CN112794860B - 噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物或其可药用盐,制备方法及用途 - Google Patents
噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物或其可药用盐,制备方法及用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112794860B CN112794860B CN202110314841.XA CN202110314841A CN112794860B CN 112794860 B CN112794860 B CN 112794860B CN 202110314841 A CN202110314841 A CN 202110314841A CN 112794860 B CN112794860 B CN 112794860B
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及瞬时受体电位(TRP)离子通道家族的拮抗剂。具体地,本发明涉及对TRPA1有高活性拮抗作用的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物,包括其制备和它们作为TRPA1通道拮抗剂的用途。
背景技术
瞬时受体电位(TRP)通道是广泛存在于人体中的离子通道类型。该家族通常作为多重化学和物理刺激的感受器。已知存在至少28种人TRP通道,其中瞬时受体电位A1通道(TRPA1)是非选择性阳离子传导通道,广泛分布于神经和非神经细胞中,前者主要包括迷走神经节、三叉神经节和背根神经节;后者包括如血管内皮细胞、胰岛细胞、心肌细胞、内耳毛细胞、肝细胞、胃肠粘膜、胰腺细胞、肾上皮细胞、前列腺上皮细胞、乳腺细胞、B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞、肺成纤维细胞、黑色素细胞、牙髓成纤维细胞、肥大细胞和肠嗜铬细胞和角质细胞等。
TRPA1通道对维持机体的正常生理功能具有重要意义,其通过钠、钾和钙离子流调节膜电位,不仅在温度感知、机械感受、痛觉、视觉、嗅觉、听觉等功能以及哮喘、瘙痒等众多生理与病理过程中发挥重要作用,而且还参与调控细胞的增殖分化以及细胞免疫反应,调节呼吸道疾病、膀胱疾病、肠胃疾病、心血管疾病、皮肤疾病等多种病理过程。
TRPA1在机体产生痛觉以及痛觉敏感性增强的病理过程中发挥重要作用。作为最明确的冷痛受体,TRPA1参与调控机体多种不同类型的疼痛过程,如内脏疼痛、神经疼痛、偏头疼、牙痛等。它可以被各种刺激性和促疼痛化合物激活,包括有害低温、细胞内Ca2+\内源物质(例如缓激肽)、刺激性天然物(例如,芥末、蒜素和异硫氰酸烯丙酯,AITC)、环境刺激物(例如,丙烯醛)、两亲分子(例如,三硝基苯酚和氯丙嗪)和药物学分子(例如,URB597)。此外,TRPA1的氨基酸点突变导致了人类常染色体显性家族性发作的疼痛综合症(FamilialEpisodic Pain Syndrome, FEPS)。
研究证实,TRPA1的调节与疼痛的减轻高度相关。伤害感受(疼痛的感知)代表有害刺激在神经系统中的编码和处理,这些损害被神经系统的伤害感受神经元感测并传输疼痛信号。TRPA1在伤害感受神经元中高度表达,并被引起疼痛的多种刺激物激活,充当着“化学传感器”的角色。TRPA1的敲除会导致机体感知刺激的能力丧失,参见Zappia K J等,Eneuro, 2017, 4(1): ENEURO.0069-16.2017。
TRPA1的功能异常会导致多种人类疾病的发生。当TRPA1的功能上调,机体会出现疼痛、瘙痒、哮喘等不适症状,还会维持甚至加重炎症反应,产生机械痛超敏症状从而加重外周神经病变等,而下调TRPA1功能将对这些相关疾病发挥治疗作用。同时,TRPA1也是一个外围靶点,其在大脑中的活性并非疼痛传导所必需,因此即使仅阻断外围的局部递送也可以达到治疗效果。
已经证实许多TRPA1激动剂能在人和动物中引起疼痛、刺激和神经源性炎症,可以预期,TRPA1的拮抗剂以及能阻断该通道激活剂生物学效应的物质均可能在相关疾病,例如疼痛、瘙痒、炎症、哮喘、咳嗽等相关疾病中发挥治疗作用。
因此,针对TRPA1的调节具有许多工业和治疗用途。例如,TRPA1的拮抗剂可以满足本领域对治疗和/或预防哺乳动物,尤其是人类的伤害性和神经病变疼痛的新型止痛药物的需求。据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计,全球每年有6.9万人死于阿片类药物过量,1500万人阿片类药物成瘾。这些药物过去仅用于急性和癌症疼痛管理,但近年来,在缓解背部疼痛等非癌症慢性疼痛中的大量使用已造成了阿片类药物的滥用。阿片类危机已经成为美国公共卫生的突发事件,每年导致数万人丧生,年经济负担超过1万亿美元。支持非阿片类、非成瘾性替代药物的开发是解决危机的原则之一。TRPA1的小分子抑制剂是有效的策略之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高效的TRPA1拮抗剂,其可以有效地阻断TRPA1与其配体的结合。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物或其可药用盐,该噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物的结构通式(Ⅰ)如下:
其中,R1,R2各自独立地选自氢、C1-3烷基;R3选自C1-3烷基;R4,R5各自独立地选自5-6元芳香基,所述芳香基为苯基或含1-3个杂原子的芳杂基,该杂原子取自氧或氮原子,杂原子的位置在芳香基上任一位置;所述芳香基取代或未取代。
较佳地,所述的芳香基包括至少一个苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、噁唑基、噁二唑基或三氮唑基。
较佳地,R4的芳香基未取代或至少被一个或多个卤素或C1-3烷基、C1-3多卤代烷基、C1-3烷氧基取代,和/或,R5的芳香基未取代或至少被一个或多个卤素或C1-3烷基、C1-3多卤代烷基、C1-3烷氧基取代。
本发明还提供了一种上述的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物或其可药用盐的制备方法,该方法的反应路线包含:
使式(II)的胺化合物与式(III)羧酸化合物在偶联剂的作用下,发生缩合反应制备结构通式(I)化合物;或,
使式(II)的胺化合物与式(IIIa)的羧酸衍生物发生氨基酰化反应制备结构通式(I)化合物。
本发明还提供了一种上述的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物或其可药用盐的用途,其中,所述的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物或其可药用盐用于制备治疗或预防对TRPA1调节作用有反应的疾病或病症的药物。
较佳地,所述疾病或病症包括与各种疼痛、组织损伤、氧化应激、尼古丁上瘾、眼部刺激症、皮肤刺激症、痉挛、瘙痒症、呼吸疾病、胃肠道疾病或泌尿系统相关的障碍/病症中的任意一种或多种。
较佳地,与疼痛相关的障碍/病症包括但不限于:
各种急性疼痛、慢性疼痛、轻度疼痛、中度疼痛、重度疼痛、广泛疼痛或局部疼痛中的任意一种或任意多种;和/或,
痛性感觉缺失、感觉迟钝、感觉过敏、痛觉过敏、异常性疼痛、伤害性疼痛、炎性疼痛、肌肉疼痛、骨骼疼痛、术后疼痛、神经病变疼痛、神经炎病症相关的疼痛、癌症相关的疼痛中的任意一种或任意多种;和或,
慢性腱炎、复杂性区域疼痛综合症、腕管综合症、牙痛、头痛、偏头痛、腰部疼痛、背部疼痛、梨状肌综合症、内脏疼痛、骨盆痛、骨盆过敏性痛、坐骨疼痛、月经痛、灼性神经痛、马尾神经综合症、糖尿病疼痛、中风后疼痛、多发性硬化疼痛、局部缺血性疼痛、放化疗疼痛。
较佳地,所述炎性疼痛包括但不限于与关节炎相关的疼痛,其中与关节炎相关的疼痛包括但不限于类风湿关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、骨关节炎、反应性关节炎、银屑病关节炎、创伤性关节炎、感染性关节炎、肿瘤相关性关节炎、痛风性关节炎、假性痛风性关节炎;所述神经病变疼痛包括但不限于中枢性疼痛、中枢和外周神经痛、中枢和外周神经性疼痛;所述神经炎病症相关的疼痛包括但不限于由低温、感染、化学损伤、辐射暴露、疾病或缺陷病症引起的疼痛。
较佳地,与呼吸疾病相关的障碍/病症包括但不限于哮喘、百日咳、慢性阻塞性肺病、支气管红肿或支气管收缩;与胃肠道疾病相关的障碍/病症包括但不限于胃食管反流病、溃疡、肠易激综合症或炎性肠病;与泌尿系统相关的障碍/疼痛包括但不限于失禁、排尿障碍、肾绞痛和膀胱炎。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,其包含上述的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物(I)或其可药用盐。
由于TRPA1是疼痛途径激活的主要分子位点,且在人的初级感觉神经元和外周感觉神经中高度表达,因此,TRPA1是极有前景的疼痛治疗新靶点。本发明提供的结构通式(I)的化合物及其可接受盐能强效抑制TRPA1,可以用于制备新型的镇痛药物。
TRPA1作为药物靶点的评述已有很多,例如Rech等人(Future Med. Chem. 2010:843-838)和Baraldi等人(J. Med. Chem. 2010,5085-2107)均有报道。TRPA1在外周神经系统中的C纤维伤害性感受器的亚群中高度表达(Kobayashi et al 2005,J Comp Neurol493(4):596-606)。激活的TRPA1开放阳离子(主要是Ca2+和Na+)进入细胞,使膜电位去极化并影响初级传入中的钙稳态。去极化初级神经末梢导致动作电位开通,增强了痛觉感受及痛觉过敏(Jiang and Gebhart 1998,Pain 77(3):305-13;Cervero and Laird 1996,Pain68(1):13-23)。已知AITC可以浓度依赖性地激活TRPA1,产生刺激信号并传入神经纤维引发疼痛和痛觉过敏(Reeh 1986,Brain Res 384:42-50);且在局部应用也同样有效(Namer etal 2005,Neuroreportl6(9):955-959)。然而敲除TRPA1的小鼠对AITC的敏感性几乎丧失,并表现出对缓激肽疼痛响应信号传导的严重受损(Kwan 2006,Neuron50(2):277-289;Bautista 2006,Cell 124(6):1269-1282)。福尔马林也能有效激活TRPA1,广泛应用于啮齿动物模型的体内镇痛药效评价。同样地,福尔马林对TRPA1敲除小鼠也几乎不产生影响(McNamara et al 2007,Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(33):13525- 13530)。这些结果证明了TRPA1作为疼痛治疗靶点的可行性。已有多个TRPA1小分子拮抗剂被报道,证明了TRPA1拮抗药物治疗疼痛的有效性。Hydra公司的TRPA1拮抗剂(HC030031)能以剂量依赖方式明显减轻福尔马林诱导的疼痛反应(W02007/073505A2)。Abbott公司的专利化合物对TRPA1具有体外作用,且在大鼠骨关节炎疼痛模型中显示出良好体内镇痛药效(US2009/ 0176883和McGaraughty et al.,Molecular Pain 20106:14)。Glenmark公司的多个化合物在若干整体动物疼痛模型中也显示出明显的体内药效(US2009/ 0325987)。因此,本发明提供的结构通式(I)的化合物及其可接受盐对TRPA1的体外抑制,可以合理预测其作为镇痛药物的体内潜力。
TRPA1又被称为“炎症的守门人”。当发生组织损伤或炎症时,其作为伤害感受器在传导疼痛感觉的过程中发挥关键作用。已证实组织损伤、炎症和氧化应激的产物,例如4-羟基壬烯醛、组胺、P物质、5-羟色胺及相关物质均可激活TRPA1通道。这些发现提供了小分子TRPA1拮抗剂治疗多种疾病的又一理论基础。这些疾病包括组织损伤、氧化应激和平滑肌收缩相关的疾病,例如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、痉挛、以及肺部炎症等。
哮喘是一种慢性气道炎症引起的疾病。当呼吸道受到诸如醛类、氯气、香烟烟雾等外界刺激物刺激时,呼吸道初级感受神经元中的TRPA1被激活,从而引起Ca2+内流,胞内高浓度的Ca2+会促使细胞释放P物质,降钙素基因相关肽和神经激肽A等(Yang H等,MedicalScience Monitor International Medical Journal of Experimental & ClinicalResearch, 2016, 22: 2917-2923)。这些物质作用于呼吸道的效应细胞,引起支气管收缩,淋巴细胞释放炎性因子,进而产生咳嗽、支气管痉挛等症状。已证实TRPA1也是咳嗽的“开关”。TRPA1广泛分布于肺部表面的神经末梢上,可被随空气进入肺部的刺激物激活,从而引起咳嗽,因此拮抗TRPA1有助于治疗慢性咳嗽等相关疾病。膀胱发生炎症时,会发生尿频、尿急等膀胱的过度活动,甚至伴随膀胱疼痛。研究证明,下调TRPA1功能,可明显减轻间质性膀胱炎造成的膀胱过度活动和疼痛(Chen D等,Translational Neuroscience, 2016,7(1):133-138)。此外,TRPA1在心血管和胃肠调节中也起着重要作用(Pan Y等. PflugersArchiv-European Journal of Physiology, 2017: 1-8,Fothergill L J等,Nutrients,2016, 8(10):623)。因此,本发明提供的结构通式(I)的化合物及其可接受盐可用于制备治疗或预防组织损伤、氧化应激、呼吸疾病、胃肠道疾病或泌尿系统相关的障碍/病症的药物。
TRPA1功能上调还会诱导产生瘙痒,例如过敏性皮炎引起的慢性瘙痒症(Fernandes E S等,Faseb Journal Official Publication of the Federation ofAmerican Societies for Experimental Biology,2013, 27(4): 1664)。瘙痒主要分为组氨依赖和非组氨依赖两大类,前者可用抗组氨药物治疗。在非组胺依赖性瘙痒中,TRPA1发挥了重要作用。已证实TRPA1介导了由BAM8-22, SLIGRL, IL-31等引起的瘙痒(Roberson DP等,Nature Neuroscience, 2013, 16(7): 910; Cevikbas F等,Journal of Allergy &Clinical Immunology, 2014, 133(2): 448-460),尤其发现TRPA1敲除小鼠对氯喹引起的强烈瘙痒明显减弱。此外,TRPA1在眼部的痛觉、痒觉感受神经元中均有表达,且在眼睛发痒的非组胺痒觉通路中发挥重要作用。因此,本发明提供的结构通式(I)的化合物及其可接受盐可用于制备治疗或预防瘙痒症、眼部刺激症的药物。
TRPA1也能被尼古丁及其结构类似物所激活。某些烟民在使用尼古丁替代疗法戒烟时,会出现皮肤刺激感甚至过敏,表明与TRPA1通道存在关联。因此,本发明提供的结构通式(I)的化合物及其可接受盐可用于制备治疗或预防尼古丁上瘾、皮肤刺激症的药物。
简言之,本发明所述的化合物是一种TRPA1拮抗剂,适用于治疗或预防由TRPA1的活性介导或与其相关的任何障碍、病症或疾病,包括与各种疼痛、组织损伤、氧化应激、尼古丁上瘾、眼部刺激症、皮肤刺激症、痉挛、瘙痒症、呼吸疾病、胃肠道疾病或泌尿系统相关的障碍/病症中的任意一种或多种。
在本发明的上下文中,所述各种疼痛病症/障碍包括但不限于各种急性疼痛、慢性疼痛、轻度疼痛、中度疼痛、重度疼痛、广泛疼痛、局部疼痛;例如痛性感觉缺失、感觉迟钝、感觉过敏、痛觉过敏、异常性疼痛、伤害性疼痛、炎性疼痛、肌肉疼痛、骨骼疼痛、术后疼痛、神经病变疼痛、神经炎病症相关的疼痛、癌症相关的疼痛。具体地,包括但不限于慢性腱炎、复杂性区域疼痛综合症、腕管综合症、牙痛、头痛、偏头痛、腰部疼痛、背部疼痛、梨状肌综合症、内脏疼痛、骨盆痛、骨盆过敏性痛、坐骨疼痛、月经痛、灼性神经痛、马尾神经综合症、与关节炎相关的疼痛,包括但不限于类风湿关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、骨关节炎、反应性关节炎、银屑病关节炎、创伤性关节炎、感染性关节炎、肿瘤相关性关节炎、痛风性关节炎、假性痛风性关节炎,与膀胱病相关的障碍/疼痛,包括但不限于失禁、排尿障碍、肾绞痛和膀胱炎,及包括但不限于由低温、感染、化学损伤、辐射暴露、疾病或缺陷病症引起的各种神经炎病症相关的疼痛,例如甲状腺功能减退、纤维肌痛、牵涉性疼痛。
在本发明的上下文中,神经病变疼痛包括但不限于:中枢性疼痛、中枢和外周神经痛、中枢和外周神经性疼痛,例如自主神经病变疼痛、周围神经系统(PNS)损伤或中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤或疾病相关的疼痛、多发性神经病变(如,糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)和放化疗诱发的神经病变)疼痛、颈椎、腰椎或坐骨神经痛类型的多发性神经根病、疱疹后神经痛、脊髓损伤性疼痛、纤维肌痛、中风后疼痛、多发性硬化症疼痛、局部缺血性疼痛、慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛、慢性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经病变(CIDP)、血管炎性神经病变、机械性痛觉过敏以及冷异常性疼痛。
式(I)的化合物,包括但不限于实施例中指定的那些,其溶剂合物、可药用盐、前药、前药的盐或它们的任何组合可用于如Bautista,D.等,Cell 2006,124,1269-1282;Trevisani,M.等,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 2007,104,13519-13524;Dai,Y.等,Journal of Clinical Investigation 2007,117,1979-1987;Diogenes,A.等,Journal of Dental Research 2007,86,550-555;Katsura,H.等,Journalof Neurochemistry 2007,102,16所示治疗或预防炎性、伤害性和神经病变疼痛。
式(I)的化合物,包括但不限于实施例中指定的那些、其溶剂合物、可药用盐、前药、前药的盐或它们的任何组合可用于如Kimball,E. S.等,Neurogastroenterology &Motility 2007,19,90-400所示治疗或预防炎性肠病(IBD),如食管炎、结肠炎和克罗恩氏病。
式(I)的化合物,包括但不限于实施例中指定的那些、其溶剂合物、可药用盐、前药、前药的盐或它们的任何组合可用于如Penuelas,A.等,European Journal ofPharmacology 2007,576,143-150和Hayashi,S.等,Inflammopharmacology 2007,15,218-222所示治疗或预防肠胃病,如胃食管反流病(GERD)、溃疡、肠易激综合症(IBS)。
式(I)的化合物,包括但不限于实施例中指定的那些、其溶剂合物、可药用盐、前药、前药的盐或它们的任何组合可用于如Andre等,Journal of Clinical Investigation2008,118,2574-2582;Bessac等,Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008,118,1899-1910;和Simon和Liedtke,Journal of Clinical Investigation 2008,118,2383-2386所示治疗或预防呼吸超敏反应,如咳嗽、哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病和支气管收缩。
式(I)的化合物,包括但不限于实施例中指定的那些、其溶剂合物、可药用盐、前药、前药的盐或它们的任何组合可用于如Story,G. M. Current Neuropharmacology2006,4,183-196和Story,G. M.和Gereau,R. W. Neuron 2006,50,177-180所示治疗或预防冷痛觉过敏或冷敏感性。
本发明的化合物可以以可药用盐形式使用。术语“可药用盐”是指在合理医学判断的范围内,适合与人和动物的组织接触使用而没有不适当的毒性、刺激、过敏响应等,并与合理的效益/风险比相称的盐。
可药用盐是本领域中公知的。例如,S.M.Berge等人在(J. PharmaceuticalSciences,1977,66:let seq)中详细描述了可药用盐。
本发明的化合物含有碱性官能团,可以在需要时使用合适的酸转化成可药用盐。该盐可以在本发明的化合物的最终分离和提纯过程中原位制备。
用于形成可药用盐的酸包括无机酸,如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸和磷酸等,以及有机酸,如乙酸、富马酸、马来酸、4-甲基苯磺酸、丁二酸和柠檬酸等。代表性的酸加成盐包括但不限于:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、柠檬酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、反丁烯二酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴化物、氢碘化物、2-羟基乙磺酸盐(羟乙基磺酸盐)、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、烟酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐(palmitoate)、果胶酸盐(pectinate)、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸酯、丙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氢酸盐、磷酸盐、谷氨酸盐、碳酸氢盐、对甲苯磺酸盐和十一烷酸盐。
本发明的化合物可用于制造用来治疗或预防本文公开的任何疾病的药物。本文描述的化合物和药物组合物用于调节TRPA1离子通道,其中调节被认为与各种疾病状态相关。
本发明的化合物可用于药物组合物,其含有至少一种本文描述的化合物。
综上所述,本发明提供了一种作为TRPA1拮抗剂的新型噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物。特别地,本文描述的化合物适于治疗或预防由TRPA1调节的疾病、病症和/或障碍,如各种疼痛。本发明还提供了制备本文描述的化合物的方法、合成用的中间体。
本发明的有益效果:提供了一种新的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物,对TRPA1通道具有明显的拮抗作用,可用于制备对TRPA1拮抗作用有反应的疾病或病症的药物或药物组合物,尤其是用于治疗或预防包括与各种疼痛、组织损伤、氧化应激或平滑肌收缩相关的障碍/病症。
具体实施方式
本发明中描述的化合物可以形成盐,构成本发明一部分的药学上可接受的盐的非限制性例子包括无机酸的盐、有机酸的盐、天然氨基酸的盐和非天然氨基酸的盐。
本发明通式(I)的某些化合物,能够以立体异构体形式存在(例如,非对映异构体和/或对映异构体)。本发明包括这些立体异构体形式(包括非对映异构体和/或对映异构体)和它们的混合物。本发明的化合物的各种立体异构体形式可以通过本领域已知的方法相互分离,或者可以通过立体专一性或不对称合成获得给定的异构体。本发明通式(1)的化合物的互变异构形式和混合物也是可预期的。
通用制备方法
使用本领域技术人员已知的技术,例如方案一,方案二和方案三所示的制备路线以及通过其他方法,制备本文描述的化合物。其中R1、R2、R3、R4、R5按说明书中定义。此外,在以下合成方案提及的具体的酸、碱、试剂、偶联剂、溶剂等应该理解为,可以使用其他适合的酸、碱、试剂、偶联剂、溶剂等,并且这些也包括在本发明的范围内。通过使用通用反应路线得到的化合物可能是不够纯的,通过使用本领域技术人员已知的纯化有机化合物的任何方法可以纯化这些化合物,例如,结晶或者使用合适比例的不同溶剂的硅胶或氧化铝柱色谱法。
本文所涉及的比例和百分比均为体积比。
用于合成噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类目标化合物(I)的通用技术示于方案一:
方案一
如合成路线一所示,在适合的肽偶联剂,适合的溶剂以及适合的碱存在下,通式(II)所示的含氨基的噁唑嘧啶酮胺衍生物中间体与通式(III)所示的羧酸衍生物中间体发生缩合反应,生成通式(I)的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类目标化合物。例如,通用的偶联方法是在如二氯甲烷(DCM),N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)等对本反应无不良影响的非质子溶剂中,在1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)等添加剂的存在下或不存在下,在以1-乙基-3-(3’-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)为代表的缩合剂存在下,在三乙胺等碱的存在或不存在下,使噁唑嘧啶酮胺类中间体(II)和适宜的芳基羧酸中间体(III)在室温或加热下搅拌过夜。反应液用水稀释后用乙酸乙酯萃取,依次用水和饱和食盐水洗涤,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,重结晶或经硅胶柱色谱纯化,乙酸乙酯和己烷洗脱得到偶联缩合的目标酰胺产物(I)。
可选地,在非质子溶剂如DCM,DMF等对本反应无不良影响的溶剂中,将式(III)的羧酸中间体在酰化剂,例如硫酰氯,亚硫酰氯等作用下转化成相应的酰氯中间体(IIIa),再与含氨基的噁唑嘧啶酮胺衍生物(II)发生氨基酰化反应得到目标酰胺化合物(I)。
合成中使用的部分胺衍生物中间体(II)可以通过市售购买获得,例如6-氨基-7-异丙基-2,3-二甲基-5H-噁唑并[3,2-A]嘧啶-5-酮(II-1);或由方案二中描述的方法制备。式(III)的部分羧酸衍生物可以通过市售购买获得,例如6-(2,6-二氟苯基)-5-氟吡啶甲酸(III-4),6-(2-氟苯基)吡啶甲酸(III-5),6-(2,3-二氟苯基)吡啶甲酸(III-6),6-(2,4-二氟苯基)吡啶甲酸(III-7),6-(2,5-二氟苯基)吡啶甲酸(III-8),6-(3-氟-4-甲基苯基)吡啶甲酸(III-9),或由方案三中描述的方法制备。
所用的肽偶联剂选自但不限于以下试剂:N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)、1-乙基-3-(3’-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(WSC)、二异丙基碳二亚胺(DIC)、1-乙基-3-(3’-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI),1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt),4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),1-苯并三唑基氧三(二甲基氨基)六氟磷酸(BOP)、N-[1-H-苯并三唑-1-基](二甲基氨基)亚甲基]-N-甲基甲铵(methanaminium)-六氟磷酸盐-N-氧化物(HBTU)、N-[(1-H-苯并三唑)二甲基氨基]亚甲基]N-甲基甲铵四氟硼酸盐-N-氧化物(TBTU)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-1,3-二甲基-1,3-二亚甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HBMDU)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-双(四亚甲基)脲六氟磷酸盐(HBPyU)、O-(苯并三唑-1-基)-1,1,3,3-双(五亚甲基)脲六氟磷酸盐(HBPipU)、3-羟基-4-氧代-3,4-二氢-1,2,3-苯并三嗪(HODhbt)、O-(3,4-二氢-4-氧代-1,2,3-苯并三嗪-3-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐、O-(3,4-二氢-4-氧代-1,2,3-苯并三嗪-3-基)-1,1,3,1-四甲基脲四氟硼酸盐、[3,4-二氢-4-氧代-1,2,3-苯并三嗪-3基]氧]三(吡咯烷基)六氟磷酸盐、1-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三唑(HAPyU)。
适合的溶剂包括但不限于,DCM,二氯乙烷,四氢呋喃(THF),乙酸乙酯,乙醇,DMF等不影响反应的溶剂。
适合的碱包括但不限于:三乙胺、吡啶、哌啶等。
用于合成噁唑嘧啶酮胺类衍生物(II)的通用技术示于方案二。
方案二
如合成路线二所示,式(IIa)所示的氯代酮衍生物与脲缩合生成如式(IIb)所示的氨基噁唑衍生物,再与式(IIc)所示的酰基乙酸乙酯环合生成式(IId)所示的噁唑嘧啶酮衍生物,在浓硫酸和浓硝酸作用下硝化得到式(IIe)所示的噁唑嘧啶酮硝基衍生物,再用合适的还原剂,例如金属铁或锌等将硝基还原成氨基,得到含氨基的噁唑嘧啶酮胺衍生物(II)。
用于合成芳香羧酸中间体衍生物(III)的通用技术示于方案三。
方案三
含有R4和R5的中间体(IIIb)可以通过有机合成的常用方法制备。例如,R4和R5之间的共价键可以通过很多有效的金属催化的偶联方法产生,例如被称为Suzuki偶联的方法。在该方案中,两个要连接的基团中的任意一个可以是硼酸/硼酸酯或卤素/假-卤素,同时对应的另一个基团则分别是卤素/假-卤素或硼酸/硼酸酯。进行该偶联缩合的条件包括在极性溶剂混合物中,在有机碱或无机碱存在下加热硼酸衍生物和芳基卤化合物并使用钯催化剂。
在下述合成路线中,-LG表示合适的离去基团,例如氯原子、溴原子、碘原子、三氟甲烷磺酰氧基等;-B(OR)2表示-B(OH)2或邻苯二酚硼烷、频哪醇硼烷、硼酸N-甲基亚氨基二乙酸酯等适当的硼酸衍生物(IVb,IVd,Vb)。
如合成路线三所示,在合适溶剂中,使含有合适的离去基团的R4衍生物(IVa)与相应的含R5的硼酸衍生物(Vb),在碱和过渡金属催化剂作用下,发生缩合反应生成芳香基衍生物中间体(IIIb)。反应中,可以添加或不添加金属盐或金属离子络合配体。
如合成路线四所示,也可在合适溶剂中,使具有合适的离去基团的R5衍生物(Va)与相应的R4硼酸衍生物(IVb),在碱和过渡金属催化剂作用下,发生缩合反应生成芳香基衍生物中间体(IIIb)。反应中,可以添加或不添加金属盐或金属离子络合配体。
如合成路线五所示,也可在合适溶剂中,使含有羧酸酯基且同时具有合适的离去基团的R4衍生物(IVc)或具有羧酸酯基的R4硼酸衍生物(IVd),分别与相应的R5硼酸衍生物(Vb)或含有合适离去基团的R5衍生物(Va),在碱和过渡金属催化剂作用下,发生偶联缩合反应生成芳香基羧酸酯类中间体(IIIc)。反应中可以添加或不添加金属盐或金属离子络合配体。然后在酸或碱的作用下发生酯基水解生成芳香基羧酸中间体(III)。水解所用的酸包括无机酸或有机酸,例如盐酸、硫酸、三氟乙酸等;碱包括无机碱或有机碱,例如LiOH、NaOH、哌啶、吡啶等。
在合成路线三、合成路线四、合成路线五中,该偶联缩合反应所述的合适溶剂是指包括但不限于例如1,4-二氧杂环己烷、甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙腈或丁醇等不影响反应的溶剂,且添加或不添加水等共溶剂;所用碱包括有机碱或无机碱,例如三乙胺、吡啶、氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、磷酸三钾等;催化剂包括但不限于[1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)、乙酸钯(II)等;添加或不添加的金属盐包括但不限于乙酸铜;添加或不添加的金属离子络合配体包括但不限于2,4,6-三异丙基-2’-(二环己基膦基)联苯。
如合成路线六所示,采用芳香环上含甲基的中间体衍生物(IIId)在强氧化剂,例如KMnO4的作用下可以转化得到相应的芳香羧酸中间体(III)。
制备中间体(II)的通用方法:以制备II-1为例,说明通用步骤如下:
实施例1
步骤1:制备IIb-1
脲(0.2 mol)加入到含3-氯-丁基-2-酮(22 g,0.2 mol)的150 mL的2-丙醇中,搅拌回流5分钟,沉淀用2-丙醇洗涤后溶于水中,用碳酸钠溶液调pH=11,二氯甲烷萃取,硫酸钠干燥,减压回收溶剂,所得产物IIb-1未经纯化直接用于下一步反应。收率:52%。MS m/z(ESI):115.1 [M+1]+。
步骤2:制备IId-1
85%磷酸(10 g,0.09 mol)和无水磷酸(12 g,0.09 mol)混和液于120 ℃搅拌2小时,将制得的多聚磷酸冷却到35 ℃后缓慢滴加IIc-1(0.05mol),搅拌10分钟后,加入0.05mol的IIb-1,混合液缓慢加热到120-130 ℃后搅拌4小时。冷却后加入100 ml水淬灭反应,用碳酸钠溶液调pH=5-6,收集沉淀,水洗、重结晶得IId-1。收率56%。MS m/z(ESI):207.1 [M+1]+。
步骤3:制备IIe-1
10-15 ℃下,将IId-1(0.05 mol)溶于40 mL的96%硫酸中,搅拌下缓慢滴加97%硝酸(0.09 mol),缓慢升温至23-25 ℃反应1小时。将反应液倒入冰块中,收集沉淀,经水洗和重结晶得到IIe-1。收率30%。MS m/z(ESI):252.1 [M+1]+。
步骤4:制备(II-1)中间体
向三颈瓶中加入500 mL的2-丙醇和120 mL水,剧烈搅拌下,先加入还原性铁粉20g(0.35 mol),然后缓慢滴加35%盐酸6 g(0. 6 mol)。溶液加热到75 ℃维持5分钟后冷却到室温,加入IIe-1(0.09 mol),缓慢滴加35%盐酸12.3 g(0.12 mol),升温到75-80 ℃搅拌4小时,再加入饱和碳酸钠溶液9.5 g(0.09 mol),继续在75-80 ℃搅拌1小时。趁热过滤,依次用热的2-丙醇和氯仿洗涤沉淀。洗涤液与滤液合并后减压回收溶剂至残留10-15 mL母液,氯仿萃取,硫酸钠干燥,减压回收溶剂至干,残留物用2-丙醇重结晶得II-1。收率65%。MSm/z(ESI):222.1 [M+1]+。
其他中间体(II-2)-(II-7)按上述类似方法制备,选择使用各自相应的起始原料。
表1:选定的中间体(II)的结构和结构鉴定数据
制备中间体(III)的通用方法,其代表性制备方法如合成路线七所示。以制备III-1为例,说明通用制备步骤如下。
实施例2
中间体III-1的合成
5-甲基-1,3二氟苯先锂化后与2-异丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷反应得到硼酸酯,再与溴氟吡啶甲酸酯(IVc-1)在钯催化下经Suzuki偶联得到芳香基羧酸酯中间体(IIIc-1),随后在碱性条件下使酯水解,得到芳香基甲酸中间体(III-1)。水解中碱的用量和反应时间根据不同反应物进行调整。
步骤1:6-溴-5-氟吡啶甲酸的合成
向30 mL水中加入2-溴-3-氟-6-甲基吡啶(1.0当量)和高锰酸钾(1.0当量),100℃加热5小时后再加入1.0当量高锰酸钾,继续加热48小时。反应液通过硅藻土过滤并用水洗。水相合并后用1N的盐酸酸化至pH=4,乙酸乙酯(200 mL)萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,过滤、浓缩,得到6-溴-5-氟吡啶甲酸,白色固体,收率15%。MS m/z(ESI):219.9 [M+1]+。
步骤2:6-溴-5-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯(IVc-1)的合成
在6-溴-5-氟吡啶甲酸(1.0当量)的甲醇溶液(0.2M)中加入硫酸(4.2当量),室温搅拌2小时,加入适量乙酸乙酯稀释,缓慢加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭反应。乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用硫酸镁干燥,过滤,真空浓缩,得到IVc-1,白色固体。收率94%。MS m/z(ESI):233.9 [M+1]+。
步骤3:Vb-1的合成
在-78 ℃和氮气氛下,向含1,3-二氟-5-甲基苯(1.0当量,0.2M)的干燥THF溶液中缓慢加入正丁基锂(1当量,1.6M,溶在己烷中)。-78 ℃搅拌2小时,然后加入2-异丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷(1.15当量),反应液缓慢升至室温。完成反应后,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭反应,乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,过滤、浓缩,得到Vb-1,白色固体,收率89%。1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3δppm 6.63(dd,J= 9.35,0.76 Hz,2H),2.36(s,3H),1.38(s,12H), MS m/z(ESI):255.1 [M+1]+。
步骤4:6-(2,6-二氟-4-甲基苯基)-5-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯(IIIc-1)的合成
在IVc-1(1.0当量,0.1M)的THF/水(10:1)混和溶液中加入Vb-1(1.75当量)和氟化钾(3.3当量)。反应用氮气脱气后加入Pd2(dba)3(0.25当量)和三-异丁基膦(0.5当量)并升温至80 ℃维持1小时。冷却至室温,真空浓缩后经硅胶柱纯化,洗脱剂乙酸乙酯/己烷(0%~30%乙酸乙酯),得到IIIc-1,白色固体,收率81%。MS m/z (ESI):282.0 [M+1]+。
步骤5:6-(2,6-二氟-4-甲基苯基)-5-氟吡啶甲酸(III-1)的合成:
在IIIc-1(1.0当量,0.1M)的THF溶液中加入LiOH水溶液(5.5当量,2M),室温搅拌4小时。减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂,残留的水相用2N的盐酸酸化至pH=4。过滤收集沉淀,干燥,得到III-1,为淡黄色固体,收率72%。
实施例3
中间体III-2的合成
步骤1:6-(2,6-二氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯(IIIc-2)的合成
在IVc-1(1.0当量,0.1M)的THF/水(10:1)混和溶液中加入2,6-二氟-4-甲氧基苯基硼酸Vb-2(2.5当量)和氟化钾(3.3当量)。氮气保护,加入Pd2(dba)3(0.25当量)和三-异丁基膦(0.5当量),80 ℃维持1小时。冷却至室温,真空浓缩后经硅胶柱纯化,乙酸乙酯/己烷(0%~30%的乙酸乙酯)洗脱,得到IIIc-2,白色固体,收率85%。MS m/z(ESI):298.1 [M+1]+。
步骤2:6-(2,6-二氟-4-甲氧基苯基)-5-氟吡啶甲酸(III-2)的合成
在IIIc-2(1.0当量,0.09M)的THF/MeOH(2:l)混和溶液中加入LiOH水溶液(l.5当量),室温搅拌1小时后用1N的盐酸淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到III-2,收率86%。
实施例4
中间体2-(2,6-二氟苯基)嘧啶-4-甲酸(III-3)的合成
2-氯嘧啶-4-甲酸(1.0当量)溶于适量DMF和2M的Na2CO3混和溶液中,加入2,6-二氟苯基硼酸Vb-3(1.3当量)和Pd(dppf)Cl2-DCM(0.05当量),微波反应器中120 ℃加热30分钟。将混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释后加入1N的NaOH水溶液。有机相用1N的NaOH萃取三次后再用6N的NaOH萃取一次。水相合并后加入浓盐酸酸化至pH=1,乙酸乙酯萃取。有机层经硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,得到III-3,收率78%。
实施例5
中间体2-(2,6-二氟苯基)-3-氟-6-甲基吡啶(III-4)的合成
步骤1:IIId-4的合成
在2-溴-3-氟-6-甲基吡啶(1.0当量,0.1M)的THF/水(10:1)混和溶液中加入2,6-二氟苯基硼酸Vb-3(2.0当量)和氟化钾(3.3当量)。将反应脱气10分钟后加入Pd2(dba)3(0.05当量)和三叔丁基膦(0.1当量),60 ℃搅拌1小时。冷却至室温,乙酸乙酯萃取后用硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩。残留物用乙醇稀释至0.1M,加入0.5当量NaBH4以降低dba。室温搅拌1小时,加水淬灭,真空浓缩除去乙醇。乙醚萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相经硫酸钠干燥,过滤,真空浓缩。残留物经硅胶柱色谱纯化,己烷和乙酸乙酯(0%-10%的乙酸乙酯)洗脱。得到IIId-4,为淡黄色油状物,收率82%。MS m/z(ESI):224.1 [M+1]+。
步骤2:6-(2,6-二氟苯基)-5-氟吡啶甲酸(III-4)的合成
在IIId-4(1.0当量)的水溶液中加入KMnO4(2.0当量),加热回流10小时。再加入2.0当量的KMnO4继续回流搅拌8小时。将溶液冷却至室温,通过硅藻土过滤,水洗。滤液用6N的盐酸酸化至pH=3,收集白色沉淀。将滤液进一步酸化至pH=1再次过滤收集沉淀。滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩。将残留物溶于乙酸乙酯中,用1N的NaOH水溶液洗涤,将水层酸化至pH=1收集白色沉淀。合并固体得产物为III-4,为白色固体,收率32%。
选定中间体(III)的结构信息和表征数据示于表2。
表2:选定的中间体(III)的结构和结构鉴定数据
通式(I)化合物的制备
参考下面的实施例,采用本文所述的方案一,使噁唑嘧啶酮胺类中间体(II)与适宜的芳基羧酸中间体(III)或芳基羧酸衍生物中间体(IIIa)偶联,或采用本领域已知的其它方法,合成本文描述的优选实施方案的示例性实施例。
实施例6-14(方法A):
将合适的胺中间体(II)(1.0当量,0.05M)溶于DMF/乙醇(1/5)混和溶液中,加入合适的吡啶甲酸衍生物(III)(1.3当量)、HOBt(1.3当量)和EDCI(1.3当量)。混合物在室温搅拌6小时,乙酸乙酯萃取后,依次用水、1N的NaOH、饱和食盐水洗涤,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩,将残留物溶于乙醇,加入Cs2CO3(1.0当量),60 ℃搅拌2小时。减压蒸馏除去乙醇后,加水稀释,乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤,硫酸镁干燥,过滤,浓缩得到产物。
按方法A类似方法合成了目标物I-1,I-2,I-3,I-4,I-5,I-6,I-7,I-8,I-9。
实施例15-21(方法B):
向羧酸衍生物中间体(III)(1.0当量)在1,2-二氯乙烷中的溶液中加入EDCI(1.2当量)、HOBt(0.3当量)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.l当量),混合物在室温下搅拌10-15 分钟。加入适宜的胺中间体(II)(1.0当量),室温下继续搅拌48小时。减压浓缩,残余物中加入甲醇,室温下搅拌30分钟。过滤收集固体,经异丙醇或甲醇重结晶纯化得到目标产物。
按方法B类似方法合成了目标物I-10,I-11,I-12,I-13,I-14,I-15,I-16。
实施例22-27(方法C):
羧酸衍生物中间体(III)(1.0当量)加入THF/DMF(3:1)的混合液中,搅拌下加入EDCI(2.0当量),继续搅拌30 分钟。加入适宜的胺中间体(II)(1.0当量)和DMAP(0.2当量),80 ℃搅拌24小时。减压蒸发大部分THF,残余物经重结晶或使用硅胶柱色谱法(甲醇-氯仿洗脱)纯化。
按方法C合成了目标物I-17,I-18,I-22,I-23,I-24,I-25。
实施例28-30(方法D):
适宜的胺中间体(II)(1.0当量)加入干燥甲苯中,搅拌下加入羧酸酰卤中间体(IIIa)(1.0当量),混合物在室温下搅拌30分钟后再加热回流2小时。冷却后经重结晶或使用甲醇-氯仿洗脱的硅胶柱色谱法纯化。
按方法D合成了目标物I-19,I-20,I-21。
表3:部分实施例化合物(I)的结构和结构鉴定数据
本发明化合物对TRPA1的拮抗活性
TRPA1与其激动剂的结合使得该离子通道活化并开放,引起细胞内Ca2+浓度急剧增加,而TRPA1拮抗剂的加入将使得Ca2+浓度减少。因此通过监测细胞中的Ca2+水平,可以检测出受试化合物对TRPA1通道的拮抗活性。
实际测试中,为检测Ca2+浓度的变化,需要给细胞加载Ca2+敏感性荧光染料,以使得细胞中的荧光变化与其中的Ca2+浓度变化相对应。由于TRPA1拮抗剂会抑制由加入的TRPA1激动剂所引起的Ca2+内流,从而使得胞内的荧光减少甚至不产生。通过检测细胞内荧光的变化,可以间接反映出Ca2+浓度的变化,从而计算出受试化合物对TRPA1通道的拮抗活性。
hTRPA1细胞培养
将人TRPA1基因克隆到pT-REx-Dest30可诱导载体中,稳定转染于T-Rex™-293细胞(购自Invitrogen)。使hTRPA1/ HEK293细胞(在下文中称为“hTRPA1细胞”)保持在标准无菌细胞培养条件下。培养介质为DMEM(Gibco BRL,Invitrogen),其中含0.5 g/L遗传霉素(Gibco)、5 mg/L杀稻瘟菌素(Invitrogen)、14.6 g/L的L-谷氨酰胺(200 mM;Gibco)、5 g/L青霉素/链霉素(5×10-6 IU/L,Gibco)、5.5 g/L丙酮酸(Gibco)和10%胎小牛血清(Hyclone,Logan UT,USA)。
运用Ca2+荧光法测定化合物的细胞拮抗活性
本方法使用FLIPR钙检测试剂盒(R8033;Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale,CA),在荧光成像板读取器(FLIPR)上测量Ca2+流量。
将表达hTRPA1的HEK293细胞生长于384孔微量滴定板(microtiter plate)中。检测开始前,在HEPES缓冲液(HBSS/HEPES)中制备受试化合物(即本发明所述的目标化合物(I))的4×溶液,并根据制造商说明将Ca2+荧光指示剂染料Fluo-4溶解在补充了20 mM的HEPES缓冲液的Hanks平衡盐溶液中。检测时,先抽吸出培养基并在室温下向细胞中加载100微升Fluo-4溶液约2-3小时,然后于10秒时间点时将50微升受试化合物溶液以10微升/秒的输送速率添加到细胞中,3分钟后再加入TRPA1激动剂AITC(异硫氰酸烯丙酯),以激活并打开TRPA1通道。实验过程中用FLIPR测量荧光随时间的变化。
用GraphPad Prism®软件(GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA),使用四参数逻辑Hill方程式分析数据,以曲线拟合浓度-效应数据并推导IC50值。IC50表示需要抑制50%应答时的测试化合物浓度,该数值越小表示化合物对TRPA1通道的拮抗作用越强,nM浓度的活性值表示化合物对TRPA1通道可以达到有效拮抗。部分测试结果显示在表4中。
表4:部分实施例目标化合物(I)对人源TRPA1的拮抗活性
由上表可知,本发明制备的化合物I-1~I-25均具有很好的TRPA1拮抗作用,可在nM浓度下抑制TRPA1通道的活化。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍,但应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。在本领域技术人员阅读了上述内容后,对于本发明的多种修改和替代都将是显而易见的。因此,本发明的保护范围应由所附的权利要求来限定。
Claims (9)
2.如权利要求1所述的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物或其可药用盐,其特征在于,所述的芳香基选自苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、噁唑基、噁二唑基或三氮唑基。
4.一种如权利要求1或2所述的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物或其可药用盐的用途,其特征在于,所述的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物或其可药用盐用于制备治疗或预防对TRPA1调节作用有反应的疾病或病症的药物。
5.如权利要求4所述的用途,其特征在于,所述疾病或病症选自各种疼痛、眼部刺激症、皮肤刺激症、瘙痒症、与感觉障碍相关的呼吸系统疾病、与感觉障碍相关的胃肠道疾病中的任意一种或多种。
6.如权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于,与疼痛相关的障碍/病症选自:痛觉过敏、物理或化学因素引起的疼痛、感染性疼痛、神经病变性疼痛、糖尿病引发的周围神经痛、癌症相关性疼痛、骨关节炎与类风湿性关节炎相关的疼痛、肌肉痉挛性疼痛、肾绞痛、输尿管绞痛、膀胱炎性疼痛中的任意一种或任意多种。
7.如权利要求5所述的用途,其特征在于,与感觉障碍相关的呼吸系统疾病选自哮喘、百日咳、慢性阻塞性肺病、支气管炎;与感觉障碍相关的胃肠道疾病选自胃食道反流病、肠易激综合症或炎性肠病。
8.如权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述物理或化学因素引起的疼痛包含:机械损伤性疼痛、放化疗相关性疼痛。
9.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,其包含如权利要求1或2所述的噁唑嘧啶酮酰胺类化合物或其可药用盐。
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