CN113107351B - Top drive main shaft control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a top drive main shaft control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency, which comprises the following steps: precisely controlling the rotary swinging tool surface of the top drive main shaft; precisely controlling the forward and reverse bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft according to the set angle value psi; precisely controlling the forward and reverse torsion of the top drive main shaft according to the set forward torque value and reverse torque value; and controlling the top drive main shaft to correct the tool surface in real time in the forward and reverse bidirectional torsion process according to the set angle value or the torque value. The method comprehensively considers various working conditions of sliding guide, and can meet the requirements of the directional process of complex structure wells such as horizontal wells, large-displacement wells and the like; meanwhile, the operability is strong, and the device is more practical. According to the method provided by the invention, the friction and the torque in sliding guide drilling are reduced by more than 50% on average and can reach 80% at maximum, the average mechanical drilling speed is improved by more than 30%, and the resistance reduction and speed increase effects are obvious; and has the advantages of low cost, high reliability and low risk.

Description

A top drive spindle control method to improve sliding guide drilling efficiency

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum engineering drilling, and in particular to a top drive spindle control method that improves sliding guide drilling efficiency.

Background technique

With the continuous advancement of drilling technology and the needs of oil and gas exploration and development, more and more directional wells, horizontal wells and extended reach wells are drilled. The sliding guide using a curved screw (or curved joint) plus a measurement while drilling (MWD) instrument is still the most commonly used orientation method at present. It only relies on bottom-hole power drilling tools to drive the drill bit to rotate and break the drill string without rotating. In rock, the inclination angle and azimuth angle of the wellbore are changed by sliding steering tools to control the wellbore trajectory. However, since the drill string does not rotate, there is static friction between the drill string and the well wall. The friction value is high and it is easy to support the pressure. As the landing angle and horizontal displacement increase, the disadvantages of sliding drilling become more and more obvious, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) It is difficult for the drill bit to maintain a constant drilling weight, resulting in a significant decrease in the mechanical penetration rate and unstable tool surface, which affects sliding drilling. The trajectory control effect; (2) In order to apply drilling pressure to the drill bit, the driller needs to release the hook load excessively. Improper operation will cause the pump to be held back, which can easily damage the drill bit, power drilling tools, etc.; (3) The driller needs to frequently lift and lower the drill. Tools release drilling tool friction and torque, reorient the tool face, and reduce sliding drilling efficiency.

In order to solve the above technical problems, research on the method of controlling top drive bidirectional twisting of the drill string to reduce resistance and increase speed during sliding drilling has been carried out at home and abroad. After searching, CN101466911A discloses a "Device and Method for Oscillating Drill String". The main contents of this patent include the following steps: (a) rotating the drill string in the first direction until it reaches the first limit position; ( b) Rotating the drill string in a second direction until a second limit is reached; said first and second limits being based on the magnitude of energy applied during rotation. This method sets the applied energy value in the two rotation directions to control the drill string swing amplitude. According to the energy formula J=∫ωτdt, it can be seen that the energy value is related to the two parameters of torque τ and swing angular velocity ω, so it is set The energy value method of swinging the drill string is unscientific and affects the drag reduction effect. Publication number CN106050216A discloses "A Top Drive Torsion Drag Reduction Method and Device for Improving Sliding Drilling Efficiency". This patent details the forward and reverse torque setting methods and related devices for controlling the top drive torsion drill string, without mentioning And the functions of pendulum tool face, angle twisting, and tool face correction during twisting work are difficult to meet the requirements of sliding guide drilling process. The publication number is CN108227495A, which discloses "An Adaptive Sliding Steering Drilling Control System and Control Method". This patent describes how to control the top drive in real time based on the difference between the designed tool face angle and the MWD measured tool face angle. Rotation to achieve adaptive adjustment of the downhole tool face angle in sliding steering drilling. There is no mention of the method of reducing resistance and increasing speed by controlling the forward and reverse twisting of the drill string in the top drive.

The top drive control system and method represented by the above-mentioned patents has a single function and is difficult to meet the actual process requirements of sliding guidance of complex structure wells such as horizontal wells and large displacement wells; and the control method is theoretical, and there is a big gap between it and the actual situation, and its practicality Poor.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to address the defects and shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a top drive spindle control method that is fully functional, more efficient and practical to improve sliding guide drilling efficiency.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A top drive spindle control method that improves sliding guide drilling efficiency includes:

Step 1: Set the forward torsion limit torque T _{positive max} of the top drive spindle and the reverse torsion limit torque T _{inverse max} according to the drill string model, and set the maximum no-load rotation torque of the drill string T _{no-load max} ;

Step 2: Swing the tool face. According to the difference between the designed tool face and the actual tool face, control the forward and reverse rotation of the top drive spindle according to the set angle value, and adjust the tool face to the appropriate angle;

Step 3: After arranging the tool surface, start the drawworks to lower the drill string and control the top drive spindle to twist in both forward and reverse directions; when the well depth or horizontal displacement is not large, twist in both directions according to the angle value; when the well depth or horizontal displacement is large, press Angle value or positive and negative torque value to twist in both directions;

Step 4: If during the process of controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the top drive spindle according to the angle value or the forward and reverse torque values, the tool surface drifts and is significantly different from the designed tool surface, control the top drive spindle to correct the tool surface in real time;

Step 5: When the sliding guide ends, or the friction value is low and there is no supporting pressure, stop the top drive spindle rotation.

The above solutions further include:

The first step also includes setting the pendulum tool face speed v ₁ and the forward and reverse torsion speed v ₂ .

Further, the pendulum tool face speed v ₁ is set to 3 rpm; the setting range of the forward and reverse torsion speed v ₂ of the top drive is controlled to be 5 to 15 rpm, and when a drill string of more than 5" is used, the well inclination and horizontal displacement are small, v ₂ sets the lower limit of deviation. When using a small drill string of less than 5" and the well depth and horizontal displacement are large, v ₂ sets the upper limit of deviation.

The setting method of the maximum torque of no-load rotation of the drill string T _{no-load max} is to lift the drill string 5 to 10m away from the bottom of the well, control the top drive spindle to rotate forward at a torsion speed v ₂ , and record the maximum torque value of the top drive, which is T _{No-load max} ; the forward torsion limit torque T _{positive max} is less than the drill string buckling torque T _buckle , and the reverse torsion limit torque T _{reverse max} is smaller than the drill string buckling torque T _buckle ; the forward twisting torque value T _is smaller than the forward twisting torque T. The reverse torsional limit torque T _{positive max} , the reverse torsional torque value T _negative is required to be less than the reverse torsional limit torque T _{negative max} ; when the well inclination and horizontal displacement are small, T _positive = T _{no-load max} × 0.4, T _negative = T _positive × 0.7; when the well inclination and horizontal displacement are large, T _positive = T _{no-load max} × (0.7~0.8), T _negative = T _positive × 0.7.

The method of swinging the tool face in the second step is: if the absolute value of the difference between the designed tool face θ ₁ and the measured tool face θ ₂ |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |>20°, set the swing tool face angle θ = |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |, if θ ₁ > θ ₂ , the top drive spindle is controlled to rotate forward (clockwise) through an angle θ at speed v ₁ ; if θ ₁ < θ ₂ , the top drive spindle is controlled to rotate in the reverse direction at speed v ₁ (Counterclockwise) rotation angle θ, thereby accurately controlling the pendulum tool surface.

Furthermore, based on the analysis of drilling conditions and actual drilling data, the torsion angle value ψ is initially set, and the top drive spindle is controlled to first rotate forward to the angle value ψ and stop, then reversely rotate the angle value 2ψ to stop, and then rotate forward to the angle value ψ. The value is 2ψ, and it keeps twisting in both forward and reverse directions within the angle range of 2ψ until it stops, and the twisting speed is v ₂ ;

The real-time adjustment method of the torsion angle value ψ is:

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, the friction between the drill string and the well wall is large, and the back pressure is still severe, then increase the torsion angle value ψ;

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ downhole floats around a certain value, then reduce the torsion angle value ψ;

Adjust the torsion angle value ψ in real time according to the above adjustment method until the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ | ≤ 20°, and the friction value between the drill string and the well wall is significantly reduced.

In the third step, the method of bidirectional twisting according to the forward and reverse torque values is:

According to the measured maximum torque of no-load rotation of the drill string T _{no-load max} , initially set the forward torsion torque value T _forward and the reverse torsion torque value T _inverse , and start the twisting action according to the torque value;

From a standstill, the top drive spindle first rotates forward until the actual torque value reaches T _positive , the top drive decelerates and brakes to stop, and then reverses until the reverse torque value reaches T _negative , the top drive decelerates and brakes to stop, and then rotates forward, that's it. The top drive twists in both forward and reverse directions within the range of T _positive and T _negative torque values, and the twisting speed is v ₂ ;

The forward torsional torque value T _forward and the reverse torsional torque value T _inverse real-time adjustment method are:

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, and the friction between the drill string and the well wall is large, and the back pressure is still serious, then increase the forward torsional torque value T _forward and the reverse torsional torque value T _inverse at the same time;

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ gradually increases in the forward direction, the forward torsional torque value T _positive is reduced, or the reverse torsional torque value T is _increased ;

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ gradually increases in the reverse direction, the reverse torsional torque value T is _reduced , or the forward torsional torque value T _is increased;

If the measured downhole tool face angle θ ₂ floats around a certain value, the forward torsional torque value T _positive and the reverse torsional torque value T _negative are reduced at the same time;

According to the above adjustment method, adjust the forward torsional torque value T _forward and the reverse torsional torque value T _in real time until the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ | ≤ 20°, and the drill string and the well wall are The friction value is greatly reduced.

In the fourth step, during the two-way twisting process according to the set angle value or the forward and reverse torque values, the tool surface drifts. If the absolute value of the difference between the designed tool surface θ ₁ and the measured tool surface θ ₂ |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |>20°, control the top drive spindle to correct the tool surface in real time;

During the twisting process according to the set angle value ψ, the steps to correct the tool surface are:

If θ ₁ > θ ₂ , set the corrected tool face angle α = θ ₁ -θ ₂ . When the top drive spindle rotates forward to the set angle value ψ, it continues to rotate forward at angle α to stop, and then reverses the angle. to 2ψ, then rotate forward by 2ψ, then reverse by 2ψ, always twisting within the angle range of 2ψ;

If θ ₁ < θ ₂ , set the corrected tool face angle α = 360 - (θ ₂ - θ ₁ ). When the top drive spindle rotates forward to the set angle value ψ, it continues to rotate forward at angle α to stop, and then reverses. , the inversion angle is 2ψ, then forward rotation 2ψ, then reverse rotation 2ψ, always twisting in the 2ψ angle range;

During the process of twisting according to the set torque value, the steps to correct the tool surface are:

If θ ₁ > θ ₂ , set the corrected tool face angle α = θ ₁ - θ ₂ . When the top drive spindle rotates forward _to the set torque value T, it continues to rotate forward at an angle α and then stops, and then reverses to the reverse direction. When the torque value reaches T _reverse , it stops, and then turns to the forward direction. The torque value reaches T _positive , and continues to twist within the range of T _positive and T _reverse torque values;

If θ ₁ < θ ₂ , then set the corrected tool face angle α = 360-(θ ₂ - θ ₁ ). When the top drive spindle rotates forward _to the forward torque value T, continue to rotate forward through the angle α, stop, and then reverse. Turn to the reverse torque value T _to stop, then turn to the forward direction and the torque value reaches T _positive , and continue to twist within the range of T _positive and T _negative torque values;

According to the above adjustment method, the tool face is corrected in real time until the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |≤20°.

Further, when adjusting the tool face angle, twisting in two directions according to the angle value or the forward and reverse torque values, or correcting the tool face during the twisting process, when the forward torque value T _{positive is} greater than or equal to the forward twisting limit torque T _{positive max} , or reverse When the torque value T _inverse is greater than or equal to the reverse torsion limit torque T _{inverse max} , the top drive immediately decelerates to a stop and brakes.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

The method of the present invention comprehensively considers various working conditions of the sliding guide, and has various functions such as precise control of the pendulum tool face, two-way twisting according to angle, two-way twisting according to torque, and real-time correction of the tool face during the process of twisting according to angle or torque. It meets the sliding orientation process requirements for complex structure wells such as extended reach wells and horizontal wells; at the same time, this control method is highly operable and more practical. According to this control method, field application shows that the friction resistance and torque during sliding guide drilling are reduced by more than 50% on average, up to 80%, and the average mechanical drilling speed is increased by more than 30%. The effect of reducing resistance and increasing speed is obvious.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a flow chart of the control method according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a human-computer interaction interface of the top drive spindle bidirectional torsion control system based on the control method of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The working principle of the technical solution of the present invention is: during the sliding guidance process, through this control method, the top drive spindle is controlled to twist in two directions according to the set angle or forward and reverse torque values, and the top drive spindle drives the drill string to twist in two directions, thereby turning the drill string. The static friction with the well wall changes to dynamic friction, thereby greatly reducing the friction; by setting the angle, the top drive rotary pendulum tool face can be accurately controlled, and the tool face can be accurately corrected during the torsion process, greatly improving the sliding guide Drilling efficiency.

Based on the above working principle, the present invention provides a top drive spindle control method that improves sliding guide drilling efficiency, including the following four functions: accurately controlling the top drive spindle to rotate and swing the tool face; accurately controlling the top drive according to the set angle value ψ The spindle twists in both forward and reverse directions; _{according to} the forward twisting torque value T, the forward and reverse twisting torque values T are reversed to accurately control the forward and reverse twisting of the top drive spindle; according to the set angle value or torque value, the top drive spindle is controlled during the two-way twisting process. Correction of tool surfaces in real time.

Example 1:

In order to realize the above functions, a top drive spindle control method to improve the efficiency of sliding guide drilling is given, including:

Step 1: Set the forward torsion limit torque T _{positive max} of the top drive spindle and the reverse torsion limit torque T _{inverse max} according to the drill string model, and set the maximum no-load rotation torque of the drill string T _{no-load max} ;

Step 2: Swing the tool face. According to the difference between the designed tool face and the actual tool face, control the forward and reverse rotation of the top drive spindle according to the set angle value, and adjust the tool face to the appropriate angle;

Step 3: After arranging the tool surface, start the drawworks to lower the drill string and control the top drive spindle to twist in both forward and reverse directions; when the well depth or horizontal displacement is not large, twist in both directions according to the angle value; when the well depth or horizontal displacement is large, press Angle value or positive and negative torque value to twist in both directions;

Step 4: If during the process of controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the top drive spindle according to the angle value or the forward and reverse torque values, the tool surface drifts and is significantly different from the designed tool surface, control the top drive spindle to correct the tool surface in real time;

Step 5: When the sliding guide ends, or the friction value is low and there is no supporting pressure, stop the top drive spindle rotation.

in:

The first step also includes setting the pendulum tool face speed v ₁ and the forward and reverse torsion speed v ₂ .

Further, the pendulum tool face speed v ₁ is set to 3 rpm; the setting range of the forward and reverse torsion speed v ₂ of the top drive is controlled to be 5 to 15 rpm, and when a drill string of more than 5" is used, the well inclination and horizontal displacement are small, v ₂ sets the lower limit of deviation. When using a small drill string of less than 5" and the well depth and horizontal displacement are large, v ₂ sets the upper limit of deviation.

The setting method of the maximum torque of no-load rotation of the drill string T _{no-load max} is to lift the drill string 5 to 10m away from the bottom of the well, control the top drive spindle to rotate forward at a torsion speed v ₂ , and record the maximum torque value of the top drive, which is T _{No-load max} ; the forward torsion limit torque T _{positive max} is less than the drill string buckling torque T _buckle , and the reverse torsion limit torque T _{reverse max} is smaller than the drill string buckling torque T _buckle ; the forward twisting torque value T _is smaller than the forward twisting torque T. The reverse torsional limit torque T _{positive max} , the reverse torsional torque value T _negative is required to be less than the reverse torsional limit torque T _{negative max} ; when the well inclination and horizontal displacement are small, T _positive = T _{no-load max} × 0.4, T _negative = T _positive × 0.7; when the well inclination and horizontal displacement are large, T _positive = T _{no-load max} × (0.7~0.8), T _negative = T _positive × 0.7.

The method of swinging the tool face in the second step is: if the absolute value of the difference between the designed tool face θ ₁ and the measured tool face θ ₂ |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |>20°, set the swing tool face angle θ = |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |, if θ ₁ > θ ₂ , the top drive spindle is controlled to rotate forward (clockwise) through an angle θ at speed v ₁ ; if θ ₁ < θ ₂ , the top drive spindle is controlled to rotate in the reverse direction at speed v ₁ (Counterclockwise) rotation angle θ, thereby accurately controlling the pendulum tool surface.

Furthermore, based on the analysis of drilling conditions and actual drilling data, the torsion angle value ψ is initially set, and the top drive spindle is controlled to first rotate forward to the angle value ψ and stop, then reversely rotate the angle value 2ψ to stop, and then rotate forward to the angle value ψ. The value is 2ψ, and it keeps twisting in both forward and reverse directions within the angle range of 2ψ until it stops, and the twisting speed is v ₂ ;

The real-time adjustment method of the torsion angle value ψ is:

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, the friction between the drill string and the well wall is large, and the back pressure is still severe, then increase the torsion angle value ψ;

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ downhole floats around a certain value, then reduce the torsion angle value ψ;

Adjust the torsion angle value ψ in real time according to the above adjustment method until the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ | ≤ 20°, and the friction value between the drill string and the well wall is significantly reduced.

In the third step, the method of bidirectional twisting according to the forward and reverse torque values is:

According to the measured maximum torque of no-load rotation of the drill string T _{no-load max} , initially set the forward torsion torque value T _forward and the reverse torsion torque value T _inverse , and start the twisting action according to the torque value;

From a standstill, the top drive spindle first rotates forward until the actual torque value reaches T _positive , the top drive decelerates and brakes to stop, and then reverses until the reverse torque value reaches T _negative , the top drive decelerates and brakes to stop, and then rotates forward, that's it. The top drive twists in both forward and reverse directions within the range of T _positive and T _negative torque values, and the twisting speed is v ₂ ;

The forward torsional torque value T _forward and the reverse torsional torque value T _inverse real-time adjustment method are:

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, and the friction between the drill string and the well wall is large, and the back pressure is still serious, then increase the forward torsional torque value T _forward and the reverse torsional torque value T _inverse at the same time;

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ gradually increases in the forward direction, the forward torsional torque value T _positive is reduced, or the reverse torsional torque value T is _increased ;

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ gradually increases in the reverse direction, the reverse torsional torque value T is _reduced , or the forward torsional torque value T _is increased;

If the measured downhole tool face angle θ ₂ floats around a certain value, the forward torsional torque value T _positive and the reverse torsional torque value T _negative are reduced at the same time;

According to the above adjustment method, adjust the forward torsional torque value T _forward and the reverse torsional torque value T _in real time until the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ | ≤ 20°, and the drill string and the well wall are The friction value is greatly reduced.

In the fourth step, during the two-way twisting process according to the set angle value or the forward and reverse torque values, the tool surface drifts. If the absolute value of the difference between the designed tool surface θ ₁ and the measured tool surface θ ₂ |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |>20°, control the top drive spindle to correct the tool surface in real time;

During the twisting process according to the set angle value ψ, the steps to correct the tool surface are:

If θ ₁ > θ ₂ , set the corrected tool face angle α = θ ₁ -θ ₂ . When the top drive spindle rotates forward to the set angle value ψ, it continues to rotate forward at angle α to stop, and then reverses the angle. to 2ψ, then rotate forward by 2ψ, then reverse by 2ψ, always twisting within the angle range of 2ψ;

If θ ₁ < θ ₂ , set the corrected tool face angle α = 360 - (θ ₂ - θ ₁ ). When the top drive spindle rotates forward to the set angle value ψ, it continues to rotate forward at angle α to stop, and then reverses. , the inversion angle is 2ψ, then forward rotation 2ψ, then reverse rotation 2ψ, always twisting in the 2ψ angle range;

During the process of twisting according to the set torque value, the steps to correct the tool surface are:

If θ ₁ > θ ₂ , set the corrected tool face angle α = θ ₁ - θ ₂ . When the top drive spindle rotates forward _to the set torque value T, it continues to rotate forward at an angle α and then stops, and then reverses to the reverse direction. When the torque value reaches T _reverse , it stops, and then turns to the forward direction. The torque value reaches T _positive , and continues to twist within the range of T _positive and T _reverse torque values;

If θ ₁ < θ ₂ , then set the corrected tool face angle α = 360-(θ ₂ - θ ₁ ). When the top drive spindle rotates forward _to the forward torque value T, continue to rotate forward through the angle α, stop, and then reverse. Turn to the reverse torque value T _to stop, then turn to the forward direction and the torque value reaches T _positive , and continue to twist within the range of T _positive and T _negative torque values;

According to the above adjustment method, the tool face is corrected in real time until the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |≤20°.

Further, when adjusting the tool face angle, twisting in two directions according to the angle value or the forward and reverse torque values, or correcting the tool face during the twisting process, when the forward torque value T _{positive is} greater than or equal to the forward twisting limit torque T _{positive max} , or reverse When the torque value T _inverse is greater than or equal to the reverse torsion limit torque T _{inverse max} , the top drive immediately decelerates to a stop and brakes.

Example 2:

A top drive spindle control method that improves sliding guide drilling efficiency includes:

Step 1: Set the forward torsion limit torque T _{positive max} of the top drive spindle and the reverse torsion limit torque T _{inverse max} according to the drill string model, and set the maximum no-load rotation torque of the drill string T _{no-load max} ;

Step 2: Swing the tool face. According to the difference between the designed tool face and the actual tool face, control the forward and reverse rotation of the top drive spindle according to the set angle value, and adjust the tool face to the appropriate angle;

Step 3: After arranging the tool surface, start the drawworks to lower the drill string and control the top drive spindle to twist in both forward and reverse directions; when the well depth or horizontal displacement is not large, twist in both directions according to the angle value; when the well depth or horizontal displacement is large, press Angle value or positive and negative torque value to twist in both directions;

Step 4: If during the process of controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the top drive spindle according to the angle value or the forward and reverse torque values, the tool surface drifts and is significantly different from the designed tool surface, control the top drive spindle to correct the tool surface in real time;

Step 5: When the sliding guide ends, or the friction value is low and there is no supporting pressure, stop the top drive spindle rotation.

in:

Set the pendulum tool face speed v ₁ and the forward and reverse torsion speed v ₂ ;

Set the forward torsion limit torque T _{positive max} , the reverse torsion limit torque T _{inverse max} , and the drill string no-load rotation maximum torque T _{no-load max} .

Generally, the tool face speed v ₁ of the top drive spindle rotation pendulum is controlled to be 3 rpm;

The setting range of v ₂ to control the forward and reverse torsional speed of the top drive spindle is generally 5 to 15 rpm. When using a drill string of 5" or more, the well inclination and horizontal displacement are small, v ₂ is set to a lower limit value, use 2 7/8 ", 3 1/2" and other small-sized drill strings, when the well depth and horizontal displacement are large, v ₂ is set to the upper limit.

The method for setting the maximum torque of the drill string in no-load rotation, T _{no-load max} , is to lift the drill string 5 to 10 m away from the bottom of the well, rotate the top drive spindle in the forward direction at a torsional speed v ₂ , and record the maximum torque value of the top drive, which is T _{no-load max} . _{Load max} ;

The forward torsion limit torque T _{positive max} should be smaller than the drill string buckling torque T _buckle , and the reverse torsion limit torque T _{reverse max} should be smaller than the drill string buckling torque T _buckle . The breaking torque value on the drill string is based on the specifications and models of the drill string and can be found in the drill string manual.

The forward torsion torque value T _is smaller than the forward torsion limit torque T _{positive max} , and the reverse twist torque value T is _smaller than the reverse torsion limit torque T _{positive max} .

Generally, when the well inclination and horizontal displacement are small, T _positive = T _{no-load max} × 0.4, and T _inverse = T _positive × 0.7; when the well inclination and horizontal displacement are large, T _positive = T _{no-load max} × (0.7~0.8 ), T _inverse = T _positive × 0.7.

Generally, if the absolute value of the difference between the designed tool surface θ ₁ and the measured tool surface θ ₂ |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |>20°, set the pendulum tool surface angle θ = |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |, if θ ₁ > θ ₂ , then control the forward (clockwise) rotation angle θ of the top drive spindle. If θ ₁ < θ ₂ , control the reverse (counterclockwise) rotation angle θ of the top drive spindle, thereby accurately controlling the pendulum tool surface.

The steps to control the forward and reverse rotation of the top drive spindle according to the set angle value ψ are:

Based on the analysis of drilling conditions and actual drilling data, the angle ψ is initially set, and the top drive spindle is controlled to rotate forward at an angle ψ from stationary to stop, then rotate reversely at an angle 2ψ and stop, and then rotate forward at an angle 2ψ, so that it always rotates at 2ψ. It twists in both forward and reverse directions within the angle range until it stops, and the forward and reverse twisting speed is v ₂ .

The twist angle value ψ can be adjusted in real time. The adjustment principle is:

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, the friction between the drill string and the well wall is large, and the back pressure is still severe, the torsion angle value ψ needs to be increased;

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ downhole fluctuates around a certain value, the torsion angle value ψ needs to be reduced.

According to the above adjustment method, until the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ | ≤ 20°, and the friction value between the drill string and the well wall is greatly reduced, the sliding steer drilling efficiency is greatly improved.

The method to accurately control the forward and reverse rotation of the top drive spindle according to the set torque value is:

According to the measured maximum torque of no-load rotation of the drill string T _{no-load max} , initially set the forward torsion torque value T _forward and the reverse torsion torque value T _inverse , and start the twisting action according to the torque value;

From a standstill, the top drive spindle first rotates forward until the actual torque value reaches T _positive , the top drive decelerates and brakes to stop, and then reverses until the reverse torque value reaches T _negative , the top drive decelerates and brakes to stop, and then rotates forward, that's it. The electric turntable or top drive twists forward and backward within the range of T _forward and T _reaction torque values until it stops, and the forward and reverse twisting speed is v ₂ .

The forward torsional torque value T _forward and the reverse torsional torque value T _inverse can be adjusted in real time. The adjustment method is:

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, and the friction between the drill string and the well wall is large, and the back pressure is still serious, it is necessary to increase the forward torsional torque value T _forward and the reverse torsional torque value T _inverse at the same time;

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ gradually increases in the forward direction, the forward torsional torque value _Tpositive needs to be reduced, or the reverse torsional torque value _{Tnegative needs} to be increased;

If the measured tool face angle θ ₂ gradually increases in the reverse direction, it is necessary to reduce the reverse torsional torque value _Treverse , or increase the forward torsional torque value _Tpositive ;

If the measured downhole tool face angle θ ₂ floats around a certain value, the forward torsional torque value T _positive and the reverse torsional torque value T _negative need to be reduced at the same time.

According to the above adjustment method, until the measured tool face angle θ ₂ remains unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ | ≤ 20°, and the friction value between the drill string and the well wall is greatly reduced, the sliding steer drilling efficiency is greatly improved.

During the forward and reverse twisting process according to the set angle value or torque value, if |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |＞20°, the top drive spindle needs to be controlled to correct the tool surface in real time. The specific correction method is as follows:

During the twisting process according to the set angle value ψ, the steps to correct the tool surface are:

If θ ₁ > θ ₂ , set the corrected tool face angle α = θ ₁ -θ ₂ . When the top drive spindle rotates forward to the set angle value ψ, it continues to rotate forward at angle α to stop, and then reverses the angle. to 2ψ, then rotate forward by 2ψ, then reverse by 2ψ, and then continue to twist within the angle range of 2ψ.

If θ ₁ < θ ₂ , set the corrected tool face angle α = 360 - (θ ₂ - θ ₁ ). When the top drive spindle rotates forward to the set angle value ψ, it continues to rotate forward at angle α to stop, and then reverses. The inversion angle is 2ψ, then forward rotation is 2ψ, then reverse rotation is 2ψ, and then it is always twisted within the 2ψ angle range.

During the process of twisting according to the set torque value, the steps to correct the tool surface are:

If θ ₁ > θ ₂ , set the corrected tool face angle α = θ ₁ - θ ₂ . When the top drive spindle rotates forward _to the set torque value T, it continues to rotate forward at an angle α and then stops, and then reverses to the reverse direction. When the torque value reaches T _reverse , it stops, and then turns to the forward direction. The torque value reaches T _positive , and then continues to twist within the range of T _positive and T _reverse torque values.

If θ ₁ < θ ₂ , then set the corrected tool face angle α = 360-(θ ₂ - θ ₁ ). When the top drive spindle rotates forward _to the forward torque value T, continue to rotate forward through the angle α, stop, and then reverse. Turn to the reverse torque value T _to stop, then turn to the forward torque value to reach T _positive , and continue to twist within the range of T _positive and T _negative torque values.

When adjusting the tool face angle, twisting according to the set angle value or forward and reverse torque value, or correcting the tool face during the twisting process, when the forward torque value T _{positive is} greater than or equal to the forward twisting limit torque T _{positive max} , or the reverse torque When the value T _inverse is greater than or equal to the reverse torsion limit torque T _{inverse max} , the top drive immediately decelerates to a stop and brakes.

Example 3:

Refer to the process flow chart of the top drive spindle control method in Figure 1. The specific implementation process is as follows:

The first step: System parameter setting, mainly setting the left and right twisting limit torque of the top drive spindle according to the drill string model, and setting the reduction ratio according to the structure of the top drive gearbox;

Step 2: Move the tool face. According to the difference between the designed tool face and the actual tool face, control the rotation of the top drive to adjust the tool face to the appropriate angle;

Step 3: After arranging the tool surface, start the drawworks to lower the drill string and control the top drive spindle to rotate in both directions. When the well depth or horizontal displacement is not large, it is recommended to twist according to the set angle value; when the well depth or horizontal displacement is large, it can be twisted in both directions according to the angle or positive and negative torque values;

Step 4: If the tool surface drifts during the rotation according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque values, and the tool surface is significantly different from the designed tool surface, correct the tool surface in real time;

Step 5: When the sliding guide ends, or the friction value is low and there is no supporting pressure, stop the top drive spindle rotation operation.

Figure 2 is a human-computer interaction interface of the top drive spindle bidirectional torsion control system based on the top drive spindle control method of the present invention, which mainly includes pendulum tool surface, torque torsion, angle torsion, and tool correction through torsional collision during the torsion process. Face and other functions. The specific control methods are explained as follows:

Swinging the tool face: Swinging the tool face is the prerequisite for accurate guidance according to the drilling engineering design, and is a necessary step for orientation. For example, when orienting a certain well section, the designed tool face θ ₁ =90°, if the measured tool face on site is θ ₂ =30°, then θ = |θ ₁ -θ ₂ | = 60°>20°, and θ ₁ > θ ₂ , you need to control the forward (clockwise) rotation angle of the top drive spindle to 60°. In the pendulum tool panel column in Figure 1, set the angle to 60°, and then press the "Forward Rotation" button to control the system action, swing the tool face to 90°.

Twist according to the set torque value: In the actual orientation process of a certain well, when the well depth is 2637 meters and the well inclination is 60.4°, the sliding orientation friction is 12 to 16 tons, the friction is high, and the back pressure is serious. At this time, in the torque and twist column of Figure 1, set the left-hand torque to 1600N.m and the right-hand torque to 2300N.m. Click the "Twist Start" button to control the drill string to twist in both directions according to the set left and right torque values. After twisting The friction is reduced to less than 4 tons, and the drag reduction effect is obvious. When you need to end the twisting action, click the "End Twist" button.

Twisting according to the set angle value: In the actual orientation process of a certain well, when the well depth is 2892 meters and the well inclination is 63.5°, the sliding directional friction is 24 tons, the friction is high, and the back pressure is serious. At this time, in the angle twist column of Figure 1, set the rotation angle to 500°, click the "Twist Start" button, and control the drill string to twist in both directions according to the set angle value. The total amplitude of left and right twist is 1000°. After implementing the angle twist The friction is reduced to 4.5 tons, and the drag reduction effect is obvious. When you need to end the twisting action, click the "End Twist" button.

Torsional collision: During the two-way twisting process according to the set torque value or angle value, if the actual tool surface θ ₂ deviates greatly from the designed tool surface θ ₁ , the tool surface needs to be corrected through torsional collision. For example, during the torsion process, the measured tool surface is θ ₂ =0°, and the designed tool surface θ ₁ =90°. Because θ ₁ >θ ₂ , in the torsional collision column, set the collision angle to θ = |θ ₁ - θ ₂ |=90°, click the "Tool Face Correction" button to control the action of the top drive spindle to correct the tool face.

The above specific embodiments further describe the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be noted that the control method of the top drive spindle of the present invention is also applicable to the electric turntable. The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention. It is only a form and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A top drive main shaft control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the first step: setting the forward torsion limit torque T of the top drive main shaft according to the type of the drill string _{Positive max} Reverse torque limit torque T _{Inverse max} Setting the idle rotation maximum torque T of the drill string _{No-load max} ；

And a second step of: swinging tool face according to design tool face angle theta ₁ With the measured tool face angle theta ₂ Controlling the forward and reverse torsion of the top drive main shaft according to the set angle value, and adjusting the tool face to a proper angle;

and a third step of: after the tool surface is arranged, starting a winch to lower a drill string and controlling the forward and reverse bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft; when the well deviation or the horizontal displacement is not large, the well is twisted bidirectionally according to the angle value; when the well deviation or the horizontal displacement is larger, the well is twisted bidirectionally according to an angle value or a positive and negative torque value;

fourth step: if the tool surface drifts in the process of controlling the positive and negative bidirectional torsion of the top drive main shaft according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque value, controlling the top drive main shaft to correct the tool surface in real time when the tool surface is larger than the designed tool surface;

fifth step: stopping the top drive spindle from twisting when the sliding guide is finished or the friction resistance is low and no pressure is generated;

the third step is that the method of bidirectional torsion according to the positive and negative torque values comprises the following steps:

according to the measured idle rotation maximum torque T of the drill string _{No-load max} Preliminary setting of the forward torque value T _{Positive direction} And reverse torque value T _{Reverse-rotation} Starting to twist according to the torque value;

the top drive main shaft starts to rotate forward from static until the actual torque value reaches T _{Positive direction} The top drive speed-reducing brake stops, and then reverses until the reverse torsion torque value reaches T _{Reverse-rotation} The top drive is decelerated, braked and stopped, and then rotates forward, so that the top drive is driven at T _{Positive direction} 、T _{Reverse-rotation} Forward and reverse torsion in the torque value range with torsion speed v ₂ ；

Forward torque value T _{Positive direction} And reverse torque value T _{Reverse-rotation} The real-time adjustment method comprises the following steps:

if actually measured tool face angle theta ₂ The friction value between the drill string and the well wall is larger, the underpressure is still serious, and the forward torsion torque value T is increased at the same time _{Positive direction} And reverse torque value T _{Reverse-rotation} ；

If actually measured tool face angle theta ₂ Gradually increases in the forward rotation direction, the forward torque value T decreases _{Positive direction} Or increase the reverse torque value T _{Reverse-rotation} ；

If actually measured tool face angle theta ₂ Gradually increases in the reverse direction, the reverse torque value T decreases _{Reverse-rotation} Or increasing the value T of the forward torque _{Positive direction} ；

If the tool face angle theta is actually measured in the pit ₂ To float around a certain value, the forward torque value T is reduced at the same time _{Positive direction} And reverse torque value T _{Reverse-rotation} ；

The forward torsion torque value T is adjusted in real time according to the adjustment method _{Positive direction} And reverse torque value T _{Reverse-rotation} Until the measured tool face angle theta ₂ Maintain unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ The friction resistance value between the drill string and the well wall is greatly reduced, wherein the angle is less than or equal to 20 degrees.

2. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency of claim 1, wherein: the first step further comprises setting a swing tool face velocity v ₁ Forward and reverse torsional velocity v ₂ 。

3. The roof for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency of claim 2The driving main shaft control method is characterized in that: the pendulum tool face velocity v ₁ Set to 3rpm; control the forward and reverse torsion speed v of the top drive ₂ Is set in a range of 5 to 15rpm, and v when more than 5' of the drill string, well deviation and horizontal displacement are used is small ₂ Setting lower limit value, when using small-size drill string below 5', when the well deviation and horizontal displacement are large, v ₂ An upper limit value is set.

4. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency of claim 3, wherein: drill string idle rotation maximum torque T _{No-load max} The setting method is that the lifting drill string is 5-10 m away from the bottom of the well, the top drive main shaft is controlled to rotate at a speed v ₂ Forward rotation, recording the maximum torque value of the top drive, namely T _{No-load max} The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Forward torque limit torque T _{Positive max} Less than the torque T of the drill string _{Upper buckle} Reverse torque limit torque T _{Inverse max} To be smaller than the torque T of the drill string _{Shackle for vehicle} The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Forward torque value T _{Positive direction} Less than the forward torque limit torque T _{Positive max} Reverse torque value T _{Reverse-rotation} Requiring less than the reverse torque limit torque T _{Inverse max} The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the well deviation and horizontal displacement are smaller, T _{Positive direction} ＝T _{No-load max} ×0.4，T _{Reverse-rotation} ＝T _{Positive direction} X 0.7; when the well deviation and horizontal displacement are large, T _{Positive direction} ＝T _{No-load max} ×(0.7～0.8)，T _{Reverse-rotation} ＝T _{Positive direction} ×0.7。

5. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the second step-and-swing tool face method is as follows: if the tool face angle theta is designed ₁ With the measured tool face angle theta ₂ Absolute value of difference |theta ₁ -θ ₂ Setting the angle theta of the swinging tool face to be more than 20 degrees ₁ -θ ₂ I, if theta ₁ ＞θ ₂ Then the top drive main shaft is controlled to have a speed v ₁ Forward rotation angle θ, if θ ₁ ＜θ ₂ Then the top drive main shaft is controlled to have a speed v ₁ Reverse rotation angle θ, thereby precisely controllingAnd (5) swinging the tool surface.

6. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency of claim 5, wherein:

according to drilling working conditions and real drilling data analysis, a torsion angle value psi is initially set, the top drive main shaft is controlled to stop from rest, the forward rotation angle value psi is stopped, then the reverse rotation angle value 2 psi is stopped, and the forward rotation angle value 2 psi is subjected to forward and reverse bidirectional torsion within the angle range of 2 psi until the top drive main shaft is stopped, wherein the torsion speed is v ₂ ；

The torsion angle value psi real-time adjustment method comprises the following steps:

if actually measured tool face angle theta ₂ The friction resistance between the drill string and the well wall is larger, the underpressure is still serious, and the torsion angle value psi is increased;

if the tool face angle theta is actually measured in the pit ₂ When the torsion angle value phi is left and right and is in the vicinity of a certain value, the torsion angle value phi is reduced;

the torsion angle value psi is adjusted in real time according to the adjustment method until the toolface angle theta is actually measured ₂ Maintain unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ The friction resistance value between the drill string and the well wall is greatly reduced, wherein the angle is less than or equal to 20 degrees.

7. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency of claim 6, wherein: the fourth step, the tool face drifts in the process of bidirectional torsion according to the set angle value or the positive and negative torque value, if the tool face angle theta is designed ₁ With the measured tool face angle theta ₂ Absolute value of difference |theta ₁ -θ ₂ The I is more than 20 degrees, and the top drive main shaft is controlled to correct the tool surface in real time;

in the torsion process according to the set angle value psi, the step of correcting the tool surface is as follows:

if theta is ₁ ＞θ ₂ Setting a corrected tool face angle α=θ ₁ -θ ₂ When the top drive main shaft rotates forward to a set angle value phi, continuing to stop at a positive angle alpha, reversing the top drive main shaft to a reverse angle of 2 phi, then rotating forward by 2 phi, reversing the top drive main shaft by 2 phi, and twisting the top drive main shaft in a 2 phi angle range all the time;

if theta is ₁ ＜θ ₂ Setting the corrected tool face angle α=360- (θ) ₂ -θ ₁ ) When the top drive main shaft rotates forward to a set angle value phi, continuing to stop at a positive angle alpha, reversing the top drive main shaft to a reverse angle of 2 phi, rotating forward by 2 phi, reversing the top drive main shaft by 2 phi, and twisting the top drive main shaft in a 2 phi angle range all the time;

in the torsion process according to the set torque value, the step of correcting the tool surface is as follows:

if theta is ₁ ＞θ ₂ Setting a corrected tool face angle α=θ ₁ -θ ₂ When the top drive main shaft rotates forward to a forward torsion torque value T _{Positive direction} Stopping after continuing to rotate forward by the angle alpha, and then reversing until the reverse torsion torque value reaches T _{Reverse-rotation} Stopping and rotating forward until the forward torque reaches T _{Positive direction} Continuing at T _{Positive direction} 、T _{Reverse-rotation} Torsion within the torque value range;

if theta is ₁ ＜θ ₂ Setting the corrected tool face angle α=360- (θ) ₂ -θ ₁ ) When the top drive main shaft rotates forward to a forward torsion torque value T _{Positive direction} Stopping after continuing the forward rotation angle alpha, and then reversing to the reverse torsion torque value T _{Reverse-rotation} Stopping and rotating forward until the forward torque reaches T _{Positive direction} Thus continuing at T _{Positive direction} 、T _{Reverse-rotation} Torsion within the torque value range;

correcting the tool face in real time according to the adjustment method until the tool face angle theta is actually measured ₂ Maintain unchanged, |θ ₁ -θ ₂ |≤20°。

8. The top drive spindle control method for improving sliding guide drilling efficiency of claim 7, wherein: when the tool face angle is adjusted, the tool face is twisted bidirectionally according to the angle value or the positive and negative torque value, or the tool face is corrected in the twisting process, the positive torque value T is calculated _{Positive direction} Greater than or equal to the positive torque limit torque T _{Positive max} Or reverse torque value T _{Reverse-rotation} Greater than or equal to the reverse torque limit torque T _{Inverse max} When the top drive is started, the top drive is immediately decelerated, stopped and braked.