Method for measuring water content of oil-based drilling fluid
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fluid water content measurement, in particular to a method for measuring the water content of oil-based drilling fluid.
Background
The oil-based drilling fluid has the advantages of high temperature resistance, salt and calcium corrosion resistance, contribution to well wall stability, good lubricity, small damage degree to oil-gas layers and the like, is an important means for drilling high-temperature deep wells, large-inclination directional wells, horizontal wells and various complex strata with high difficulty at present, and can be widely used as stuck freeing fluid, perforation completion fluid, workover fluid, coring fluid and the like. In the development of oil exploitation, geological conditions are more and more complex and exploitation difficulty is more and more high. Oil-based drilling fluids are also increasingly used in geologic complex production environments. When the oil-based drilling fluid is configured, a certain proportion of water is often contained, but after the drilling fluid enters the ground bottom, formation water is possibly mixed into the oil-based drilling fluid, and the pressure, the density and other properties of the oil-based drilling fluid can be changed due to excessive water mixing, so that the drilling efficiency and the drilling safety are influenced.
Therefore, for the condition of the oil-based drilling fluid in oil and gas exploitation, the water content of the oil-based drilling fluid returned from the bottom of the well needs to be measured on line so as to monitor the properties of the drilling fluid and ensure the efficiency and safety of exploitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides the method for measuring the water content of the oil-based drilling fluid, which can measure the water content of the oil-based drilling fluid returned from the bottom of the well in time and provide reliable drilling fluid information for drilling technicians.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the water content of oil-based drilling fluid comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing oil-based drilling fluid with different water contents as test sample fluid by using raw materials, a standard container and an emulsifying machine in a laboratory;
step 2, uniformly stirring the prepared sample oil-based drilling fluid, pouring the sample oil-based drilling fluid into a mud tank, allowing the drilling fluid to flow in the mud tank, and sampling the oil-based mud by using a sampling box;
step 3, placing the sampling box after sampling on a high-power microscope objective table, carrying out microscopic photographing on the slurry sample in the sampling box, and transmitting the picture into a computer for image recognition;
and 4, obviously distinguishing the image characteristics of water and other components in the photo obtained by micrographs of the oil-based drilling fluid. The characteristic contour of the water in the photo is captured by utilizing an image recognition technology and the area of the characteristic contour is calculated. And (3) comparing the area of the water in the picture with the area of the picture to obtain an area ratio, repeating the step 1 to the step 3 for a plurality of times of measurement on the test drilling fluid with the same water content, and taking the average value of the measurement as the corresponding water area ratio under the water content. And the test drilling fluid with the rest water content is also utilized to obtain the corresponding water area ratio.
Further, in the step 1), the water content of the prepared drilling fluid sample is 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% in sequence.
Further, in the step 4), for the sample drilling fluid with the same water content, the sampling measurement times are not less than n times (n is more than or equal to 500), for the obtained n data, the data are sequenced from small to large, the data of the first 10% and the data of the second 10% are removed, the remaining data are averaged, and the average value is used as the water area ratio under the water content.
Further, in step 2, during sampling, one side of the sampling box facing the flowing direction of the drilling fluid is opened, and the drilling fluid flows into the sampling box to finish sampling.
Furthermore, the sampling position of the sampling box is half of the height of the drilling fluid in the mud tank.
Further, each sampling is performed by simultaneously sampling 5 sampling boxes at the same height.
Further, the time interval between two samplings is 30 s.
Further, when the sample is sent to the position below the objective lens of the microscope after the sampling is finished, the top surface is opened, and the microscope is used for photographing the top surface.
Furthermore, the sampling box comprises bottom plate, curb plate, roof, and the space size that these three parts enclose is length 50mm, wide 50mm, high 3 mm. The bottom plate is connected with a support rod, the side plate and the top plate are respectively connected with a connecting rod, and the support rod is provided with a traction mechanism for driving the connecting rod to move so as to open and close the sampling box. The bottom plate, the side plate, the top plate, the supporting rod and the connecting rod are all made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the bottom plate, the side plate, the top plate, the supporting rod and the connecting rod are stable in chemical property, corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant. The traction mechanism comprises a pinion, a rack, a mounting plate and a base plate. During the sample, the motor drives the pinion and rotates, and the pinion drives rack I again and rotates, and rack I makes connecting rod I upward movement in vertical direction through the transmission, drives the curb plate and opens. The sampling box has a small inner cavity volume, and drilling fluid can be filled in the sampling box in a very short time, so that after the side plate is set to be opened for 3s, the pinion rotates reversely, the connecting rod I moves vertically downwards, and the side plate is driven to move downwards to close the sampling box. After the sample box is placed on the high power microscope objective table, the motor drives the gear on the mounting plate to rotate, and II tip of connecting rod have a tooth to with gear engagement, make connecting rod II move right at the level, drive the roof and open right, set for the sample time of shooing and be 3s, after 3s, pinion antiport on the mounting plate drives II levels of connecting rod and moves left in order to close the roof. The function of bracing piece is the steady support sampling box. The thickness of the inner cavity of the sampling box is 3 mm.
Furthermore, a relational expression of the water content and the area ratio is established according to the water content area ratio, and the relational expression is used as a calculation expression for subsequent water content measurement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the principle of image identification, utilizes a computer to identify the water characteristic image in the photo of the oil-based drilling fluid obtained by high-power microscopic photographing, and calculates the ratio of the water area to the photo area. The ratio is different under different water contents. Through a large number of sampling tests, the corresponding relation between the water area ratio and the water content is established.
The invention is less influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure and the like, the water content of the oil-based drilling fluid returned from the well bottom can be measured after short time delay, reliable drilling fluid information can be provided for drilling technicians, and when the water content of the returned drilling fluid changes, the technicians can adjust the density of the oil-based drilling fluid in time so as to ensure the efficiency and safety of drilling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of moisture content measurement;
FIG. 2 is a top view of moisture content measurement;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sampling cassette;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sampling box during sampling;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a photo sampling box;
FIG. 6 is a schematic connection diagram of a rack I and a connecting rod I;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the connection between the mounting plate and the connecting rod II;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a sampling box, 2-a mud groove, 3-drilling fluid, 4-a bottom plate, 5-a side plate, 6-a top plate, 7-a supporting rod, 8-a connecting rod I, 9-a connecting rod II, 10-a high power microscope, 11-a rack I, 12-a mounting plate and 13-a backing plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below clearly and completely, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention is suitable for the production field of oil and gas exploitation by adopting the oil-based drilling fluid, samples the oil-based drilling fluid returned from the well bottom, and calculates the proportion of the water area in the picture by adopting a microscopic photographing and image recognition method so as to obtain the water content of the oil-based mud.
As shown in fig. 1 and 8, the method for measuring the water content of the oil-based drilling fluid comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing drilling fluid
The raw materials, the standard container and the high-shear emulsifying machine in a laboratory are utilized to prepare the oil-based drilling fluid with different water contents, and the water contents of the prepared oil-based drilling fluid are respectively 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50%. The prepared drilling fluid 3 is used as a sample drilling fluid 3 for subsequent tests.
Step 2, leading the sludge into a slurry tank
And (3) pouring the drilling fluid 3 prepared in the step (1) into a mud pit 2, allowing the drilling fluid 3 to flow in the mud pit 2, and sampling the flowing drilling fluid sample by using a sampling box. During sampling, one side of the sampling box 1 facing the flowing direction of the drilling fluid 3 is opened, and the drilling fluid 3 flows into the sampling box 1. The sampling position of the sampling box 1 is half of the height of the drilling fluid 3 in the mud pit 2, 5 sampling boxes 1 are used for simultaneously sampling at the same height for each sampling, as shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, and the time interval of the two samplings is 30 s.
Step 3, photographing treatment
For the sample box 1 with completed sampling, it is sent to the stage of the high power microscope 10, and it is photographed by the high power microscope 10. When taking a picture, the top plate 6 of the sampling box 1 is opened for taking a picture by a microscope, as shown in fig. 5. And transmitting the photographed picture to a computer for image recognition processing.
Furthermore, the sampling box 1 is composed of a bottom plate 4, a side plate 5 and a top plate 6, the bottom plate 4, the side plate 5 and the top plate 6 are all made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the thickness of the bottom plate 4, the thickness of the side plate 5 and the thickness of the top plate 6 are all 5mm, and the enclosed sampling volume is 50mm in length, 50mm in width and 3mm in height. The bottom plate 4 is connected with a support rod 7, the side plate 5 is connected with a connecting rod I8, the top plate 6 is connected with a connecting rod II 9, and the connecting rod I8 is arranged on the end face of the side plate 5 and used for driving the side plate to open and close; the connecting rod II 9 is arranged on the side face of the top plate and used for driving the top plate to be opened and closed during photographing, and the view of the lens cone cannot be blocked.
As shown in FIGS. 6 to 7, the sampling box is composed of a bottom plate 4, side plates 5 and a top plate 6, and the space enclosed by the three parts has a length of 50mm, a width of 50mm and a height of 3 mm. The bottom plate 4 is connected with a support rod 7, the side plate 5 and the top plate 6 are respectively connected with a connecting rod, and a traction mechanism is arranged on the support rod 7 and used for driving the connecting rod to move so as to open and close the sampling box. The bottom plate 4, the side plate 5, the top plate 6, the supporting rod 7 and the connecting rod are all made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the bottom plate is stable in chemical property, corrosion-resistant and high-temperature-resistant. The traction mechanism comprises a pinion and a rack, a mounting plate 12 and a backing plate 13. During the sample, the motor drives pinion rotation, and the pinion drives rack I11 again and rotates, and rack I11 makes connecting rod I8 upward movement in vertical direction through the transmission, drives curb plate 5 and opens. The sampling box has a small inner cavity volume, and drilling fluid can be filled in the sampling box in a very short time, so that after the side plate is set to be opened for 3s, the pinion rotates reversely, the connecting rod I8 moves vertically downwards, and the side plate 5 is driven downwards to close the sampling box. After the sample box is placed on the high power microscope objective table, the motor drives the gear on the mounting plate 12 to rotate, the end part of the connecting rod II 9 is provided with teeth, and the connecting rod II 9 is meshed with the gear, so that the connecting rod II 9 moves rightwards in the horizontal direction to drive the top plate 6 to be opened rightwards, the sampling photographing time is set to be 3s, and after 3s, the pinion on the mounting plate reversely rotates to drive the connecting rod II 9 to move leftwards in the horizontal direction to close the top plate 6. The function of bracing piece is the steady support sampling box. The thickness of the inner cavity of the sampling box is 3 mm.
Step 4, calculation and analysis
The components of the oil-based drilling fluid are complex, but in a micrograph, the image profile of water in the oil-based drilling fluid is obviously different from the image characteristics of other components, and the image profile of the water is captured and the area of the water is calculated by adopting an image recognition technology. Comparing the water area with the photo area to obtain a water area ratio. In order to ensure an accurate measurement result, sampling drilling fluid samples with the same water content for 1000 times, arranging 1000 calculation results in a sequence from small to large, then eliminating data of the first 10% and the second 10%, averaging the rest values, and taking the average value as a water area ratio corresponding to the water content.
Step 5, repeatedly implementing to obtain the water content
And (3) sampling, shooting and calculating the drilling fluid 3 with each water content of the configured plurality of sample drilling fluids 3 according to the steps 1-3, so as to obtain the water area ratio corresponding to each water content.
Furthermore, a relational expression of the water content and the area ratio is established according to the water content area ratio, and the relational expression is used as a calculation expression for subsequent water content measurement.
Examples
Oil-based drilling fluids with water contents of 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% are prepared in a laboratory, each drilling fluid is fully emulsified and stirred by a high-shear emulsifying machine, and the drilling fluids are poured into a mud pit for sampling, photographing, calculating and data processing after being uniformly stirred, and the obtained test results are shown in the following table:
for the data in the table above, the fitting equation is y 1.0604 x-0.1664. Wherein y is the water content (%) and x is the water area ratio (%).
For the measurement model with the established fitting formula, 3 kinds of oil-based drilling fluids are obtained from a mud tank returned from 3 production wells on a drilling site, and sampling, photographing and calculating are carried out on the oil-based drilling fluids by using a measuring device. The area ratio of the obtained three groups is 11.34%, 26.94% and 36.64%, and the water content is respectively 11.85%, 28.40% and 38.68% by adopting a fitting formula. The water contents of the three drilling fluids measured by a drying method are 12.2%, 27.63% and 37.72%. The result shows that the moisture content measuring result obtained by the measuring device is reliable and can be used for production field measurement.
And performing data fitting on the known water content value and the known water area ratio to obtain a final corresponding relation of the water content and the area ratio, and inputting the relation into a computer, so that in the subsequent measurement, the water content value corresponding to the calculated value can be obtained according to the image identification and the calculated area ratio result, and the measurement of the water content of the oil-based drilling fluid is completed.
The measuring method can measure the water content of the sampled drilling fluid in a short time, can provide accurate and timely oil-based drilling fluid performance information for drilling technicians, and can quickly make corresponding adjustment when the water content of the drilling fluid returned from the well bottom changes. And the parameters such as the density of the drilled well are kept under the optimal condition, so that the safety and the efficiency of oil and gas exploitation are facilitated.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.