CN113169459A - Antenna array, radar and movable platform - Google Patents
Antenna array, radar and movable platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN113169459A CN113169459A CN202080006540.4A CN202080006540A CN113169459A CN 113169459 A CN113169459 A CN 113169459A CN 202080006540 A CN202080006540 A CN 202080006540A CN 113169459 A CN113169459 A CN 113169459A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides an antenna array, a radar and a movable platform, wherein the antenna array comprises an antenna base body, a radiation unit and a feed unit; the antenna substrate is provided with an antenna side face and a feed side face which are oppositely arranged; the radiating unit is arranged on the side face of the antenna and comprises a plurality of radiating patches which are arranged along a first direction, the radiating patches are sequentially connected, and each radiating patch is provided with a first groove; the feed unit is arranged on the feed side surface and used for coupling energy to the middle part of the radiation unit; the width of each radiation patch along a second direction is the same, and the second direction is vertical to the first direction; except the first grooves formed in the radiation patches positioned at the end parts of the radiation units, the grooving depths of the first grooves formed in the other radiation patches along the first direction are sequentially increased from the middle parts to the end parts of the radiation units. The antenna array provided by the application has wider working bandwidth and meets the requirement of low side lobe in the broadband.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna array, a radar and a movable platform.
Background
The vehicle-mounted millimeter wave radar transmits millimeter waves outwards through the antenna, receives target reflection signals, and acquires physical environment information (such as relative distance, relative speed, angle, movement direction and the like between the automobile and other objects) around the automobile body after data processing. Compared with a narrow-band low-frequency-band radar, the broadband millimeter wave radar can greatly improve the range resolution, and is suitable for application scenes with high range resolution, such as ultra-close detection scenes of vehicles in adjacent lanes cutting into the lane, jamming and the like. The antenna is an important component of the radar and needs to have broadband working capacity, so that the safety of vehicle running is guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problem, embodiments of the present application provide an antenna array, a radar, and a movable platform, which can have a wider bandwidth.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna array, including: the antenna base body is provided with an antenna side face and a feed side face which are oppositely arranged;
the radiating unit is arranged on the side face of the antenna and comprises a plurality of radiating patches which are arranged along a first direction, the radiating patches are sequentially connected, and each radiating patch is provided with a first groove;
the feed unit is arranged on the feed side surface and used for coupling energy to the middle part of the radiation unit;
the width of each radiation patch along a second direction is the same, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; except for the first grooves formed in the radiation patches positioned at the end parts of the radiation units, the grooving depths of the first grooves formed in the other radiation patches along the first direction are sequentially increased from the middle parts to the end parts of the radiation units.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a radar including a power supply and the antenna array in various embodiments of the first aspect, wherein the power supply is configured to supply power to the antenna array.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a movable platform, which includes a body and the radar provided in the second aspect, where the radar is disposed on the body.
According to the antenna array, the radar and the movable platform provided by the first aspect of the application, the width of each radiation patch is the same, and the grooving depth of the first groove formed in the other radiation patches at the non-end part of the radiation unit is increased from the middle part to the end part of the radiation unit in sequence, so that the antenna array can effectively suppress side lobes on the basis of meeting the wider working bandwidth, and the high side lobe suppression ratio or the low side lobe characteristic of the antenna array is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic partial structural diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application, in which a radiation unit and a second dielectric substrate are shown;
fig. 3 is a schematic partial structural diagram of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic partial structural diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application, in which an intermediate dielectric substrate and an intermediate metal patch are shown;
fig. 6 is a schematic partial structural diagram of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic partial structural diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application, in which a first dielectric substrate, a feeding unit, and a second metal patch are shown;
fig. 8 is a schematic partial structural diagram of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application, in which a feeding unit is shown;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array employing a standing waveform, which realizes taylor distribution modulation of radiation power by adjusting the width of a patch;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 9;
fig. 11 is a schematic phase shift diagram of the antenna array of fig. 9;
fig. 12 is a schematic phase shift diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
figure 13 is a pitch plane pattern of the antenna array of figure 9;
fig. 14 is a elevation pattern of an antenna array provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna echo damage of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application.
The reference numbers illustrate:
10. an antenna base; 11. an antenna side; 12. a feed side; 131. a first dielectric substrate; 132. a second dielectric substrate; 14. a first ground plane; 141. a first slit; 15. an intermediate dielectric substrate; 16. a second ground plane; 161. a second slit; 17. a first metal via;
20. a radiation unit; 21. a radiation patch; 211. a first groove; 22. a microstrip line; 221. a first microstrip line; 30. a power feeding unit; 31. a feed microstrip line;
40. an intermediate metal patch; 50. a first metal patch; 51. a gap; 52. a first through hole;
60. a second metal patch; 61. a second groove; 62. a second through hole; 63. a third through hole; 70. a second metal via;
101. and (3) pasting.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below clearly with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Some embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
The planning of each country applies a 77-81 GHz frequency band with 79GHz as a center frequency to a vehicle-mounted millimeter wave broadband radar. Compared with a 76-77 GHz narrow-band frequency band, the 77-81 GHz broadband radar can greatly improve range resolution, is suitable for application scenes with high range resolution (0.15-0.3 m) in short-distance detection, and an antenna serving as an important component of a radar front end needs to have broadband working capacity, including impedance matching in a broadband range, side lobe suppression, beam pointing and gain flatness.
1) Impedance matching: the antenna can be divided into a traveling wave antenna and a standing wave antenna, the existing antenna mainly adopts the standing wave antenna, the impedance characteristic of the existing antenna is changed along with the frequency, and the problem of narrow impedance bandwidth (the relative bandwidth is about 3 percent) exists;
2) side lobe suppression bandwidth: in the prior art, the side lobe suppression in a narrow-band range is better than 20dB, but the realization of the side lobe suppression in a wide band is a difficult point of designing a wide-band radar antenna;
3) beam pointing: the beam direction refers to the direction position of the point with the maximum gain in the antenna directional diagram, the beam direction of the antenna array is determined by the phase of each radiation unit, and the existing one-end side feed mode can only ensure that the beam direction is stabilized at a normal point in a narrow band;
4) gain flatness: in the prior art, the gain flatness of the antenna in the broadband is about 4-5 dB, and the value is too large, so that the radar detection distance is insufficient.
To solve at least one of the above problems, embodiments of the present application provide an antenna array. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the antenna array includes an antenna base 10, a radiation element 20, and a feed element 30. The antenna base 10 has an antenna side 11 and a feed side 12 arranged opposite each other. The radiating element 20 is provided at the antenna side 11. The radiation unit 20 includes a plurality of radiation patches 21 arranged in a first direction. The plurality of radiation patches 21 are connected in sequence, and each radiation patch 21 is provided with a first groove 211. The feeding element 30 is provided at the feeding side 12 for coupling energy to the middle of the radiating element 20.
Wherein the width of each radiating patch 21 along the second direction is the same, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The groove depth of the first grooves 211 of the other radiation patches 21 in the first direction increases from the middle to the end of the radiation unit 20, except for the first grooves 211a of the radiation patches 21a at the end of the radiation unit 20.
In the antenna array in this embodiment, the widths of the radiation patches 21 are the same, and the depths of the slots of the first grooves 211 formed in the other radiation patches 21 located at the non-end portions of the radiation unit 20 are sequentially increased from the middle portion to the end portion of the radiation unit 20, so that the antenna array has a wider operating bandwidth; the size of the radiation energy of each radiation patch 21 can be adjusted, taylor distribution modulation of the radiation energy is realized, the side lobe can be effectively suppressed while the radiation requirement of the electromagnetic wave of the preset frequency band is met, and the high side suppression ratio or low side lobe characteristic of the antenna array is realized.
It can be understood that, in the process of radiating energy from the middle of the radiation unit 20 to the two ends, the energy is attenuated step by step, and the energy is weaker as the energy is transmitted to the two ends, so that the gradual change of the groove depth of the first grooves 211 formed in the other radiation patches 21 can make the energy distribution of each radiation patch 21 more reasonable, and the side lobe is lower.
Illustratively, the first direction is a direction along which a length of the antenna array extends. The second direction is a width extension direction of the antenna array.
Illustratively, the first direction is a length extension direction of the radiation unit 20. The second direction is a width extension direction of the radiation unit 20.
Illustratively, the first direction is as indicated by the Y-direction in fig. 2, and the second direction is as indicated by the X-direction in fig. 2.
In some embodiments, the first recesses 211a of the radiation patches 21a at the ends of the radiation elements 20 face the middle of the radiation elements 20, and the first recesses 211 of the other radiation patches 21 face away from the middle of the radiation elements 20. The first recess 211a of the radiation patch 21a at the end can be used to adjust impedance matching, which realizes radiation characteristics of the antenna array. It can be understood that the taylor distribution modulation of the radiation power can be realized by controlling the gradual change of the slot depth of the first slots 211 opened by the other radiation patches 21, and the electric field on the whole antenna array can be in a traveling wave distribution state by designing the first slots 211a of the radiation patches 21a at the end portions to be port matched.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, the radiation patches 21 are square, and the length LS of the radiation patches 21 along the first direction is 0.5 λg. The width WS of the radiation patch 21 in the second direction is 0.42 λg-1.12λgI.e. 0.42 lambdag、0.60λg、1.0λg、1.12λgAnd 0.42 lambdag-1.12λgAny other suitable value in between. Wherein λgIs the equivalent medium wavelength at the central frequency point. The length LS of the radiating patch 21 determines the resonant frequency of the antenna array, and the width of the radiating patch 21 affects the radiation impedance and the port matching effect of the antenna array. By arranging the radiation patches 21 with reasonable size, the slotting depth of the first grooves 211 formed in other radiation patches 21 along the first direction is sequentially increased from the middle part to the end part of the radiation unit 20, so that when energy is radiated on the radiation patches 21, the generated resonance frequency and bandwidth are in a preset rangeIn the enclosure, the energy is reasonably distributed on the radiation patch 21, and the characteristic of low side lobe can be realized.
In some embodiments, the first grooves 211 have the same groove width along the second direction, so as to facilitate the processing of the first grooves. In other embodiments, the slot width of each first groove 211 along the second direction may also be gradually changed to adjust the port matching characteristics.
In some embodiments, the first groove 211 has a groove width WS of 0.16 λ in the second directiong-0.25λgI.e. 0.16 lambdag、0.20λg、0.25λgAnd 0.16 lambdag-0.25λgAny other suitable value in between. The first groove 211 has a groove depth LS of 0.05 λg-0.18λgI.e. 0.05 lambdag、0.10λg、0.18λgAnd 0.05 lambdag-0.18λgAny other suitable value in between. Wherein λgIs the equivalent medium wavelength at the central frequency point. The groove width of the first groove 211 can be used to adjust the port matching characteristics. The groove depth of the first groove 211 can be used to adjust the radiation impedance. Through the size that sets up reasonable radiation patch 21 and the size of first recess 211 for when the energy radiated on radiation patch 21, produced resonant frequency and bandwidth were in predetermineeing the within range, and the energy distributes more rationally on radiation patch 21, effectively reduces sidelobe interference's influence, realizes lower sidelobe.
In some embodiments, the antenna array is a back-fed traveling wave antenna array, so that the antenna array has a wider operating bandwidth and meets the requirements of good gain flatness and stable beam pointing in a broadband.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in some embodiments, the antenna base 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 131, a first ground layer 14, an intermediate dielectric substrate 15, a second ground layer 16, a second dielectric substrate 132, and a plurality of first metal vias 17. The surface of the first dielectric substrate 131 is provided with the power feeding unit 30. The first ground layer 14 is disposed on a surface of the first dielectric substrate 131 facing away from the power feeding unit 30. The intermediate dielectric substrate 15 is disposed on a surface of the first ground layer 14 facing away from the first dielectric substrate 131. The second ground layer 16 is disposed on a surface of the intermediate dielectric substrate 15 facing away from the first ground layer 14. The second dielectric substrate 132 is disposed on a surface of the second ground layer 16 facing away from the intermediate dielectric substrate 15, and the radiation unit 20 is disposed on a side of the second dielectric substrate 132 facing away from the second ground layer 16. The second dielectric substrate 132, the second ground layer 16, the intermediate dielectric substrate 15, the first ground layer 14, and the first dielectric substrate 131 are sequentially stacked from top to bottom.
Illustratively, the power feeding unit 30 may be adhered to the surface of the first dielectric substrate 131, or may be disposed on the surface of the first dielectric substrate 131 by any other suitable method such as etching.
In some embodiments, the antenna array is prepared by adopting a PCB lamination process, including copper coating, lamination and mixed pressing, and mechanical through hole punching, and a blind buried hole design is not required to be introduced during the preparation of the antenna array, so that the processing cost is reduced, and the processing yield is improved.
Illustratively, the side of the first dielectric substrate 131 away from the second dielectric substrate 132 is the feeding side 12 of the antenna base 10. The side of the second dielectric substrate 132 away from the first dielectric substrate 131 is the antenna side 11 of the antenna base 10.
Referring to fig. 1, the first ground layer 14 has a first slot 141. The second ground layer 16 is provided with a second slot 161. The plurality of first metal vias 17 penetrate through the first dielectric substrate 131, the first ground layer 14, the intermediate dielectric substrate 15, the second ground layer 16 and the second dielectric substrate 132, and the plurality of first metal vias 17 surround the first slot 141 and the second slot 161. Wherein the first slot 141 and the second slot 161 are used for coupling the energy of the feeding unit 30 to the middle of the radiating unit 20. In the antenna array in this embodiment, a traveling wave antenna is adopted, a slot coupling and a feed structure feeding from the middle of the radiation unit 20 are used as an auxiliary material, and a plurality of first metal via holes 17 equivalent to a waveguide structure are combined, so that the antenna array has a wider operating bandwidth, and the requirements of good gain flatness and stable beam pointing direction are met in a broadband.
It can be understood that the energy of the feeding unit 30 propagates to the first slot 141 by way of slot coupling, the plurality of first metal vias 17 surround the first slot 141 and the second slot 161 to form an equivalent waveguide structure, such that the energy coupled to the first slot 141 propagates to the second slot 161 by way of the equivalent waveguide structure, the second slot 161 propagates to the middle of the radiating unit 20 by way of coupling, and radiates the energy to the space in the form of an electromagnetic wave by way of the radiating unit 20.
A plurality of first metal through holes 17 are arranged to form an equivalent waveguide structure, and when energy is transmitted in the equivalent waveguide structure, attenuation is low, and the efficiency of the antenna can be guaranteed. When the energy is transmitted on the radiation unit 20, the energy is radiated from the middle of the radiation unit 20 to the two ends step by step, so that the effect of stable beam pointing is realized.
Illustratively, the shape and structure of the first slit 141 are the same as those of the second slit 161, so that the attenuation of energy is small during the energy is coupled to the radiation unit 20 through the first slit 141 and the second slit 161.
The shape of the first slit 141 and/or the second slit 161 may be designed according to actual requirements, for example, it may be any one of a rectangle, an H-shape, a dumbbell shape, a bow tie shape, an hourglass shape, and the like.
The sizes of the first slot 141 and the second slot 161 may be designed to be any suitable sizes according to actual requirements, so that the coupling efficiency of the energy of the feeding unit 30 to the second slot 161 is high, or the coupling efficiency of the energy of the first slot 141 to the radiating unit 20 is high.
In some embodiments, the first slit 141 corresponds in position to the second slit 161. Specifically, orthographic projections of the first slit 141 and the second slit 161 overlap on the plate surface of the first dielectric substrate 131. Further, the extending direction of the plurality of first metal vias 17 is perpendicular to the plate surface of the first dielectric substrate 131, and the cross-sectional shape of the equivalent waveguide structure formed by the plurality of first metal vias 17 in the direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the first dielectric substrate 131 is rectangular. By arranging a plurality of metal vias, which can be equivalent to a waveguide structure, around the first slot 141 and the second slot 161, the loss of energy in the medium can be effectively reduced.
When the plurality of first metal vias 17 are provided, the cross-sectional shape of the equivalent waveguide structure formed by the space surrounded by the plurality of first metal vias 17 may be the same as or different from the first slot 141 (or the second slot 161) in the direction parallel to the plate surface of the first dielectric substrate 131. For example, the cross-sectional shape may be any one of a rectangle, an H-shape, a dumbbell shape, a bow tie shape, an hourglass shape, a circle, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, and the like.
In some embodiments, each first metal via 17 and the first slot 141 (or the second slot 161) may be disposed at equal intervals. In other embodiments, the pitches of each first metal via 17 and the first slot 141 (or the second slot 161) may be different or not identical.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the plurality of first metal vias 17 are formed by forming corresponding through holes on each of the dielectric substrate and the ground layer, and filling metal material in the through holes. Specifically, the second ground layer 16, the intermediate dielectric substrate 15, and the first ground layer 14 are respectively provided with a plurality of through holes. The plurality of through holes in the second ground layer 16, the plurality of through holes in the intermediate dielectric substrate 15, and the plurality of through holes in the first ground layer 14 correspond in position and have the same shape. After the layers are laminated to form an integral body, a layer of metal is plated on the inner walls of the plurality of through holes of each layer, or the through holes of each layer are filled with metal, so that first metal via holes 17 are formed. The metal material of the first metal via 17 may be copper, aluminum, silver, or the like.
In some embodiments, the first ground layer 14 and the second ground layer 16 are made of metal, such as copper foil, aluminum foil, silver foil, etc. The first dielectric substrate 131, the intermediate dielectric substrate 15, and the second dielectric substrate 132 are laminated plates, and for example, the first dielectric substrate 131 and the second dielectric substrate 132 are made of a high-frequency low-loss material (e.g., Rogers Ro4835, Rogers Ro3003, etc.). The material of the intermediate dielectric substrate is FR 4.
The material of each layer is selected according to the application, and the first dielectric substrate 131 is used as a bearing base of the power feeding unit 30, on one hand, to provide sufficient support for the power feeding unit 30, and on the other hand, to isolate the power feeding unit 30 from the first ground layer 14, so that the first slot 141 can be coupled with the power feeding unit 30, and therefore, the first dielectric substrate 131 is made of a high-frequency low-loss material, energy loss is reduced, and coupling efficiency can be improved. The second dielectric substrate 132 is similar to the first dielectric substrate 131, and is also made of a high-frequency low-loss material. The intermediate dielectric substrate 15 can be used for radar routing, due to the introduction of the intermediate dielectric substrate 15, the longitudinal distance between the first gap 141 and the second gap 161 is increased, an equivalent waveguide structure is formed by a part surrounded by the plurality of first metal via holes 17, energy coupled by the first gap 141 can be transmitted to the second gap 161 more intensively, and in consideration of cost, the intermediate dielectric substrate 15 can be made of a common FR4 material.
It is understood that the number of the intermediate medium substrates 15 can be set according to actual requirements, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, … … N layers, where N is a positive integer. The thickness of each layer of the intermediate dielectric substrate 15 may be designed according to actual requirements, and is not limited herein. In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the number of the intermediate dielectric substrates 15 is plural. Illustratively, the number of intermediate dielectric substrates 15 is 5 layers, i.e., intermediate dielectric substrates 151, 152, 153, 154, 155. The number of the intermediate dielectric substrates 15 is related to the amplitude-phase characteristics of the energy, and the amplitude-phase characteristics need to be kept as constant as possible when the energy coupled to the first slot 141 by the power feeding unit 30 propagates to the second slot 161.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in some embodiments, the antenna array further includes two intermediate metal patches 40. The two middle metal patches 40 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the middle dielectric substrate 15. The two intermediate metal patches 40 at least partially overlap on a projection plane parallel to the intermediate dielectric substrate 15.
In the antenna array of this embodiment, the two middle metal patches 40 have a superposition portion on the projection plane parallel to the middle dielectric substrate 15, and the superposition portion is equivalent to adding capacitive loading to the antenna array, so as to cancel the inductive portion of the antenna array impedance. The two middle metal patches 40 form an equivalent capacitance structure, which can provide a partial capacitance effect, and adjusting the overlapping length of the overlapping portion can be used for impedance matching of the antenna array.
Illustratively, the two middle metal patches 40 form an equivalent capacitance structure, and adjusting the overlapping length of the overlapping portion can adjust the equivalent capacitance of the equivalent capacitance structure, so that the reactance can be finely adjusted.
Illustratively, the equivalent capacitor structure can enable the reactance to reach a required value, reduce the energy reflection of the antenna array and improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna array. The required value may be set according to actual requirements, for example, to make the reactance close to zero.
In some embodiments, the material of the intermediate metal patch 40 is copper. The thickness of the middle metal patch 40 can be set according to actual requirements. For example, referring to fig. 5, the middle metal patch 40 is square, and the length LT of the middle metal patch 40 along the first direction is 0.038 λg-0.13λgI.e. 0.038 lambdag、0.05λg、0.10λg、0.13λgAnd 0.038 lambdag-0.13λgAny other suitable value in between. The width WT of the intermediate metal patch 40 in the second direction is 0.038 λg-0.25λgI.e. 0.038 lambdag、0.10λg、0.20λg、0.25λgAnd 0.038 lambdag-0.25λgAny other suitable value in between.
The two middle metal patches 40 can be designed at any suitable positions according to actual requirements. In some embodiments, intermediate metal patch 40 is located between first ground layer 14 and second ground layer 16. Specifically, the first ground layer 14, the two intermediate metal patches 40, and the second ground layer 16 are sequentially arranged in the stacking direction of the first ground layer 14, the intermediate dielectric substrate 15, and the second ground layer 16.
In some embodiments, two intermediate metal patches 40 are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the intermediate dielectric substrate 15, and the intermediate dielectric substrate 15 is the middle-most one of the plurality of intermediate dielectric substrates 15. Referring to fig. 4, the number of the intermediate dielectric substrates 15 is 5, i.e., the intermediate dielectric substrates 151, 152, 153, 154, 155. The two middle metal patches 40 are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the middle dielectric substrate 153.
Illustratively, the number of intermediate dielectric substrates 15 is 6 layers, i.e., a first intermediate plate, a second intermediate plate, a third intermediate plate, a fourth intermediate plate, a fifth intermediate plate, and a sixth intermediate plate. Two intermediate metal patches 40 are respectively provided on two opposite surfaces of the third intermediate plate (or the fourth intermediate plate).
The antenna array of the present embodiment can be effectively used for impedance matching of the antenna array by disposing the two intermediate metal patches 40 at appropriate positions.
In some embodiments, at least two intermediate dielectric substrates 15 are disposed between two intermediate metal patches 40. Illustratively, the number of intermediate dielectric substrates 15 is 5 layers, i.e., intermediate dielectric substrates 151, 152, 153, 154, 155. An intermediate medium substrate 152, 153 is arranged between the two intermediate metal patches 40. One of the middle metal patches 40 is disposed on a side of the middle dielectric substrate 152 away from the middle dielectric substrate 153, and the other middle metal patch 40 is disposed on a side of the middle dielectric substrate 153 away from the middle dielectric substrate 152.
Illustratively, the number of intermediate dielectric substrates 15 is 5 layers, i.e., intermediate dielectric substrates 151, 152, 153, 154, 155. Intermediate dielectric substrates 152, 153, 154 are provided between the two intermediate metal patches 40. One of the middle metal patches 40 is disposed on a side of the middle dielectric substrate 152 away from the middle dielectric substrate 153, and the other middle metal patch 40 is disposed on a side of the middle dielectric substrate 154 away from the middle dielectric substrate 153.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 6, in some embodiments, adjacent radiating patches 21 are connected by a microstrip line 22. The first slot 141 and the second slot 161 are used for coupling the energy of the feeding unit 30 to the first microstrip line 221 in the middle of the radiating unit 20. The first microstrip line 221 is one of the plurality of microstrip lines 22.
The radiation unit 20 is a microstrip patch series feed type structure, energy transmitted by the second slot 161 is coupled to the first microstrip line 221, and the energy flows to both ends of the radiation unit 20, generates radiation on the radiation patch 21, and flows on the microstrip line 22. In the orthographic projection of the first dielectric substrate 131, the second slot 161 intersects with the first microstrip line 221 at an angle of 90 °. In other words, the extension direction of the microstrip line 22 (including the first microstrip line 221) and the length direction of the second slot 161 are perpendicular to each other. It is understood that in an actual product, due to manufacturing tolerance and the like, the angle between the length direction of the second slot 161 and the microstrip line 22 (including the first microstrip line 221) is allowed to slightly float, for example, when the angle is 85 ° to 95 °, the length direction of the second slot 161 can also be considered to be perpendicular to the first microstrip line 221. The angle is set so that the second slot 161 can couple with the first microstrip line 221 to propagate energy. The radiation unit 20 adopts a microstrip patch structure form, and radiates from the first microstrip line 221 in the middle to the two ends step by step, so that the beam pointing is ensured to be stabilized at a normal point in a broadband range, and the stability is good.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, one end of the microstrip line 22 connecting two adjacent radiation patches 21 is connected to the bottom wall of the first groove 211, and the other end is connected to one end of the adjacent radiation patch 21, which faces away from the first groove 211.
Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, the radiation units 20 are symmetrically disposed. The symmetrical radiation units 20 radiate energy on the radiation patches 21 on both sides of the first microstrip line 221 in the same form, and the obtained antenna pattern is in a symmetrical structure, and the beam stably points to a normal point in a broadband range. Referring to fig. 2, in some embodiments, the radiating element 20 is symmetrical with respect to the first microstrip line 221. In other embodiments, the radiating element 20 is symmetrically disposed about the radiating patch 21 in the middle of the radiating element 20.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the antenna array further includes a first metal patch 50. The first metal patch 50 is disposed on the antenna side 11 and encloses the middle of the radiating element 20.
It will be appreciated that the first metal sheet is connected to the first metal via 17. Around the first microstrip line 221 in the middle of the radiating element 20, a first metal patch 50 is disposed. The first metal patch 50 is provided with a slit 51 and a first through-hole 52. The slit 51 corresponds to the first slit 141, and is used to expose the coupling space of the first slit 141 to avoid shielding. The inner wall of the first through hole 52 is connected to the plurality of first metal vias 17.
In an orthographic projection of the plate surface of the first dielectric substrate 131, the feed microstrip line 31 intersects with the first slot 141 and has an included angle of 90 °, that is, the extending direction of the feed microstrip line 31 is perpendicular to the length direction of the first slot 141. The feeding unit 30 couples energy to the first slot 141 in the same manner as the second slot 161 couples energy to the first microstrip line 221 of the radiating unit 20, which is a slot coupling manner.
The structure of the feed microstrip line 31 may be a long strip, and a wider width may be provided at the front position where energy flows, and impedance matching may be performed. The front end of the energy flow of the feed microstrip line 31 is used for connecting with a feed line and receiving the energy of the radio frequency chip, and the energy flows in the feed microstrip line 31 and is coupled to the second slot 161 at the tail end of the energy flow.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 7 and fig. 8, in some embodiments, the feeding unit 30 includes a feeding microstrip line 31, and the antenna array further includes a second metal patch 60. The second metal patch 60 is disposed on the feeding side surface 12, the second metal patch 60 is provided with a second groove 61, the feeding microstrip line 31 extends into the second groove 61 and has a gap with an inner wall of the second groove 61, and the plurality of first metal via holes 17 are connected between the first metal patch 50 and the second metal patch 60. The second groove 61 is arranged to surround the feed microstrip line 31, so as to prevent the energy of the feed microstrip line 31 from radiating to both sides, and reduce the loss of energy, so that the more energy is coupled to the second slot 161.
In other embodiments, the structure for coupling energy to the second slot 161 is not limited to the microstrip line 22 structure, and a coplanar waveguide form (GCPW), a substrate integrated waveguide form (SIW), and the like may also be adopted.
Referring to fig. 1 and 8, in some embodiments, the first dielectric substrate 131 is formed with a plurality of second metal vias 70. A plurality of second metal vias 70 are disposed on one side edge of the second metal patch 60 facing away from the opening direction of the second groove 61. A plurality of second metal vias 70 are connected between the second metal patch 60 and the first ground layer 14. The second metal patch 60 is provided with a second through hole 62, the second metal via hole 70 is connected with a side wall of the second through hole 62, and the second metal via hole 70 forms a blocking and shielding structure, so that the transmission of the power of the feed microstrip line 31 along the extension direction thereof is reduced, and the energy is coupled to the first slot 141 as much as possible.
The second metal patch 60 is further provided with a plurality of third through holes 63, and the sidewalls of the plurality of third through holes 63 are connected with the first metal via holes 17, so that the first metal patch 50 and the second metal patch 60 jointly connect and fix the first metal via holes 17.
It can be understood that the arrow in fig. 4 indicates a propagation direction of energy, the energy is coupled from the feeding unit 30 to the first slot 141 of the first ground layer 14, in an equivalent waveguide structure formed by a space surrounded by the plurality of first metal vias 17, the energy coupled by the first slot 141 propagates to the second slot 161 of the second ground layer 16, the energy propagated by the second slot 161 is further coupled to the middle of the radiating unit 20 and propagates from the middle to both ends of the radiating unit 20, and when the energy propagates on the radiating unit 20, the electromagnetic wave is radiated to the surrounding space, thereby implementing a propagation process from the energy to the electromagnetic wave. The two middle metal patches 40 form an equivalent capacitance structure, which can provide a partial capacitance effect to help the impedance matching of the antenna array.
In summary, in the antenna array provided in the embodiment of the present application, the widths of the radiation patches 21 are the same, and the depths of the first grooves 211 formed in the other radiation patches 21 located at the non-end portions of the radiation unit 20 are sequentially increased from the middle portion to the end portion of the radiation unit 20, so that the antenna array has a wider operating bandwidth; the size of the radiation energy of each radiation patch 21 can be adjusted, taylor distribution modulation of the radiation energy is realized, the radiation requirement of electromagnetic waves of a preset frequency band is met, the side lobe can be effectively inhibited, and the low side lobe characteristic is realized. In addition, the antenna array of the embodiment of the application has a simple structure and is easy to process and manufacture. In addition, the antenna array of the embodiment of the application has wide impedance bandwidth, and the working frequency band covers 76GHz-81 GHz. The beam pointing can be stabilized at the normal point. The gain flatness is less than 1 dB.
The present application also provides a comparative example. Referring to fig. 9 and 10, the antenna array shown in fig. 9 and 10 adopts a standing waveform, the antenna array includes a plurality of sequentially connected patches 101, no notch structure is disposed on the patches 101, taylor distribution modulation of radiation power is realized by adjusting the width of each patch 101, so as to realize a high side suppression ratio and realize a low side lobe characteristic of the antenna array.
Referring to fig. 11, the antenna array in fig. 9 is simulated, and it is obtained that in the bandwidth range of 76GHz-81GHz, since the widths of the patches 101 are different, the phase velocity difference is obvious, and the phase shift between the centers of the patches 101 changes greatly with the frequency, which affects the stability of the directional diagram in the broadband, and causes the problems of directional diagram distortion and side lobe lifting.
Referring to fig. 12, the antenna array of the present application is simulated, and the phase shift between the centers of the radiation patches is stable within the bandwidth range of 76GHz-81 GHz.
Referring to fig. 13, a simulation is performed on the antenna array in fig. 9 to obtain a schematic diagram of sidelobe suppression performance of the pitching surface at the frequency points of 76.5GHz, 77GHz, 79GHz, and 81 GHz.
Referring to fig. 14, the antenna array of the present application is simulated, and the sidelobe suppression of the pitching surface at the frequency points of 76.5GHz, 77GHz, 79GHz, and 81GHz is less than 20dB, and the sidelobe suppression is good. As can be seen from comparing fig. 13 and fig. 14, the antenna array of the present application has significantly lower side lobes in a broadband, and can reduce the influence of side lobe interference.
Referring to fig. 15, the antenna array of the present application is simulated, and the return loss of the antenna is less than-10 dB in the frequency band of 76GHz-81GHz, and the matching effect is good.
The embodiment of the application also provides a radar which is a millimeter wave radar. The radar comprises a power supply and the antenna array provided by the embodiment of the application, wherein the power supply is used for supplying power to the antenna array.
The antenna array may further include a data line on the intermediate dielectric substrate for supplying power or transmitting a control signal. A signal processor may also be included in the radar, which may include a radio frequency chip operable to feed energy to the antenna array. The signal processor may also process electrical signals received by the antenna.
The embodiment of the application also provides a movable platform, such as an automobile, a ship, a train and the like, and the movable platform comprises a machine body and the radar provided by the embodiment of the application, wherein the radar is arranged on the machine body.
The foregoing detailed description of the embodiments of the present application has been presented to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application, and the above description of the embodiments is only provided to help understand the method and the core concept of the present application; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.
Claims (22)
1. An antenna array, comprising:
the antenna base body is provided with an antenna side face and a feed side face which are oppositely arranged;
the radiating unit is arranged on the side face of the antenna and comprises a plurality of radiating patches which are arranged along a first direction, the radiating patches are sequentially connected, and each radiating patch is provided with a first groove;
the feed unit is arranged on the feed side surface and used for coupling energy to the middle part of the radiation unit;
the width of each radiation patch along a second direction is the same, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; except for the first grooves formed in the radiation patches positioned at the end parts of the radiation units, the grooving depths of the first grooves formed in the other radiation patches along the first direction are sequentially increased from the middle parts to the end parts of the radiation units.
2. An antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the first recesses provided in the radiating patches at the ends of the radiating elements face towards the middle of the radiating elements, and the first recesses provided in the other radiating patches face away from the middle of the radiating elements.
3. An antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the radiating patches are square,the length of the radiation patch along the first direction is 0.5 lambdagThe width of the radiating patch along the second direction is 0.42 lambdag-1.12λgWherein λ isgIs the equivalent medium wavelength at the central frequency point.
4. An antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the slot width of each of the first slots in the second direction is the same.
5. An antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the first groove has a slot width of 0.16 λ in the second directiong-0.25λgThe grooving depth of the first groove is 0.05 lambdag-0.18λgWherein λ isgIs the equivalent medium wavelength at the central frequency point.
6. An antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the antenna base comprises:
the surface of the first dielectric substrate is provided with the power feeding unit;
the first grounding layer is arranged on the surface, back to the power feeding unit, of the first dielectric substrate and provided with a first gap;
the intermediate medium substrate is arranged on the surface of the first grounding layer, which is opposite to the first medium substrate;
the second grounding layer is arranged on the surface of the intermediate medium substrate, which is opposite to the first grounding layer, and a second gap is formed in the second grounding layer;
the second dielectric substrate is arranged on the surface, back to the intermediate dielectric substrate, of the second grounding layer, and the radiation unit is arranged on one side, back to the second grounding layer, of the second dielectric substrate;
a plurality of first metal vias, the plurality of first metal vias penetrating through the first dielectric substrate, the first ground layer, the intermediate dielectric substrate, the second ground layer and the second dielectric substrate, and the plurality of first metal vias enclosing around the first slot and the second slot;
wherein the first slot and the second slot are used for coupling the energy of the feed unit to the middle part of the radiation unit.
7. An antenna array according to claim 6, further comprising:
the two middle metal patches are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the middle medium substrate; the two middle metal patches are at least partially overlapped on a projection plane parallel to the middle medium substrate.
8. An antenna array according to claim 7, wherein the intermediate metal patch is located between the first ground plane and the second ground plane.
9. An antenna array according to claim 7, wherein the number of the intermediate dielectric substrates is plural.
10. An antenna array according to claim 7, wherein the two intermediate metal patches are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of an intermediate dielectric substrate, and the intermediate dielectric substrate is a middle one of the plurality of intermediate dielectric substrates.
11. An antenna array according to claim 7, wherein at least two intermediate dielectric substrates are provided between two of the intermediate metal patches.
12. An antenna array according to claim 7, wherein the intermediate metal patches are square, and the length of the intermediate metal patches in the first direction is 0.038 λg-0.13λgThe width of the middle metal patch along the second direction is 0.038 lambdag-0.25λg。
13. An antenna array according to claim 7, wherein a plurality of the first metal vias are provided around the middle metal patch.
14. An antenna array according to claim 6, wherein the first slot or the second slot is any one of rectangular, H-shaped, dumbbell-shaped, bowtie-shaped, and hourglass-shaped.
15. An antenna array according to claim 6, wherein the first slot corresponds in position to the second slot.
16. An antenna array according to claim 6, wherein the first and second ground planes are metal, and the first dielectric substrate, the intermediate dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are laminated boards.
17. An antenna array according to claim 6, wherein adjacent radiating patches are connected by a microstrip line, and the first slot and the second slot are used for coupling the energy of the feed element to a first microstrip line in the middle of the radiating element, wherein the first microstrip line is one of a plurality of microstrip lines.
18. An antenna array according to claim 17 wherein the radiating elements are symmetrically arranged.
19. An antenna array according to claim 6, wherein the feeding unit includes a feeding microstrip line, the antenna array further includes a first metal patch and a second metal patch, the first metal patch is disposed on the side surface of the antenna and encloses the middle portion of the radiating unit, the second metal patch is disposed on the feeding side surface, the second metal patch is formed with a second groove, the feeding microstrip line extends into the second groove and has a gap with an inner wall of the second groove, and the plurality of first metal via holes are connected between the first metal patch and the second metal patch.
20. The antenna array of claim 19, wherein the first dielectric substrate defines a plurality of second metal vias, the plurality of second metal vias are disposed on an edge of the second metal patch facing away from the opening of the second recess, and the plurality of second metal vias are connected between the second metal patch and the first ground layer.
21. A radar, comprising:
a power source; and
the antenna array of any one of claims 1 to 20, the power source for supplying power to the antenna array.
22. A movable platform, comprising:
a body; and
the radar of claim 21, disposed on the fuselage.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2020/106431 WO2022021430A1 (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Antenna array, radar, and movable platform |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113169459A true CN113169459A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202080006540.4A Pending CN113169459A (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Antenna array, radar and movable platform |
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| WO (1) | WO2022021430A1 (en) |
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| CN113690576A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-23 | 南京隼眼电子科技有限公司 | Microstrip antenna and wireless signal transmission device |
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| CN115395213A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-11-25 | 加特兰微电子科技(上海)有限公司 | Antenna unit, array antenna, radar sensor and electronic equipment |
| WO2023013405A1 (en) | 2021-08-02 | 2023-02-09 | Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation | Antenna device, radar device and vehicle control system |
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| WO2022021430A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
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