CN112891337A - 高良姜素及其衍生物在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途 - Google Patents
高良姜素及其衍生物在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种高良姜素及其衍生物在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途,高良姜素或其任意衍生物,或其天然、合成或半合成的含高良姜素的混合物或者含有高良姜素的组合物,具有增大Kv7/M电流,显著改变细胞兴奋性的作用机制,可用于制备预防、治疗、辅助治疗神经系统疾病和病症,本发明通过增大Kv7/M电流显著改变细胞兴奋性的作用机制从未被报道过,与高良姜素的现有药物用途的作用机制也完全不同。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及神经系统疾病药物技术领域,具体地说是涉及一种高良姜素及其衍生物在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途。
背景技术
神经精神系统疾病是目前及未来最受关注的疾病之一,影响超过一半的人口。神经精神系统疾病非常缺乏有效的治疗药物,近年来国内外上市的创新药物屈指可数。同时,现有的药物不良反应较大,多次长期使用产生成瘾性、损害记忆、动作灵敏性和共济运动等毒副作用。此外,国内的治疗神经精神类疾病药物市场被进口药物所占据,价格偏高,长期服用带来较严重的经济问题。许多神经精神系统疾病(如:癫痫、疼痛、抑郁症、焦虑、中风、失眠、躁狂症、精神分裂症、痉挛、帕金森氏症、阿尔兹海默症、亨延顿症、脑外伤、脊柱损伤),都是以细胞兴奋性异常为主要特征。因而,能够改变神经元兴奋性的化合物具有改善或治疗这些疾病的作用。
M电流最初是在牛蛙交感神经节细胞上分出的一类电压依赖性钾离子电流,这种钾离子电流因可被毒蕈碱(Muscarine)强烈抑制,而称其为M电流(IM),其离子通道称为M通道。M通道引发一种低阈值、慢激活、非失活、慢去活电压依赖性钾电流。M通道电流在调节神经系统兴奋性、稳定细胞膜电位等方面发挥重要作用。Kv7.2和Kv7.3通道以四聚体形式共表达产生的电流已经被证实是M电流分子基础。有研究发现在大脑的某些部位中,Kv7.3和Kv7.5通道形成的异源多聚体通道也代表着M电流的分子基础。M电流在阈电位附近激活的电流,与神经元的兴奋性密切相关。抑制M电流,可以提高神经元的兴奋性,激活M电流,可以降低神经元的兴奋性。Kv7/M通道主要分布在脑部,包括与癫痫发作密切相关的部位,如皮层、海马、丘脑区。Kv7.2基因敲除的小鼠表现为普遍的癫痫和学习记忆障碍等。随后的研究发现Kv7/M通道也分布在与疼痛相关的传导通路中,如脊髓背根神经节、脊髓背角神经细胞以及三叉神经元等。并且Kv7/M通道在许多疼痛模型中发挥重要作用,如慢性神经性疼痛,炎性疼痛和癌骨转移疼痛等。此外,最近研究发现Kv7/M通道在抑郁症、脑卒中、学习记忆以及帕金森氏症发挥重要作用。
高良姜素是黄酮类化合物的一种,是姜科植物高良姜(Alpinia officinarumHance)根中的提取物3,5,7-三羟基黄酮,CAS号:548-83-4,分子式C15H10O5,分子量270.2。天然植物高良姜作为中药,收载于历版《中国药典》,其味辛、性热,能温胃散寒、理气止痛,常用于脘腹冷痛、胃寒呕吐、嗳气吞酸、改善微循环等。在高良姜根部的乙醇提取物中,采用优化手段可以使高良姜素的纯度达到89.39%。高良姜素具有广泛的生物学活性,如抗氧化和清除自由基、抗突变、抗致畸、抗肿瘤以及抑制肝微粒体细胞色素P450酶系。已有专利涉及高良姜素医药用途,防治肺纤维化、糖尿病脑病、抗肿瘤转移药物、防治白癜风以及制备抑制钙离子通道药物作用等。
本发明之前未发现高良姜素或其任意衍生物具有影响Kv7/M电流,显著改变神经元兴奋性的作用机制报道及专利,也未发现高良姜素或其任意衍生物具有抗癫痫活性和镇痛或以其为原料制备药物制剂用于治疗癫痫和疼痛等神经精神类疾病的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高良姜素及其衍生物在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途,以为预防和治疗神经系统疾病提供更多药物选择。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种高良姜素在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途所述高良姜素为3,5,7-三羟基黄酮,其结构式如下:
一种高良姜素衍生物在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途。
一种含高良姜素和/或其衍生物的组合物在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途。
所述神经系统疾病为以Kv7/M通道为治疗靶点的疾病。
所述神经系统疾病包括癫痫、疼痛、抑郁症、焦虑、中风、失眠、躁狂症、精神分裂症、痉挛、帕金森氏症、阿尔兹海默症、亨延顿症、脑外伤、脊柱损伤。
所述神经系统疾病为癫痫或疼痛。
所述药物为片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、微囊片剂、混悬剂、滴丸、口服液体、注射剂、气雾剂、栓剂或是皮下给药剂型中的任意一种。
所述药物为片剂,每片药物含有以下成分:高良姜素45-55mg、乳糖65-75mg、硬脂酸镁2-4mg、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮120-140mg。
所述药物为胶囊剂,每个胶囊含有以下成分:高良姜素45-55mg、乳糖65-75mg、玉米淀粉20-30mg、硬脂酸镁0.8-1.2mg、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮120-140mg。
本发明首次发现高良姜素或其任意衍生物,或天然、合成、半合成的含高良姜素或其任意衍生物的混合物能够改变神经元兴奋性,具有显著抗癫痫和镇痛活性。与目前治疗药物相比,高良姜素或其任意衍生物具有影响Kv7/M电流,改变神经元兴奋性的新作用机制。高良姜素为中药高良姜主要成份,高良姜已在临床上,因而其临床应用具有良好的毒理学安全性、代谢稳定、较小的副作用的特点,同时产生类似或提高的生物活性。制备的药物可用于预防或治疗神经精神系统疾病,如癫痫、疼痛、抑郁症、焦虑、中风、失眠、躁狂症、精神分裂症、痉挛、帕金森氏症、阿尔兹海默症、亨延顿症、脑外伤、脊柱损伤,尤其是可用于治疗癫痫、疼痛、抑郁症、中风等以Kv7/M通道为靶点的疾病/或用作化学对抗措施。此外,可用于与兴奋性相关的神经精神类疾病作用机制和神经生物学研究的化学工具药物。
本发明高良姜素在制备治疗和预防神经系统疾病药物中的用途归功于高良姜素或其衍生物增大Kv7/M电流,显著改变细胞兴奋性的作用机制,且该新的作用机制从未被报道过,与高良姜素的现有药物用途的作用机制也完全不同。
我们采用戊四唑(PTZ)导致小鼠癫痫模型,发现高良姜素具有较强的抗癫痫作用,且其抗癫痫呈现浓度依赖性增大的特点。我们采用CCI神经病理性慢性疼痛模型,发现高良姜素具有较强的缓解疼痛作用。作用机制研究,我们首次发现高良姜素通过增大Kv7/M电流,显著抑制神经元兴奋性,从而产生抗癫痫作用和缓解疼痛作用。
附图说明
图1:高良姜素浓度依赖性增大KCNQ2/Q3通道电流的曲线图。
图2:高良姜素显著提高神经病理性疼痛(CCI模型)机械刺痛和辐射热痛痛阈的结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,下述实施例仅作为说明,并不以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。
在下述实施例中未详细描述的过程和方法是本领域公知的常规方法,实施例中所用试剂均为分析纯或化学纯,且均可市购或通过本领域普通技术人员熟知的方法制备。下述实施例均实现了本发明的目的。本发明实施例中所用高良姜素购买自J&K公司。
实施例1
电生理膜片钳技术测定
(1)测试化合物:高良姜素
(2)测试方法:中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)的培养:稳转了KCNQ2/Q3通道的CHO细胞培养于含有10%胎牛血清,500ug/mL潮霉素和G418,100U/mL青霉素和链霉素B的DMEM培养液,胰酶消化传代。细胞铺于12mm的圆形盖玻片,24孔板培养。
膜片钳技术记录细胞膜电流:膜片钳放大器采用HEKA-EPC10。电极内应用两性霉素B(终浓度0.1~0.2mg/mL)做打孔膜片钳记录。微电极抛光后,灌充电极内液,控制电阻值在2~4MΩ。记录CHO细胞时所用电极内液为(mM):KCl 160,HEPES 5,MgCl2 3,CaCl2 1,EGTA3,用KOH调pH至7.4;细胞外液成分为(mM):NaCl 160,KCl 2.5,HEPES 10,glucose 8,MgCl21,CaCl2 5。微电极与细胞膜形成巨阻封接后,钳制在-80mV下等待破膜成功后,按照不同的刺激程序进行电流记录。
测试结果:如图1所示,图1A为高良姜素激活KCNQ2/3通道的电流典型图。采用-80mV作为钳制电压,去极化到-40mV引发通道电流,高良姜素能够显著激活KCNQ2/Q3通道电流。图1A显示高良姜素浓度依赖性增大-40mV下Kv7.2/Kv7.3通道激活电流。图1B显示采用logistic公式拟合量效曲线,EC50为9.45±2.8uM,Hill系数为1.4±0.6。
鉴于本发明高良姜素对KCNQ家族钾通道具有开放作用,因此认为其可适用于治疗KCNQ家族钾离子通道为治疗靶点的疾病如:癫痫、疼痛、抑郁症、中风等。
实施例2
高良姜素的药效学实验
戊四唑PTZ诱发癫痫发作模型:
实验用药:高良姜素(Galangin)的2%吐温20混悬液,对照组采用瑞替加滨的2%吐温20混悬液。实验方法:各组雄性小鼠经腹腔注射戊四唑80mg/kg诱发癫痫,观察90分钟内癫痫发作潜伏期、癫痫发作时长、癫痫发作次数以及癫痫发作等级。腹腔注射高良姜素,给药量分别为12.5mg/kg、25mg/kg,50mg/kg;对照组瑞替加滨(RTG)给药量为15mg/kg。实验结果如表1所示,高良姜素能够呈剂量依赖性显著增加戊四唑致癫痫潜伏期,并且显著降低癫痫持续时间,癫痫发作次数和癫痫发作等级。综上所述,高良姜素具有显著抗癫痫作用。
表1:高良姜素显著降低癫痫持续发作时间、癫痫发作次数、癫痫发作等级和死亡率。
注:*显著性水平为0.05,**显著性水平为0.01。
坐骨神经慢性压迫性神经性疼痛模型(CCI):实验用药:高良姜素(Galangin,Gal)的2%吐温20混悬液,对照组采用KCNQ通道特异性抑制剂XE991和高良姜素的2%吐温20混悬液。实验方法:各组雄性大鼠用4-0号羊肠铬线在坐骨神经上打结,共打四个结。打结力度以引起同侧后肢出现微弱收缩为标准。腹腔注射高良姜素,一天1次,连续给药14天,给药量分别为12.5mg/kg、25mg/kg;对照组给药量为25mg/kg高良姜素+3mg/kg XE991。测量手术前和手术后第1,3,5,7,10,14天大鼠机械痛及热痛阈值。图2实验结果:(A)高良姜素能够显著提高大鼠CCI手术后1-14天机械刺痛痛阈,XE991能够显著抑制高良姜素提高机械刺痛痛阈的作用;(B)高良姜素能够显著提高大鼠CCI手术后1-14天辐射热痛痛阈,XE991能够显著抑制高良姜素提高辐射热痛痛阈的作用。综上所述,高良姜素具有显著镇痛作用。
实施例3
按照本领域已知的方法制备片剂,每片含有下述成分:
高良姜素50mg、乳糖70mg、硬脂酸镁3mg、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮130mg。
按照本领域已知的方法制备胶囊剂,每个胶囊含有下述成分:
高良姜素50mg、乳糖70mg、玉米淀粉25mg、硬脂酸镁1mg、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮130mg。
Claims (10)
1.一种高良姜素在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途。
3.一种高良姜素衍生物在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途。
4.一种含高良姜素和/或其衍生物的组合物在制备预防和治疗神经系统疾病药物中的用途。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的用途,其特征是,所述神经系统疾病为以Kv7/M通道为治疗靶点的疾病。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征是,所述神经系统疾病包括癫痫、疼痛、抑郁症、焦虑、中风、失眠、躁狂症、精神分裂症、痉挛、帕金森氏症、阿尔兹海默症、亨延顿症、脑外伤、脊柱损伤。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用途,其特征是,所述神经系统疾病为癫痫或疼痛。
8.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的用途,其特征是,所述药物为片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、微囊片剂、混悬剂、滴丸、口服液体、注射剂、气雾剂、栓剂或是皮下给药剂型中的任意一种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征是,所述药物为片剂,每片药物含有以下成分:高良姜素45-55mg、乳糖65-75mg、硬脂酸镁2-4mg、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮120-140mg。
10.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征是,所述药物为胶囊剂,每个胶囊含有以下成分:高良姜素45-55mg、乳糖65-75mg、玉米淀粉20-30mg、硬脂酸镁0.8-1.2mg、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮120-140mg。
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