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CN113078428B - A Frequency Multiplier for Spatial Power Synthesis Based on Mode Conversion - Google Patents

A Frequency Multiplier for Spatial Power Synthesis Based on Mode Conversion Download PDF

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CN113078428B
CN113078428B CN202110348505.7A CN202110348505A CN113078428B CN 113078428 B CN113078428 B CN 113078428B CN 202110348505 A CN202110348505 A CN 202110348505A CN 113078428 B CN113078428 B CN 113078428B
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frequency multiplier
shielding cavity
waveguide
mode
power synthesis
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CN113078428A (en
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张勇
王莉
魏浩淼
邓乐
陈阳
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies

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Abstract

本发明提供一种基于模式转换的空间功率合成倍频器，属于空间功率合成倍频器领域。本发明创新性的提出采用模式转换方式解决传统空间功率合成倍频器能量利用不高的问题，通过将金属膜片设置于屏蔽腔的场强最强处，让设置在金属膜片上的非线性器件最大程度耦合到相等的能量，以此使倍频器工作在较好的工作状态，从而获得较大的输出功率。

Figure 202110348505

The invention provides a space power synthesis frequency multiplier based on mode conversion, which belongs to the field of space power synthesis frequency multiplier. The invention innovatively proposes to adopt the mode conversion method to solve the problem of low energy utilization of the traditional space power synthesis frequency multiplier. The linear device is coupled to the same energy to the greatest extent, so that the frequency multiplier works in a better working state, so as to obtain a larger output power.

Figure 202110348505

Description

Space power synthesis frequency multiplier based on mode conversion
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of space power synthesis frequency multipliers, and particularly relates to a space power synthesis frequency multiplier based on mode conversion.
Background
When the millimeter wave and terahertz frequency multiplier are used as frequency sources, certain output power is required. Since the solid-state frequency multiplier is realized mainly by using microwave semiconductor devices, however, the microwave semiconductor devices have the limitation of power capacity, and the power generated by a single device cannot meet the requirement of a frequency source. Therefore, a power synthesis technique is needed to obtain a high-power frequency multiplier, so as to effectively solve the problem of the power capacity limitation of the frequency multiplier in the traditional form.
At present, the high-power frequency multiplier is mainly a power synthesis frequency multiplier, which includes a T-type section power synthesis frequency multiplier and a traditional space power synthesis frequency multiplier. For the traditional magic T or T-shaped section power synthesis frequency multiplier, the problem of large volume exists, and the requirement of miniaturization of the design of the current device is not met; although the traditional space power synthesis frequency multiplier has a small volume, the main mode transmission is required in the whole frequency multiplier circuit, so that the nonlinear devices symmetrically arranged on the upper layer and the lower layer of a metal membrane of the frequency multiplier circuit cannot be positioned at the place with the maximum field intensity, and the energy cannot be utilized to the maximum extent.
Therefore, how to design a space power synthesis frequency multiplier with miniaturization and higher energy utilization efficiency becomes an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the background art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a spatial power synthesis frequency multiplier based on mode conversion. The invention innovatively provides a mode conversion mode for solving the problem of low energy utilization of the traditional space power synthesis frequency multiplier, and the device enables the nonlinear device arranged on the metal diaphragm to be coupled to equal energy to the maximum extent by arranging the metal diaphragm at the strongest field intensity position of the shielding cavity, so that the frequency multiplier works in a better working state, and therefore, higher output power is obtained.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a space power synthesis frequency multiplier based on mode conversion comprises an input waveguide, an output waveguide, a shielding cavity, n layers of metal films and a nonlinear device; the surface of the shielding cavity, which is vertical to the signal transmission direction, is an electric wall, the input waveguide is connected with the side surface of the shielding cavity, which is close to the electric wall, the output waveguide is connected with an output port of the shielding cavity, the input waveguide, the output waveguide and the shielding cavity are cuboids, and the electric field directions of the input waveguide and the shielding cavity are vertical; the n layers of metal films are respectively arranged at the position where the electric field mode field intensity is strongest in the shielding cavity, and the nonlinear device is arranged on each layer of metal film.
Furthermore, the size of the shielding cavity and the distance between the input port of the input waveguide and the position where the shielding cavity is connected and the electric wall of the shielding cavity jointly realize the electric field mode from TE10To TEn0And (4) switching modes.
Furthermore, the input waveguide and the output waveguide are standard waveguides, and the size is determined by the working frequency.
Further, the inner walls of the shielding cavity and the waveguide should be flat and smooth to reduce the loss of the whole frequency multiplier.
Furthermore, the metal film is in a fin line shape, the frequency multiplier achieves the effect of impedance matching by adjusting the gap and the shape of the metal film in the fin line shape, and the thicker the thickness of the metal film, the larger the loss of the frequency multiplier.
Furthermore, each layer of metal film is provided with a nonlinear device or the upper side and the lower side of the metal film are provided with nonlinear devices in parallel.
Further, notThe linear device is arranged at the antinode of each metal film and is theoretically 0.25 lambda of a short-circuit surface (the connecting surface of the shielding cavity and the output waveguide)gPosition, λgIs the waveguide wavelength.
Furthermore, the number n of the modes is consistent with the number n of the layers of the metal diaphragm, and n is more than or equal to 2.
Further, when n is 2, the two layers of metal diaphragms are respectively arranged at the positions where the field intensity of the shielding cavity is strongest, namely 1/4 and 3/4 positions of the wide side of the shielding cavity.
The mechanism of the invention is as follows: since the electric fields of the input waveguide and the shielding cavity are vertically distributed, when TE is used10When the electromagnetic wave of the mode passes through the input waveguide and enters the shielding cavity, because one end face of the shielding cavity is an electric wall, if the distance between the electric wall and the coupling surface meets the TE n01/4 waveguide wavelength of the mode, i.e. TEn0Boundary condition of mode excited, TEn0The mode can be excited and thus mode conversion can be achieved. And TEN0The mode field structure is formed by arranging n TEs on the wide side a of the waveguide10The property of the mode field structure is known, and the electric field mode is realized in the shielding cavity of the input waveguide and the frequency doubling circuit and is TE10-TEn0When the mode is switched, the n layers of metal films are all positioned at the position with the maximum field intensity in the shielding cavity, an equal-power distribution network can be obtained, the same energy can be coupled to the nonlinear device to the maximum extent, so that the frequency multiplier works in a better state, and therefore the space power synthesis frequency multiplier based on the mode switching can obtain larger output power compared with the traditional form.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the space power synthesis frequency multiplier adopts a mode conversion principle, and the metal diaphragm is arranged at the position with the maximum field intensity of the shielding cavity, so that the nonlinear device positioned on the metal diaphragm can be coupled to equal energy to the maximum extent under the master mode transmission, the energy for exciting the nonlinear device is increased, and the output power is the sum of the output powers of a plurality of nonlinear devices, therefore, the frequency multiplier works in a better working state, can obtain larger output power compared with the traditional form, and realizes higher energy utilization efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional model diagram of a mode-switched spatial power synthesis frequency multiplier according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a shielded cavity in a mode-switched spatial power combining frequency multiplier of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the simulation result of the electric field distribution of the input part of the spatial power synthesis frequency multiplier;
wherein, (a) is the mode conversion space power synthesis frequency multiplier of the invention; (b) the frequency multiplier is a traditional space power synthesis frequency multiplier.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the electric field mode conversion loss of the mode-switched spatial power combining frequency multiplier of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings.
A three-dimensional model diagram of a space power synthesis frequency multiplier based on mode conversion is shown in figure 1 and comprises an input waveguide, an output waveguide and a shielding cavity, wherein due to the limitation of a processing technology, the input waveguide, the output waveguide and the shielding cavity are respectively composed of an upper half cavity and a lower half cavity which are symmetrical, the side surface of the input waveguide where a wide edge a of the shielding cavity is located is connected, the central points of the input waveguide and the shielding cavity are overlapped, the output waveguide is connected with an output port of the shielding cavity, and the central points of the output waveguide and the shielding cavity are overlapped to form a tight waveguide and shielding cavity; n layers of metal films are respectively arranged at the strongest part of the electric field intensity in the upper and lower mode conversion half-cavities of the shielding cavity, and a nonlinear device is arranged on each layer of metal film, and the common size adjustment of the input waveguide and the shielding cavity ensures that the electric field mode is changed from TE10To TEn0And (4) switching modes.
The whole frequency multiplier adopts a substrate-free design, so that the loss can be reduced, but the spatial power synthesis frequency multiplier determines that the nonlinear devices arranged at the upper layer and the lower layer must be strictly symmetrical, otherwise, larger errors can be generated. Therefore, strict requirements are imposed on the processing technology when the cavity is processed. The cavity body is mainly formed by an upper mode conversion half cavity and a lower mode conversion half cavity which are symmetrical, the cavity body material is required to have the characteristics of high conductivity, corrosion resistance, easiness in processing and the like, the cavity body processing is an important process step in the invention, the strict symmetry of the upper cavity body and the lower cavity body and the smoothness of the symmetrical surfaces of the cavity bodies must be ensured, and a tight shielding cavity is formed after the upper cavity body and the lower cavity body are overlapped; the inner wall forming the waveguide must also be smooth to reduce signal loss during transmission.
According to TEN0The mode field structure is formed by arranging n TEs on the wide side a of the shielding cavity10The nature of the field structure of the die is such that the corresponding metal diaphragm should be placed in forming the TEn0TE in mode10The field strength in the mode is strongest so that the nonlinear device mounted on the metal diaphragm is coupled to the same energy to the maximum extent.
Example 1
When n is 2, according to TE20The characteristics of the wave electromagnetic field are known: TE20The mode field structure is formed by arranging 2 TEs on the wide side a of the guided wave10The structure of the mode field is formed, and due to the variation characteristic of sine and cosine functions, the directions of the field and the power line of two adjacent unit structures are opposite, and the electric field intensity is strongest at the centers of an upper layer and a lower layer. According to the characteristics, the upper and lower layers of metal diaphragms are respectively arranged at 1/4 and 3/4, namely the positions with the strongest field intensity at the wide side a of the frequency doubling circuit shielding cavity, and the nonlinear devices are respectively arranged at the antinodes of the upper and lower layers of metal diaphragms, generally lambda of a short-circuit surfacegAt/4, not only the equal power distribution network can be obtained, but also the maximum energy can be coupled to the nonlinear device, so that the frequency multiplier can work in a better state. The cross-sectional view of the shielded cavity is now shown in figure 2.
Diodes can be arranged on the upper side and the lower side of each metal diaphragm in parallel, so that the output power is increased.
The matching circuit of the space power synthesis frequency multiplier based on mode conversion is realized by a fin line, the fin line is realized by a metal membrane, fundamental waves and harmonic signals with lower frequency are suppressed by utilizing the high-pass characteristic brought by the size of an output waveguide (the passing cut-off frequency of the output waveguide is improved and the harmonic signals with lower frequency are suppressed by carrying out height reduction treatment on the wide side of the output waveguide), and an electromagnetic field transmitted in the fin line is the same as the mode of a coupling waveguide thereof, so that the matching is easier, and the broadband characteristic is realized; non-linear devices can be arranged according to requirements to form a circuit with an anti-parallel topological structure to suppress even harmonics. Because the frequency doubling circuit is composed of an upper layer and a lower layer, strict symmetry is ensured when the nonlinear device is installed, and the frequency doubling circuit can reduce errors and play a role in suppressing stray in the frequency multiplier.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the simulation result of the electric field distribution of the input part of the spatial power synthesis frequency multiplier; wherein, the diagram (a) is the electric field distribution diagram of the mode conversion space power synthesis frequency multiplier of the invention, and the diagram (b) is the electric field distribution diagram of the traditional space power synthesis frequency multiplier. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the mode in the shielded cavity of the mode-switched spatial power combining frequency multiplier is TE20I.e. by arranging two TEs on the broadside a10The mode field structure is formed, and compared with the traditional space power synthesis frequency multiplier, the 2 layers of metal diaphragms can be respectively placed on the TE10The field strength in the mode is the strongest, so that the energy is utilized to the maximum.
In order to verify the present invention, a frequency multiplier with a fundamental frequency of 120GHz was selected as the verification, and the mode converter in the present invention was simulated, and the electric field mode conversion loss thereof is shown in fig. 4. From the curve dB (S (1: 1; 2:2)) in FIG. 4 it can be seen that: the value of dB (S (1: 1; 2:2)) is-0.1924 at 120GHz, which shows that the loss of the electric field is small when the mode conversion is carried out, and the feasibility is realized. Therefore, the mode conversion-based spatial power synthesis frequency multiplier can effectively solve the problem that the energy of the traditional spatial power synthesis frequency multiplier cannot be fully utilized, and can obtain larger output power compared with the traditional mode.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the disclosed features, or all of the method or process steps, may be combined in any combination, except mutually exclusive features and/or steps.

Claims (7)

1.一种基于模式转换的空间功率合成倍频器，其特征在于，包括输入波导、输出波导、屏蔽腔、n层金属膜片和非线性器件；所述屏蔽腔与信号传输方向垂直的一端面为电壁，输入波导与屏蔽腔靠近电壁的侧面相连接，输出波导与屏蔽腔的输出端口相连接；输入波导、输出波导和屏蔽腔均为长方体，输入波导和屏蔽腔的电场方向垂直；n层金属膜片分别设置于屏蔽腔中电场模式场强最强处，非线性器件设置于每层金属膜片上；屏蔽腔的尺寸，以及输入波导和屏蔽腔连接处与屏蔽腔电壁的距离，共同实现电场模式由TE10向TEn0模式的转换；其中，模式数n和金属膜片层数n一致，n≥2。1. A space power synthesis frequency multiplier based on mode conversion, characterized in that it comprises an input waveguide, an output waveguide, a shielding cavity, an n-layer metal diaphragm and a nonlinear device; the shielding cavity is perpendicular to the signal transmission direction. The end face is an electric wall, the input waveguide is connected to the side of the shielding cavity close to the electric wall, and the output waveguide is connected to the output port of the shielding cavity; the input waveguide, the output waveguide and the shielding cavity are all rectangular parallelepipeds, and the electric field directions of the input waveguide and the shielding cavity are vertical. ; n-layer metal diaphragms are respectively arranged at the strongest electric field mode field in the shielding cavity, and the nonlinear device is arranged on each metal diaphragm; the size of the shielding cavity, and the connection between the input waveguide and the shielding cavity and the shielding cavity electric wall The distance of , realizes the conversion of the electric field mode from TE 10 to TE n0 mode; among them, the mode number n is consistent with the metal film layer number n, n≥2. 2.如权利要求1所述的空间功率合成倍频器，其特征在于，输入波导和输出波导均选用标准波导，尺寸由工作频率决定。2 . The space power synthesis frequency multiplier according to claim 1 , wherein the input waveguide and the output waveguide are both standard waveguides, and the size is determined by the operating frequency. 3 . 3.如权利要求1所述的空间功率合成倍频器，其特征在于，屏蔽腔和波导的内壁应平整光滑。3 . The spatial power synthesis frequency multiplier according to claim 1 , wherein the inner walls of the shielding cavity and the waveguide should be flat and smooth. 4 . 4.如权利要求1所述的空间功率合成倍频器，其特征在于，金属膜片均为鳍线形状，通过调整鳍线形状的金属膜片的缝隙以及形状使倍频器达到阻抗匹配的效果，金属膜片的厚度越厚倍频器的损耗越大。4. The space power synthesizing frequency multiplier according to claim 1, wherein the metal diaphragms are all in the shape of fin lines, and the frequency multiplier can achieve impedance matching by adjusting the gap and shape of the metal diaphragms in the shape of the fin lines. As a result, the thicker the metal diaphragm, the greater the loss of the frequency multiplier. 5.如权利要求1所述的空间功率合成倍频器，其特征在于，每层金属膜片上的设置一个非线性器件或金属膜片上下两侧并联设置非线性器件。5 . The spatial power synthesis frequency multiplier according to claim 1 , wherein a nonlinear device is arranged on each metal diaphragm or a nonlinear device is arranged in parallel on the upper and lower sides of the metal diaphragm. 6 . 6.如权利要求1所述的空间功率合成倍频器，其特征在于，非线性器件设置于每层金属膜片的波腹处，为短路面的
Figure 749249DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
位置，
Figure 371116DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
为波导波长。6. The space power synthesizing frequency multiplier according to claim 1, wherein the nonlinear device is arranged at the antinode of each layer of metal diaphragm, which is a short-circuit surface.
Figure 749249DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Location,
Figure 371116DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is the waveguide wavelength. 7.如权利要求1所述的空间功率合成倍频器，其特征在于，当n为2时，两层的金属膜片分别设置于屏蔽腔的场强最强处，即屏蔽腔宽边的1/4及3/4位置。7. The space power synthesizing frequency multiplier according to claim 1, wherein when n is 2, the two-layer metal diaphragms are respectively arranged at the places where the field strength of the shielding cavity is the strongest, that is, the width of the shielding cavity. 1/4 and 3/4 positions.
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