CN113517528B - A dual-frequency shared power divider using a bandwidth exceeding three times the frequency - Google Patents
A dual-frequency shared power divider using a bandwidth exceeding three times the frequency Download PDFInfo
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- CN113517528B CN113517528B CN202110935440.6A CN202110935440A CN113517528B CN 113517528 B CN113517528 B CN 113517528B CN 202110935440 A CN202110935440 A CN 202110935440A CN 113517528 B CN113517528 B CN 113517528B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种使用带宽超过三倍频的双频共用功率分配器，属于波导技术领域。其包括轴向多频共用波导、多级侧壁分支波导和H面弯波导，轴向多频共用波导为一圆圆过渡波导，高频段信号沿其轴向传输，低频信号通过耦合口耦合到对应频率侧壁波导支路。除高频外，低频支路传输通道呈四路对称式结构。每个侧壁分支波导均包括滤波器和阶梯波导阻抗变换器，且滤波器为两级滤波器级联式设计。本发明具有相对带宽大、交叉极化低，低驻波比的特点，且结构紧凑，易于加工。本发明解决了天线三倍频往上多频使用时馈电网络系统频率分离和功率分配的问题，能够有效改善高次模对馈源系统方向图的影响并减小天线交叉极化水平，适宜工程推广。
The present invention discloses a dual-frequency shared power divider with a bandwidth exceeding three times the frequency, and belongs to the field of waveguide technology. It includes an axial multi-frequency shared waveguide, a multi-level sidewall branch waveguide and an H-surface curved waveguide. The axial multi-frequency shared waveguide is a circular transition waveguide. The high-frequency band signal is transmitted along its axial direction, and the low-frequency signal is coupled to the corresponding frequency sidewall waveguide branch through a coupling port. In addition to the high frequency, the low-frequency branch transmission channel presents a four-way symmetrical structure. Each sidewall branch waveguide includes a filter and a step waveguide impedance converter, and the filter is a two-stage filter cascade design. The present invention has the characteristics of large relative bandwidth, low cross-polarization, and low standing wave ratio, and has a compact structure and is easy to process. The present invention solves the problem of frequency separation and power distribution of the feed network system when the antenna is used for multiple frequencies from three times the frequency upwards, can effectively improve the influence of high-order modes on the radiation pattern of the feed system and reduce the level of antenna cross-polarization, and is suitable for engineering promotion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waveguides, in particular to a double-frequency shared power divider with a bandwidth exceeding frequency tripling.
Background
In the field of microwave antenna communication, a power division network and a power synthesis network are common passive subsystems in various station-type antenna feed networks, and in order to reduce the construction cost of an antenna and multiplex multiple frequencies, increase the use function of the antenna, the requirements of users on the multiple frequency shared antenna are increasingly urgent, so that the design requirements on microwave devices comprising frequency separation and power distribution are more important.
The prior multi-frequency shared feed source network system mainly comprises two forms of coaxial branching and common-nozzle branching, wherein the coaxial branching has already developed to a certain bottleneck period, and the common-nozzle branching form is more traditional, but has more advantages for the comprehensive use index of the antenna. Meanwhile, as is well known, the excitation quantity of the multi-frequency co-spraying device for the high-order modes is increased along with the increase of the relative bandwidth, the high-order modes directly affect the electrical design indexes of the highest frequency and the secondary high frequency band, the antenna pattern and the cross polarization are extremely deteriorated, the influence directions and the degree of different high-order modes on the feed source network system are different, and the control method for a large number of harmful high-order modes is rarely reported, so that the design of a mature multi-frequency co-spraying feed source network is not introduced in the world all the time, and the development of the multi-frequency co-spraying feed source network is correspondingly restrained. Therefore, it is imperative to find a new dual-frequency or multi-frequency common power divider.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dual-band shared power divider with the use bandwidth exceeding frequency triplex, which is used for solving the problems that the prior dual-band up multi-frequency shared power divider is difficult to suppress a high-order mode, the cross polarization of an antenna is poor and the engineering use requirement is difficult to meet. The power divider has the advantages of large relative bandwidth, low cross polarization, low standing wave ratio and other excellent electrical indexes, compact structure, easy processing and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the double-frequency shared power distributor with the bandwidth exceeding three times is a six-port microwave device and comprises an axial multi-frequency shared waveguide, four side wall branch waveguides and four H-plane bent waveguides, wherein the axial multi-frequency shared waveguide is a round transition waveguide, high-frequency signals are transmitted along the axial direction of the axial multi-frequency shared waveguide, the four side wall branch waveguides are symmetrically distributed at 90 degrees along the axial direction of the multi-frequency shared waveguide and are low-frequency signal transmission channels, and the four side wall branch waveguides comprise filters and stepped impedance converters.
Further, the gradual curve of the round transition waveguide is a spline fitting curve.
Further, four rectangular ridge coupling openings are formed in the inner wall of the axial multi-frequency common waveguide and are symmetrically distributed around the axis of the axial multi-frequency common waveguide at 90 degrees, the long edges of the rectangular ridge coupling openings are in the axis direction, and an included angle between the end faces of the rectangular ridge coupling openings and the axis of the axial multi-frequency common waveguide is 7 degrees.
Furthermore, the filters of the side wall branch waveguides are of a two-stage filter cascade structure, the two-stage filters are all block mode filters, and symmetrical metal saw tooth structures are distributed at the inlet of the block mode filters up and down.
Furthermore, the first-stage filter of the block mode filter, which is close to the coupling port of the axial multifrequency common waveguide, is provided with only two rows of metal vertical teeth along the direction of the branch waveguide, and the second-stage filter is provided with only two rows of metal vertical teeth along the axial direction of the branch waveguide.
Furthermore, the cascade structure of the two-stage filter is embedded with a metal sheet parallel to the broadside of the filter in the center of the first-stage filter.
Further, the step impedance transformer of the side wall branch waveguide is a third-order rectangular waveguide step impedance transformer.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The invention has the characteristics of large relative bandwidth, low cross polarization and low standing wave ratio, and has compact structure and easy processing.
2. The invention solves the problems of frequency separation and power distribution of the feed network system when the antenna is used in multiple frequencies from three frequencies to up, can effectively improve the influence of a higher order mode on the directional diagram of the feed system, reduces the cross polarization level of the antenna, and is suitable for engineering popularization.
3. The invention can enable the coupling of the high-frequency band main mode to each high-order mode to be below-20 dB when the maximum relative bandwidth exceeds 3.5 frequency multiplication through the novel branch filtering structure form and the coupling port design, improves the return loss of a high-frequency channel, reduces the system axial ratio of a circular polarization network and the linear polarization cross polarization component of the high-frequency channel, inhibits the high-order harmonic of a low-frequency passband, and is basically consistent with the cascading simulation result of a feed source and the simulation direction diagram of a single feed source. The multi-frequency shared power distributor is reasonable in design and can meet engineering application requirements.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-wall coupled dual-frequency common power divider in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic three-dimensional assembly diagram of a dual-frequency common power divider in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an axial rounded transition and sidewall-coupled oral cavity in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a sidewall branching waveguide in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a side-wall branched waveguide in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the return loss frequency response of the main mode usage band.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the high band main mode and higher order mode coupling frequency response. In the figure, only the curve of the worst index is distinguished, i.e., S1 (7), 1 (1). As can be seen from the figure, even the worst index has a good effect.
Fig. 8 is a plot of the low frequency port versus high frequency signal isolation frequency response.
The reference numerals show 1-axial multifrequency common waveguide, 2-side wall branch waveguide, 3-H surface bend waveguide, 4-embedded metal sheet, 5-first stage filter, 6-second stage filter and 7-step impedance converter.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A dual-frequency shared power distributor with the bandwidth exceeding three times of frequency comprises an axial multi-frequency shared waveguide, a multi-stage side wall branch waveguide and an H-plane bent waveguide, wherein the axial multi-frequency shared waveguide is a round transition waveguide, high-frequency signals are transmitted along the axial direction of the axial multi-frequency shared waveguide, and low-frequency signals are coupled to corresponding frequency side wall waveguide branches through coupling ports. The low-frequency branch transmission channel is in a four-way symmetrical structure except for high frequency. Each sidewall branch waveguide includes a filter and a stepped waveguide impedance transformer, and the filter is a two-stage filter cascade design.
The dual-frequency shared power divider is a six-port microwave device and comprises an axial multi-frequency shared waveguide, four side wall branch waveguides and four H-plane bent waveguides, wherein the axial multi-frequency shared waveguide is a round transition waveguide, high-frequency signals are axially transmitted along the axial multi-frequency shared waveguide, the four side wall branch waveguides are symmetrically distributed at 90 degrees along the axial multi-frequency shared waveguide and are low-frequency signal transmission channels, and the side wall branch waveguides comprise a filter and a stepped impedance converter.
The axial round transition waveguide gradual change curve is designed by spline fitting.
Four rectangular ridge coupling openings are formed in the inner wall of the axial multi-frequency common waveguide, the four rectangular ridge coupling openings are symmetrically distributed around the axis of the multi-frequency common waveguide, the rectangular long edges are in the axis direction, and the included angle between the end faces of the coupling openings and the axis of the multi-frequency common waveguide is 7 degrees.
The filter of the side wall branch waveguide is designed as a block mode filter and is designed as a two-stage filter cascade, and the entrance of the block mode filter is of a symmetrical metal sawtooth structure distributed up and down instead of a rectangular cavity structure.
The first-stage filter of the block mode filter, which is close to the coupling port of the multi-frequency common waveguide, is provided with only two rows of metal vertical teeth along the direction of the branch waveguide, and the second-stage filter is provided with only two rows of metal vertical teeth along the axial direction of the branch waveguide.
The cascaded block mode filter is characterized in that a metal sheet parallel to the wide side of the filter is inlaid in the center of the first-stage filter.
The step impedance transformer of the side wall branch waveguide is a third-order rectangular waveguide step impedance transformer.
The multi-frequency shared power divider is always the most critical component of the multi-frequency network, functionally needs to complete high isolation separation of multiple frequency bands, and also realizes orthogonal polarization separation and equal power distribution of single polarization of a single frequency band, so that the multi-frequency shared power divider integrates the main functions of a traditional frequency duplexer and a broadband orthogonal mode coupler. As shown in fig. 1, the power splitter is a tapered six-port device from a physical perspective, and the power splitter is an 8-port device with two orthogonal polarizations in input and output from an electrical perspective. Specifically, the multi-frequency common power divider is mainly divided into a round transition, a transition section coupling port, a branching filter and an impedance matching design partition from the filter to the standard waveguide. The design core of the multi-frequency shared power divider is the coupling matching of the side wall low-frequency channel and the effective suppression of the high-frequency band high-order mode. In brief, the multi-frequency common power divider can be designed as follows:
1. determining the diameter size of a transition inlet and outlet of the circular waveguide according to the waveguide cutoff theory and the actual engineering requirements;
2. Searching an optimal transition curve, and determining the initial size of a coupling port of a low frequency band;
3. Designing and optimizing low-frequency branch filters of each stage;
4. Searching the optimal low-frequency branch coupling port position and the high-order mode optimal short-circuit position of each stage, and cascading optimized filters to perform double-frequency simulation optimization and verification;
5. And (3) fine tuning the branch parameters of the low-frequency filter and optimizing the impedance transformation section at the tail part of the branch waveguide to optimize the low-frequency impedance matching, and obtaining the optimal electrical design result of the four-arm coupling system after multiple iterations.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the dual-band common power divider includes an axial multi-frequency common waveguide, four side-wall branched waveguides and four H-plane bent waveguides. As shown in fig. 3, the axial multifrequency common waveguide mainly comprises two design partitions of a round transition and a side wall coupling port, and in order to inhibit the axial higher-order mode excitation, a spline fitting curve design is adopted for a round transition curve.
Four rectangular ridge coupling openings are formed in the round transition curve and are symmetrically distributed around the axis of the multi-frequency common waveguide at 90 degrees, the long edges of the rectangles are in the axis direction, and the included angle between the end face of each coupling opening and the axis of the multi-frequency common waveguide is 7 degrees as shown in fig. 1.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the sidewall branching waveguide includes a filter and a stepped impedance transformer. The filter is designed as a block mode filter and is designed as a cascade type of two-stage filters. The first-stage filter of the block mode filter, which is close to the coupling port of the multi-frequency common waveguide, is provided with only two rows of metal vertical teeth along the direction of the branch waveguide, and the second-stage filter is provided with only two rows of metal vertical teeth along the axial direction of the branch waveguide. The stepped impedance converter is a three-order rectangular waveguide stepped impedance converter, and finally the branch waveguide is converted to a standard outlet of a corresponding coupling frequency band. As shown in fig. 4, the block mode filter inlet is a symmetrical metal sawtooth structure distributed up and down, rather than a rectangular cavity structure.
Furthermore, the longitudinal slotting unit of the block mode filter has natural inhibition characteristics on the rectangular waveguide higher order mode, has ultra-wide channel and power capacity characteristics, and can meet the design requirement of the stop band exceeding the triple frequency engineering by selecting reasonable cutoff frequency.
Further, as shown in fig. 5, the cascaded block mode filter is embedded with a metal sheet parallel to the broadside of the filter in the center of the primary filter. The metal sheet is perpendicular to the main mode electric field component of the branch waveguide, and can effectively inhibit the high-order mode excitation of the reverse polarization component in the axial multi-frequency common waveguide in the coupling branch waveguide, thereby further improving the polarization isolation degree and improving the high-frequency cross polarization.
The back of the ladder impedance transformation section is connected with an H-plane bent waveguide which is in butt joint with other network components at the back end.
As shown in fig. 1, the working principle of the dual-band shared power divider is as follows:
When the double-frequency signals are received simultaneously, the low-frequency signals are transmitted to the coupling port of the side wall of the radio-frequency signal path of the multi-frequency shared waveguide, the low-frequency signals are coupled and matched and transmitted through the branch block mode filter 0dB, short-circuit inhibition is carried out on the high-frequency signals, the short-circuit inhibition is transmitted to the rear-end waveguide wiring through the low-frequency stepped impedance converter, the coupling port is formed in a similar position corresponding to the secondary low frequency on a round transition curve when the double-frequency signals are used in excess of three frequencies, the secondary low-frequency radio-frequency signals are coupled and matched and transmitted to the secondary low-frequency channel in 0dB, high-isolation inhibition on the front low-frequency signals and other high-frequency signals is completed when the path filter, and therefore, all stages of low-frequency signals are coupled and matched in sequence when the multi-frequency shared are output, and the highest-frequency signals are output in a low loss mode through the axial channel. The working principle is opposite when the multi-frequency signal is transmitted, and the description is omitted.
For ease of understanding, a typical dual-frequency common power divider is taken as an example, and the effects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment CKu Dual-frequency shared Power Divider
The design frequency is C3.4 GHz-4.2 GHz, and Ku 10.7-14.5 GHz.
As shown in FIG. 1, the corresponding values of the main structural parameters of the dual-frequency shared power divider are as follows:
Round transition large-port diameter D1=62 mm, small-port diameter D2=20 mm, C frequency band filter entrance broadside W1=50 mm, rectangular ridge-adding coupling port width AOH1=25.6 mm.
Fig. 6 to 8 show simulation results of the dual-frequency common power divider. As can be seen from the graph, the using bandwidth reaches 3.75 times, the return loss S 1(1)1(1) of the main mode is smaller than-22 dB in the frequency bands of C and Ku, the index is excellent, the mutual coupling energy from the main mode to the nth high-order mode mainly returns to the public port, the coupling degree of the main mode is smaller than-20 dB in the frequency band of Ku, the frequency band isolation of the main mode to the high frequency band is represented by S 3(1)1(1), namely the inhibition degree of the low frequency band to the high frequency band, and the inhibition degree of the C frequency band to the main mode of Ku is larger than 78dB.
In summary, the dual-band shared power divider of the present invention includes waveguide tracks including an axial multi-frequency shared waveguide, a multi-stage sidewall branched waveguide, an H-plane bent waveguide, etc., the axial multi-frequency shared waveguide is a high-frequency signal transmission channel, the low-frequency sidewall branched waveguide is axially distributed, and the low-frequency signal corresponding sidewall branched waveguide is symmetrically distributed in four ways relative to the multi-frequency shared waveguide. The invention has the advantages of large relative bandwidth, low cross polarization, low standing wave ratio and other excellent electrical indexes, compact structure, easy processing and the like. The core problems of frequency separation, polarization separation and power distribution during the use of the antenna multi-frequency co-spraying are solved, and the requirements of most multi-frequency broadband fixed stations and vehicle-mounted stations can be met.
It should be noted that the foregoing descriptions and examples are provided to assist those skilled in the art in understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any implementation of various modifications, zooms, modified improvements and/or deletions without departing from the essence of the invention shall fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The double-frequency shared power distributor with the bandwidth exceeding three times of frequency is a six-port microwave device and comprises an axial multi-frequency shared waveguide, four side wall branch waveguides and four H-plane bent waveguides, wherein the H-plane bent waveguides are in one-to-one correspondence connection with the side wall branch waveguides; the multi-frequency coaxial waveguide is characterized in that the axial multi-frequency coaxial waveguide is a round transition waveguide, high-frequency signals are transmitted along the axial direction of the round transition waveguide, the four side wall branch waveguides are symmetrically distributed along the axial direction of the multi-frequency coaxial waveguide at 90 degrees and are low-frequency signal transmission channels, four rectangular ridge coupling ports are formed in the inner wall of the axial multi-frequency coaxial waveguide, the four rectangular ridge coupling ports are symmetrically distributed around the axial multi-frequency coaxial waveguide at 90 degrees and correspond to the four side wall branch waveguides one by one, and the four side wall branch waveguides comprise filters and stepped impedance converters;
The included angle between the end face of the rectangular ridge coupling port and the axis of the axial multi-frequency common waveguide is 7 degrees along the axis direction of the long edge of the rectangular ridge coupling port;
The filters of the side wall branch waveguides are of a two-stage filter cascading structure, and the two-stage filters are all block mode filters, wherein symmetrical metal sawtooth structures are distributed at the inlet of the block mode filters up and down;
The first-stage filter of the block mode filter, which is close to the coupling port of the axial multifrequency common waveguide, is provided with only two rows of metal vertical teeth along the direction of the branch waveguide, and the second-stage filter is provided with only two rows of metal vertical teeth along the axial direction of the branch waveguide;
The cascade structure of the two-stage filter is characterized in that a metal sheet parallel to the wide side of the filter is inlaid in the center of the first-stage filter.
2. A dual frequency common power divider using bandwidths exceeding a frequency triple according to claim 1, characterized in that the gradual curve of the rounded transition waveguide is a spline fitting curve.
3. A dual-frequency common power divider using bandwidths exceeding a frequency triple according to claim 1, wherein the stepped impedance transformer of the side wall branching waveguide is a three-step rectangular waveguide stepped impedance transformer.
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| CN120016128B (en) * | 2025-04-18 | 2025-08-26 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Dual-band feed and base station antenna |
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| CN215869740U (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2022-02-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A dual-frequency shared power divider with a bandwidth exceeding three times the frequency |
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| JP3688558B2 (en) * | 2000-06-05 | 2005-08-31 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Waveguide group duplexer |
| KR101044959B1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-06-28 | (주)하이게인안테나 | Triple Band Switchable Feeder System Using Double Rigid Waveguide |
| CN203871478U (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-10-08 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Compact type C frequency band receiving-transmitting shared dual-circularly polarized feed source assembly |
| CN106654484B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2019-03-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of waveguide filter of the high degree of suppression of broadband |
| CN207517837U (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of four port feed networks based on turnsile coupler |
| CN108448255B (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2024-02-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | C/X/Ku broadband three-frequency shared feed source network |
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