CN113167510B - 热电调节系统和方法 - Google Patents
热电调节系统和方法Info
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- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00285—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for vehicle seats
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00478—Air-conditioning devices using the Peltier effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
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- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
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- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
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Abstract
一种用于热调节和移动流体的系统,其包括热电装置,用于将电能转换成热能,并响应于施加到其上的电流产生温度变化。所述热电装置可以包括主侧和耗废侧。流体移动装置可以产生与热电装置热连通的流体流,使得热电装置产生的热能被传递到流体流或从流体流传递。流量控制阀可以选择性地引导流体沿着主侧流体流动路径和/或耗废侧流体流动路径流动。
Description
相关申请的交叉应用
本申请要求于2018年11月30日提交的美国临时申请No.62/773,961的优先权,出于所有目的,该申请通过引用整体结合于本文中,并被认为是本说明书的一部分。
背景
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及气候控制,更具体地,涉及气候控制系统。
背景技术
用于生活或工作空间的环境控制的温度调节后空气通常被提供给相对广阔的区域,例如整个建筑物、选定的办公室或建筑物内的套房房间。在车辆(例如汽车)的情况下,整个车辆通常作为一个单元被冷却或加热。然而,在许多情况下,需要更具选择性或限制性的空气温度调节。例如,通常希望为乘员座椅提供个性化的气候控制,从而可以实现基本上瞬时的加热或冷却。例如,暴露在夏季天气中的机动车辆(其中,车辆已经长时间停放在非荫凉区域)会导致车辆座椅非常热,并且即使具有正常的空调,乘员在进入和使用车辆后的一段时间内也会感觉不舒服。此外,即使具有正常的空调,在炎热的天气里,在坐着时,座椅乘员的背部和其他压力点仍会出汗。在冬季,非常希望具有使乘员的座椅快速变暖的能力,以促进乘员的舒适性,尤其是在正常的车辆加热器不可能快速使车辆内部变暖的情况下。
由于这些原因,已经有各种类型的用于车辆座椅和其他气候控制环境的个性化气候控制系统。在这样的系统中,热调节系统可以对空气进行热调节,并将调节后空气输送到环境中以冷却或加热空间。
发明内容
一种用于热调节和移动流体的系统,包括热电装置,该热电装置用于响应于施加到其的电流将电能转换成热能以产生温度变化。热电装置具有主侧和耗废侧。流体移动装置产生与热电装置热连通的流体流,使得热电装置产生的热能被传递到流体流或从流体流传递。流量控制阀选择性地引导流体沿着主侧流体流动路径和/或耗废侧流体流动路径流动。
在另一方面,控制单元操作性地与流体移动装置和流量控制阀连接,并且操作流体移动装置和流量控制阀。
在另一方面,传感器提供指示流体流的温度的信号。
在另一方面,控制单元基于该信号操作流量控制阀。
在另一个方面,控制单元调节流量控制阀,并且大致相等比例的流体流被引导至耗废侧流体流动路径和主侧流体流动路径。
在另一方面,控制单元基于期望的主侧温度调节流量控制阀位置。
在另一个方面,控制单元通过调节流量控制阀以相比于主侧流体流动路径将更多的流体流引导至耗废侧流体流动路径,来降低主侧温度和/或增加主侧和耗废侧之间的温差。
在另一方面,流量控制阀从完全打开位置向完全关闭位置调节。
在另一方面,控制单元调节流量控制阀,其中,主侧路径和耗废侧路径上的流体流的总体积的小于20%被引导至主侧流体流动路径,以实现热电装置的主侧和耗废侧之间的高温差。
在另一方面,控制单元调节被引导到主侧流体流动路径的流体流的比例,以防止流体流中的冷凝。
在另一方面,控制单元基于流量控制阀的位置调节由流体移动装置提供的流体流。
在另一方面,当流体流被朝向主侧流体流动路径成比例地分配时,控制单元增加流体流。
在另一方面,当流量控制阀的位置增加流体移动装置上的背压时,控制单元通过降低流体移动装置的速度来维持流体流,例如通过降低施加到流体移动装置的电压。
在另一方面,控制单元基于舱室环境湿度来调节被引导至主侧流体流动路径的流体流的比例。
在另一方面,控制单元通过调节沿着主侧流体流动路径和旁路流动路径的流体流的比例并将来自主侧流体流动路径的较冷空气与来自旁路流动路径的较暖空气混合以产生处于中间温度的经调节空气,来调整经调节空气温度。
在另一方面,相比于耗废侧流体流动路径,控制单元将更多的流体流引导到主侧流体流动路径,以防止流体流中的冷凝,并在热电装置的主侧和耗废侧之间的有限温差下增加系统的冷却能力。
在另一方面,控制单元将第一比例的流体流引导至主侧流体流动路径第一时段,并将第二比例的流体流引导至主侧流体流动路径第二时段,第一时段被设定为在流体流中形成可接受量的冷凝。
在另一方面,第一时段和/或第二时段被设定为保持热电装置的主侧和耗废侧之间的预设温差。
在另一方面,控制单元引导基本上所有的流体流沿着主侧流体流动路径,以提供高通风率。
在另一方面,控制单元将热电装置操作为加热器,并引导基本上所有或大部分流体沿着主侧流体流动路径,以增加加热能力并避免与热电装置的耗废侧上的除热和空气流动相关联的损失。
在另一方面,控制单元基于舱室空气温度和湿度调节流量控制阀位置。
一种用于热调节系统的控制方法,包括给热调节系统的热电装置供电,该热电装置具有主侧和耗废侧。热调节系统在流体流通过热调节系统的第一模式运行第一时段。流体流的第一部分以第一流速被引导通过耗废侧,流体流的第二部分以第二流速被引导通过主侧。热调节系统以第二模式运行第二时段,与第一模式相比,在所述第二模式中,第一流速和第二流速之间的比率改变。
在另一方面,第一模式是初始模式。
在另一方面,使用温度传感器检测流体流的目标温度,并且基于检测的目标温度,操作从第一模式改变到第二模式。
在另一方面,在主侧上检测目标温度。
在另一方面,测量主侧和耗废侧之间的温差,并且基于检测的所测量的温差,操作从第一模式改变到第二模式。
在另一方面,检测主侧上的冷凝,其基于检测的冷凝将操作从第一模式改变到第二模式。
在另一方面,相对于第一模式,在第二模式中,通过耗废侧的第一流速和通过主侧的第二流速之间的比率减小。
在另一方面,在第二模式中,通过耗废侧的第一流速和通过主侧的第二流速大致相等。
在另一方面,在第二模式中,通过耗废侧的第一流速小于通过主侧的第二流速。
在另一方面,热调节系统以第三模式运行第三时段,在所述第三模式中,通过热调节系统的总流体流和到TED的电力中的至少一者相对于第二模式减小。
在另一方面,主侧和耗废侧之间的流体流通过阀引导。
一种热调节系统,包括具有主侧和耗废侧的TED,沿着TED的主侧的主侧路径和沿着TED的耗废侧的耗废侧路径。控制器使热调节系统在第一模式下运行第一时段,其中,第一流体流以第一流速沿着耗废侧路径流动,第二流体流以第二流速沿着主侧路径流动;并且控制器使热调节系统在第二模式下运行第二时段,其中,第一流速和第二流速之间的比率改变。
在另一方面,阀引导第一流体和第二流体在主侧路径和耗废侧路径之间流动。控制器操作阀以在第一模式和第二模式之间转换。
在另一方面,其中,第一模式是初始模式。
在另一方面,温度传感器检测第二流体流的温度。控制器还接收来自温度传感器的信号,并基于该信号将操作从第一模式改变到第二模式。
在另一方面,温度传感器检测第一流体流和第二流体流之间的温差。控制器接收来自温度传感器的信号,并基于该信号将操作从第一模式改变到第二模式。
在另一方面,湿度传感器检测第二流体流的湿度。控制器接收来自湿度传感器的信号,并基于该信号将操作从第一模式改变到第二模式。
在另一方面,第一流速和第二流速在第二模式中大致相等。
另一方面,在第二模式中,第二流速大于第一流速。
在另一方面,控制器以第三模式操作热调节系统第三时段,在所述第三模式中,通过热调节的流体流和到TED的电力中的至少一者相对于第二模式减小。
附图说明
各种示例在附图中进行了描绘,其用于说明的目的,并且不应被解释为限制示例的范围。所公开的不同的示例的各种特征可以被组合以形成附加的示例,这些附加的示例是本公开的一部分。
图1示出了热调节系统,其包括用于引导流体流沿着主侧路径和耗废侧路径流动的流量控制阀;
图1A示出了通过热调节系统的流体流,其中,流量控制阀处于中间位置;
图1B示出了通过热调节系统的流体流,其中,流量控制阀处于耗废侧阻挡位置;
图1C示出了通过热调节系统的流体流,其中,流量控制阀处于主侧阻挡位置;
图2示出了热调节系统的另一种实施方式,其包括用于引导流体流沿着主侧路径、耗废侧路径和旁路路径流动的流量控制阀;
图2A示出了通过热调节系统的流体流,其中,流量控制阀阻挡旁路路径并部分地阻挡主侧路径;
图2B示出流体流经热调节系统,流量控制阀阻挡旁路路径;
图2C示出了通过热调节系统的流体流,其中,流量控制阀阻挡了耗废侧路径;
图3A示出了示意性热调节系统,其包括流量控制阀,该流量控制阀处于完全关闭位置,从而阻挡了主侧路径;
图3B示出了处于主侧路径和耗废侧路径之间的中间位置的流量控制阀;
图3C是示出了通过主侧路径的气流与流量控制阀的位置之间的关系的曲线图;
图3D是示出跨越热调节系统的热电装置的主侧和耗废侧的最大温差(Delta T)与流量控制阀的位置的曲线图;
图4示出了示意性热调节系统,其包括流量控制阀,该流量控制阀位于主侧流动路径和耗废侧流动路径之间的中间位置;
图5示出了示意性热调节系统,其中,流量控制阀部分地阻挡了主侧流动路径;
图6示出了示意性热调节系统,其中,流量控制阀完全阻挡了主侧流动路径;
图7示出了示意性热调节系统,其中,流量控制阀部分地阻挡了耗废侧流动路径;
图8示出了示意性热调节系统,其中,流量控制阀完全地阻挡了耗废侧流动路径;
图9是示出通过热调节系统的热电装置的主侧和耗废侧的最大温差(Delta T)以及通过主侧和耗废侧的体积流量与流量控制阀的位置的图表;
图10示出了用于操作热调节模块的流程图;
图11示出了热调节模块的另一种实施方式。
具体实施方式
图1示出了热调节系统100的实施方式。热调节系统100可用于将经调节(例如,加热、冷却、干燥和/或润湿)的空气输送到气候受控的装置或环境。在示例性实施方式中,热调节系统100可以将经调节的空气输送到车辆座椅中,例如通过车辆座椅内的一个或更多个通道或途径。热调节系统100还可用于向各种其他的空间或部件,例如封闭空间、床、空间和/或沙发,提供调节后空气。
热调节系统100可以包括流体移动装置(未示出)或者与流体移动装置结合使用。流体移动装置可以是风扇、鼓风机或类似装置。流体移动装置可以包括用于驱动一个或更多个叶片的马达。流体移动装置的速度可以基于向马达施加电压和/或电流量来控制。流体移动装置可以通过热调节系统100输送流体流。流体流或其一部分可以通过穿过热调节系统100来调节。流体流可以沿着流动路径110被输送通过热调节系统100。在图示的实施方式中,流体移动装置通常可以位于热调节系统100的调节元件的上游。然而,在其他实施方式中,除了上游流体移动装置之外或者作为上游流体移动装置的替代,流体移动装置可以位于调节元件的下游。
热调节系统100可以包括热电装置(TED)120。TED 120可以是珀尔帖装置。热电装置120可以包括主侧122和耗废侧124。TED 120可以基于电压和/或电流量的应用来控制。当用作冷却装置时,主侧122可以比耗废侧124冷。当用作加热装置时,主侧122可以比耗废侧124热。
TED 120可以包括主侧热交换器126和/或耗废侧热交换器128。在某些实施方式中,所述热交换器可以包括多个薄的金属散热片。流动路径110可以分成主侧流动路径132和耗废侧流动路径134。主侧流动路径132可以穿过主热交换器126。耗废侧流动路径134可以穿过耗废热交换器128。主侧流动路径132可以终止于气候受控的环境或装置。耗废侧流动路径134可以终止于排出处。
热调节系统100可以包括流量控制阀140。流量控制阀140可以在TED 120的上游。然而,可以预期,在其他实施方式中,流量控制阀可以位于TED 120的下游和/或可以提供额外的阀。例如,可以为用于热调节系统的主侧和耗废侧的各个流动路径132、134提供单独的阀。流量控制阀140可以包括百叶窗板(louver)或挡板144。百叶窗板的位置可以对流体移动装置所提供的流体流在主侧流动路径132和耗废侧流动路径134之间进行比例分配。可选地,百叶窗板可以将流体流比例分配至旁路流动路径(未示出)。百叶窗板的位置可以由马达(例如,伺服、步进或其他的马达类型)或致动器控制。在图示的实施方式中,流量控制阀140是瓣阀的形式,然而,也可以使用其他类型的阀,例如针阀、桶形阀(barrel valve)或回转阀和/或这些阀的组合。
图1A示出了流过热调节系统100的流体流的压力,其中,流量控制阀140处于中间位置。图1B示出了流过热调节系统100的流体流的压力,其中,流量控制阀140处于阻挡耗废侧流动路径134的位置。图1C示出了流过热调节系统100的流体流的压力,其中,流量控制阀140处于阻挡主侧流动路径132的位置。
传统的气候受控系统可以使用流体移动装置和TED进行气候控制。这些系统可以通过改变由流体移动装置提供的总空气流量和提供给TED的电力来运行,以实现期望的调节后空气温度和热调节能力。与传统系统相比,流量控制阀140的增加为热调节系统100提供了对流体流的调节的额外控制。例如,热调节系统100可以提供更大的空气温度变化,为任何给定的流体移动装置和TED操作条件提供经调节的空气温度的额外控制,和/或提供额外的气候控制操作模式或选项,这将在下面更详细地描述。因此,热调节系统100可以有利地减少感知的时间和/或提高TED 120和/或流体移动装置的效率。
图2示出了另一种实施方式的热调节系统200。热调节系统200可以类似于热调节系统100地操作和/或包括类似于热调节系统100的部件。该热调节系统可以包括TED 220。TED 220可以包括主侧222和耗废侧224。TED 220可以包括主侧热交换器226和/或耗废侧热交换器228。
热调节系统200可以包括用于来自流体移动装置(未示出)的流体流的流体流动路径210。流体流动路径210可以穿行通过流量控制阀240。图示实施方式中的流量控制阀240可以是回转阀。流量控制阀240可以引导流体流过主侧流动路径232、耗废侧流动路径234和/或旁路路径236。
图2A示出了流过热调节系统200的流体流的压力,其中,流量控制阀240处于阻挡旁路路径236和部分地阻挡主侧流动路径232的位置。图2B示出了流过热调节系统200的流体流的压力,其中,流量控制阀240仅处于阻挡旁路路径236的位置。图2C示出了流过热调节系统200的流体流的压力,其中,流量控制阀240处于阻挡耗废侧流动路径234的位置。
图3A示出了热调节系统300,其包括流量控制阀340、TED 320、主侧流动路径332和耗废侧流动路径334。处于完全关闭位置(0%)的流量控制阀340可以阻挡热电装置320的主侧。图3B示出了处于完全打开位置(100%)的流量控制阀340,其允许流体流过TED 320的主侧和耗废侧两者。图3C是示出对于流量控制阀340的不同打开位置,通过主侧流动路径332的气流的曲线图。
图3D是示出了对于流量控制阀340的不同打开位置,跨越TED 320的主侧和耗废侧的最大温差(Delta T)的曲线图。
如上面提到的,以固定方式分开的传统气候控制系统允许空气流过TED的主侧和耗废侧。在某些实施方式中,如图3D所示的在主侧流动路径332的完全打开(100%)位置,在TED 320的主侧和耗废侧之间具有固定的分开的空气流的传统气候受控系统可以实现大约7度(C)的最大温差(Delta T)。关闭或限制沿着主侧流动路径332的流体流提高了Delta T(例如,通过减少在主侧被加热或冷却的空气的总体积)。在某些实施方式中,流量控制阀340能够使Delta T高达约17度(C)。对Delta T的改进可以实现用于来自主侧流动路径332的被输送到气候受控环境的已调节空气的较低的温度。在某些情况下,例如在空气被调节的座椅单元中,较低的温度可能是理想的,以便为座椅乘员产生增强的凉爽感觉。关于图3A和图3B示出和描述的配置和操作可以与上面关于图1和图2描述的热调节系统的实现方式一起使用。
图4示意性地示出了类似于热调节系统100的热调节系统400。热调节系统400可以包括用于沿着流体流动路径410移动流体流的流体移动装置450。流体流动路径410可以沿着主侧流动路径432和/或耗废侧流动路径434前进。热调节系统400可以包括TED 420。TED420可以具有主侧422和耗废侧424。TED420可以包括一个或更多个空气热交换器(未示出)。流量控制阀440可以引导空气和/或比例分配空气沿着主侧流动路径432和/或耗废侧流动路径434。流量控制阀440可以包括马达442和/或百叶窗板或转子444。
热调节系统400可以包括控制器460。控制器460可以是单个的或者分布在若干控制装置上。控制器460可以操作性地与马达442耦合,用于控制流量控制阀440。控制器460可以操作性地与TED 420和/或流体移动装置450耦合。控制器460可以包括处理器,用于执行编程在计算机可读介质上的指令,其被配置为根据一种或更多种操作模式来操作热调节系统400。
热调节系统400可以包括一个或更多个传感器462。传感器462可以包括温度和/或湿度传感器,并被配置成测量流体流。传感器462可以安装在流体流动路径410中、流体移动装置450中、主侧流动路径432和/或耗废侧流动路径434中、和/或热调节系统400内的其他地方,并且在某些实施方式中,传感器462可以位于主侧或耗废侧热交换器的上游、下游和/或内部。传感器462可以与控制器460通信地耦合。控制器460可以至少部分地基于来自传感器462的信号来操作热调节系统400。
图4-图8示出了示例性的热调节系统400,其中,流量控制阀440根据各种操作模式处于打开、关闭和中间(部分打开)位置,如下所述的。
在某些实施方式中,控制器460可以在图4中示意性示出的Conventional Mode(传统模式)下操作热调节系统400。在Conventional Mode中,来自流体移动装置450的流体流以近似相等和/或以静态预定比率流过主侧422和耗废侧424(例如,主侧流动路径432和耗废侧流动路径434之间的体积流体流率)。控制器460通过调节提供给TED 420的电力(例如,电压和/或电流量)和来自流体移动装置450的总流体流(例如,通过加速或减速)中的一个或两个来改变(通过操作流量控制阀440)经调节的空气温度。
控制器460可以以High Delta T Mode(高温差模式)操作热调节系统400,这在图5和图6中示意性地示出。在High Delta T Mode下,流量控制阀440可以部分地或完全地关闭主侧流动路径432。控制器460可以以High Delta T Mode在高温和/或低湿度舱室空气操作环境(例如,环境温度32-45度(C),相对湿度小于20%)中操作。在High Delta T Mode下,通过热调节系统400的舱室空气可以被冷却到比Conventional Mode低的温度。控制器460(通过流量控制阀440的操作)可以将更多的流体流比例分配到耗废侧流动路径434,以实现高的Delta T和在主侧流动路径432上的低的已调节空气温度(例如,相对于在沿着主侧流动路径432和耗废侧流动路径434的流体流相等的情况下,主侧流动路径432上的经调节的空气温度)。在High Delta T Mode下,经调节的空气温度可以优先于经调节的气流。HighDelta T Mode可包括调节后空气目标温度。在High Delta T Mode下,调节后空气温度目标可以是25度(C)。这可以减少乘员的感知时间和/或提供最佳的调节后空气温度以用于舒适性。
图9示出了显示dT(主侧流动路径432和耗废侧流动路径434之间的温差)和主侧流动路径432和耗废侧流动路径434之间的流速比率以及总流速与流量控制阀440的位置(P0-P10以10°增量)的图表。在某些实施方式中,High Delta T Mode可以在图9的图表中在P0和P1-P2中的任何一个之间表示。在High Delta T Mode的某些实施方式中,流量控制阀440可以打开大约0%和20%之间、0%和10%之间或0%至5%之间。在High Delta T Mode的某些实施方式中,沿着主侧流动路径432和耗废侧流动路径434的流体流的比率可以大约在0和0.3之间、0.1和0.3之间、0.1和0.2之间。在High Delta T Mode的某些实施方式中,通过主侧的流体流可以大约在0和3CFM(立方英尺/分钟)、0和2CFM以及0和1CFM之间。在HighDelta T Mode的某些实施方式中,dT(主侧流动路径432和耗废侧流动路径434之间的温差)可以大约在25℃和12℃之间或者25℃和20℃之间。
控制器460可以在High Air Flow Mode(高气流模式)下操作热调节系统400,这在图7和图8中示意性地示出。在High Air Flow Mode下,流量控制阀440可以部分或完全关闭耗废侧流动路径434。控制器460可以以High Air Flow Mode在舱室空气环境中操作,其中,湿度限制实现期望的(高)Delta T,且没有冷凝(例如,环境温度25-32度(C),相对湿度小于60%)。相比于耗废侧流动路径434,控制器460可以将更多流体流比例分配到主侧流动路径432或将全部流体流分配到主侧流动路径432,以此增加以受限的Delta T运行的热系统400(其可以处于较高的经调节的空气温度)的冷却能力。在High Air Flow Mode下,热系统400的冷却能力可以增加而不会产生冷凝。此外,控制器460可以控制至TED 420的电力,以实现期望的调节后空气温度和/或湿度。
在某些实施方式中,High Air Flow Mode可以在图9的图表中在P1或P2和P10之间表示。在High Air Flow Mode的某些实施方式中,流量控制阀440可以打开大约20%和100%之间、10%和100%之间,或5%和100%之间。在High Air Flow Mode的某些实施方式中,流量控制阀440可以打开大于大约5%、10%或20%。在High Air Flow Mode的某些实施方式中,沿着主侧流动路径432和耗废侧流动路径434的流体流的比率可以是大约1.0或者在0.5和5.0之间或者更大。在High Air Flow Mode的某些实施方式中,通过主侧的流体流可以在大约4和10CFM之间,或者大于大约2、3或4CFM。在High Air Flow Mode的某些实施方式中,dT(主侧流动路径432和耗废侧流动路径434之间的温差)可以在大约13℃和1℃之间,或者小于大约13℃。
控制器460可以在Sequential High Delta T、High Air Flow Mode(顺序的高温差、高气流模式)下操作热调节系统400。控制器460可以在具有湿度限制舱室环境(例如,导致热调节系统400内的冷凝的相对湿度和大于25度(C)的环境温度)的舱室空气环境中以Sequential High Delta T、High Air Flow Mode操作。控制器460可以在High Delta TMode下运行第一时段,在此期间可以形成可接受量的冷凝。控制器460然后可以切换到HighAir Flow Mode下操作,以在第二时段去除冷凝。运行的周期可被设定以保持Delta T的期望的范围。Delta T范围可被设定为例如用于避免乘员感知到经调节的空气温度范围和/或保持乘员舒适性。此外,控制器460可以控制至TED 420的电力,以实现期望的调节后空气温度和/或湿度。在另一操作性示例中,控制器460可以操作High Delta TMode超过冷凝点,然后以High Air Flow Mode操作,以干燥热调节系统400。该过程可能会产生噪音,并可用作预处理模式(气候控制环境中没有乘员)。
控制器460可以在Ventilation Mode(通风模式)下操作热调节系统400,这在图7和图8中示意性地示出。控制器460可以在舱室空气温度足以实现乘员舒适性的舱室空气环境中以Ventilation Mode操作。控制器460将在TED 420断电的情况下,将基本上所有的流体流分配在主侧流动路径432上和/或通过旁路流动路径。在Ventilation Mode下,热调节系统400可以为旋转式和百叶窗板式流量控制阀提供高通风率。控制器460可在第一时段以Ventilation Mode运行,并在第二时段以Conventional Mode,High Delta T Mode,HighAir Flow Mode和/或Sequential High Delta T、High Air Flow Mode中的一种或更多种运行。
控制器460可以以Modified Heating Mode(修改的加热模式)操作热调节系统400。控制器460可以在舱室空气温度低并且为了乘员舒适性需要加热的舱室空气环境中以Modified Heating Mode运行。TED 420可以相对于上述冷却模式的相反的极性操作。控制器460可以操作流量控制阀440以将全部或大部分流体流分配到主侧422(充当加热器),以增加加热能力并避免与耗废侧424上的除热和空气流相关联的损失。为了减少感知加热后空气的时间,TED 420可以类似于High Delta T Mode操作,其中,流量控制阀440部分地或完全关闭主侧路径432。相对于在Modified Heating Mode下的操作,这可以提高流经热调节系统400的舱室空气的温度。
在另一模式中,热调节系统400可以在凉爽和/或潮湿的空气舱室环境中运行。控制器460可以增加通过热调节系统400的流体流(例如,通过流体移动装置450的操作),以减少乘员的潮湿感和/或增加乘员的干燥,这在图7和图8中示意性地示出。控制器460可以调节流量控制阀440和/或至TED 420的电力,以增加调节后空气温度,从而抵消乘员的与干燥相关的蒸发冷却。
控制器460可以基于流量控制阀440的位置来调节流体移动装置的速度。为了在流量控制阀440的位置增加背压的情况下保持期望的流体流,可能需要降低流体移动装置速度,因为在较高的背压下,流体流动路径410内的湍流可能导致流体移动装置速度增加,而空气流量没有相应的增加。
在High Delta T Mode下,热调节系统400可以通过提供通过TED 420的主侧的足够的流体流来避免在主侧422上产生冷凝。传感器462可以位于主侧流动路径432和耗废侧流动路径434两者上。传感器462可用于检测或测量主侧流动路径432和耗废侧流动路径434上的流体流之间的温差。替代地,传感器462可以在主侧流动路径432上位于TED 420的上游和TED 420的下游。控制器460可以从传感器462接收指示温差的信号。对于流量控制阀440的给定位置,控制器460可以将来自信号的温差与TED 420的主侧和耗废侧之间的预期温差进行比较。如果测得的温差小于预期的温差(例如,在一定的偏差范围内),这可能意味着在主侧流动路径中存在冷凝。因此,控制器460可以改变控制阀440和/或流体移动装置450的操作,以增加通过主侧流动路径的流体流,从而降低冷凝/湿度。在另一实施方式中,热调节系统400可以包括在主侧流动路径上的湿度传感器,以检测湿度或冷凝。基于来自湿度传感器的信号,控制器460可以改变控制阀440和/或流体移动装置450的操作,以增加通过主侧流动路径的流体流,从而降低冷凝/湿度。
图10概述了用于热调节系统(例如上述的系统100、200、300、400)的控制方法。在步骤505处,该方法可以被启动。启动可以基于向车辆或热调节系统是其组成部分的其他系统或热调节系统本身供电。在步骤510,热调节系统可以以第一模式运行第一时段。第一模式可以是上述的任何操作模式。在一个具体的实施方式中,第一模式是High Delta TMode。在第一模式中,流体流主要沿着耗废侧路径穿过热调节系统。第一模式可以包括向具有主侧和耗废侧的TED供电。第一模式可以是初始模式。在一个具体的实施方式中,HighDelta TMode是初始模式。
在步骤515处,热调节系统可以在第二模式下运行第二时段,其中,通过热调节系统的流体流相对于第一模式期间的流体流发生变化。与第一模式期间相比,第二模式期间的流体流可以在主侧路径和耗废侧路径之间以不同的比率被引导。在第二模式中,相对于在第一模式中沿主侧路径的流体流,沿主侧路径的流体流可以增加。这可以提高沿主侧路径的流体流的温度(例如,降低TED420的主侧和耗废侧之间的温差)和/或降低其中的冷凝或湿度。在第二模式中,可以增加沿主侧路径的流体流,以匹配沿耗废侧路径的流体流。在第二模式中,流体流动可以主要沿主侧路径。在某些实施方式中,第二模式可以是High AirFlow Mode或Ventilation Mode。
主侧路径和耗废侧路径之间的转换可以使用阀来改变主侧流动路径和耗废侧流动路径之间的流体流方向来实现。将操作从第一模式转换到第二模式可以基于若干变量中的任何一个来进行。第一时段可以基于预先选择的时间,之后,转换自动发生。转换可以基于使用温度传感器(例如,在主侧路径上)检测流体流的目标温度和/或在指定的时段内保持该温度来进行。转换可以基于检测冷凝来进行。转换可以基于测量主侧路径和耗废侧路径上的流体流之间的温差来进行。过低的温差可能表明主侧路径中有冷凝或湿度。转换可以基于保持主侧路径和耗废侧路径之间的预设温差。第一时段和第二时段可以被设定为保持热电装置的主侧和耗废侧之间的预设温差。
该控制方法可以可选地包括以第三模式操作热调节系统第三时段,其中,通过热调节系统的流体流可以相对于第二模式减少。相对于第二模式,在第三模式下,可以降低至TED的电力。第三模式可用于降低热调节系统的功耗。例如,一旦通过第一模式和第二模式的操作达到舒适的舱室温度,第三模式就可以操作。
图11示出了另一种实施方式的热调节系统600,其包括壳体610。系统600可以包括TED 620。TED 620可以是单个单元,或者包括两个或更多个独立的TED单元。系统600的壳体610可以包括主侧流动路径632和耗废侧流动路径634。系统600可以包括瓣阀640。瓣阀640可以包括百叶窗板644。百叶窗板644可以位于主侧流动路径632和耗废侧流动路径634之间。百叶窗板644可以通过马达(例如步进电机)移动。百叶窗板644可以通过马达绕轴线旋转。百叶窗板644可以安装在壳体610的中心壁646上。中心壁646可以包括一个或更多个安装件648,用于固定轴647。这种布置可以改善百叶窗板644上的气流。
为了帮助描述所公开的实施方式,上面已经使用了诸如向上、上、向下、下、垂直、水平、上游和下游的词语来描述附图。然而,应当理解,所示的实施方式可以定位和定向在各种期望的位置。
应当注意,这里使用的术语“耦合”、“耦接”、“被耦合”或措辞“耦合”的其他变体可以表示间接连接或直接连接。例如,如果第一部件“被耦合”到第二部件,则第一部件件可以经由另一部件间接连接到第二部件,或者直接连接到第二部件。
这里描述的控制器的功能可以作为一个或更多个指令存储在处理器可读或计算机可读介质上。术语“计算机可读介质”是指可由计算机或处理器访问的任何可获得的介质。作为示例而非限制,这种介质可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(EEPROM)、闪存、光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储设备、磁盘存储设备或其他磁性存储设备,或者可以用于以指令或数据结构的形式存储期望的程序代码并且可以由计算机访问的任何其他介质。应当注意,计算机可读介质可以是有形的和非暂时性的。如此处所使用的,术语“代码”可以指可由计算装置或处理器执行的软件、指令、代码或数据。
尽管在此公开了若干实施方式和示例,但是本申请延伸超过具体公开的实施方式,到本发明的其他替代实施方式和/或使用及其修改和等同物。还可以设想,可以进行实施方式的特定特征和方面的各种组合或子组合,并且这些仍然落在本发明的范围内。因此,应当理解,所公开的实施方式的各种特征和方面可以相互组合或替代,以便形成所公开的发明的不同形式。因此,这里公开的本发明的范围不应该被上述具体公开的实施方式所限制,而应该仅通过公平阅读随附的权利要求书来确定。
尽管前面对优选实施方式的描述已经示出、描述并指出了某些新颖特征,但是应当理解,在不脱离本公开的精神的情况下,本领域技术人员可以对所示装置的细节及其使用进行各种省略、替换和改变。因此,本发明的范围不应受前述讨论的限制,前述讨论意在说明而不是限制本发明的范围。
Claims (83)
1.一种用于热调节和移动流体的系统,包括:
热电装置,所述热电装置被配置用于将电能转换成热能,响应于施加到其上的电流而产生温度变化,所述热电装置具有主侧和耗废侧;
流体移动装置,所述流体移动装置被配置用于产生与热电装置热连通的流体流,使得由所述热电装置产生的热能被传递到流体流;以及
流量控制阀,其沿着用于所述流体流的流体流动路径定位,并且所述流量控制阀被配置为将所述流体流动路径分为沿着所述热电装置的主侧的主侧流体流动路径和沿着所述热电装置的耗废侧的耗废侧流体流动路径,以完全关闭所述耗废侧流体流动路径并引导流体沿着所述主侧流体流动路径流动,以及完全关闭所述主侧流体流动路径并引导流体沿着所述耗废侧流体流动路径流动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,还包括:
控制单元,所述控制单元与流体移动装置和所述流量控制阀操作性地连接,并被配置为操作所述流体移动装置和所述流量控制阀。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统,还包括:
传感器,所述传感器被配置为提供指示流体流的温度的信号;并且
其中,所述控制单元被配置成基于所述信号操作所述流量控制阀。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置成调节所述流量控制阀,使得相等比例的流体流被引导至耗废侧流体流动路径和主侧流体流动路径。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置成基于期望的主侧温度来调节流量控制阀位置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为通过调节所述流量控制阀以相比于主侧流体流动路径将更多的流体流引导至耗废侧流体流动路径,来降低主侧温度和/或增加主侧和耗废侧之间的温差。
7.根据权利要求6所述的系统,其中,所述流量控制阀被从完全打开位置向完全关闭位置调节。
8.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置成调节所述流量控制阀,使得主侧流体流动路径和耗废侧流体流动路径上的流体流的总体积的少于20%被引导至主侧流体流动路径,以实现所述热电装置的主侧和耗废侧之间的高温差。
9.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为调节被引导至主侧流体流动路径的流体流的比例,以防止所述流体流中的冷凝。
10.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置成基于所述流量控制阀的位置来调节由所述流体移动装置提供的流体流。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为当流体流被朝向主侧流体流动路径成比例分配时增加所述流体流。
12.根据权利要求10所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为当所述流量控制阀的位置正在增加流体移动装置上的背压时,通过降低所述流体移动装置的速度,通过降低施加到所述流体移动装置的电压,来维持所述流体流。
13.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为基于舱室环境湿度来调节被引导至主侧流体流动路径的流体流的比例。
14.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为通过调整沿着主侧流体流动路径和旁路流动路径的流体流的比例并且将来自主侧流体流动路径的较冷空气与来自旁路流动路径的较热空气混合以产生处于中间温度的经调节的空气,来调整经调节的空气温度。
15.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为,相比于耗废侧流体流动路径,将更多的流体流引导至所述主侧流体流动路径,以防止流体流中的冷凝,并在所述热电装置的主侧和耗废侧之间的有限温差下增加所述系统的冷却能力。
16.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为将第一比例的流体流引导至主侧流体流动路径第一时段,并将第二比例的流体流引导至所述主侧流体流动路径第二时段,所述第一时段被设定为在流体流中形成可接受量的冷凝。
17.根据权利要求16所述的系统,其中,所述第一时段和/或第二时段被设置为保持热电装置的主侧和耗废侧之间的预设温差。
18.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为将所有或大部分的流体流沿着主侧流体流动路径引导,以提供高通风率。
19.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为将所述热电装置作为加热器来操作,并且将所有或大部分的流体流沿着所述主侧流体流动路径引导,以增加加热能力并避免与所述热电装置的耗废侧上的除热和空气流动相关联的损失。
20.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置成基于舱室空气温度和湿度来调节流量控制阀位置。
21.根据权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括:
壳体,所述壳体包括流体流动路径的入口、所述主侧流体流动路径的出口以及所述耗废侧流体流动路径的排出口,所述热电装置位于所述主侧流体流动路径与耗废侧流体流动路径之间。
22.根据权利要求21所述的系统,其中,所述壳体包括位于所述主侧流体流动路径与耗废侧流体流动路径之间的中心壁。
23.根据权利要求22所述的系统,其中,所述流量控制阀与所述中心壁对准,并且沿着所述流体流动路径位于所述热电装置的上游。
24.根据权利要求21所述的系统,其中,所述主侧流体流动路径终止于气候受控的环境。
25.根据权利要求21所述的系统,其中,所述壳体还包括在所述热电装置周围的旁路路径。
26.根据权利要求21所述的系统,其中,所述流量控制阀包括回转阀。
27.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述流体移动装置沿着所述流体流动路径位于所述热电装置和所述流量控制阀的上游。
28.根据权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括主侧热交换器和耗废侧热交换器,所述主侧热交换器包括与所述热电装置的主侧联接的多个金属散热片,并且所述耗废侧热交换器包括与所述热电装置的耗废侧联接的多个金属散热片。
29.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,在所述主侧流体流动路径上流动通过所述热电装置的主侧的流体流与在所述耗废侧流体流动路径上流动通过所述热电装置的耗废侧的流体流平行且方向相同。
30.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述流量控制阀包括在所述主侧流体流动路径上的第一阀。
31.根据权利要求30所述的系统,其中,所述第一阀沿着所述热电装置的流体流动路径位于所述热电装置的下游。
32.根据权利要求30所述的系统,其中,所述流量控制阀包括在所述耗废侧流体流动路径上的第二阀。
33.根据权利要求32所述的系统,其中,所述第二阀沿着所述热电装置的流体流动路径位于所述热电装置的下游。
34.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述流量控制阀包括与马达的可旋转轴联接的百叶窗板。
35.根据权利要求34所述的系统,其中,所述马达是步进马达。
36.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述流量控制阀包括回转阀、桶形阀或针阀。
37.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为调节所述流量控制阀的位置,以部分地关闭所述主侧流体流动路径。
38.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为调节所述流量控制阀的位置,以部分地关闭所述耗废侧流体流动路径。
39.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为调节所述流量控制阀的位置,以完全关闭所述主侧流体流动路径。
40.根据权利要求2所述的系统,其中,所述控制单元被配置为调节所述流量控制阀的位置,以完全关闭所述耗废侧流体流动路径。
41.一种用于热调节系统的控制方法,包括:
向具有主侧和耗废侧的热调节系统的热电装置供电;
以第一模式操作热调节系统第一时段,其中,流体流通过热调节系统;
在所述第一时段期间利用阀使流体流分流,使得流体流的第一部分以第一流速被引导通过沿着所述热电装置的耗废侧的耗废侧流动路径,并且流体流的第二部分以第二流速被引导通过沿着所述热电装置的主侧的主侧流动路径;
测量主侧与耗废侧之间的温差,并基于检测的所测量的温差将操作从第一模式改变到第二模式;
以第二模式操作热调节系统第二时段;以及
相比于第一模式,调节第一流速和第二流速之间的比率。
42.根据权利要求41所述的控制方法,其中,所述第一模式是初始模式。
43.根据权利要求41所述的控制方法,还包括使用温度传感器检测流体流的目标温度,并基于检测的目标温度将操作从第一模式改变到第二模式。
44.根据权利要求43所述的控制方法,其中,在主侧检测目标温度。
45.根据权利要求41所述的控制方法,其中,所述阀被配置为完全关闭所述耗废侧流动路径并引导流体沿着所述主侧流动路径流动,以及完全关闭所述主侧流动路径并引导流体沿着所述耗废侧流动路径流动。
46.根据权利要求41所述的控制方法,还包括检测主侧上的冷凝,并基于检测的冷凝将操作从第一模式改变到第二模式。
47.根据权利要求41所述的控制方法,其中,在所述第二模式中,通过所述耗废侧的第一流速和通过所述主侧的第二流速之间的比率相对于所述第一模式减小。
48.根据权利要求41所述的控制方法,其中,在第二模式中,通过耗废侧的第一流速和通过主侧的第二流速大致相等。
49.根据权利要求41所述的控制方法,其中,在第二模式中,通过耗废侧的第一流速小于通过主侧的第二流速。
50.根据权利要求41所述的控制方法,还包括以第三模式操作所述热调节系统第三时段,在所述第三模式中,通过所述热调节系统的总流体流和至所述热电装置的电力中的至少一者相对于所述第二模式减小。
51.根据权利要求41所述的控制方法,还包括使用阀在主侧和耗废侧之间引导流体流。
52.一种热调节系统,包括:
TED,其具有主侧和耗废侧;
壳体,所述壳体包括流体流动路径,所述壳体包括:
所述流体流动路径的沿着TED的主侧的主侧路径;
所述流体流动路径的沿着TED的耗废侧的耗废侧路径;
流体移动装置,所述流体移动装置被配置成产生从入口管道沿着所述流体流动路径朝向所述主侧路径和耗废侧路径的流体流;
阀,所述阀位于所述入口管道中,所述阀被配置成基于所述阀的位置完全阻挡所述入口管道与所述主侧路径之间的流体连通,以及基于所述阀的位置完全阻挡所述入口管道与所述耗废侧路径之间的流体连通;以及
控制器,所述控制器被配置为:
以第一模式操作热调节系统第一时段,其中,所述流体移动装置产生以第一流速沿耗废侧路径流动的第一流体流和以第二流速沿主侧路径流动第二流体流;以及
以第二模式操作热调节系统第二时段,其中,所述阀的位置相对于在所述第一模式期间阀的位置被调节,以改变第一流速和第二流速之间的比率。
53.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述第一模式是初始模式。
54.根据权利要求52所述的系统,还包括:
温度传感器,其被配置为检测第二流体流的温度;
其中,所述控制器还被配置成接收来自所述温度传感器的信号,并基于所述信号将操作从所述第一模式改变为所述第二模式。
55.根据权利要求52所述的系统,还包括:
温度传感器,其被配置为检测第一流体流和第二流体流之间的温差;
其中,所述控制器还被配置成接收来自所述温度传感器的信号,并基于所述信号将操作从所述第一模式改变为所述第二模式。
56.根据权利要求52所述的系统,还包括:
湿度传感器,其被配置为检测第二流体流的湿度;
其中,所述控制器还被配置成接收来自湿度传感器的信号,并基于所述信号将操作从第一模式改变为第二模式。
57.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,在第二模式中,第一流速和第二流速相等。
58.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,在第二模式中,第二流速大于第一流速。
59.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为以第三模式操作所述热调节系统第三时段,其中,流过所述热调节系统的流体流和至所述TED的电力中的至少一者相对于所述第二模式减小。
60.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述壳体包括入口、所述主侧路径的出口以及所述耗废侧路径的排出口,所述TED位于所述主侧路径与耗废侧路径之间。
61.根据权利要求60所述的系统,其中,所述壳体包括位于所述主侧路径与耗废侧路径之间的中心壁。
62.根据权利要求61所述的系统,其中,所述阀与所述中心壁对准,并且沿着所述流体流动路径位于所述TED的上游。
63.根据权利要求60所述的系统,其中,所述主侧路径终止于气候受控的环境。
64.根据权利要求60所述的系统,其中,所述壳体还包括在所述TED周围的旁路路径。
65.根据权利要求64所述的系统,其中,所述阀包括回转阀。
66.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述流体移动装置沿着所述流体流动路径位于所述TED和所述阀的上游。
67.根据权利要求52所述的系统,进一步包括主侧热交换器和耗废侧热交换器,所述主侧热交换器包括与所述TED的主侧联接的多个金属散热片,所述耗废侧热交换器包括与所述TED的耗废侧联接的多个金属散热片。
68.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,在所述主侧路径上流动通过所述TED的主侧的流体流与在所述耗废侧路径上流动通过所述TED的耗废侧的流体流平行且方向相同。
69.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述阀包括在所述主侧路径上的第一阀。
70.根据权利要求69所述的系统,其中,所述第一阀沿着所述TED的流体流动路径位于所述TED的下游。
71.根据权利要求69所述的系统,其中,所述阀包括在所述耗废侧路径上的第二阀。
72.根据权利要求71所述的系统,其中,所述第二阀沿着所述TED的流体流动路径位于所述TED的下游。
73.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述阀包括与马达的可旋转轴联接的百叶窗板。
74.根据权利要求73所述的系统,其中,所述马达是步进马达。
75.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述阀包括回转阀、桶形阀或针阀。
76.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为调节所述阀的位置,以部分地关闭所述主侧路径。
77.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为调节所述阀的位置,以部分地关闭所述耗废侧路径。
78.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为调节所述阀的位置,以完全关闭所述主侧路径。
79.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为调节所述阀的位置,以完全关闭所述耗废侧路径。
80.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述阀被配置成根据所述阀的位置部分地打开所述耗废侧路径。
81.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述阀包括第一百叶窗板,所述第一百叶窗板被配置成根据所述阀的位置打开和关闭所述入口管道与所述主侧路径之间的流体连通。
82.根据权利要求81所述的系统,其中,所述阀包括具有所述第一百叶窗板的回转阀。
83.根据权利要求52所述的系统,其中,所述壳体还包括旁路路径,该旁路路径被配置成引导流体流的至少一部分绕过所述主侧路径和耗废侧路径。
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| US201862773961P | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | |
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| PCT/US2019/063445 WO2020112902A1 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2019-11-26 | Thermoelectric conditioning system and methods |
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| CN113167510B true CN113167510B (zh) | 2025-10-03 |
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| JP7608337B2 (ja) | 2025-01-06 |
| WO2020112902A1 (en) | 2020-06-04 |
| DE112019005983T5 (de) | 2021-09-09 |
| KR20210095206A (ko) | 2021-07-30 |
| US20210370746A1 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
| JP2022511801A (ja) | 2022-02-01 |
| CN113167510A (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
| US20240239154A1 (en) | 2024-07-18 |
| US11993132B2 (en) | 2024-05-28 |
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