Shaping die carrier and finishing machine thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of conventional shaping devices for powder metallurgy products, and particularly relates to a shaping die carrier and a finishing machine thereof.
Background
The traditional powder metallurgy shaping process generally adopts a mechanical or hydraulic punch press, a shaping die is arranged between an upper panel and a lower panel, and a certain pressure is applied to a product by adjusting the position degree of the shaping die so as to improve the size, the surface hardness and the contour precision of the product. However, the parallelism of the currently produced product is within 0.02mm, and the flatness is within 0.01 mm. It is difficult to adjust the product tolerance to the median value. The quality of the product can not completely meet the requirements, the precision of most punching machines is more than 2 threads, the prior art can not completely meet the technical requirements on drawings, and the following defects are mainly existed:
1. the precision of the shaping punch is not enough, and the consistency of the product precision cannot be ensured. Such as: the parallelism is less than 0.02mm, and the planeness is less than 0.01 mm.
2. The efficiency of shaping and replacing the die is too low, and the average time is 1 to 4 hours
3. The production efficiency of the conventional automatic shaping machine is low, 2000/class
4. The artificial shaping has potential safety hazard.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem, the invention provides a shaping die carrier and a finishing machine thereof, and the shaping precision can be improved by arranging the shaping die carrier; the shaping machine can improve the production efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a shaping die carrier comprises a die carrier upper plate, a connecting plate and a die carrier lower plate, wherein the die carrier upper plate, the connecting plate and the die carrier lower plate are sequentially connected through guide posts from top to bottom; springs are arranged between the die carrier upper plate and the connecting plate and between the connecting plate and the die carrier lower plate; a shaping sleeve is fixed on the connecting plate, an upper shaping core rod is fixed on the upper plate of the die carrier, and the upper shaping core rod extends into the shaping sleeve through the upper part of the shaping sleeve; a lower shaping core rod is fixed on the lower plate of the die carrier and extends into the shaping sleeve through the lower part of the shaping sleeve; the middle part of the shaping sleeve is provided with a radial through hole, and products can enter the shaping sleeve or move out of the shaping sleeve through the radial through hole.
The guide post is equipped with four, and the spring housing is established on the guide post.
The guide post is provided with a positioning hoop, the positioning hoop is located between the die carrier upper plate and the connecting plate, and the movement of the die carrier upper plate is limited through the positioning hoop.
The upper shaping core rod is connected with the upper plate of the die frame through an upper fixing bolt; the lower shaping core rod is connected with the lower die frame plate through a lower fixing bolt.
A finishing machine comprises a feeding and discharging mechanism and a shaping die carrier; the feeding and discharging mechanism comprises a frame body, and a conveying mechanism, a feeding mechanism and a discharging mechanism which are arranged on the frame body, and is used for conveying products into the shaping sleeve or moving the products out of the shaping sleeve; and transferring the product to the conveying mechanism through the feeding mechanism, and taking out the product on the conveying mechanism through the discharging mechanism.
The conveying mechanism comprises an annular track and a clamping sleeve for fixing a product, the annular track is fixed on the frame body, and the clamping sleeve is positioned in the annular track and can move along the annular track; the turning positions of the annular rails are provided with material pushing cylinders, and the cutting sleeves are pushed to move along the annular rails through the material pushing cylinders; the cylinder body of the material pushing cylinder is fixedly connected with the annular rail or the frame body.
The cutting sleeve comprises a cutting sleeve body and a spring pin, wherein a placing through hole is formed in the middle of the cutting sleeve body, the spring pin is arranged on the cutting sleeve body, and one end of the spring pin can extend into the placing through hole; and conveying belts are arranged at the feeding mechanism and the discharging mechanism.
The feeding mechanism comprises a feeding frame, a transverse moving mechanism and a longitudinal moving mechanism, the feeding frame is fixedly connected with a frame body, the transverse moving mechanism is fixed on the feeding frame, the longitudinal moving mechanism is connected with the transverse moving mechanism, the longitudinal moving mechanism is driven by the transverse moving mechanism to move transversely, the longitudinal moving mechanism is connected with a finger cylinder, the longitudinal moving mechanism drives the finger cylinder to move longitudinally, and a product is clamped by the finger cylinder.
The blanking mechanism comprises a blanking frame and a blanking cylinder, the blanking frame is fixedly connected with the frame body, and a cylinder body of the blanking cylinder is fixedly connected with the blanking frame; and a discharge hole is formed in the conveying mechanism, and the product is ejected out of the discharge hole through a discharging cylinder.
The discharge hole is provided with a buffer cylinder, and the lower end of the buffer cylinder is hinged with a speed-reducing turning plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the die carrier upper plate, the connecting plate and the die carrier lower plate are connected through the guide columns, so that the precision in the shaping moving process can be guaranteed as long as the processing precision of the die carrier upper plate, the connecting plate, the die carrier lower plate and the guide columns is guaranteed, the defect that the precision of an existing press is not enough is overcome, and the shaping precision of a product can be finally guaranteed.
The middle part of the shaping sleeve is provided with a radial through hole, and a product can enter the shaping sleeve or move out of the shaping sleeve through the radial through hole; the radial through holes are arranged to facilitate the product to enter and exit.
The die set upper plate is prevented from excessively moving by limiting the movement of the die set upper plate through the positioning clamp.
Can replace the manual work to carry out the material loading through last unloading mechanism to reduce intensity of labour and potential safety hazard, and can improve work efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the sizing die carrier of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a one-way half-sectional view of the sizing die carrier of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a half-sectional view of the inventive sizing die set in another orientation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the orthopedic brace of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the finishing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the finishing machine of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the loading and unloading mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an isometric view of the loading and unloading mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a loading mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the loading mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the construction of the transport mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the construction of the buffer container of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic half-section view of FIG. 13;
fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of the ferrule of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a half-section of the ferrule;
wherein: 1, a shaping die frame, 10, an upper die frame plate, 100, an upper fixing bolt, 11, a connecting plate, 110, a lower fixing bolt, 12, a lower die frame plate, 13, a guide post, 14, a spring, 15, a shaping sleeve, 150, a radial through hole, 16, an upper shaping core rod, 17, a lower shaping core rod and 18, wherein the upper die frame plate is a die frame, the upper die frame plate is a die frame plate, the upper fixing bolt is an upper fixing bolt, the lower; 2 is the feeding and discharging mechanism, 20 is the frame body, 21 is the conveying mechanism, 210 is the circular orbit, 211 is the cutting ferrule, 2110 is the cutting ferrule body, 2111 is the spring pin, 2112 is for placing the through hole, 212 is for pushing away the material cylinder, 213 is the discharge opening, 22 is the feeding mechanism, 220 is the feeding frame, 221 is the sideslip mechanism, 222 is the vertical movement mechanism, 223 is the finger cylinder, 23 is the unloading mechanism, 230 is the unloading frame, 231 is the unloading cylinder, 24 is the conveyer belt, 25 is the cushion cylinder, 251 is the speed reduction board turnover, 252 is the balancing weight.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the reshaping die carrier comprises a die carrier upper plate 10, a connecting plate 11 and a die carrier lower plate 12, wherein the die carrier upper plate 10, the connecting plate 11 and the die carrier lower plate 12 are sequentially connected through guide posts 13 from top to bottom, the die carrier lower plate 12 is fixedly connected with the guide posts 13, the die carrier upper plate 10 and the connecting plate 11 are both in sliding connection with the guide posts 13, and the die carrier upper plate 10 and the connecting plate 11 can both slide along the guide posts 13; springs 14 are arranged between the die carrier upper plate 10 and the connecting plate 11 and between the connecting plate 11 and the die carrier lower plate 12; the spring 14 is provided to perform a restoring function on one hand and to ensure uniform stress on the other hand.
A shaping sleeve 15 is fixed on the connecting plate 11, an upper shaping mandrel 16 is fixed on the die carrier upper plate 10, and the upper shaping mandrel 16 extends into the shaping sleeve 15 through the upper part of the shaping sleeve 15; a lower shaping core rod 17 is fixed on the lower die carrier plate 12, and the lower shaping core rod 17 extends into the shaping sleeve 15 through the lower part of the shaping sleeve 15; the shaping operation is realized by the cooperation of the upper shaping mandrel 16, the lower shaping mandrel 17 and the shaping sleeve 15.
The middle part of the shaping sleeve is provided with a radial through hole 150, and products can enter the shaping sleeve or be removed from the shaping sleeve through the radial through hole 150.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in order to ensure the shaping accuracy, the above components need to ensure the machining accuracy. When the shaping die carrier is used, the whole die carrier is firstly placed below a press, then a product to be shaped is placed in the shaping sleeve 15, finally the press is started, and the press is pressed down to realize shaping.
The press applies force to the upper die frame plate 10 in the pressing process, so that the spring 14 generates elasticity, and the upper die frame plate 10 and the connecting plate 11 are ensured to be linked under the action of the spring 14; at this time, the upper shaping mandrel 16 on the upper die frame plate 10 and the lower shaping mandrel 17 on the lower die frame plate 12 extrude the product, and the shaping is realized by maintaining the pressure for a period of time; after the shaping is finished, the press moves upwards, the die carrier upper plate 10 and the die carrier lower plate 12 are reset under the action of the spring 14, the upper shaping mandril 16 and the lower shaping mandril 17 are also reset and do not contact with the product, and then the product can be taken out through the radial through hole 150.
The shaping sleeve 15, the upper shaping mandrel 16 and the lower shaping mandrel 17 can be designed according to different requirements, namely the shaping sleeve 15, the upper shaping mandrel 16 and the lower shaping mandrel 17 corresponding to the shape of a product are designed; producing different products and replacing different shaping sleeves 15, upper shaping core rods 16 and lower shaping core rods 17; take production 1083 piston as an example: the parts are replaced before shaping, and in the shaping process, the upper shaping core rod and the lower shaping core rod can simultaneously contact with two planes of the piston 1083 for shaping.
Furthermore, the number of the guide posts 13 can be multiple according to needs, preferably four, the springs 14 are sleeved on the guide posts 13, and the number of the springs 14 can be set according to needs in the same way; one spring 14 between the mold frame upper plate 10 and the connection plate 11 and one spring 14 between the connection plate 11 and the mold frame lower plate 12 are referred to as a pair of springs. In this embodiment, two pairs of guide posts 13 are provided, i.e., two pairs of guide posts are provided at two opposite corners. Two ends of a spring 14 between the upper die carrier plate 10 and the connecting plate 11 are respectively abutted against the upper die carrier plate 10 and the connecting plate 11, and two ends of the spring 14 between the lower die carrier plate 12 and the connecting plate 11 are respectively abutted against the lower die carrier plate 12 and the connecting plate 11. Of course, the spring 14 may be disposed at other positions as required, instead of being fitted over the guide post 13.
Further, a positioning hoop 18 is arranged on the guide column 13, the positioning hoop 18 is located between the die set upper plate 10 and the connecting plate 11, and the die set upper plate 10 is limited to move through the positioning hoop 18, so that the die set upper plate 10 is prevented from excessively moving downwards under the action of a press; and may also serve to limit upward movement of the connection plate 11.
Further, an upper shaping mandrel 16 is connected with the upper die frame plate 10 through an upper fixing bolt 100; the lower shaping mandrel 17 is connected to the mold frame lower plate 12 by a lower fixing bolt 110. All adopt bolt mode to realize fixed connection promptly, can also set up as required and become other fixed connection modes such as joint certainly.
As shown in fig. 6 to 9, a finishing machine comprises a feeding and discharging mechanism 2 and the shaping die carrier 1; the loading and unloading mechanism 1 comprises a frame body 20, a conveying mechanism 21, a loading mechanism 22 and a unloading mechanism 23 which are arranged on the frame body 20, and products are conveyed into the shaping sleeve or removed from the shaping sleeve through the conveying mechanism 21; the product is transferred to the conveying mechanism 21 by the feeding mechanism 22, and the product on the conveying mechanism 21 is taken out by the discharging mechanism 23.
When the shaping die is used, a product to be shaped is placed on the conveying mechanism 21 through the feeding mechanism 22, the product to be shaped is transferred into the shaping die frame through the conveying mechanism 21, and shaping is realized through the matching of the press and the shaping die frame; after the shaping is finished, the shaped product is transferred out through the conveying mechanism 21, and other parts to be shaped are transferred into a shaping die frame to continue shaping operation; the shaped product on the conveying mechanism 21 is taken out and put into a material frame through a blanking mechanism 23 or enters the next process.
Further, the conveying mechanism 21 mainly conveys the product, and therefore it can be variously realized, and preferably adopts the following pusher-boat type structure:
as shown in fig. 12, the conveying mechanism 21 includes an annular rail 210 and a ferrule 211, and the product is fixed by the ferrule 211. The annular track 210 is fixed on the frame body 20, and the clamping sleeve 211 is positioned in the annular track 210 and can move along the annular track 210; the turning positions of the annular rails 210 are provided with material pushing cylinders 212, and the cutting sleeves 211 are pushed by the material pushing cylinders 212 to move along the annular rails 210; the cylinder body of the pushing cylinder 212 is fixedly connected with the annular rail 210 or the frame body 20.
During conveying, a plurality of clamping sleeves 211 which are arranged in sequence are arranged on the annular track 210; one of the cutting sleeves 211 is pushed to move by the pushing cylinder, and the cutting sleeve 211 can push the front cutting sleeve 211 to move, so that the cutting sleeves 211 can move in sequence. The material pushing cylinder pushes a product to be shaped into the shaping die carrier, then the press presses downwards to carry out shaping, and after shaping is finished, the material pushing cylinder pushes the clamping sleeve 211 to be shaped again, and the clamping sleeve 211 after shaping is ejected out.
Further, as shown in fig. 15 and 16, ferrule 211 includes a ferrule body 2110 and a spring pin 2111, wherein a placement through hole 2112 is provided in the middle of ferrule body 2110, spring pin 2111 is provided on ferrule body 2110, and one end of spring pin 2111 can be inserted into placement through hole 2112. The product to be shaped is placed in the placing through hole 2112 of the ferrule body 2110, the inner diameter of the placing through hole 2112 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the product, and the product is supported by the spring pin 2111 to further fix the product.
Further, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, a conveyor belt 24 is provided at each of the feeding mechanism 22 and the discharging mechanism 23. Continuous feeding can be achieved by the conveyor belt 24 at the feeding mechanism 22; the transfer of the shaped product can be achieved by means of a conveyor belt 24 at the blanking mechanism 23.
Further, the feeding mechanism 22 includes a feeding frame 220, a transverse moving mechanism 221 and a longitudinal moving mechanism 222, the feeding frame 220 is fixedly connected with the frame body, the transverse moving mechanism 221 is fixed on the feeding frame 220, the longitudinal moving mechanism 222 is connected with the transverse moving mechanism 221, the longitudinal moving mechanism 222 is driven by the transverse moving mechanism 221 to move transversely, the longitudinal moving mechanism 222 is connected with a finger cylinder 223, the finger cylinder 223 is driven by the longitudinal moving mechanism 222 to move longitudinally, and a product is clamped by the finger cylinder 223.
During feeding, the longitudinal moving mechanism 222 moves downwards, a product is clamped through the finger cylinder 223, and the longitudinal moving mechanism 222 moves upwards after clamping; then, the transverse movement is realized through the transverse movement mechanism 221 to move the product to the conveying mechanism 21, and then the longitudinal movement mechanism 222 moves downwards, and the finger cylinder 223 opens the claw to place the product on the conveying mechanism 21.
The transverse moving mechanism 221 and the longitudinal moving mechanism 222 may be implemented by a linear motor, a linear sliding table, or the like in the prior art, and may be implemented by an air cylinder.
Specifically, taking a cylinder as an example: the transverse moving mechanism 221 is named as a transverse moving cylinder, and the longitudinal moving mechanism 222 is named as a longitudinal moving cylinder; the transverse moving cylinder is connected with the longitudinal moving cylinder in a guide rail mode, and the longitudinal moving cylinder has a guiding function.
The cylinder body of the transverse moving cylinder is fixed on the feeding frame 220, the piston rod of the transverse moving cylinder is connected with the cylinder body of the longitudinal moving cylinder through an upper sliding table of a guide rail (the guide rail is in sliding connection with the sliding table), the guide rail is fixedly connected with the feeding frame 220, the cylinder body of the longitudinal moving cylinder is fixedly connected with the sliding table, the piston rod of the transverse moving cylinder is fixedly connected with the sliding table, and the sliding table is driven to move along the guide rail through the movement of the piston rod of the transverse moving; the piston rod of the longitudinal moving cylinder is fixedly connected with the cylinder body of the finger cylinder 223.
Further, the blanking mechanism 23 comprises a blanking frame 230 and a blanking cylinder 231, the blanking frame 230 is fixedly connected with the frame body, and the cylinder body of the blanking cylinder 231 is fixedly connected with the blanking frame 230; a discharge hole 213 is formed in the conveying mechanism 21, and the product is ejected out of the discharge hole 213 through a blanking cylinder 231; therefore, ferrule body 2110 is provided with a placement through hole 2112 in the middle. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: after the cutting sleeve 211 moves to the discharge hole 213, the piston rod of the blanking cylinder 231 moves downwards to eject the piston rod out of the cutting sleeve body 2110, and finally falls through the discharge hole 213.
Further, as shown in fig. 13 and 14, a buffer cylinder 25 is arranged at the discharge hole 213, and a deceleration turning plate 251 is hinged to the lower end of the buffer cylinder 25. The product contacts with the speed reduction turning plate 251 to push the speed reduction turning plate 251 to move in the falling process, so that the kinetic energy of the falling product can be weakened, the effect of buffering and speed reduction is achieved, and the product damage caused by the excessively high falling speed is avoided. The deceleration turning plate 251 is provided with a balancing weight 252, and the deceleration turning plate 251 is in a closed state under the action of the gravity of the balancing weight 252.
The feeding structure and the discharging mechanism 23 can be set to various structures as required, such as a mechanical arm common in the prior art and the like can be adopted.
Although only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art, and all changes are encompassed in the scope of the present invention.