CN112824953A - Concentric array optical system - Google Patents
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- CN112824953A CN112824953A CN201911139350.5A CN201911139350A CN112824953A CN 112824953 A CN112824953 A CN 112824953A CN 201911139350 A CN201911139350 A CN 201911139350A CN 112824953 A CN112824953 A CN 112824953A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/06—Panoramic objectives; So-called "sky lenses" including panoramic objectives having reflecting surfaces
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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Abstract
同心阵列光学系统涉及光学系统技术领域，解决了现有系统的尺寸不满足需求的问题，包括：同心透镜，目标光束经同心透镜实现一次成像；阵列透镜，所述阵列透镜设置在一次像面上，包括N个子透镜单元；目标光束经同心透镜汇聚后照射到子透镜单元上，子透镜单元使照射到其上的光束向子系统对应光轴方向偏折；子系统，一个子系统对应一个子透镜单元设置，子系统包括孔径光阑和透镜组；经子透镜单元偏折的光束先经孔径光阑限束后经透镜组二次成像。本发明可以获取很大范围的视场，同时简化了同心系统的结构，保证一个较小的系统三维空间尺寸，保证了探测器的响应强度同时降低了图像处理的难度。
The concentric array optical system relates to the technical field of optical systems, and solves the problem that the size of the existing system does not meet the requirements, including: a concentric lens, through which a target light beam realizes primary imaging; an array lens, the array lens is arranged on the primary image plane , including N sub-lens units; the target beam is converged by the concentric lens and then irradiated onto the sub-lens unit, and the sub-lens unit deflects the beam irradiated on it to the direction of the corresponding optical axis of the subsystem; for the subsystem, one subsystem corresponds to one sub-lens The lens unit is arranged, and the subsystem includes an aperture diaphragm and a lens group; the light beam deflected by the sub-lens unit is first limited by the aperture diaphragm and then imaged twice by the lens group. The invention can obtain a wide field of view, and at the same time simplifies the structure of the concentric system, ensures a smaller three-dimensional space size of the system, ensures the response intensity of the detector and reduces the difficulty of image processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical systems, in particular to a concentric array optical system.
Background
The large-view-field optical system can acquire large-view-field information, is favorable for realizing large-scale detection, and has very wide application in the fields of detection and security protection. The ratio of the axial size of the existing large-field optical system to the entrance pupil caliber of the system and the ratio of the radial size to the entrance pupil caliber of the system are generally dozens of times, so that the size requirement of practical application on the large-field optical system is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a concentric array optical system, aiming at solving the problem that the size of the existing large-field optical system cannot meet the actual requirement.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a concentric array optical system comprising:
the concentric lens is used for imaging the target light beam once to obtain a primary image surface;
an array lens including a plurality of sub-lenses disposed on a primary image plane;
the number of the subsystems is the same as that of the sub-lenses, the subsystems and the sub-lenses are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the subsystems comprise aperture diaphragms and lens groups;
the object light beams are converged by the concentric lens and then irradiated onto the sub-lens, the sub-lens deflects the light beams irradiated onto the sub-lens towards the optical axis direction of the sub-lens and then transmits the deflected light beams onto the corresponding aperture diaphragm and lens group, the aperture diaphragm limits the light beams irradiated onto the sub-lens, and the lens group carries out secondary imaging on the light beams irradiated onto the lens group;
the maximum value delta of the distance between the front surface of the sub-lens and the primary image plane satisfies the following conditions:
wherein R isfIs the front surface radius of the sub-lens; rpThe image plane radius is the primary image plane; h is the distance between the intersection point and the optical axis of the sub-lens, and the intersection point is the intersection point of the sub-lens and the primary image plane.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the concentric array optical system of the invention can acquire a wide range of fields of view while ensuring a small system three-dimensional space size. The concentric array optical system can control the ratio of the axial size of the system to the entrance pupil caliber of the system and the ratio of the radial size to the entrance pupil caliber of the system within 15: 1. The concentric lens can ensure that the imaging quality of the 0 field of the system and the imaging quality of each corresponding field of view are kept constant, and the system imaging performance of the concentric lens is ensured; the form of the concentric lens and the array lens can ensure that the system finally adopts a plane detector, thereby being convenient for practical use; meanwhile, the aperture diaphragm is arranged on the subsystem, so that the effect of a virtual diaphragm is realized on the concentric array optical system, the concentric array optical system is ensured not to adopt an entity diaphragm, and the structure of the concentric array optical system is simplified.
2. Compared with a classical concentric array lens, the light corresponding to a certain field of view can be independently imaged on one image surface, the response intensity of the detector is ensured, the difficulty of image processing is reduced, image information received by the detector can be used for directly splicing images, and the capability of effectively acquiring information is improved.
3. When the system corresponds to different fields of view of a single subsystem, the entrance pupil position of the concentric array optical system can not move, the light paths of all the fields of view of the concentric lens are kept consistent, the system forms of the concentric lens and the subsystems are simplified, the compact form, the compact size and the small structure of the optical system are ensured, and the system is beneficial to practical application. Namely, the same detection requirement is fulfilled, and the system is more compact and smaller in size. The system is convenient to install in a small space for target detection. The system of the invention does not need to adopt a curved surface detector, and all the information is received by adopting a plane detector, thereby being beneficial to the practical use of the system.
4. In the invention, most of the light rays in the same field of view enter the plane of the detector which corresponds to the plane of the detector. It rarely occurs that light rays of the same field of view are split, i.e. received by two different subsystems. The energy of the response of a certain field of view on the detector is more, so that the target information with less energy can be ensured to be responded and received by the detector. Meanwhile, the field of view information received by each subsystem basically ensures the energy consistency, and the relative illumination of the system is kept uniform.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a concentric array optical system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a simulated optical path diagram of a concentric array optical system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the individual subsystems of the concentric array optical system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnification operation parameters of the single sub-lens of the array of the concentric array optical system of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an image point diagram of a single subsystem of the concentric array optical system of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph of MTF for a single subsystem of a concentric array optical system of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the imaging lens comprises a concentric lens, 2, an array lens, 2.1, a sub-lens, 3, an aperture diaphragm, 4, a double-cemented lens, 5, a first lens, 6, a field diaphragm, 7, a primary image plane, 8, a secondary image plane, 9 and an optical axis of the sub-lens.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The concentric array optical system comprises a concentric lens 1, an array lens 2 and a subsystem comprising an aperture stop 3, a lens group and a field stop 6, as shown in fig. 1. The array lens 2 comprises N sub-lenses 2.1, the number of the sub-systems is N, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The sub-systems are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the sub-lenses 2.1. In the concentric array optical system, the target light beam realizes primary imaging through a concentric lens 1, and secondary imaging is realized through an array lens 2 and a subsystem. The array lens 2 is provided on an image plane of primary imaging.
The optical beam transmission process, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3: the target light beam is converged by the concentric lens 1 and then irradiates the sub-lens 2.1, and the light beam irradiating the sub-lens 2.1 is deflected through the sub-lens 2.1 and deflected towards the optical axis 9 direction of the sub-lens, namely deflected towards the optical axis direction of the sub-system corresponding to the sub-lens. The light beam deflected by the sub-lens 2.1 is limited by the aperture diaphragm 3 and imaged by the lens group (secondary imaging), and then is imaged on a secondary image surface 8 after the imaging range is limited by the field diaphragm 6.
The light beam is imaged once through the concentric lens 1 to obtain a primary image surface 7, the array lens 2 is located on the primary image surface 7, the light beam of the primary image surface 7 passes through the array lens 2 and is converged through the array lens 2, that is, the light beam passes through the concentric lens 1 and then irradiates onto the plurality of sub-lenses 2.1 (for example, irradiates onto all the sub-lenses 2.1, the light beam is divided into N beams), and the sub-lenses 2.1 deflect (converge) the light beam irradiating onto the sub-lenses. After deflection, the light irradiates a subsystem corresponding to the sub-lens 2.1, namely, after deflection, the light is limited by the aperture diaphragm 3, converged by the lens group and limited by the field diaphragm 6 to be imaged on a secondary image surface 8, and the field diaphragm 6 is positioned on the secondary image surface 8. Wherein the order of beam limitation of the aperture diaphragm 3 and convergence of the lens group is not limited.
The concentric lens 1 images the light beam of the object plane to a relay imaging plane. The surface type of the concentric lens 1 is a spherical surface, and the spherical center points of the spherical surface are overlapped at one point. The concentric lens 1 needs to ensure the imaging quality of a zero field of view, and the simplicity of the concentric lens 1 is ensured, which is beneficial to reducing the size and the weight of the concentric array optical system.
The array lens 2 deflects the light beams, so that the light beams correspond to the subsystems, and the field light rays corresponding to the subsystems are received by the corresponding subsystems. In order to reduce the processing cost of the array lens 2, a plastic material such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) may be used.
The aperture stop 3 is disposed near the lens group, i.e., in front of or behind the lens group, and in the present embodiment, is disposed in front of the lens group, i.e., the aperture stop 3 is disposed closer to the object plane (in front of the lens group).
The lens group is used for converging light rays incident on the lens group to an imaging surface, namely secondary imaging of the concentric array optical system. The subsystems converge the light passing through the array lens 2 to the imaging surfaces of the subsystems, the lens group mainly plays a role of converging light paths, and the lens group generally adopts a form of a cemented lens, but no specific limitation and requirement are imposed on the form of the part of lenses. The lens group comprises M spherical lenses, wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The lens group in the present embodiment includes a double cemented lens 4 and a first lens 5 with negative focal power, the aperture stop 3, the double cemented lens 4 and the first lens 5 are sequentially disposed, the double cemented lens 4 is formed by cementing two lenses with spherical surfaces, and the surface of the first lens 5 is a spherical surface. After deflection, the image is formed on a secondary image surface 8 after being limited and imaged by an aperture diaphragm 3, a double-cemented lens 4, a first lens 5 with negative focal power and a field diaphragm 6 in sequence. The power of the cemented doublet 4 is positive. The radius of curvature of the rear surface (surface close to the quadratic image plane 8) of the first lens 5 whose power is negative is larger than the radius of curvature of the front surface (surface close to the object plane) thereof.
The field stop 6 is used to limit the imaging range and to some extent also to eliminate stray light. The field stop 6 is disposed on the secondary image plane 8, and may have a hexagonal shape, a pentagonal shape, or the like, and the shape of the field stop 6 is not limited in this embodiment. As shown in fig. 3, a field stop 6 is placed at the secondary image plane 8 (subsystem image plane) for each individual subsystem.
When the concentric array optical system of the invention images on the secondary image surface 8, the common CCD or CMOS can be used for receiving, and the concentric array optical system can also be arranged on other receiving devices after being modified.
As shown in fig. 3, the concentric lens 1 images the light rays with the field angle range 2 α to the primary imaging surface, and the light rays with the half field angle α of the concentric lens 1 just come to the maximum edge of the sub-lens 2.1 of the array lens 2 at the primary imaging. That is, an angle formed by the light beam irradiated to the edge of the sub-lens 2.1 through the concentric lens 1 and the optical axis of the sub-lens 2.1 is α, and 2 α is the angle of view of the concentric lens 1 corresponding to one sub-lens 2.1, as indicated by the angle between the upper and lower dotted lines in fig. 3. The light beam emitted from the concentric lens 1 reaches the front surface (surface close to the object plane) of the sub-lens 2.1, the light beam is deflected by the refraction effect of the front surface of the sub-lens 2.1, and the light beam deflected by the front surface of the sub-lens 2.1 passes through the back surface ((surface close to the secondary image surface 8)) of the sub-lens 2.1 again, and the light beam is deflected along the original transmission direction or the original deflection trend (deflected towards the optical axis direction of the sub-lens 2.1). That is to say, the sub-lens 2.1 converges the light beam on which the snake is attracted, and the angle formed by the light beam emitted from the edge of the sub-lens 2.1 and the optical axis of the sub-lens 2.1 is smaller than alpha. The aperture of the subsystems can be reduced through the control of light rays, and the mechanical interference between the subsystems is ensured not to occur.
As shown in fig. 4, δ represents the maximum distance between the front surface of the sub-lens 2.1 and the primary image plane 7, i.e. the distance between the foremost end of the front surface of the sub-lens 2.1 (the intersection of the optical axis of the sub-lens 2.1 and the front surface) and the primary image plane 7, and δ is required to satisfy the following relation when the primary image plane 7 is located in the array lens 2
RpAn image plane radius representing the primary image plane 7 of the concentric lens 1; the sub-lens 2.1 intersects with the primary image plane 7, the distance between the intersection point of the intersection and the optical axis of the sub-lens 2.1 is h, as shown in fig. 4, the sub-lens 2.1 intersects with the primary image plane 7, the intersection position is the edge of the sub-lens 2.1 and has two intersection points, one is above the other, and the distance between any one intersection point and the optical axis of the sub-lens 2.1 is h; rfRadius of front surface of sub-lens 2.1, RfThe following relationship needs to be satisfied:
where n is the refractive index of the array lens 2; θ is the image-side half aperture angle of the concentric lens 1. That is, the arrangement position of the array lens 2 needs to satisfy the requirement of δ.
The rear surface of the sub-lens 2.1 has a radius Rr，RrThe requirements are satisfied: rrL + t, wherein L represents the distance between the center of the concentric lens 1 and the front surface of the sub-lens 2.1 in the straight line direction where the optical center of the sub-lens 2.1 and the center of the concentric lens 1 are located, namely the distance between the center of the concentric lens 1 and the vertex of the front surface of the sub-lens 2.1; t represents the maximum thickness of the array lens 2. The spherical center is located on the optical axis 9 of all the sub-lenses.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, it can be seen that the system imaging effect is good by the image point map and the transfer function curve chart of the present embodiment. In fig. 6, T represents the meridional direction S and the sagittal direction, and the included angles between the light rays in the sagittal direction and the optical axis are 2 °, 2.828 ° and 4 ° partially coincide with each other. Compared with a classical large-field-of-view optical system, the concentric array optical system has the advantages that the size of the system is very compact, and the imaging effect is good. The concentric array optical system can continuously increase the field of view by adding subsystems, and the vertical field angle of the concentric array optical system cannot exceed 180 degrees.
The concentric array optical system designed by the invention can acquire a large range of view fields and simultaneously ensure a smaller three-dimensional space size of the system. The concentric array optical system can control the ratio of the axial size of the system to the entrance pupil caliber of the system and the ratio of the radial size to the entrance pupil caliber of the system within 15: 1. The concentric lens 1 can ensure that the imaging quality of the field of view of the system 0 and the imaging quality of each corresponding field of view are kept constant, the simplicity of the optical system is ensured, the system imaging performance of the concentric lens is ensured, and the size and the weight of the large-field-of-view optical system are reduced. The form of the concentric lens 1 and the array lens 2 can ensure that the system finally adopts a plane detector, thereby being convenient for practical use. Meanwhile, the aperture diaphragm 3 is arranged on the subsystem, so that the effect of a virtual diaphragm is realized on the concentric array optical system, the concentric array optical system is ensured not to adopt an entity diaphragm, and the structure of the concentric array optical system is simplified. Compared with a classical concentric array lens, the light corresponding to a certain field of view can be independently imaged on one image surface, the response intensity of the detector is ensured, the difficulty of image processing is reduced, image information received by the detector can be used for image splicing directly in the image processing, and the capability of effectively acquiring information is improved. The system of the invention does not need to adopt a curved surface detector, and adopts a plane detector to receive information, thereby being beneficial to the practical use of the system. Meanwhile, when the system corresponds to different fields of view of a single subsystem, the position of the entrance pupil of the concentric array optical system cannot move, the light paths of the concentric lens 1 corresponding to the fields of view of the single subsystem are kept consistent, the system forms of the concentric lens 1 and the subsystems are simplified, the compact form, the compact size and the small structure of the optical system are ensured, and the system is beneficial to practical application. The system is more compact and compact in size, and is convenient to install in a smaller space for target detection.
In the invention, most of the light rays in the same field of view enter the plane of the detector which corresponds to the plane of the detector. It rarely occurs that light rays of the same field of view are split, i.e. received by two different subsystems. The energy of the response of a certain field of view on the detector is more, so that the target information with less energy can be ensured to be responded and received by the detector. Meanwhile, the field of view information received by each subsystem basically ensures the energy consistency, and the relative illumination of the subsystems is kept uniform.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A concentric array optical system, comprising:
the concentric lens (1), the target light beam is imaged once through the concentric lens (1) to obtain a primary image surface (7);
an array lens (2), the array lens (2) comprising a plurality of sub-lenses (2.1), the sub-lenses (2.1) being disposed on a primary image plane (7);
the number of the subsystems is the same as that of the sub lenses (2.1), the subsystems and the sub lenses (2.1) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the subsystems comprise aperture diaphragms (3) and lens groups;
the target light beams are converged by the concentric lens (1) and then irradiated onto the sub-lens (2.1), the sub-lens (2.1) deflects the light beams irradiated onto the sub-lens towards the optical axis direction of the sub-lens, and then transmits the light beams to the corresponding aperture diaphragm (3) and the lens group, the aperture diaphragm (3) limits the light beams irradiated onto the aperture diaphragm, and the lens group carries out secondary imaging on the light beams irradiated onto the lens group;
the maximum value delta of the distance between the front surface of the sub-lens (2.1) and the primary image surface (7) satisfies the following conditions:
wherein R isfIs the front surface radius of the sub-lens (2.1); rpIs an image of a primary image plane (7)A face radius; h is the distance between the intersection point and the optical axis (9) of the sub-lens, and the intersection point is the intersection point of the sub-lens (2.1) and the primary image plane (7).
2. The concentric array optical system of claim 1, wherein R isfSatisfies the following conditions:
wherein n is the refractive index of the array lens (2), theta is the image-side half aperture angle of the concentric lens (1), and alpha is the half field angle of the concentric lens (1) corresponding to the sub-lens (2.1).
3. Concentric array optical system according to claim 2, characterized in that the rear surface of the sub-lens (2.1) has a radius Rr，RrL + t, wherein L is the distance between the spherical center of the concentric lens (1) and the front surface of the sub-lens (2.1) in the straight line direction where the optical center of the sub-lens (2.1) and the spherical center of the concentric lens (1) are located, and t represents the maximum thickness of the array lens (2).
4. The concentric array optical system of claim 1, wherein the subsystem further comprises a field stop (6), the field stop (6) being used for limited imaging of lens group secondary imaging.
5. A concentric array optical system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the lens group includes M spherical lenses, M being an integer of 2 or more.
6. The concentric array optical system according to claim 5, wherein the lens group includes a double cemented lens (4) having positive power and a first lens (5) having negative power, and the aperture stop (3), the double cemented lens (4), and the first lens (5) are arranged in this order.
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| CN119225036A (en) * | 2024-11-28 | 2024-12-31 | 西安电子科技大学 | Ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system and design method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2018188693A1 (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-18 | Jenoptik Advanced Systems Gmbh | Monocentric reception arrangement |
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| WO2018188693A1 (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-18 | Jenoptik Advanced Systems Gmbh | Monocentric reception arrangement |
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| CN119225036A (en) * | 2024-11-28 | 2024-12-31 | 西安电子科技大学 | Ultra-small pixel, large aperture, wide-area, high-resolution optical system and design method |
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