CN113422516B - A method and system for PFM-PWM hybrid control CLLC resonant converter - Google Patents
A method and system for PFM-PWM hybrid control CLLC resonant converter Download PDFInfo
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- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H02M3/33576—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电力电子控制技术领域，特别地涉及一种PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的方法及系统。The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic control, in particular to a method and a system for PFM-PWM hybrid control of a CLLC resonant converter.
背景技术Background technique
电动汽车双向车载充电器的拓扑以隔离型双向DC-DC变换器为主，其中CLLC谐振变换器以其效率高、控制简单、二次侧输出EMI小等优势被广泛应用在电动汽车双向车载充电器上。The topology of bidirectional on-board chargers for electric vehicles is dominated by isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters. Among them, CLLC resonant converters are widely used in bidirectional on-board charging of electric vehicles due to their advantages of high efficiency, simple control, and low output EMI on the secondary side. on the device.
一般CLLC谐振变换器中采用脉冲频率调制(Pulse Frequency Modulation，PFM)方法来进行控制，该方法控制简单，轻载效率高，可以在较宽频率范围内实现ZVS等特点。但是，脉冲频率调制(PFM)方法存在变压器设计困难，轻载换流功率大等问题。Generally, a Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) method is used for control in a CLLC resonant converter. This method is simple to control, has high light-load efficiency, and can realize ZVS and other characteristics in a wide frequency range. However, the pulse frequency modulation (PFM) method has problems such as difficulty in transformer design and large commutation power at light load.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
有鉴于此，本发明提出一种PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的方法及系统，解决了脉冲频率调制(PFM)开关频率范围宽，轻载环流功率大，磁元件设计困难等问题。同时，该方法也针对脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulation，PWM)中存在的开关管零电压开关(ZVS)窄，重载时谐振电流峰值大，换流损耗严重等问题进行了有效的解决。In view of this, the present invention proposes a PFM-PWM hybrid control method and system for a CLLC resonant converter, which solves the problems of pulse frequency modulation (PFM) wide switching frequency range, high light-load circulating current power, and difficult magnetic element design. At the same time, the method also effectively solves the problems in pulse width modulation (PWM), such as narrow zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the switch tube, large resonant current peak value under heavy load, and serious commutation loss.
本发明第一方面提供一种PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的方法，该方法包括：采集CLLC谐振变换器的输出电压和输出电流，输出电压和输出电流分别与参考值比较，然后分别经各自的PI补偿器调节和恒流/恒压充电电路控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号；PFM开关频率控制信号经一次线性函数计算得到PWM控制信号；PFM开关控制信号经三角波载波电路后得到设定频率的三角载波信号；将PWM控制信号与三角载波信号进行比较得到控制信号，然后经驱动电路生成CLLC谐振变换器的驱动信号。A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for PFM-PWM hybrid control of a CLLC resonant converter. The method includes: collecting the output voltage and output current of the CLLC resonant converter, comparing the output voltage and output current with reference values, respectively After the respective PI compensator adjustment and constant current/constant voltage charging circuit control, the PFM switching frequency control signal is obtained; the PFM switching frequency control signal is calculated by a linear function to obtain the PWM control signal; the PFM switching control signal is set after the triangular wave carrier circuit. Triangular carrier signal of constant frequency; compare the PWM control signal with the triangular carrier signal to obtain the control signal, and then generate the driving signal of the CLLC resonant converter through the driving circuit.
进一步的，所述PFM开关控制信号的获取方法具体为：采集CLLC谐振变换器的输出电压和输出电流；将CLLC谐振变换器的输出电压与电压参考值进行比较，得到电压误差信号；Further, the method for acquiring the PFM switch control signal is specifically: collecting the output voltage and output current of the CLLC resonant converter; comparing the output voltage of the CLLC resonant converter with a voltage reference value to obtain a voltage error signal;
将CLLC谐振变换器的输出电流与电流参考值进行比较，得到电流误差信号；电压误差信号或电流误差信号分别经过PI补偿器调节和恒流/恒压充电电路控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号。Comparing the output current of the CLLC resonant converter with the current reference value, the current error signal is obtained; the voltage error signal or current error signal is adjusted by the PI compensator and controlled by the constant current/constant voltage charging circuit to obtain the PFM switching frequency control signal. .
进一步的，当系统工作在恒压模式时，电压误差信号经过电压环的PI补偿器调节以及恒流/恒压充电电路恒压控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号；当系统工作在恒流模式时，电流误差信号经过电流环的PI补偿器调节以及恒流/恒压充电电路恒流控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号。Further, when the system works in the constant voltage mode, the voltage error signal is adjusted by the PI compensator of the voltage loop and the constant voltage control of the constant current/constant voltage charging circuit, and the PFM switching frequency control signal is obtained; when the system works in the constant current mode. When the current error signal is adjusted by the PI compensator of the current loop and the constant current/constant voltage charging circuit is controlled by the constant current, the PFM switching frequency control signal is obtained.
进一步的，所述PWM控制信号的计算方法为：Further, the calculation method of the PWM control signal is:
va＝b-a*vf v a =ba*v f
其中，a和b是常数，vf为PFM开关频率控制信号，va为PWM控制信号。Among them, a and b are constants, v f is the PFM switching frequency control signal, and v a is the PWM control signal.
本发明第二方面提供一种PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的系统，该系统包括：PFM调制模块，用于采集CLLC谐振变换器的输出电压和输出电流，输出电压和输出电流分别与参考值进行比较，然后分别经各自的PI补偿器调节和恒流/恒压充电电路控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号；PWM调制模块，用于将PFM开关频率控制信号经一次线性函数计算得到PWM控制信号；三角载波模块，用于将PFM开关控制信号经三角波载波电路后得到设定频率的三角载波信号；比较模块，用于将PWM控制信号与三角载波信号进行比较得到控制信号，然后经驱动电路生成CLLC谐振变换器的驱动信号。A second aspect of the present invention provides a PFM-PWM hybrid control system for a CLLC resonant converter, the system comprising: a PFM modulation module for collecting the output voltage and output current of the CLLC resonant converter, the output voltage and output current being respectively the same as the reference The PFM switching frequency control signal is obtained after being adjusted by the respective PI compensator and controlled by the constant current/constant voltage charging circuit; the PWM modulation module is used to calculate the PFM switching frequency control signal through a linear function to obtain the PWM Control signal; triangular carrier module, used to obtain the triangular carrier signal of the set frequency by passing the PFM switch control signal through the triangular wave carrier circuit; comparison module, used to compare the PWM control signal with the triangular carrier signal to obtain the control signal, and then drive the The circuit generates a drive signal for the CLLC resonant converter.
进一步的，所述PFM调制模块具体实现过程为：采集CLLC谐振变换器的输出电压和输出电流；将CLLC谐振变换器的输出电压与电压参考值进行比较，得到电压误差信号；将CLLC谐振变换器的输出电流与电流参考值进行比较，得到电流误差信号；电压误差信号或电流误差信号分别经过PI补偿器调节和恒流/恒压充电电路控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号。Further, the specific implementation process of the PFM modulation module is: collecting the output voltage and output current of the CLLC resonant converter; comparing the output voltage of the CLLC resonant converter with a voltage reference value to obtain a voltage error signal; The output current is compared with the current reference value to obtain the current error signal; the voltage error signal or current error signal is adjusted by the PI compensator and controlled by the constant current/constant voltage charging circuit to obtain the PFM switching frequency control signal.
进一步的，当系统工作在恒压模式时，所述PFM调制模块将电压误差信号经过电压环的PI补偿器调节以及恒流/恒压充电电路恒压控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号；当系统工作在恒流模式时，所述PFM调制模块将电流误差信号经过电流环的PI补偿器调节以及恒流/恒压充电电路恒流控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号。Further, when the system works in the constant voltage mode, the PFM modulation module obtains the PFM switching frequency control signal after the voltage error signal is adjusted by the PI compensator of the voltage loop and the constant voltage control of the constant current/constant voltage charging circuit; When the system works in the constant current mode, the PFM modulation module obtains the PFM switching frequency control signal after the current error signal is adjusted by the PI compensator of the current loop and the constant current/constant voltage charging circuit is controlled by the constant current.
进一步的，所述PWM调制模块计算PWM控制信号的方法为：Further, the method for calculating the PWM control signal by the PWM modulation module is:
va＝b-a*vf v a =ba*v f
其中，a和b对应的是常数，vf为PFM开关频率控制信号，va为PWM控制信号。Among them, a and b correspond to constants, v f is the PFM switching frequency control signal, and v a is the PWM control signal.
本发明提出的PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的方法，在宽输入电压和宽负载范围能实现开关管的零电压开通(ZVS)，具有磁元件易设计，工作效率高等特点。该方法有效地解决了脉冲频率调制(PFM)开关频率范围宽，轻载环流功率大，磁元件设计困难等问题。同时，该方法也有效地解决了脉冲宽度调制(PFM)中存在的开关管ZVS窄，重载时谐振电流峰值大，换流损耗严重等问题。The PFM-PWM hybrid control method of the CLLC resonant converter proposed by the invention can realize the zero voltage turn-on (ZVS) of the switching tube in a wide input voltage and a wide load range, and has the characteristics of easy design of magnetic components and high working efficiency. The method effectively solves the problems of pulse frequency modulation (PFM) with wide switching frequency range, large circulating current power under light load, and difficult design of magnetic components. At the same time, the method also effectively solves the problems of narrow switch tube ZVS in pulse width modulation (PFM), large peak value of resonant current under heavy load, and serious commutation loss.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了说明而非限制的目的，现在将根据本发明的优选实施例、特别是参考附图来描述本发明，其中：For purposes of illustration and not limitation, the present invention will now be described in accordance with preferred embodiments thereof, particularly with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1是CLLC谐振变换器拓扑的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a CLLC resonant converter topology;
图2是传统PFM控制CLLC谐振变换器的调制框图；Fig. 2 is the modulation block diagram of the traditional PFM control CLLC resonant converter;
图3是本发明实施例提出的PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的方法的流程图；3 is a flowchart of a method for a PFM-PWM hybrid control CLLC resonant converter proposed by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器工作波形Figure 4 is the working waveform of the PFM-PWM hybrid control CLLC resonant converter
图5是本发明实施例提出的PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的系统的结构框图。FIG. 5 is a structural block diagram of a system for a PFM-PWM hybrid control CLLC resonant converter proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。In order to more clearly understand the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict.
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, and the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms used herein in the description of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
实施例一Example 1
电动汽车双向车载充电器的拓扑以隔离型双向DC-DC变换器为主，其中CLLC谐振变换器以其效率高、控制简单、二次侧输出EMI小等优势被广泛应用在双向电动汽车充电器上。图1示出了双向车载充电机中采用的CLLC谐振变换器拓扑结构的结构图。该CLLC谐振变换器拓扑结构可实现双向运行，能在较高的开关频率范围内实现软开关，提高系统效率。一般CLLC中采用脉冲频率调制(PFM)，图2示出了传统PFM控制CLLC谐振变换器的结构框图。该方法控制简单，轻载效率高，可以在较宽频率范围内实现ZVS等特点，但存在变压器设计困难，轻载换流功率大等问题。The topology of bidirectional on-board chargers for electric vehicles is dominated by isolated bidirectional DC-DC converters. Among them, CLLC resonant converters are widely used in bidirectional electric vehicle chargers due to their high efficiency, simple control, and low secondary side output EMI. superior. Figure 1 shows the structure diagram of the CLLC resonant converter topology used in the bidirectional on-board charger. The CLLC resonant converter topology can realize bidirectional operation, can realize soft switching in a higher switching frequency range, and improve system efficiency. Generally, Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) is used in CLLC, and Fig. 2 shows a structural block diagram of a traditional PFM-controlled CLLC resonant converter. This method has simple control, high light-load efficiency, and can realize ZVS in a wide frequency range, but there are problems such as difficulty in transformer design and large light-load commutation power.
针对上述脉冲频率调制(PFM)存在的问题，本发明提供一种PWM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的调制方法。In view of the above-mentioned problems of pulse frequency modulation (PFM), the present invention provides a modulation method for PWM-PWM hybrid control CLLC resonant converter.
图3是本实施例提出的PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的方法的流程图。FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for a PFM-PWM hybrid control CLLC resonant converter proposed in this embodiment.
请参阅附图3，该PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的方法包括以下步骤：Please refer to accompanying drawing 3, the method for this PFM-PWM hybrid control CLLC resonant converter comprises the following steps:
S101，采集CLLC谐振变换器的输出电压Vo和输出电流Io，输出电压Vo和输出电流Io分别与参考值比较，然后分别经各自的PI补偿器调节和恒流/恒压(CC/CV)充电电路控制后，得到PFM开关控制信号vf。S101, collect the output voltage V o and output current I o of the CLLC resonant converter, and compare the output voltage V o and output current I o with reference values respectively, and then adjust and constant current/constant voltage (CC /CV) After the charging circuit is controlled, the PFM switch control signal v f is obtained.
具体地，上述的步骤S101中，PFM开关频率控制信号vf的获取方法具体为：Specifically, in the above step S101, the method for obtaining the PFM switching frequency control signal v f is as follows:
(1)采集CLLC谐振变换器的输出电压Vo和输出电流Io；(1) Collect the output voltage V o and output current I o of the CLLC resonant converter;
(2)将CLLC谐振变换器的输出电压Vo与电压参考值Vref进行比较，得到电压误差信号；(2) Compare the output voltage V o of the CLLC resonant converter with the voltage reference value V ref to obtain a voltage error signal;
(3)将CLLC谐振变换器的输出电流Io与电流参考值Iref进行比较，得到电流误差信号；(3) comparing the output current I o of the CLLC resonant converter with the current reference value I ref to obtain a current error signal;
(4)电压误差信号或电流误差信号分别经过PI补偿器调节和恒流/恒压(CC/CV)充电电路控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号vf。(4) After the voltage error signal or the current error signal is adjusted by the PI compensator and controlled by the constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging circuit, respectively, the PFM switching frequency control signal v f is obtained.
当系统工作在恒压模式时，电压误差信号经过电压环的PI补偿器调节以及恒流/恒压(CC/CV)充电电路恒压控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号vf。When the system works in constant voltage mode, the voltage error signal is adjusted by the PI compensator of the voltage loop and the constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging circuit is controlled by constant voltage to obtain the PFM switching frequency control signal v f .
当系统工作在恒流模式时，电流误差信号经过电流环的PI补偿器调节以及恒流/恒压(CC/CV)充电电路恒流控制后，得到PFM开关控制信号vf。When the system works in the constant current mode, the PFM switch control signal v f is obtained after the current error signal is adjusted by the PI compensator of the current loop and the constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) charging circuit is controlled by the constant current.
S102，PFM开关控制信号vf经一次线性函数计算得到PWM控制信号va。S102, the PFM switch control signal v f is calculated by a linear function to obtain the PWM control signal v a .
具体地，上述步骤S102中，PWM控制信号va的计算方法为：Specifically, in the above step S102, the calculation method of the PWM control signal va is:
va＝b-a*vf v a =ba*v f
其中，a和b对应的是常数。Among them, a and b correspond to constants.
S103，PFM开关控制信号vf经三角波载波电路后得到设定频率的三角载波信号vt。S103, after the PFM switch control signal v f is passed through the triangular wave carrier circuit, a triangular carrier signal v t of the set frequency is obtained.
S104，将PWM控制信号va与三角载波信号vt进行比较得到控制信号vc，然后经驱动电路生成CLLC谐振变换器的驱动信号。S104 , compare the PWM control signal va with the triangular carrier signal v t to obtain the control signal vc , and then generate the driving signal of the CLLC resonant converter through the driving circuit.
当开关控制信号大于三角载波信号时输出高电平，当开关控制信号小于三角载波信号时输出低电平。When the switch control signal is greater than the triangular carrier signal, it outputs a high level, and when the switch control signal is smaller than the triangular carrier signal, it outputs a low level.
图4是PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的工作波形。图中Vgs1、Vgs2、Vgs3、Vgs4分别对应的是图1中Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4开关器件的驱动信号。采用本申请提出的PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的方法，当负载或者输入电压变化时，可同时调节系统的开关频率和占空比，在相同的调压范围内，减小调频范围，使变压器易设计，同时减小环流损耗，提高系统效率。Fig. 4 is the working waveform of PFM-PWM mixed control CLLC resonant converter. In the figure, V gs1 , V gs2 , V gs3 , and V gs4 correspond to the driving signals of the switching devices Q1 , Q2 , Q3 and Q4 in FIG. 1 , respectively. Using the PFM-PWM hybrid control method of the CLLC resonant converter proposed in this application, when the load or input voltage changes, the switching frequency and duty cycle of the system can be adjusted at the same time, and within the same voltage regulation range, the frequency regulation range can be reduced. The transformer is easy to design, while reducing the circulating current loss and improving the system efficiency.
当系统的输出电压升高，PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的方法使其开关频率增大，导通角减小，系统的占空比随着增大，这样有助于减小CLLC的调频范围，同时减小环流损耗。When the output voltage of the system increases, the PFM-PWM hybrid control method of the CLLC resonant converter makes the switching frequency increase, the conduction angle decreases, and the duty cycle of the system increases, which helps to reduce the CLLC frequency modulation range while reducing circulating current losses.
实施例二Embodiment 2
图5是本实施例提出的PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的系统的结构框图。FIG. 5 is a structural block diagram of a system for a PFM-PWM hybrid control CLLC resonant converter proposed in this embodiment.
请参阅附图5，该PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的系统包括：Please refer to accompanying drawing 5, the system of this PFM-PWM hybrid control CLLC resonant converter includes:
PFM调制模块，用于采集CLLC谐振变换器的输出电压Vo和输出电流Io，输出电压Vo和输出电流Io分别与参考值进行比较，然后分别经各自的PI补偿器调节和恒流/恒压(CC/CV)充电电路控制后，得到PFM开关频率控制信号vf。The PFM modulation module is used to collect the output voltage V o and output current I o of the CLLC resonant converter. The output voltage V o and output current I o are compared with the reference values, respectively, and then adjusted and constant current by the respective PI compensators. After the constant voltage (CC/CV) charging circuit is controlled, the PFM switching frequency control signal v f is obtained.
PWM调制模块，用于将PFM开关控制信号vf经一次线性函数计算得到PWM控制信号va。The PWM modulation module is used to obtain the PWM control signal va by calculating the PFM switch control signal v f through a linear function.
三角载波模块，用于将PFM开关频率控制信号vf经三角波载波电路后得到设定频率的三角载波信号vt。The triangular carrier module is used to obtain the triangular carrier signal v t of the set frequency after the PFM switching frequency control signal v f is passed through the triangular wave carrier circuit.
比较模块，用于将PWM控制信号va与三角载波信号vt进行比较得到控制信号vc，然后经驱动电路生成CLLC谐振变换器的驱动信号。The comparison module is used to compare the PWM control signal va with the triangular carrier signal v t to obtain the control signal vc , and then generate the driving signal of the CLLC resonant converter through the driving circuit.
采用本申请提出的PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的系统，当负载或者输入电压变化时，可同时调节系统的开关频率和占空比，在相同的调压范围内，减小调频范围，使变压器易设计，同时减小环流损耗，提高系统效率。Using the PFM-PWM hybrid control system of the CLLC resonant converter proposed in this application, when the load or input voltage changes, the switching frequency and duty cycle of the system can be adjusted at the same time, and within the same voltage regulation range, the frequency regulation range can be reduced. The transformer is easy to design, while reducing the circulating current loss and improving the system efficiency.
当系统的输出电压升高，PFM-PWM混合控制CLLC谐振变换器的系统使其开关频率增大，导通角减小，系统的占空比随着增大，这样有助于减小CLLC的调频范围，同时减小环流损耗。When the output voltage of the system increases, the PFM-PWM hybrid control system of the CLLC resonant converter makes its switching frequency increase, the conduction angle decreases, and the duty cycle of the system increases, which helps to reduce the CLLC frequency modulation range while reducing circulating current losses.
上述具体实施方式，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域技术人员应该明白的是，取决于设计要求和其他因素，可以发生各种各样的修改、组合、子组合和替代。任何在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明保护范围之内。The above-mentioned specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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