CN113203328B - Dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for tunnel excavation contour surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for a tunnel excavation profile surface, which relates to the technical field of blasting and comprises the following steps: sequentially drilling peripheral holes on a highway tunnel excavation contour line, wherein the peripheral holes comprise a first peripheral hole and a second peripheral hole which are sequentially arranged at intervals; injecting a rock silent breaking agent into the second peripheral hole which is drilled; drilling auxiliary holes and cut holes in the tunnel; and filling explosives in all the first peripheral holes and the auxiliary holes and the cut holes in the tunnel, plugging the holes of the first peripheral holes by using plugs, and detonating all the explosives by using detonating tube detonators. According to the invention, through the first peripheral hole and the second peripheral hole which are arranged at intervals, the rock soundless breaking agent is used for generating microcracks in advance, so that the use amount of explosives can be reduced, the damage and vibration of surrounding rocks generated by explosive explosion are reduced, the flatness of the tunnel excavation profile surface is improved, the overexcavation caused by large-range block falling after explosion is avoided, and the subsequent supporting cost is reduced.

Description

A combined dynamic and static blasting forming method for tunnel excavation profile surface

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a combined dynamic and static blasting forming method of a tunnel excavation profile surface.

Background technique

With the continuous development of my country's highway, railway, water conservancy and other industries, there are more and more tunnel projects. At present, in rock tunnel excavation engineering, blasting method is mostly used for rock crushing. In order to meet the requirements of the excavation and forming quality of the surrounding contour of the tunnel, smooth blasting technology is usually used to reduce the disturbance to the surrounding rock, so as to form a relatively flat excavation contour surface.

However, when excavating tunnels in weak surrounding rock, the smooth blasting method still has some defects:

(1) In order to achieve a better contour forming effect, the peripheral holes need to be controlled with a smaller hole distance, which is difficult to construct, resulting in high drilling costs, time-consuming and labor-intensive.

(2) When continuous charging is used for the peripheral hole, the surrounding rock is seriously damaged; when the air-spaced charging is used, the processing of the coil is complicated.

(3) In order to achieve the blasting effect, the peripheral holes need to be detonated at the same time or the vibrations generated by the same batch of holes with more holes are strong.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the deficiencies of related products in the prior art, the present invention proposes a combined dynamic and static blasting forming method for a tunnel excavation contour surface, which can reduce the harmful blasting effects caused by explosive explosions and improve the effect of smooth blasting of peripheral holes on tunnel contour forming. Effect.

The invention provides a combined dynamic and static blasting forming method for a tunnel excavation profile surface, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Drill peripheral holes in sequence on the road tunnel excavation contour line, and the peripheral holes include a first peripheral hole and a second peripheral hole arranged at intervals in sequence;

Step 2: During the drilling process, inject rock silent crushing agent into the second peripheral hole that has been drilled;

Step 3: After all the peripheral holes are drilled and filled with the rock silent crushing agent, drill auxiliary holes and undercut holes in the tunnel. During this process, the rock silent crushing agent will gradually expand and compress the rock. There are some micro-cracks caused by expansion around the hole;

Step 4: All the first peripheral holes and the auxiliary holes and undercut holes in the tunnel are filled with explosives, the openings of the first peripheral holes are blocked with plugs, and all explosives are detonated with detonators.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in step 1, the diameter of the peripheral hole is 40mm.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in step 2, after the rock silent breaking agent is filled into the second peripheral hole, the maximum expansion force is reached before the explosive is detonated.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in step 4, when the explosive is charged in the first peripheral hole, a continuous charging structure is used for continuous charging.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

Compared with the existing smooth blasting method, the dynamic and static blasting combined forming method of the tunnel excavation profile surface according to the embodiment of the present invention uses the first peripheral hole and the second peripheral hole arranged at intervals to generate microscopic particles in advance with a rock silent crushing agent. The first peripheral hole, auxiliary hole and cutting hole are filled with explosives to detonate, which can reduce the amount of explosives used, and reduce the damage and vibration of surrounding rock caused by explosive explosions, improve the flatness of the tunnel excavation profile, avoid The over-excavation caused by the large-scale drop of blocks after blasting reduces the cost of subsequent support.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly introduces the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the peripheral hole plan layout diagram of the dynamic and static blasting combined forming method of tunnel excavation profile surface according to the present invention;

2 is a sectional view of a peripheral hole of the combined dynamic and static blasting forming method of the tunnel excavation profile surface according to the present invention.

Description of reference numbers:

1. The first peripheral hole; 2. The second peripheral hole; 3. Explosives; 4. Blockage; 5. Detonator detonator; 6. Rock silent crushing agent; 7. Microcracks.

Detailed ways

In order for those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of, but not all, embodiments of the present invention, and preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, but rather, these embodiments are provided so that a thorough understanding of the present disclosure will be provided.

With reference to Figures 1-2, which are respectively the plan layout of the peripheral holes and the cross-sectional views of the peripheral holes according to the embodiment of the present invention, the combined dynamic and static blasting forming method of the tunnel excavation profile surface according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

Step 1: Drill peripheral holes in sequence on the road tunnel excavation contour line, and the peripheral holes include a first peripheral hole 1 and a second peripheral hole 2 arranged at intervals in sequence.

Step 2: During the drilling process, inject the rock silent breaking agent 6 into the second peripheral hole 2 that has been drilled.

Step 3: After all the peripheral holes are drilled and the rock silent crushing agent 6 is filled, drill auxiliary holes and undercut holes (not shown) in the tunnel. During this process, the rock silent crushing agent 6 will gradually expand and compress the rock , some micro-cracks 7 generated by expansion are generated around the hole of the second peripheral hole 2 .

Step 4: All the first peripheral holes 1 and the auxiliary holes and undercut holes in the tunnel are filled with explosives 3, the openings of the first peripheral holes 1 are blocked with plugs 4, and the detonating tube detonator 5 is used to detonate all the Dynamite 3.

In the above step 1, the aperture size of the peripheral hole is 40mm.

In the above step 2, after the rock silent crushing agent 6 is filled into the second peripheral hole 2, the maximum expansion force is reached before the explosive 3 is detonated.

In the above step 4, when the explosive 3 is charged in the first peripheral hole 1, the continuous charging structure is used for continuous charging.

Compared with the existing smooth blasting method, the dynamic and static blasting combined forming method of the tunnel excavation profile surface according to the embodiment of the present invention, through the first peripheral holes 1 and the second peripheral holes 2 arranged at intervals, a rock silent crushing agent is used in advance. 6. Micro-cracks 7 are generated, and then explosives 3 are filled in the first peripheral hole 1, auxiliary holes and cutting holes for detonation, which can reduce the amount of explosives 3 used, and reduce the damage and vibration of the surrounding rock caused by the explosion of explosives 3, and improve the tunnel opening. The flatness of the excavation profile surface can avoid over-excavation caused by large-scale block drop after blasting, and reduce the follow-up support cost.

Contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, but do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still implement the foregoing specific implementations. Modifications are made to the technical solutions recorded in the method, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features. Any equivalent structures made by using the contents of the description and the accompanying drawings of the present invention, which are directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are all within the protection scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for a tunnel excavation profile surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: sequentially drilling peripheral holes on a highway tunnel excavation contour line, wherein the peripheral holes comprise a first peripheral hole and a second peripheral hole which are sequentially arranged at intervals;

step 2: during drilling, injecting a rock soundless breaker into the second peripheral hole which is drilled;

and step 3: after all the peripheral holes are drilled and the filling of the rock soundless cracking agent is finished, drilling auxiliary holes and cut holes in the tunnel, wherein the rock soundless cracking agent gradually expands and compresses the rock in the process, and microcracks generated by expansion are generated around the holes of the second peripheral holes;

and 4, step 4: and filling explosives in all the first peripheral holes and the auxiliary holes and the cut holes in the tunnel, plugging the holes of the first peripheral holes by using plugs, and detonating all the explosives by using detonating tube detonators.

2. The dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for the tunnel excavation profile surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 1, the pore size of the peripheral pores is 40 mm.

3. The dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for the tunnel excavation profile surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2, after the silent breaking rock agent is filled in the second peripheral hole, the maximum expansive force is reached before the explosive is detonated.

4. The dynamic and static blasting combined forming method for the tunnel excavation profile surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 4, when the explosive is filled in the first peripheral hole, continuously filling explosive by adopting a continuous explosive filling structure.

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