CN112993560A - Antenna structure and phased array antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides an antenna structure and phased array antenna relates to phased array antenna technical field. The antenna structure comprises a feed structure, a radiation patch, a first feed probe, a second feed probe, a third feed probe and a power divider, wherein the first feed probe, the second feed probe, the third feed probe and the power divider are all connected with the radiation patch, the first feed probe, the second feed probe and the third feed probe are respectively connected with a branch of the power divider, and the feed structure is connected with a junction of the power divider, wherein the first feed probe, the second feed probe and the third feed probe are arranged in an equilateral triangle manner, so that the feed phase difference of the first feed probe, the second feed probe and the third feed probe is sequentially increased by 120 degrees. The antenna structure and the phased array antenna have the advantages that phase center offset is improved, and grating lobes caused by periodic changes of the phase centers when the array is rotated are avoided.

Description

An antenna structure and phased array antenna

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of phased array antennas, and in particular, to an antenna structure and a phased array antenna.

Background technique

At present, circularly polarized antennas are widely used in our daily life.

However, the current circularly polarized antennas generally use single-fed and double-fed antenna feed structures. Due to the asymmetry of the single-fed and double-fed feed structures, the antenna pattern may be out of circle and the phase center may deviate from the antenna geometry. Center, phase center offset When the array is rotated, grating lobes will appear in the array scan.

To sum up, the existing circularly polarized antenna has the problem that the phase center of the antenna is shifted, and there is a problem of grating lobes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present application is to provide an antenna structure and a phased array antenna, so as to solve the problem that the phase center of the antenna is shifted and grating lobes exist in the circularly polarized antenna in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

In one aspect, the present application provides an antenna structure, the antenna structure includes a feed structure, a radiation patch, a first feed probe, a second feed probe, a third feed probe, and a power divider, The first feeding probe, the second feeding probe, the third feeding probe and the power divider are all connected to the radiation patch, and the first feeding probe, The second feeding probe and the third feeding probe are respectively connected to the branches of the power divider, and the feeding structure is connected to the joint of the power divider, wherein,

The first feeding probe, the second feeding probe and the third feeding probe are arranged in an equilateral triangle, so that the first feeding probe, the second feeding probe The feeding phase difference between the probe and the third feeding probe is sequentially increased by 120°.

Optionally, the feeding structure includes a feeding line, a coaxial-like inner conductor, a coaxial-like outer conductor, and a coupling slot, and the coaxial-like inner conductor is respectively connected to the coaxial-like outer conductor and the feeding line. , the joint of the feed line and the power divider is coupled through the coupling slot, and transmits radio frequency signals.

Optionally, the antenna structure further includes a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, and a third dielectric layer, and the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, and the third dielectric layer are connected layer by layer;

The first feeding probe, the second feeding probe and the third feeding probe all pass through the first dielectric layer, and the coaxial-like inner conductor passes through the third dielectric Floor.

Optionally, the third dielectric layer includes a first sub-dielectric layer, a second sub-dielectric layer, a third sub-dielectric layer, a fourth sub-dielectric layer, and a fifth sub-dielectric layer, and the first sub-dielectric layer, all the the second sub-dielectric layer, the third sub-dielectric layer, the fourth sub-dielectric layer and the fifth sub-dielectric layer are connected layer by layer;

The coaxial-like outer conductor passes through the first sub-dielectric layer, the second sub-dielectric layer, the third sub-dielectric layer and the fourth sub-dielectric layer; the coaxial-like inner conductor passes through the first sub-dielectric layer, the second sub-dielectric layer, the third sub-dielectric layer, the fourth sub-dielectric layer, and the fifth sub-dielectric layer.

Optionally, the second dielectric layer includes a metal layer, and the third dielectric layer is formed by pressing through holes on each of the sub-dielectric layers.

Optionally, the first dielectric layer includes a sixth sub-dielectric layer and a seventh sub-dielectric layer, and the sixth sub-dielectric layer and the seventh sub-dielectric layer are provided with through holes and then pressed together to form the sixth sub-dielectric layer. a dielectric layer.

Optionally, the power divider includes a three-in-one power divider.

On the other hand, the present application also provides the phased array antenna, which includes a plurality of the above-mentioned antenna structures, and the plurality of the antenna structures are rotated and spliced to form the phased array antenna.

Optionally, the rotation angle and feed phase of each of the antenna structures satisfy the formula:

表示天线结构的旋转角度，

表示天线结构的馈电相位，m=1、2…M，P≠M/2，P=2n，n表示1~M的随机数，M表示天线结构的数量。in,

represents the rotation angle of the antenna structure,

Represents the feed phase of the antenna structure, m=1, 2...M, P≠M/2, P=2n, n represents a random number from 1 to M, and M represents the number of antenna structures.

Optionally, M=8 and P=2.

Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

The present application provides an antenna structure and a phased array antenna. The antenna structure includes a feed structure, a radiation patch, a first feed probe, a second feed probe, a third feed probe, and a power divider , the first feed probe, the second feed probe, the third feed probe and the power divider are all connected to the radiation patch, the first feed probe, the second feed probe, the third feed probe The probes are respectively connected to the branches of the power divider, and the feed structure is connected to the joint of the power divider, wherein the first feed probe, the second feed probe and the third feed probe are equilateral triangles Arranged so that the feeding phase difference of the first feeding probe, the second feeding probe and the third feeding probe is sequentially increased by 120°. Since the present application adopts the method of three feeding probes, and the feeding phase difference of the three feeding probes increases by 120° in turn, the phase center offset can be improved, and the periodic change of the phase center when the array is rotated can be avoided. caused grating lobes.

In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the preferred embodiments are exemplified below, and are described in detail as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application more clearly, the following drawings will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore do not It should be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the dielectric layers of the antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of splicing of a phased array antenna in the prior art.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of splicing of a phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.

In the figure: 100-antenna structure; 110-feeding structure; 120-radiating patch; 130-power splitter; 140-first feeding probe; 150-second feeding probe; 160-third feeding Probe; 111-feed line; 112-type coaxial inner conductor; 113-type coaxial outer conductor; 114-coupling slot; 190-first dielectric layer; 180-second dielectric layer; 170-third dielectric layer; 171- the first sub-dielectric layer; 172- the second sub-dielectric layer; 173- the third sub-dielectric layer; 174- the fourth sub-dielectric layer; 175- the fifth sub-dielectric layer; 191- the sixth sub-dielectric layer; 192- The seventh sub-dielectric layer; 181-the eighth sub-dielectric layer; 182-the ninth sub-dielectric layer.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments It is a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the application as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that like numerals and letters refer to like items in the following figures, so once an item is defined in one figure, it does not require further definition and explanation in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

As mentioned in the background art, the current circularly polarized phased arrays are often formed by rotating the circularly polarized element antennas in sequence. The electrical structure is asymmetric, the antenna pattern is out of circle, and the phase center deviates from the geometric center of the antenna. When the phase center is offset, the grating lobe problem will occur when the array is rotated.

In view of this, in order to solve the above problems, the present application provides an antenna structure, which improves the offset of the phase center by setting three feeding probes, and avoids the grid caused by the periodic change of the phase center when the array is rotated. flap problem.

The following is an exemplary description of the antenna structure provided by the present application:

As an optional implementation, please refer to FIG. 1 , the antenna structure 100 includes a feed structure 110 , a radiation patch 120 , a first feed probe 140 , a second feed probe 150 , and a third feed probe The needle 160 and the power divider 130, the first feed probe 140, the second feed probe 150, the third feed probe 160 and the power divider 130 are all connected to the radiation patch 120, and the first feed probe 140 , the second feeding probe 150 , and the third feeding probe 160 are respectively connected to the branches of the power divider 130 , and the feeding structure 110 is connected to the joint of the power divider 130 .

The first feeding probe 140 , the second feeding probe 150 and the third feeding probe 160 are arranged in an equilateral triangle, so that the first feeding probe 140 , the second feeding probe 150 and the third feeding probe 160 are arranged in an equilateral triangle. The feeding phase difference of the third feeding probe 160 is sequentially increased by 120°. In other words, the feeding phases of the first feeding probe 140 , the second feeding probe 150 and the third feeding probe 160 may be 0°, 120°, and 240° in sequence. It should be noted that the phase difference between the feeding probes is realized by the line length of each branch of the power divider 130 , that is, by adjusting the line length of the power divider 130 , the three feeding probes can be equilaterally arranged. Arranged in triangles.

By arranging three feeding probes, the bandwidth of the unit antenna can be expanded, the influence of the antenna axial ratio and the high-order mode can be reduced, and the antenna performance can be improved. Moreover, compared with the traditional single-fed and double-fed antenna feeding structures, the antenna structure provided by the present application improves the problem of antenna phase center offset, and simultaneously avoids the grating lobes caused by the phase center offset of the rotating array.

As an implementation manner, the power divider 130 provided by the present application adopts a three-in-one power divider, and a three-in-one power divider refers to a power divider provided with three branches and one combining circuit, so that each power divider of the power divider is The ends of each branch are connected with a feeding probe.

Optionally, please refer to FIG. 2 , the feeding structure includes a feeding line 111 , a coaxial-like inner conductor 112 , a coaxial-like outer conductor 113 and a coupling slot 114 . The feed line 111 is connected, and the joint of the feed line 111 and the power divider 130 is coupled through the coupling slot 114, and transmits radio frequency signals.

In the prior art, the coaxial-like inner conductor 112 of the antenna structure is directly connected to the joint of the power divider 130 through the feed line 111 . However, this connection method not only has a narrow bandwidth, but also has a relatively complicated processing technology. Among them, if the direct connection between the two is adopted, the entire dielectric layer needs to be drilled through holes. However, since the dielectric layer contains a metal layer, in order to perforate, it is necessary to use the process of back drilling and deep hole control. The process is relatively complicated.

In view of this, in order to simplify the processing technology and expand the bandwidth of the antenna, the present application uses coupling between the coaxial-like inner conductor 112 and the power divider 130 to transmit radio frequency signals.

As an implementation, please refer to FIG. 3 , the antenna structure provided by the present application further includes a first dielectric layer 190 , a second dielectric layer 180 and a third dielectric layer 170 , the first dielectric layer 190 , the second dielectric layer 180 and the third dielectric layer 170 The three dielectric layers 170 are connected layer by layer;

The first feeding probe 140 , the second feeding probe 150 and the third feeding probe 160 all pass through the first dielectric layer 190 , and the coaxial-like inner conductor 112 passes through the third dielectric layer 170 . It should be noted that the second dielectric layer 180 includes a metal layer, since neither the feeding probe nor the coaxial-like inner conductor 112 will pass through the second dielectric layer 180 when processing the antenna structure provided by the present application, therefore, There is no need to process the metal layer, the steps of using back drilling, deep hole control and other processes are reduced, and the processing technology is simpler.

Optionally, the third dielectric layer 170 includes a first sub-dielectric layer 171, a second sub-dielectric layer 172, a third sub-dielectric layer 173, a fourth sub-dielectric layer 174, and a fifth sub-dielectric layer 175. The first sub-dielectric layer 175 171, the second sub-dielectric layer 172, the third sub-dielectric layer 173, the fourth sub-dielectric layer 174 and the fifth sub-dielectric layer 175 are connected layer by layer;

The coaxial-like outer conductor 113 passes through the first sub-dielectric layer 171 , the second sub-dielectric layer 172 , the third sub-dielectric layer 173 and the fourth sub-dielectric layer 174 ; the coaxial-like inner conductor 112 passes through the first sub-dielectric layer 171 , the second sub-dielectric layer 172 , the third sub-dielectric layer 173 , the fourth sub-dielectric layer 174 and the fifth sub-dielectric layer 175 . It should be noted that, during the processing, through holes are actually drilled on each sub-medium, and then the antenna structure of the present application is processed by pressing.

In other words, firstly, through holes corresponding to the coaxial-like outer conductor 113 are formed on the first sub-dielectric layer 171, the second sub-dielectric layer 172, the third sub-dielectric layer 173 and the fourth sub-dielectric layer 174, and then the first sub-dielectric layer is The layer 171, the second sub-dielectric layer 172, the third sub-dielectric layer 173, the fourth sub-dielectric layer 174 and the fifth sub-dielectric layer 175 are pressed together, and then continue on the first sub-dielectric layer 171 and the second sub-dielectric layer 172. Through holes corresponding to the quasi-coaxial inner conductors 112 are formed on the third sub-dielectric layer 173 , the fourth sub-dielectric layer 174 and the fifth sub-dielectric layer 175 to obtain the third dielectric layer 170 . It can be understood that, since each sub-dielectric layer can be realized by means of through holes, the processing method is simpler.

In addition, the first dielectric layer 190 includes a sixth sub-dielectric layer 191 and a seventh sub-dielectric layer 192. Through holes are provided on the sixth sub-dielectric layer 191 and the seventh sub-dielectric layer 192, and the first dielectric layer 190 is formed by pressing. Wherein, the sixth sub-dielectric layer 191 and the seventh sub-dielectric layer 192 are also provided with through holes, so that the feeding probes pass through the through holes.

Optionally, the second dielectric layer 180 includes an eighth sub-dielectric layer 181 and a ninth sub-dielectric layer 182, the eighth sub-dielectric layer 181 and the ninth sub-dielectric layer 182 are connected, and the eighth sub-dielectric layer 181 and the ninth sub-dielectric layer 182 are connected. A metal layer is included between the dielectric layers 182 .

Therefore, when processing the antenna structure in the present application, firstly, the third dielectric layer 170 is punched, and the second dielectric layer 180 is not processed, but is directly stacked on the third dielectric layer 170, and then the first dielectric layer 170 is directly stacked. 190 is re-drilled, and the first dielectric layer 190 is stacked on the second dielectric layer 180, and finally unified pressing is performed to form the antenna junction provided by the present application. Through the above implementation manner, the processing technology can be effectively simplified.

Based on the above implementation manner, the present application further provides a phased array antenna, the phased array antenna includes a plurality of the above-mentioned antenna structures, and the plurality of antenna structures are rotated and spliced to form a phased array antenna. It can be understood that each antenna structure can be used as an antenna unit.

The existing circularly polarized phased arrays are often formed by rotating the circularly polarized element antennas in sequence, and usually four antenna elements are used as a group, which are rotated 90 degrees in sequence. Please refer to FIG. 4 , which is a schematic diagram of splicing of a phased array antenna in the prior art. However, the large-scanning angle-to-axis ratio of the phased array in this rotating array method deteriorates seriously, and the gain decreases sharply, especially in the high-frequency part, which narrows the bandwidth of the phased array.

According to the theory of rotating arrays, the rotation angle and feed phase of each antenna structure satisfy the formula:

表示天线结构的旋转角度，

表示天线结构的馈电相位，m=1、2…M，P≠M/2，P=2n，n表示1~M的随机数，M表示天线结构的数量。in,

represents the rotation angle of the antenna structure,

Represents the feed phase of the antenna structure, m=1, 2...M, P≠M/2, P=2n, n represents a random number from 1 to M, and M represents the number of antenna structures.

Among them, the values of P and M will affect the feed-phase error, and the larger M is, the smaller the P is, and the smaller the feed-phase error is. At the same time, the multiple reflections require that P≠M/2 and P=2n to cancel the effects of higher-order modes.

Therefore, through verification, it is known that the present application adopts the manner of M=8 and P=2 to realize the rotating array of the antenna structure. That is, as shown in FIG. 5 , the antenna structure provided by the present application is rotated by 45° in turn, and a small array is formed by rotating every four antenna structures, and then the two small arrays are spliced into a large array, thereby obtaining the antenna structure provided by the present application. Phased Array Antenna. Moreover, the rotation angles of the antenna structures of one of the small arrays are arranged counterclockwise as "0°, 45°, 90°, 135°", respectively, and the rotation angles of the antenna structures of the other small array are arranged counterclockwise as "0°, 45°, 90°, 135°" respectively 180°, 225°, 270°, 315°”.

This setting method can not only improve the effects of the channel feed phase error, multiple reflections of the signal, high-order modes and other factors, such as the severe deterioration of the front scan axis ratio and the rapid decrease of the gain scan, etc., but also can increase the axis ratio bandwidth and standing wave. bandwidth.

To sum up, the present application provides an antenna structure and a phased array antenna, the antenna structure includes a feed structure, a radiation patch, a first feed probe, a second feed probe, and a third feed probe Needle and power divider, the first feed probe, the second feed probe, the third feed probe and the power divider are all connected to the radiation patch, the first feed probe, the second feed probe and the third feeding probes are respectively connected with the branches of the power divider, and the feeding structure is connected with the joint of the power divider, wherein the first feeding probe, the second feeding probe and the third feeding probe are The needles are arranged in an equilateral triangle, so that the feeding phase difference of the first feeding probe, the second feeding probe and the third feeding probe is sequentially increased by 120°. Since the present application adopts the method of three feeding probes, and the feeding phase difference of the three feeding probes increases by 120° in turn, the phase center offset can be improved, and the periodic change of the phase center when the array is rotated can be avoided. caused grating lobes.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this application shall be included within the protection scope of this application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the present application can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. Accordingly, the embodiments are to be regarded in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the application is to be defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, which is therefore intended to fall within the scope of the claims. All changes that come within the meaning and scope of equivalents to are included in this application. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the involved claim.

Claims (10)

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that the antenna structure comprises a feed structure, a radiation patch, a first feed probe, a second feed probe, a third feed probe and a power divider, so The first feeding probe, the second feeding probe, the third feeding probe and the power divider are all connected to the radiation patch, and the first feeding probe, the The second feeding probe and the third feeding probe are respectively connected to the branches of the power divider, and the feeding structure is connected to the joint of the power divider, wherein, The first feeding probe, the second feeding probe and the third feeding probe are arranged in an equilateral triangle, so that the first feeding probe, the second feeding probe The feeding phase difference between the probe and the third feeding probe is sequentially increased by 120°. 2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, wherein the feeding structure comprises a feeding line, a coaxial-like inner conductor, a coaxial-like outer conductor, and a coupling slot, and the coaxial-like inner conductor is respectively connected with the coaxial-like inner conductor. The quasi-coaxial outer conductor is connected with the feed line, and the coupling between the feed line and the power divider is coupled through the coupling slot, and transmits radio frequency signals. 3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, wherein the antenna structure further comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer and a third dielectric layer, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer is connected layer by layer; The first feeding probe, the second feeding probe and the third feeding probe all pass through the first dielectric layer, and the coaxial-like inner conductor passes through the third dielectric Floor. 4. The antenna structure according to claim 3, wherein the third dielectric layer comprises a first sub-dielectric layer, a second sub-dielectric layer, a third sub-dielectric layer, a fourth sub-dielectric layer and a fifth sub-dielectric layer a dielectric layer, the first sub-dielectric layer, the second sub-dielectric layer, the third sub-dielectric layer, the fourth sub-dielectric layer and the fifth sub-dielectric layer are connected layer by layer; The coaxial-like outer conductor passes through the first sub-dielectric layer, the second sub-dielectric layer, the third sub-dielectric layer and the fourth sub-dielectric layer; the coaxial-like inner conductor passes through the first sub-dielectric layer, the second sub-dielectric layer, the third sub-dielectric layer, the fourth sub-dielectric layer, and the fifth sub-dielectric layer. 5 . The antenna structure according to claim 4 , wherein the second dielectric layer comprises a metal layer, and a through hole is provided on each of the sub-dielectric layers to form the third dielectric layer by pressing. 6 . 6. The antenna structure according to claim 4, wherein the first dielectric layer comprises a sixth sub-dielectric layer and a seventh sub-dielectric layer, and the sixth sub-dielectric layer and the seventh sub-dielectric layer The first dielectric layer is formed by pressing through holes on the layer. 7. The antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the power divider comprises a three-in-one power divider. 8. A phased array antenna, characterized in that, the phased array antenna comprises a plurality of antenna structures according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and a plurality of the antenna structures are rotated and spliced to form the phased array antenna. array antenna. 9. The phased array antenna of claim 8, wherein the rotation angle of each of the antenna structures and the feed phase satisfy the formula:

in,

represents the rotation angle of the antenna structure,

Represents the feed phase of the antenna structure, m=1, 2...M, P≠M/2, P=2n, n represents a random number from 1 to M, and M represents the number of antenna structures. 10 . The phased array antenna of claim 9 , wherein M=8 and P=2. 11 .

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