light reflection device, so that the peak searching processing of the reflection spectrum by a demodulator is facilitated, and the automatic demodulation is realized.
In the invention, the optical fiber is heated, melted and tapered into a micro-nano size, so that an evanescent field (comprising a left tapered section 24, a straight waist section 25 and a right tapered section 26, especially a strong evanescent field is formed on the surface of the straight waist section 25) is formed on the surface of the optical fiber, thereby obtaining an interferometer, then the interferometer is contacted with a thermo-optic material (namely an outer wrapping layer), and finally, a capillary metal tube is used for packaging. When the interferometer is applied, interference spectrum is generated when light passes through the interferometer, and at the moment, the effective refractive index of the interferometer is changed due to the change of the external temperature or the refractive index, so that the wavelength drift of the interference spectrum is caused, and the change of the external temperature or the refractive index is induced. However, since the thermo-optic coefficient of silicon dioxide is small and the temperature sensitivity of the interferometer is low, the design mainly focuses on the change of the external refractive index, and therefore, the thermo-optic material is wrapped outside the interferometer, namely, the relation between the change of the refractive index of the thermo-optic material and the wavelength drift is focused, and the linear change of the refractive index of the thermo-optic material is caused by the change of the external environmental temperature of the thermo-optic material, so that a linear corresponding relation is established between the external environmental temperature and the wavelength drift.
The refractive index of the thermo-optic material is 1.3907-1.4125 and the temperature is 10-60 ℃.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1-5, a high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on an optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer, the fiber grating interferometer comprises an optical fiber branching device 9, an outer wrapping layer 1, an interferometer 2, a light reflecting device 3 and a demodulator 8, wherein the interferometer 2 comprises a wrapping layer 21 and seven fiber cores 22 (comprising a middle core 221 and six peripheral cores 222, all the peripheral cores 222 are uniformly distributed around the middle core 221 in a regular hexagon) arranged in the wrapping layer, the interferometer 2 comprises a left optical fiber section 23, a left tapered section 24, a straight waist section 25, a right tapered section 26 and a right optical fiber section 27, one end of the left optical fiber section 23 is connected with one end of the optical fiber branching device 9, the other end of the optical fiber branching device 9 is connected with the light source 5 and the demodulator 8, and the other end of the left optical fiber section 23 passes through the left conical section 24, the straight waist section 25, the right conical section 26 and the right optical fiber section 27 in sequence and then is connected with the light reflection device 3 in series; the diameters of the left optical fiber section 23 and the right optical fiber section 27 are consistent, and the diameter of the straight waist section 25 is 1/10-1/20 of the diameter of the left optical fiber section 23; the outer parts of the positions, close to the left conical section 24, on the left optical fiber section 23, the left conical section 24, the straight waist section 25, the right conical section 26 and the position, close to the right conical section 26, on the right optical fiber section 27 are wrapped with the same outer wrapping layer 1, and the outer wrapping layer 1 is made of a thermo-optic material (polydimethylsiloxane in the embodiment).
According to experimental data, the sensitivity of the demodulation sensing system can reach 14338 pm/DEG C, compared with a bare fiber MZI, the sensitivity is increased by 500 times, and the precision can reach 0.001 ℃ at most.
Referring to fig. 6, which is a comparison diagram of temperature sensitivity of the present embodiment 1, it can be seen that the sensitivity of the sensing system to temperature is greatly increased after the polydimethylsiloxane is wrapped.
Referring to fig. 7, the graph shows the transmission spectrum (dotted line) of the interferometer collected by the spectrometer and the reflection spectrum (solid line) collected by the demodulator in the present design at 15 ℃, compared with each other, the amplitude of the interference spectrum in the reflection spectrum is obviously increased, which is more beneficial to demodulation by the demodulator, and thus, the real-time on-line automatic demodulation is facilitated.
Example 2:
the basic contents are the same as example 1, except that:
the thermo-optic material is magnesium fluoride, and the interferometer 2 is a tapered single-mode fiber interferometer.
Example 3:
the basic contents are the same as example 1, except that:
the thermo-optical material is polyurethane, the interferometer 2 is a tapered seven-core optical fiber interferometer, and the optical fiber branching device 9 is a 2 x 1 optical switch.
Example 4:
the basic contents are the same as example 1, except that:
the optical fiber branching device 9 adopts a 2 multiplied by 2 coupler to connect the refractive index sensor in parallel, so that the temperature refractive index double-parameter high-sensitivity measurement is realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art according to the present disclosure should be included in the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on an optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer is characterized in that: the on-line temperature measurement demodulation sensing system comprises an optical fiber branching device (9), an outer wrapping layer (1), an interferometer (2), a light reflecting device (3) and a demodulator (8), wherein the interferometer (2) comprises a wrapping layer (21) and a plurality of fiber cores (22) arranged in the wrapping layer;
the one end of optic fibre branching device (9) all is connected with light source (5), demodulator (8), and the other end of optic fibre branching device (9) is connected with the one end of interferometer (2), and the other end and the light reflection device (3) of interferometer (2) are established ties mutually, the outer parcel of middle part of cladding (21) has outer parcel layer (1), and this outer parcel layer (1) is the thermophoto material.
2. The high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber branching device (9) is a 2 x 2 coupler parallel refractive index sensor or a 2 x 1 optical switch.
3. The high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the light reflection device (3) is a fiber Bragg grating, a broadband Bragg grating or a nano silver reflection film with a modified surface.
4. The high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the wave band selection width of the light reflection device (3) is 1.1-1.6 times of the free spectrum width of a sensing peak of the interferometer (2).
5. The high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the central wavelength range of the wave band of the light reflection device (3) is 1.2-2.0 times of the wavelength range of the sensing peak of the interferometer (2).
6. The high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the absolute value of the thermo-optic coefficient of the thermo-optic material is more than 3 x 104The refractive index is 1.38-1.43, and the surface tension is 20.6-21.2 mN/m.
7. The high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the thermo-optic material is polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, magnesium fluoride or polyurethane.
8. The high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the interferometer (2) comprises a left optical fiber section (23), a left conical section (24), a straight waist section (25), a right conical section (26) and a right optical fiber section (27), one end of the left optical fiber section (23) is connected with the optical fiber branching device (9), and the other end of the left optical fiber section (23) sequentially passes through the left conical section (24), the straight waist section (25), the right conical section (26) and the right optical fiber section (27) and then is connected with the light reflection device (3) in series; the diameters of the left optical fiber section (23) and the right optical fiber section (27) are consistent, and the diameter of the straight waist section (25) is 1/10-1/20 of the diameter of the left optical fiber section (23);
the outer portions of the positions, close to the left conical section (24), on the left optical fiber section (23), the left conical section (24), the straight waist section (25), the right conical section (26) and the position, close to the right conical section (26), on the right optical fiber section (27) are wrapped with the same outer wrapping layer (1) together.
9. The high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the number of the fiber cores (22) is seven, the fiber cores comprise a middle core (221) and six peripheral cores (222), and all the peripheral cores (222) are uniformly distributed around the middle core (221) in a regular hexagon shape.
10. The high-sensitivity temperature measurement demodulation sensing system based on the optical fiber strong evanescent field interferometer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the outer part of the outer wrapping layer (1) is wrapped with a capillary metal pipe (4).
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