CN113654841A - Device for quickly sampling tritiated water in air and method for measuring concentration of tritium in air - Google Patents
Device for quickly sampling tritiated water in air and method for measuring concentration of tritium in air Download PDFInfo
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- CN113654841A CN113654841A CN202111110375.XA CN202111110375A CN113654841A CN 113654841 A CN113654841 A CN 113654841A CN 202111110375 A CN202111110375 A CN 202111110375A CN 113654841 A CN113654841 A CN 113654841A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/204—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors the detector being a liquid
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Abstract
本发明公开了空气中氚化水快速取样装置及空气中氚浓度测量方法，所述空气中氚化水快速取样装置包括：导冷棒、定位保温塞、液氮保温桶和定位销；所述空气中氚浓度测量方法包括：利用上述空气中氚化水快速取样装置进行空气中氚化水快速取样；测量取样液态水中的质量M及氚比活度为A，之后利用公式C＝A·RH·P0·η计算该点位空气中氚化水的活度浓度C。本发明公开的空气中氚化水快速取样装置，能够不依靠电力，快速进行取样或获得样品进行空气氚化水的取样；空气中氚浓度测量方法基于本发明中空气中氚化水快速取样装置进行，简单易操作。本发明适用于自然环境与涉氚环境中氚含量的测量。
The invention discloses a rapid sampling device for tritium water in the air and a method for measuring the concentration of tritium in the air. The rapid sampling device for tritium water in the air comprises: a cooling rod, a positioning and heat preservation plug, a liquid nitrogen heat preservation barrel and a positioning pin; the The method for measuring the concentration of tritium in the air includes: using the above-mentioned rapid sampling device for tritium water in the air to quickly sample tritium water in the air; measuring the mass M and the specific activity of tritium in the sampled liquid water as A, and then using the formula C=A·RH ·P 0 ·η Calculate the activity concentration C of tritiated water in the air at this point. The rapid sampling device for tritiated water in the air disclosed in the present invention can quickly perform sampling or obtain samples for sampling tritiated water in the air without relying on electricity; the method for measuring the concentration of tritium in the air is based on the rapid sampling device for tritiated water in the air of the present invention. It is easy to operate. The invention is suitable for the measurement of tritium content in natural environment and tritium-related environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radiation protection and radiation measurement, and particularly relates to a device for quickly sampling tritiated water in air and a method for measuring the concentration of tritium in air.
Background
With the development of tritium-related technology, the gradual propulsion of tritium-related facilities and the increase of tritium-related experiments in the present year, the tritium safety problem is more and more valued. The measurement of the concentration of tritium gas and tritiated water in workplaces and ambient air is a necessary means for guaranteeing that the exposure dose of tritium operators and the public is within the legal limit. However, the concentration of tritium in the workplace and the ambient air is generally low, and the data cannot be obtained by direct measurement of instruments, so that a sampling measurement mode is generally adopted. The traditional tritiated water sampling mode in the air is divided into an active sampling mode and a passive sampling mode, wherein the active sampling mode generally adopts a sampling pump as a power source to convey air at a sampling point to a condensing device or a bubbler and other collectors for collection at a certain speed, and the passive sampling mode mainly adopts silica gel and other water-absorbing materials to adsorb water vapor in the air for sampling; the active sampling method needs to drive the sampling pump to work through electric power, the device is complex, the sampling pump cannot be used in the scene of non-power supply conditions such as accident conditions or natural environments, the silica gel sampling method does not need power supply, but the water adsorption speed is low, the sampling time is long (usually several hours), and the processes of distillation sample preparation and the like are needed after sampling is finished, so that the efficiency is low.
Therefore, a device capable of rapidly sampling tritiated water in air is needed, and the current situation that the tritiated water in air is sampled by electric power or sampling is slow is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a device for rapidly sampling tritiated water in air, which overcomes the defects that a silica gel sampling mode in the prior art is slow in speed and an electric refrigeration sampling device depends on electric power.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a device for rapidly sampling tritiated water in air, comprising: the device comprises a cold conduction rod, a positioning heat-preservation plug, a liquid nitrogen heat-preservation barrel and a positioning pin; the cold guide rod penetrates through the positioning heat-insulation plug to be inserted into the liquid nitrogen heat-insulation barrel and is fixed by the positioning pin; the positioning heat-preservation plug is covered on the opening of the liquid nitrogen heat-preservation barrel; the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel is hollow and is provided with an opening at the upper end, and the inner barrel wall and the outer barrel wall are hollow; the positioning pin is fixed at the center of the bottom in the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel.
Preferably, the cold conducting rod is a high-purity copper material, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%; the positioning heat-insulating plug is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material; the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel and the positioning pin are both made of 316L stainless steel materials.
Preferably, the surface of the cold conducting rod is polished, and the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.1 mu m.
A method for measuring the concentration of tritium in air, comprising:
s1: rapidly sampling tritiated water in the air by using the rapid sampling device for tritiated water in the air;
s2: calculation of tritium concentration in air
Measuring the mass M and tritium specific activity A in the sampled liquid water; and then calculating the activity concentration C of tritiated water in the air at the point as follows:
C＝A·RH·P0·η
in the formula, P0The absolute pressure of air saturated vapor corresponding to the temperature T is unit Pa; eta is a proportional coefficient and takes a value of 8.04 multiplied by 10-3g/m3(ii) a RH is the relative humidity at the sampling point.
Preferably, the step S1 includes:
s11: the method comprises the following steps of (1) mounting a tritiated water rapid sampling device in the air, carrying the tritiated water rapid sampling device to a place needing sampling, and recording the air temperature T and the relative humidity RH at the sampling point;
s12: standing the tritiated water rapid sampling device in the air for a period of time, collecting frost on the surface of the cold guide rod by using a sample bottle after the upper end of the cold guide rod is frosted, and naturally standing the sample bottle until the frost is dissolved into liquid water;
s13: after sampling is finished, wiping the surface layer of the copper rod by using dust-free cloth to prevent tritiated water from polluting the cold conducting rod, so that the measurement result of the next sampling point position has deviation;
preferably, in the step S2, the tritium specific activity of the sampled liquid water is measured as a by using a liquid scintillation counter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention discloses a device for quickly sampling tritiated water in air, wherein the device for quickly sampling tritiated water in air is quicker than a traditional silica gel sampling mode, and distillation and sample preparation processes are not needed; compared with an electric refrigeration sampling device and an active sampling device, the device is simpler and more convenient, does not need power supply, and is suitable for quickly sampling tritiated water in the air; the method for measuring the concentration of tritium in air is carried out based on the device for quickly sampling tritiated water in air, and is simple and easy to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for rapidly sampling tritiated water in air.
In the figure: 1. a cold conducting rod 2, a positioning heat-insulating plug 3, a liquid nitrogen heat-insulating barrel 4 and a positioning pin.
Detailed Description
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
A device for rapidly sampling tritiated water in air as shown in fig. 1, which comprises: the device comprises a cold conducting rod 1, a positioning heat-insulating plug 2, a liquid nitrogen heat-insulating barrel 3 and a positioning pin 4; the cold conducting rod 1 penetrates through the positioning heat-insulating plug 2 to be inserted into the liquid nitrogen heat-insulating barrel 3 and is fixed by the positioning pin 4; the positioning heat-preservation plug 2 is covered on an opening of the liquid nitrogen heat-preservation barrel 3; the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel 3 is a hollow barrel with an opening at the upper end, the inner barrel wall and the outer barrel wall are hollow, and a getter is arranged between the inner barrel wall and the outer barrel wall; the positioning pin 4 is fixed at the center of the bottom in the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel 3.
As an embodiment, the cold guide rod 1 is a high-purity copper material, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent; the positioning heat-preservation plug 2 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material; the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel 3 and the positioning pin 4 are both made of 316L stainless steel materials.
As an example, the surface of the cold conducting rod 1 is polished, and the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.1 μm.
A method of measuring tritium concentration in air, the method comprising:
s1: rapidly sampling tritiated water in air by using the rapid sampling device for tritiated water in air shown in FIG. 1;
s11: the method comprises the following steps of (1) mounting a tritiated water rapid sampling device in the air, carrying the tritiated water rapid sampling device to a place needing sampling, and recording the air temperature T and the relative humidity RH at the sampling point;
s12: standing the tritiated water rapid sampling device in the air for a period of time, collecting frost on the surface of the cold guide rod by using a sample bottle after the upper end of the cold guide rod is frosted, and naturally standing the sample bottle until the frost is dissolved into liquid water;
s13: after sampling is finished, wiping the surface layer of the copper rod by using dust-free cloth to prevent tritiated water from polluting the cold conducting rod, so that the measurement result of the next sampling point position has deviation;
s2: calculation of tritium concentration in air
Measuring the mass M and tritium specific activity A in the sampled liquid water; and then calculating the activity concentration C of tritiated water in the air at the point as follows:
C＝A·RH·P0·η
in the formula, P0The absolute pressure of air saturated vapor corresponding to the temperature T is unit Pa; eta is a proportional coefficient and takes a value of 8.04 multiplied by 10-3g/m3(ii) a RH is the relative humidity at the sampling point, and a liquid scintillation counter can be used to measure the tritium specific activity of the sampled liquid water as A.
As an embodiment, the cold guide rod 1 is made of copper, the diameter is 30mm, and the length is 535 mm; the height of the inside of the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel 3 is 255mm, the diameter is 150mm, the effective volume is 4.3L, and the diameter and the height of the outer shell of the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel 3 are 200mm and 310 mm; the diameter of the positioning pin 4 is 6mm, and the height thereof is 60 mm. Under the conditions that the temperature is 24 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 55%, a water vapor sample in air with the volume of more than or equal to 3mL can be obtained within 30min of sampling time.
Claims (6)
1. A device for rapidly sampling tritiated water in air is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a cold conduction rod (1), a positioning heat-preservation plug (2), a liquid nitrogen heat-preservation barrel (3) and a positioning pin (4); the cold conducting rod (1) penetrates through the positioning heat-insulating plug (2) to be inserted into the liquid nitrogen heat-insulating barrel (3) and is fixed by the positioning pin (4); the positioning heat-preservation plug (2) is covered on an opening of the liquid nitrogen heat-preservation barrel (3); the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel (3) is hollow and is provided with an opening at the upper end, the inner barrel wall and the outer barrel wall are hollow, and a getter is arranged between the inner barrel wall and the outer barrel wall; the positioning pin (4) is fixed at the center of the bottom in the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel (3).
2. The device for rapidly sampling tritiated water in air according to claim 1, characterized in that the cold conducting rod (1) is a high-purity copper material, and the purity is more than or equal to 99.9%; the positioning heat-insulating plug (2) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material; the liquid nitrogen heat-preserving barrel (3) and the positioning pin (4) are both made of 316L stainless steel materials.
3. The device for rapidly sampling the tritiated water in the air as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface of the cold conducting rod (1) is polished, and the surface roughness Ra is less than or equal to 0.1 μm.
4. A method for measuring the concentration of tritium in air, comprising:
s1: the tritiated water in air is rapidly sampled by using the tritiated water rapid sampling device in air as claimed in any one of claims 1-2;
s2: calculation of tritium concentration in air
Measuring the mass M and tritium specific activity A in the sampled liquid water; and then calculating the activity concentration C of tritiated water in the air at the point as follows:
C＝A·RH·P0·η
in the formula, P0The absolute pressure of air saturated vapor corresponding to the temperature T is unit Pa; eta is a proportional coefficient and takes a value of 8.04 multiplied by 10-3g/m3(ii) a RH is the relative humidity at the sampling point.
5. A method of measuring a concentration of tritium in air according to claim 3, characterized in that the step S1 includes:
s11: the method comprises the following steps of (1) mounting a tritiated water rapid sampling device in the air, carrying the tritiated water rapid sampling device to a place needing sampling, and recording the air temperature T and the relative humidity RH at the sampling point;
s12: standing the tritiated water rapid sampling device in the air for a period of time, collecting frost on the surface of the cold guide rod by using a sample bottle after the upper end of the cold guide rod is frosted, and naturally standing the sample bottle until the frost is dissolved into liquid water;
s13: use dustless cloth to clean the bar copper top layer after the sample is accomplished, prevent that tritiated water from staining and leading cold stick, lead to next sample point position measuring result to appear the deviation.
6. A method for measuring concentration of tritium in air according to claim 3, characterized in that in step S2, a liquid scintillation counter is used to measure tritium specific activity A of sampled liquid water.
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| CN202111110375.XA CN113654841A (en) | 2021-09-18 | 2021-09-18 | Device for quickly sampling tritiated water in air and method for measuring concentration of tritium in air |
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| CN202111110375.XA CN113654841A (en) | 2021-09-18 | 2021-09-18 | Device for quickly sampling tritiated water in air and method for measuring concentration of tritium in air |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115394466A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-25 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Tritiated water vapor collecting device |
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| CN115394466A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-25 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Tritiated water vapor collecting device |
| CN115394466B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2023-12-12 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Tritiated water vapor collecting device |
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