CN113551648B - Real-time automatic measurement device and measurement method for inclination direction of dangerous rock body - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a real-time automatic measurement device for the inclination direction of a dangerous rock body and a measurement method thereof, wherein the real-time automatic measurement device comprises a device shell fixed on the dangerous rock body through an external supporting rod, a control unit and a mounting shaft are arranged in the device shell, and the mounting shaft is fixedly connected with a mounting tray; the outer edge of the mounting tray is provided with an annular mounting groove, the annular mounting groove is internally provided with a first resistor, and an opening is formed in the first resistor; the rotating shaft piece is fixedly connected with the mounting shaft, the rotating shaft piece is rotationally connected with the supporting rod, a rolling ring for reducing friction force is arranged between the supporting rod and the mounting tray, a mounting groove is formed in the supporting rod, a connecting wire is arranged in the mounting groove, and one end of the connecting wire is electrically connected with the conductive connector; the conductive connector is connected with the first resistor in a sliding way; the other end of the connecting wire is electrically connected with a first power supply in the power supplies through the wire. The invention has simple and convenient installation and simple structure, and can stably measure the inclination direction of the dangerous rock mass.

Description

A real-time automatic measurement device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass and its measurement method

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of inclination direction measurement, and in particular to a real-time automatic measuring device for the inclination direction of dangerous rock masses and a measurement method thereof.

Background technique

Dangerous rock masses refer to rock masses that, although they have not collapsed yet, have the main geological conditions for collapse. Some rock masses have already shown signs of collapse, indicating that they may collapse in the near future. Dangerous rock masses are potential collapse bodies. Our country is a country with complex mountainous landforms. Dangerous rock collapse is a common geological disaster in mountainous areas. Dangerous rock collapse is extremely sudden and destructive, seriously threatening transportation arteries and the normal life of residents in mountainous areas. Production and life; In our country, a large number of casualties and heavy economic losses are caused every year due to dangerous rock collapse.

In the process of preventing and controlling dangerous rock masses, it is basically impossible to accurately predict the time and direction of collapse of dangerous rock masses. In the process of development and destruction of dangerous rock mass, changes in the interaction between different rock blocks will cause changes in the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass. Therefore, the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is not static. The tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass changes in real time. , it is very difficult to make accurate judgments; for the vast majority of dangerous rock masses, the collapse direction is consistent with the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass. Therefore, real-time measurement of the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass can not only determine the development and change process and trend of the dangerous rock mass. Providing reference data can also accurately determine the possible collapse direction of dangerous rock masses in real time, which is of great practical significance for timely formulation of disaster prevention and evacuation plans and ensuring the safety of people's lives and property. Currently, there is a lack of real-time and automated detection of the tilt direction of dangerous rock masses. Measuring device.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a real-time automatic measurement device for the inclination direction of dangerous rock mass, which solves the problem of real-time, automated and accurate measurement of the inclination direction of dangerous rock mass.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

This solution provides a real-time automatic measurement device for the inclination direction of dangerous rock mass, which includes a device shell fixed on the dangerous rock mass through an external support rod. A control unit and an installation shaft are provided inside the device shell. The installation shaft is fixedly connected to the installation tray; installation An annular installation groove is provided on the outer edge of the tray, the first resistor is placed in the annular installation groove, and an opening is provided on the first resistor;

The rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the installation shaft, and the rotating shaft is rotationally connected to the support rod. A rolling ring for reducing friction is provided between the support rod and the installation tray. An installation groove is provided on the support rod, and a connecting wire is placed in the installation groove. , one end of the connecting wire is electrically connected to the conductive joint; the conductive joint is slidingly connected to the first resistor; the other end of the connecting wire is electrically connected to the first power supply in the power supply through the wire; the first power supply in the power supply is sequentially connected to the first current through the wire The meter is electrically connected to one end of the opening of the first resistor.

The invention is easy to install and has a simple structure. When the dangerous rock mass tilts, the support rod will deflect to the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass with the tilt of the installation tray, resulting in a change in the length of the access resistor and a change in the resistance size, thereby causing a change in the size of the current. This is used to measure the tilt direction of dangerous rock masses at different times.

Further, an insulating paint layer is sprayed on one end of the first resistor opening that is electrically connected to the wire.

The spray-coated insulating paint layer effectively prevents circuit short circuits and stably obtains measurement data.

Further, the second power supply in the power supply is electrically connected to the second ammeter and the second resistor in sequence through wires, and the second resistor is made of the same material as the first resistor.

The second resistor and the first resistor are made of the same material and have the same resistivity at the same moment, which is used to eliminate measurement errors caused by changes in resistivity caused by changes in ambient temperature.

Further, a first protection resistor is provided on the wire between the first power supply in the power supply and the connecting wire, and the third power supply in the power supply is electrically connected to the third ammeter and the second protection resistor in sequence through the wire. The first protection resistor and the second protection resistor are made of the same material.

The first protection resistor and the second protection resistor are made of the same material. At the same time, the first protection resistor and the second protection resistor have the same resistivity. The first protection resistor and the second protection resistor are used to eliminate the resistivity caused by changes in ambient temperature. Measurement errors caused by changes.

Further, a circular guide rail is provided under the installation tray. The circular guide rail is fixed on the installation shaft through a connecting rod. The circular guide rail contains a spherical magnet that can roll freely with the deflection of the installation tray. The bottom of the circular guide rail is provided with a spherical magnet for positioning. The iron block in the initial position can slide along the bottom of the circular guide rail.

Spherical magnets make the device more sensitive to measurements.

Further, the bottom of the device shell is provided with a support seat for fixing the installation shaft, the end surface of the support rod is provided with a counterweight for increasing the downward force, and the bottom surface of the support rod is provided with an iron piece for mating with the spherical magnet.

The support seat is used to fix, support, and connect the installation shaft. The counterweight is used to increase the downward force of the support rod adjusted with the deflection of the installation tray, making the entire device more sensitive and sensing small changes in the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass. The iron sheet is used to It cooperates with the spherical magnet to drive the support rod to deflect more sensitively.

Further, the control unit includes a control module and a communication module, and a power supply module that provides power for the control module and the communication module.

The control module controls the switches of the power supply module and communication module. It can issue instructions to adjust the data collection frequency and data transmission frequency, and turn on the power supply module and communication module switches according to the instructions. The data collection frequency and data transmission frequency can be different. The control module The measurement data of the first galvanometer can be received. By changing the length of the first resistor, the resistance changes, thereby causing changes in the current of the first galvanometer. That is, the current value at a certain moment corresponds to the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass. This is used to measure the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass at different times; the control module has a storage device that can store monitoring data, the power supply module is used to provide power, and the communication module is used to transmit the tilt direction data obtained by the control module to a remote host. The machine can measure the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass in real time, automatically and stably under complex conditions of temperature changes.

On the other hand, this solution also provides a measurement method of a real-time automatic measurement device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass, which specifically includes the following steps:

When the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is X°, read the first galvanometer reading I;

but:

I＝U/[ρ·(X/360)·L/S];

When I≠0, the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is calculated as:

X=360US/(IρL);

Among them, U is the voltage of the first power supply in the power supply, ρ is the resistivity of the first resistor, L is the total length of the first resistor, and S is the cross-sectional area of the first resistor.

Further, when the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is X°, read the reading I ₁ of the first galvanometer and the reading I ₂ of the second galvanometer;

but:

I ₁ =U/[ρ·(X/360)·L ₁ /S ₁ ];

I ₂ =U/(ρ·L ₂ /S ₂ );

Among them, L ₁ is the total length of the first resistor, S ₁ is the cross-sectional area of the first resistor, L ₂ is the length of the second resistor, S ₂ is the cross-sectional area of the second resistor; U is the first resistor in the power supply. The voltage of the power supply and the second power supply, ρ is the resistivity of the first resistance and the second resistance when the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is X°;

When I ₁ ≠ 0, based on the reading I ₁ of the first galvanometer and the reading I ₂ of the second galvanometer, the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is calculated as:

X=360[(S ₁ /S ₂ )(I ₂ /I ₁ )(L ₂ /L ₁ )];

When the lengths and cross-sectional areas of the first resistor and the second resistor are equal, that is: L ₁ =L ₂ , S ₁ =S ₂ , the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is calculated as:

X=360·(I ₂ /I ₁ ).

Further, when the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is X°, read the reading I ₁ of the first galvanometer, the reading I ₂ of the second galvanometer, and the reading I ₃ of the third galvanometer, then:

I ₁ =U/{[ρ ₁ ·(X/360)·L ₁ /S ₁ ]+ρ ₂ ·L ₂ /S ₂ };

I ₂ =U/(ρ ₁ ·L ₃ /S ₃ );

I ₃ =U/(ρ ₂ ·L ₄ /S ₄ );

Among them, L ₁ is the total length of the first resistor, S ₁ is the cross-sectional area of the first resistor; L ₂ is the length of the first protection resistor, S ₂ is the cross-sectional area of the first protection resistor; L ₃ is the second The total length of the resistor, S ₃ is the cross-sectional area of the second resistor; L ₄ is the length of the second protection resistor, S ₄ is the cross-sectional area of the second protection resistor; U is the first power supply and the second power supply in the power supply and the voltage of the third power supply, ρ ₁ is the resistivity of the first resistor and the second resistor, ρ ₂ is the resistivity of the first protection resistor and the second protection resistor.

When I≠0, the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is:

X = 360 [(s ₁ /s ₃ ) (i ₂ /i ₁ ) (L ₃ /L ₁ )-(s ₁ /s ₃ ) (s ₄ /s ₂ ) (i ₂ /i ₃ ) (l 3) (l ₃ ) /L ₁ )(L ₂ /L ₄ )];

When the total length and cross-sectional area of the first resistor and the second resistor are equal, and the length and cross-sectional area of the first protection resistor and the second protection resistor are equal, that is: L ₁ =L ₃ , S ₁ =S ₃ , L ₂ =L ₄ , S ₂ =S ₄ , calculated:

X=360·[(I ₂ /I ₁ )-(I ₂ /I ₃ )].

The beneficial effects of the invention are: the invention has a simple structure, is easy to install, effectively prevents short circuits caused by circuits, and can accurately measure changes in the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass in real time, automatically, safely and stably.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a real-time automatic measurement device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass.

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation tray structure of a real-time automated measuring device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit wiring method of a real-time automatic measurement device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit wiring method of a real-time automatic measurement device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the circuit wiring method of a real-time automatic measurement device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a device for real-time automated measurement of the tilt direction of dangerous rock masses.

Among them, 1. Device shell; 2. External support rod; 3. Support seat; 4. Installation shaft; 5. Installation tray; 6. Rotating shaft; 7. First resistor; 8. Connecting wire; 9. Power supply module; 10. Control module; 11. Communication module; 12. Support rod; 13. Counterweight; 14. Conductive joint; 15. Rolling ring; 16. First galvanometer; 17. Insulating paint layer; 18. Power supply; 19. No. One protection resistor; 20, the second protection resistor; 21, the second galvanometer; 22, the second resistor; 23, the third galvanometer; 24, spherical magnet; 25, iron block; 26, connecting rod; 27, round Guide rail; 28. Iron sheet.

Detailed ways

The specific embodiments of the present invention are described to facilitate those skilled in the technical field to understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field, as long as various changes are made, These changes are obvious within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and determined by the appended claims, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the invention are protected.

According to Embodiment 1 of the present application, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, a real-time automated measurement device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass in this solution includes:

The device housing 1 includes a mounting shaft 4, a mounting tray 5, a support base 3 and a control unit.

The installation shaft 4 is fixedly connected to the installation tray 5, and the support base 3 is used to fixedly connect the installation shaft 4. The surface of the installation tray 5 is circular, conical or annular. When the device is initially installed, the installation tray 5 is in a horizontal state or the rotation axis of the installation tray 5 is in a vertical state.

When the dangerous rock mass tilts, the installation shaft 4 and the installation tray 5 tilt along with the slope of the dangerous rock mass, driving the support rod 12 to rotate in the direction of the tilt of the dangerous rock mass.

An annular installation groove is provided on the outer edge of the installation tray 5, and a first resistor 7 is placed in the annular installation groove. The first resistor 7 has an annular structure, and an opening is provided on the first resistor 7. One end of the opening of the first resistor 7 is in contact with The wires are electrically connected, and the end of the opening of the first resistor 7 that is electrically connected to the wires is sprayed with an insulating paint layer 17, and the two ends of the opening are nearly seamlessly connected.

The length of the insulating paint layer 17 is 1 mm to 10 mm. The length of the insulating paint layer 17 is selected according to the manufacturing process level and test range. The insulating paint layer 17 will not affect the smoothness of the surface of the first resistor 7 and will not affect the position of the conductive joint 14 in the first resistor 7 . When the surface of a resistor 7 slides, the insulating paint layer 17 can prevent short circuit at the opening of the first resistor 7, and the opening end faces of the first resistor 7 are almost seamlessly connected, so that the opening of the first resistor 7 and both sides form a smooth surface, which can The conductive joint 14 can slide smoothly at the opening of the first resistor 7, thereby increasing the stability and accuracy of the device measurement. The first resistor 7 is annular and can fit into the installation slot.

The material of the insulating paint layer 17 is alkyd paint, epoxy paint or organic silicon paint.

In order to make the resistivity of the first resistor 7 approximately constant, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the device, on the one hand, the first resistor 7 is made of a material that is not sensitive to temperature changes, and on the other hand, the device should be installed in a location where the temperature does not change much as much as possible. environment.

The rotating shaft 6 is fixedly connected to the installation shaft 4. The rotating shaft 6 is rotationally connected to the support rod 12. A rolling ring 15 is provided between the support rod 12 and the installation tray 5. A counterweight 13 is provided on the end surface of the support rod 12.

When the device is initially installed, the center of the opening of the first resistor 7 and the support rod 12 are facing the north direction.

When the dangerous rock mass tilts, the installation tray 5 will tilt accordingly, and the support rod 12 will automatically adjust to the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass under the gravity of the counterweight 13. The main function of the rolling ring 15 is to reduce the distance between the support rod 12 and The main function of the counterweight 13 is to increase the sliding force of the support rod 12 as the installation tray 5 deflects due to the friction between the installation trays 5, so that the entire device can be more sensitive and sense small changes in the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass. .

The support rod 12 accommodates the connecting wire 8. The connecting wire 8 is connected to the conductive joint 14. The conductive joint 14 is slidingly connected to the first resistor 7. The other end of the connecting wire 8 is electrically connected to the power supply 18. The power supply 18 is in turn connected to the first ammeter 16. It is electrically connected to one end of the opening of the first resistor 7 on which the insulating paint layer 17 is sprayed.

When the dangerous rock mass tilts, the installation tray 5 tilts accordingly, and the support rod 12 will deflect to the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass under the gravity of the counterweight 13. The connecting wire 8 and the conductive joint 14 are connected to the first resistor 7. The change in length causes the resistance to change, thereby causing the reading of the first galvanometer 16 to change, thereby measuring the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass at different times.

The control module 10 controls the switches of the power supply module 9 and the communication module 11, can issue instructions for adjusting the data collection frequency and data transmission frequency, and turns on the switches of the power supply module 9 and the communication module 11 according to the instructions. The data collection frequency and data The transmission frequency can be different. The control module 10 can receive the measurement data of the first galvanometer 16, and change the length of the first resistor 7 by accessing the first resistor 7 to change the size of the first resistor 7, thereby causing a change in the current size of the first galvanometer 16, that is, The current value at a certain time corresponds to the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass, so as to measure the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass at different times. There is a storage device in the control module 10 that can store the monitoring data; the power supply module 9 is used to provide power , the communication module 11 is used to transmit the tilt direction data obtained by the control module 10 to the remote host computer, and can stably measure the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass in an environment with little temperature change. When the first resistor 7 selects the resistivity pair When the temperature changes little, the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass can be measured in real time, automatically, accurately and stably when the ambient temperature changes.

The power supply module 9 can accommodate a power supply 18 inside.

The control module 10 can be an S7-200 SMART PLC control module, or a 51 microcontroller control module, etc.

The working principle of this embodiment is:

When installing the present invention, rotate the installation shaft 4 or the installation tray 5 or the device housing 1 to align the opening direction of the first resistor 7 with the north direction (0° or 360° direction), and adjust the parking position of the support rod 12 When the end of the insulating paint layer 17 close to the opening of the first resistor 7 is reached, the connection between the conductive joint 14 and the first resistor 7 is disconnected.

When the dangerous rock mass tilts, the installation tray 5 will tilt accordingly, and the support rod 12 will deflect to the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass under the gravity of the counterweight 13, so that the length of the first resistor 7 connected to the conductive joint 14 will change. , so that the inclination direction of the dangerous rock mass can be obtained based on the reading of the first galvanometer 16 .

The invention is easy to install and has a simple structure. The insulating paint layer 17 is provided to effectively prevent circuit short circuit. When the dangerous rock mass tilts, the support rod 12 will deflect to the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass, resulting in a change in the length of the first resistor 7 connected to the resistance. The size changes, thereby causing the current size of the first galvanometer 16 to change, thereby measuring the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass at different times.

According to Embodiment 2 of the present application, this embodiment includes all solutions of Embodiment 1.

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 4, the second power supply in the power supply 18 is electrically connected to the second current meter 21 and the second resistor 22 in sequence through wires.

The first resistor 7 and the second resistor 22 are made of the same material and have the same resistivity at the same time as the ambient temperature changes.

The power supply voltage connected to the first resistor 7 and the second resistor 22 is the same.

The working principle of this embodiment includes all the working principles of Embodiment 1, and the same parts will not be described again. The following are different working principles based on Embodiment 1, specifically including:

When the ambient temperature changes, the resistivity of the first resistor 7 will change. The measurement results of the first embodiment will produce certain calculation and measurement errors as the resistivity of the first resistor 7 changes. In the second embodiment, a second resistor is added. The current meter 21 and the second resistor 22 can calculate the resistivity of the second resistor 22 in real time based on the reading of the second current meter 21. Since the first resistor 7 and the second resistor 22 are made of the same material, that is, the resistivity of the second resistor 22 can be calculated based on the reading of the second current meter 21. The reading of the ammeter 21 calculates the resistivity of the first resistor 7 in real time, thereby effectively avoiding calculation and measurement errors caused by changes in the resistivity of the first resistor 7 when the ambient temperature changes.

The invention is easy to install and has a simple structure. It can effectively avoid calculation and measurement errors caused by changes in the resistivity of the first resistor 7 when the ambient temperature changes. At the same time, it can effectively prevent the circuit from causing a short circuit, and can measure accurately in real time, automatically, safely and stably. The direction changes when the dangerous rock mass tilts.

According to Embodiment 3 of the present application, including all technical solutions of Embodiment 2, but excluding the insulating paint layer 17 provided in Embodiment 2, this solution specifically includes:

As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 5, the third power supply in the power supply 18 is electrically connected to the third ammeter 23 and the second protection resistor 20 in sequence through wires, and the connecting wire 8 is electrically connected to the first power supply of the power supply 18. A first protection resistor 19 is provided on the connecting wire.

The first protection resistor 19 and the second protection resistor 20 are made of the same material and have the same resistivity at the same time as the ambient temperature changes.

The second resistor 22 and the second protection resistor 20 are used to obtain the resistivity of the first resistor 7 or the first protection resistor 19 at any time under temperature change conditions in real time.

The second resistor 22 and the second protection resistor 20 are mainly used to obtain the resistivity of the first resistor 7 and the resistivity of the first protection resistor 19 in real time when the ambient temperature changes. This avoids measurement errors caused by changes in the resistivity of the first resistor 7 and the first protection resistor 19 caused by changes in ambient temperature, and enables accurate measurement of the inclination direction of the dangerous rock mass.

The working principle of this embodiment includes all the working principles of Embodiment 2, and the same parts will not be described again. The following are different working principles based on Embodiment 2, specifically including:

When the dangerous rock mass tilts, the support rod 12 will deflect to the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass, resulting in a change in the access length of the first resistor 7 and a change in the size of the first resistor 7, thereby causing a change in the current size of the first galvanometer 16, and the second The establishment of the resistor 22 and the second protection resistor 20 can obtain the resistivity of the first resistor 7 and the first protection resistor 19 in real time when the ambient temperature changes, so that when the ambient temperature changes and the resistivity of the resistor changes, the resistivity can be accurately determined. The tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass at different times can be measured on the ground.

According to Embodiment 4 of the present application, this embodiment includes all solutions of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3. As shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the circular guide rail 27 is connected to the connecting rod 26 and fixed below the installation tray 5. The circular guide rail 27 houses the spherical magnet 24, and the bottom of the circular guide rail 27 Or set iron block 25 on the side. The spherical magnet 24 can roll freely in the circular guide rail 27 , and the iron block 25 can slide along the bottom or side of the circular guide rail 27 .

The working principle of this embodiment includes all the working principles of Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, and Embodiment 3. The same parts will not be described again. The following is a summary of the different working principles based on Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, and Embodiment 3. Working principle, including:

When the device is tilted, the spherical magnet 24 can move to the lowest position in the circular guide rail 27 and drive the external support rod 12 on the installation tray 5 to deflect. An iron piece 28 is provided on the bottom surface of the end of the support rod 12. The iron piece 28 is used to interact with the spherical shape. The magnets 24 cooperate to deflect the support rod 12. When the device is initially installed, the installation tray 5 is in a horizontal state, and the spherical magnet 24 is attracted to the due north direction by sliding the iron block 25. The iron block 25 has limited attraction to the spherical magnet 24. When the device is tilted, the spherical magnet 24 will roll under its own gravity, driving the support rod 12 to deflect more sensitively, thereby achieving higher precision measurement.

The power supply 18 includes a first power supply, a second power supply and a third power supply; each of the first power supply, the second power supply and the third power supply includes independent positive and negative electrodes.

The first power supply, the second power supply and the third power supply in Embodiment 1 to Embodiment 4 are all sub-power supplies in the power supply 18, and the functions of the first power supply, the second power supply and the third power supply are independent and include independent positive and negative poles. .

According to Embodiment 5 of the present application, the measurement method of a real-time automated measuring device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass in this solution includes the following steps:

When the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is X°, read the first galvanometer reading I;

but:

I＝U/[ρ·(X/360)·L/S];

When I≠0, the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is calculated as:

X=360US/(IρL);

Wherein, U is the voltage of the first power supply in the power supply 18 , ρ is the resistivity of the first resistor 7 , L is the total length of the first resistor 7 , and S is the cross-sectional area of the first resistor 7 .

According to Embodiment 6 of this application, it includes:

When the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is X°, read the reading I ₁ of the first galvanometer 16 and the reading I ₂ of the second galvanometer 21;

but:

I ₁ =U/[ρ·(X/360)·L ₁ /S ₁ ];

I ₂ =U/(ρ·L ₂ /S ₂ );

Wherein, L ₁ is the total length of the first resistor 7, S ₁ is the cross-sectional area of the first resistor 7, L ₂ is the length of the second resistor 22, S ₂ is the cross-sectional area of the second resistor 22; U is the power supply. The voltage of the first power supply and the second power supply in 18, ρ is the resistivity of the first resistor 7 and the second resistor 22 when the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is X°;

When I ₁ ≠ 0, based on the reading I ₁ of the first galvanometer 16 and the reading I ₂ of the second galvanometer 21 , the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is calculated as:

X=360[(S ₁ /S ₂ )(I ₂ /I ₁ )(L ₂ /L ₁ )];

When the length and cross-sectional area of the first resistor 7 and the second resistor 22 are equal, that is: L ₁ =L ₂ , S ₁ =S ₂ , the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is calculated as:

X＝360·(I ₂ /I ₁ );

According to Embodiment 7 of this application, it includes:

When the tilt direction _{of the} dangerous rock mass _is

I ₁ =U/{[ρ ₁ ·(X/360)·L ₁ /S ₁ ]+ρ ₂ ·L ₂ /S ₂ };

I ₂ =U/(ρ ₁ ·L ₃ /S ₃ );

I ₃ =U/(ρ ₂ ·L ₄ /S ₄ );

Wherein, L ₁ is the total length of the first resistor 7, S ₁ is the cross-sectional area of the first resistor 7; L ₂ is the length of the first protection resistor 19, S ₂ is the cross-sectional area of the first protection resistor 19; L ₃ is the total length of the second resistor 22, S ₃ is the cross-sectional area of the second resistor 22; L ₄ is the length of the second protection resistor 20, S ₄ is the cross-sectional area of the second protection resistor 20; U is the power supply 18 Among the voltages of the first power supply, the second power supply and the third power supply, ρ ₁ is the resistivity of the first resistor 7 and the second resistor 22 , and ρ ₂ is the resistivity of the first protection resistor 19 and the second protection resistor 20 .

When I ₁ ≠0, the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is:

X = 360 [(s ₁ /s ₃ ) (i ₂ /i ₁ ) (L ₃ /L ₁ )-(s ₁ /s ₃ ) (s ₄ /s ₂ ) (i ₂ /i ₃ ) (l 3) (l ₃ ) /L ₁ )(L ₂ /L ₄ )];

When the total length and cross-sectional area of the first resistor 7 and the second resistor 22 are equal, and the length and cross-sectional area of the first protection resistor 19 and the second protection resistor 20 are equal, that is: L ₁ = L ₃ , S ₁ =S ₃ , L ₂ =L ₄ , S ₂ =S ₄ , the calculation is:

X＝360·[(I ₂ /I ₁ )-(I ₂ /I ₃ )];

The invention has a simple structure and is easy to install. It can effectively avoid calculation and measurement errors caused by changes in resistivity of the first resistor 7 and the first protection resistor 19 when the ambient temperature changes. It can also effectively prevent short circuits in the circuit and can greatly reduce the environmental impact. The error caused by the resistivity change caused by the temperature change can accurately measure the direction change of the dangerous rock mass when it tilts in real time, automatically, safely and stably.

Although the specific embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, this should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Within the scope described in the claims, various modifications and transformations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative work still fall within the protection scope of this patent.

Claims (5)

1. A real-time automatic measurement device for the inclination direction of dangerous rock mass, characterized by comprising a device shell (1) fixed on the dangerous rock mass through an external support rod (2), and a control unit is provided inside the device shell (1) And the installation shaft (4), the installation shaft (4) is fixedly connected to the installation tray (5); the outer edge of the installation tray (5) is provided with an annular installation groove, and the first resistor (7) is placed in the annular installation groove. , an opening is opened on the first resistor (7); The rotating shaft (6) is fixedly connected to the installation shaft (4), the rotating shaft (6) is rotationally connected to the support rod (12), and there is a spacer between the support rod (12) and the installation tray (5). A rolling ring (15) that reduces friction, an installation slot is provided on the support rod (12), a connecting wire (8) is placed in the installation slot, and one end of the connecting wire (8) is connected to the conductive joint (14 ) is electrically connected; the conductive joint (14) is slidingly connected to the first resistor (7); the other end of the connecting wire (8) is electrically connected to the first power supply in the power supply (18) through a wire; the power supply (18) The first power supply in 18) is electrically connected to one end of the opening of the first galvanometer (16) and the first resistor (7) through wires; The second power supply in the power supply (18) is electrically connected to the second ammeter (21) and the second resistor (22) in sequence through wires. The second resistor (22) is made of the same material as the first resistor (7). ; A first protection resistor (19) is provided on the wire between the first power supply in the power supply (18) and the connecting wire (8), and the third power supply in the power supply (18) is sequentially connected to the third ammeter (23) through the wire. ) and the second protection resistor (20) are electrically connected; the first protection resistor (19) and the second protection resistor (20) are made of the same material; A circular guide rail (27) is provided below the installation tray (5). The circular guide rail (27) is fixed on the installation shaft (4) through a connecting rod (26). The circular guide rail (27) can be placed inside Rolling spherical magnet (24), the bottom of the circular guide rail (27) is provided with an iron block (25) for positioning the initial position of the spherical magnet (24), and the iron block (25) can slide along the bottom of the circular guide rail; Calculating the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass includes the following steps: When the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is X° , read the reading I ₁ of the first galvanometer (16) and the reading I _{2 of the second galvanometer (21);} but: I ₁ =U/[ρ·(X/360)·L ₁ / S ₁ ] ; I ₂ =U/(ρ·L ₂ /S ₂ ) ; Where, L ₁ is the total length of the first resistor (7), S ₁ is the cross-sectional area of the first resistor (7), L ₂ is the length of the second resistor (22), S ₂ is the second resistor (22) The cross-sectional area of Rate; When I ₁ ≠ 0, based on the reading I ₁ of the first galvanometer (16) and the reading I ₂ of the second galvanometer (21), the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is calculated as: X=360[(S ₁ /S ₂ ) (I ₂ /I ₁ ) (L ₂ /L ₁ )] ; When the lengths and cross-sectional areas of the first resistor (7) and the second resistor (22) are equal, that is: L ₁ =L ₂ , S ₁ =S ₂ , the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is calculated as: X=360·(I ₂ / I ₁ ) . 2. The real-time automatic measurement device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the end of the opening of the first resistor (7) that is electrically connected to the wire is sprayed with an insulating paint layer (17). 3. The real-time automatic measurement device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the bottom inside the device casing (1) is provided with a support seat (3) for fixing the installation shaft (4). , The end surface of the support rod (12) is provided with a counterweight (13) for increasing downward force, and the bottom surface of the end of the support rod (12) is provided with an iron piece (28) used to cooperate with the spherical magnet (24). 4. The real-time automatic measurement device for the inclination direction of dangerous rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control unit includes a control module (10) and a communication module (11), and is a control module (10) and a communication module. (11) Power supply module (9) that provides power. 5. The measurement method of the real-time automated measurement device for the tilt direction of dangerous rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes the following steps: When the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is X° , read the reading I ₁ of the first galvanometer (16), the reading I ₂ of the second galvanometer (21), and the reading I ₃ of the third galvanometer (23), then : I ₁ =U/{ [ρ ₁ ·（X/360）·L ₁ / S ₁ ]+ ρ ₂ ·L ₂ / S ₂ } ; I ₂ =U/(ρ ₁ ·L ₃ /S ₃ ) ; I ₃ =U/(ρ ₂ ·L ₄ /S ₄ ) ; Among them, L ₁ is the total length of the first resistor (7), S ₁ is the cross-sectional area of the first resistor (7); L ₂ is the length of the first protection resistor (19), S ₂ is the first protection resistor (19) ); L ₃ is the total length of the second resistor (22), S ₃ is the cross-sectional area of the second resistor (22); L ₄ is the length of the second protection resistor (20), S ₄ is the The cross-sectional area of the two protection resistors (20); U is the voltage of the first power supply, the second power supply and the third power supply in the power supply (18), ρ ₁ is the voltage of the first resistor (7) and the second resistor (22) Resistivity, ρ ₂ is the resistivity of the first protection resistor (19) and the second protection resistor (20); When I ₁ ≠0, the tilt direction of the dangerous rock mass is: X=360[(S ₁ /S ₃ ) (I ₂ / I ₁ ) (L ₃ /L ₁ )- (S ₁ /S ₃ ) (S ₄ /S ₂ ) (I ₂ / I ₃ ) (L ₃ /L ₁ ) (L ₂ /L ₄ )] ; When the total length and cross-sectional area of the first resistor (7) and the second resistor (22) are equal, and the length and cross-sectional area of the first protection resistor (19) and the second protection resistor (20) are equal, that is : L ₁ =L ₃ , S ₁ =S ₃ , L ₂ =L ₄ , S ₂ =S ₄ , calculated: X=360·[（I ₂ /I ₁ )-(I ₂ /I ₃ )].