CN113738487B - Engine advances exhaust system and has its vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and in particular relates to an engine intake and exhaust system and a vehicle having the same. The engine intake and exhaust system in the present invention includes at least one exhaust pipe, a connecting bracket and at least one supercharger group, at least one exhaust pipe has a cooling water cavity, the connecting bracket is installed on the top of the at least one exhaust pipe, and the connecting bracket It includes a body part and at least one support part located at the top of the body part, the body part has a first water cavity, at least one support part has a second water cavity, at least one supercharger group includes a supercharger and a heat insulation shield, and the heat insulation The protective cover is installed on the vortex end side of the supercharger, the supercharger is installed on the support part, the air inlet of the supercharger is connected with the air outlet of the exhaust pipe, and the heat insulation protective cover has a water flow cavity. By using the engine air intake and exhaust system in the technical solution, and adopting the combined structure of the exhaust pipe, the connecting bracket and the supercharger group, the effective protection and cooling of the high temperature part of the engine can be realized.

Description

Engine intake and exhaust system and vehicle having the same

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and in particular relates to an engine intake and exhaust system and a vehicle having the same.

Background technique

At present, most of the engines used in ships are high-power marine engines, which generate a large amount of heat during operation, which makes the temperature of the body very high. Among them, the heat is mainly dissipated by the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe of a diesel engine usually adopts a dry exhaust pipe. There is no effective heat insulation layer on the outer casing, which cannot effectively protect and cool the high-temperature components of the engine. There are certain safety hazards and it is difficult to meet the needs of actual use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to at least solve the problem that the existing engine exhaust pipe cannot protect and cool high temperature components. This purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A first aspect of the present invention provides an engine intake and exhaust system, comprising:

at least one exhaust pipe, and at least one of the exhaust pipes has a cooling water cavity;

a connection bracket, the connection bracket is installed on the top end of at least one of the exhaust pipes, the connection bracket includes a main body part and at least one support part located at the top end of the main body part, and the main body part has a first water cavity, so The water outlet end of the first water cavity is communicated with the intercooler, at least one of the support parts is provided with a second water cavity, and the water inlet end of the second water cavity is communicated with the cooling water cavity;

At least one supercharger group, at least one of the supercharger groups includes a supercharger and a heat shield, the heat shield is installed on the scroll end side of the supercharger, and the supercharger is installed On the support part, the air inlet of the supercharger is communicated with the air outlet of the exhaust pipe, the heat insulation shield has a water flow cavity, and the water inlet end of the water flow cavity The first water outlet end of the second water chamber is communicated with each other, and the water outlet end of the flow water chamber is communicated with the water inlet end of the first water chamber.

By using the engine air intake and exhaust system in this technical solution, and adopting the combined structure of the exhaust pipe, the connecting bracket and the supercharger group, the high temperature water in the cooling water cavity in the exhaust pipe can be passed through the second water cavity, the flowing water in sequence cavity and the first water cavity, and finally reach the intercooler for the circulating flow of high-temperature water, during which it flows through components such as the supercharger and exhaust pipe, which can effectively protect and cool the high-temperature parts of the engine, improve reliability, and at the same time The heat insulation shield in the present invention is located at the vortex end of the supercharger, which can effectively heat insulation and protect the supercharger and the exhaust tail pipe of the supercharger, and further improves the reliability.

In addition, the engine intake and exhaust system according to the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

In some embodiments of the present invention, the support portion has a communication hole, and the air inlet of the supercharger communicates with the air outlet of the exhaust pipe through the communication hole.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the engine air intake and exhaust system further includes a spacer block, the spacer block is a hollow structure and is installed in the communication hole, the spacer has a communication water cavity in the circumferential direction, the spacer The water inlet end of the communication water chamber is communicated with the cooling water chamber, and the water outlet end of the communication water chamber is communicated with the second water chamber.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a first annular groove structure and a second annular groove structure are provided on the circumferential end surface of the spacer, and the water outlet end of the communicating water cavity is located at the first annular groove structure and the second annular groove structure. between the second ring groove structures.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat shield includes a first shield and a second shield, and the first shield and the second shield enclose the heat shield.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a first flow chamber is provided in the first guard, a second flow chamber is provided in the second guard, the first flow chamber and the second flow chamber forming the water flow chamber.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the water inlet end of the first flow chamber is communicated with the first water outlet end of the second water chamber, and the first water outlet end of the first flow chamber is connected to the second water chamber. The first water inlet end of the flow chamber is communicated, and the water outlet end of the second flow chamber is communicated with the water inlet end of the first water chamber.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat shield further includes a first communication pipe and a second communication pipe, and the inlet end of the first communication pipe is communicated with the second water outlet end of the first flow chamber , the outlet end of the first communication pipe is communicated with the intermediate body of the supercharger, the inlet end of the second communication pipe is communicated with the intermediate body of the supercharger, and the second communication pipe is in communication with the intermediate body of the supercharger. The outlet end communicates with the second water inlet end of the second flow chamber.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the body part further has a third water cavity, the third water cavity is located on the bottom side of the first water cavity, and the water inlet end of the third water cavity and the The intercooler is in communication, and the water outlet end of the third water chamber is in communication with the thermostat.

A second aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle having the above-mentioned engine intake and exhaust system.

Description of drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments only and are not to be considered limiting of the invention. Also, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the drawings. In the attached image:

FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an engine intake and exhaust system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the intake and exhaust system of the engine in FIG. 1;

Fig. 3 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the engine intake and exhaust system in Fig. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the connection bracket of the engine air intake and exhaust system in FIG. 1;

Fig. 5 is the top-view structure schematic diagram of the connection bracket of the engine air intake and exhaust system in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a partial structural cross-sectional schematic diagram of the engine air intake and exhaust system in Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the pad of the engine intake and exhaust system in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is the top sectional structure schematic diagram of the cushion block of the engine air intake and exhaust system in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is the front view structure schematic diagram of the cushion block of the engine air intake and exhaust system in Fig. 7;

Fig. 10 is the enlarged structural representation of part I in Fig. 9;

11 is a schematic structural diagram of the gasket between the gasket of the engine air intake and exhaust system and the exhaust pipe in FIG. 1;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the first guard of the engine air intake and exhaust system in FIG. 2;

FIG. 13 is a schematic front view of the structure of the first guard in FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a schematic side view of the structure of the first guard in FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 is a schematic top view of the structure of the first guard in FIG. 12;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the communication between various water cavities of the air intake and exhaust system of the engine in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 17 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the flow of cooling water in the intake and exhaust system of an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

10: exhaust pipe;

20: connecting bracket, 21: main body, 211: first water chamber, 212: third water chamber, 22: support part, 221: second water chamber, 2211: first water outlet of the second water chamber, 2212: The water inlet end of the first water chamber, 2213: the second water outlet end of the second water chamber, 222: the communication hole;

30: supercharger group, 31: supercharger, 32: heat shield, 321: first guard, 3211: first flow chamber, 32111: first water outlet of first flow chamber, 322: second Guard, 3221: second flow chamber, 33: common cavity, 34: first communication pipe;

40: Intercooler;

50: Spacer, 51: Connected water cavity, 52: First ring groove structure, 53: Second ring groove structure, 54: Bolt mounting holes;

60: Connect the water pipe.

Detailed ways

Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be more thoroughly understood, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" can also be intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The terms "comprising", "comprising", "containing" and "having" are inclusive and thus indicate the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or Various other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or combinations thereof. Method steps, procedures, and operations described herein are not to be construed as requiring that they be performed in the particular order described or illustrated, unless an order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be restricted by these terms. These terms may only be used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first," "second," and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of example embodiments.

For ease of description, spatially relative terms may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature as shown in the figures, such as "inner", "outer", "inner" ", "outside", "below", "below", "above", "above", etc. This spatially relative term is intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation other than the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" or "above the other elements or features" above features". Thus, the example term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an engine intake and exhaust system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the intake and exhaust system of the engine in FIG. 1 . FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the structure of the intake and exhaust system of the engine in FIG. 1 . As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the present invention proposes an engine intake and exhaust system and a vehicle having the same. The engine air intake and exhaust system in the present invention includes at least one exhaust pipe 10, a connecting bracket 20 and at least one supercharger group 30, at least one exhaust pipe 10 has a cooling water cavity in it, and the connecting bracket 20 is installed on at least one exhaust pipe At the top of the pipe 10, the connecting bracket 20 includes a body portion 21 and at least one support portion 22 at the top of the body portion 21. The body portion 21 has a first water cavity 211, and the water outlet end of the first water cavity 211 is connected to the intercooler 40. At least one support part 22 has a second water cavity 221, and the water inlet end of the second water cavity is communicated with the cooling water cavity, and at least one supercharger group 30 includes a supercharger 31 and a heat insulation shield 32. The heat shield 32 is installed on the scroll end side of the supercharger 31, the supercharger 31 is installed on the support portion 22, and the air inlet of the supercharger 31 is communicated with the air outlet of the exhaust pipe 10, and the heat shield 32 has a water flow chamber, the water inlet end of the water flow chamber is communicated with the first water outlet end 2211 of the second water chamber, and the water outlet end of the water flow chamber is communicated with the water inlet end 2212 of the first water chamber.

By using the engine air intake and exhaust system in this technical solution, and adopting the combined structure of the exhaust pipe 10, the connecting bracket 20 and the supercharger group 30, the high-temperature water in the cooling water cavity in the exhaust pipe 10 can be passed through the first The second water chamber 221 , the flowing water chamber and the first water chamber 211 finally reach the intercooler 40 for the circulating flow of high-temperature water, during which it flows through components such as the supercharger 31 and the exhaust pipe 10 , which can effectively protect the high-temperature parts of the engine. Protection and cooling improves reliability, and the heat shield 32 in the present invention is located at the vortex end of the supercharger 31, which can effectively protect the supercharger 31 and the exhaust tail pipe of the supercharger 31 from heat insulation , further improving reliability.

Specifically, the supercharger 31 in this embodiment includes a pressure end, a turbine and an intermediate body, and the intermediate body is located between the pressure end and the turbine end.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 4 , 5 and 6 , the support portion 22 has a communication hole 222 , and the air inlet of the supercharger 31 is communicated with the air outlet of the exhaust pipe 10 through the communication hole 222 . In this embodiment, the communication hole 222 is communicated with the second water cavity 221 in the circumferential direction, and the cooling water of the cooling water cavity of the exhaust pipe 10 can be guided into the second water cavity 221 through the spacer block 50, so that the cooling water in the cooling water cavity of the exhaust pipe 10 can be conducted through the flowing water cavity. Protection and cooling of the supercharger 31.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 7 , 8 and 10 , the engine intake and exhaust system further includes a spacer block 50 , the spacer block 50 is a hollow structure and is installed in the communication hole 222 , and the hollow structure can increase the pressure The air inlet of the device 31 is communicated with the air outlet of the exhaust pipe 10, which is convenient for the circulation of gas. At the same time, the spacer 50 is installed in the communication hole 222, so that the spacer 50 and the communication hole 222 can cooperate to realize the gas transmission. tightness. In the circumferential direction of the spacer block 50, there is a communicating water cavity 51, the water inlet end of the communicating water cavity 51 is communicated with the cooling water cavity, and the water outlet end of the communicating water cavity 51 is communicated with the second water cavity 221. The cooling water in the cooling water cavity is guided into the second water cavity 221 of the support portion 22 , so as to achieve the purpose of delivering the cooling water to the supercharger group 30 .

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 , the middle of the cushion block 50 is a hollow structure from the exhaust pipe 10 to the supercharger 31 , which also becomes an exhaust chamber. The inner circumferential direction of the cushion block 50 is cast with a communicating water cavity 51 , and the end surface is also The two-end connecting water holes are arranged, and the cooling water can flow from the exhaust pipe 10 through the communicating water cavity 51 of the cushion block 50 and then reach the second water cavity 221 of the connecting bracket 20 . In addition, the spacer block 50 in this embodiment is also provided with four bolt mounting holes 54 evenly in the circumferential direction, and the spacer block 50 can be fixed to the exhaust pipe 10 by using hexagon socket head screws.

Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11 , the bottom end of the spacer block 50 and the exhaust pipe 10 are sealed by a metal-coated plate gasket.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 9 , a first annular groove structure 52 and a second annular groove structure 53 are provided on the circumferential end surface of the spacer 50 , and the water outlet end of the communicating water cavity 51 is located in the first annular groove between the structure 52 and the second ring groove structure 53 . An O-shaped rubber sealing ring is provided between the circumferential end surface of the spacer block 50 and the communication hole 222 , and the sealing ring can realize stable sealing between the spacer block 50 and the connecting bracket 20 and improve reliability. At the same time, the outlet end of the communication water cavity 51 is located between the first annular groove structure 52 and the second annular groove structure 53 , which can achieve a stable sealing effect when the cooling water flows from the communication water cavity 51 to the second water cavity 221 .

Specifically, in some embodiments of the present invention, the second water outlet end 2213 of the second water chamber communicates with the outside world. The second water outlet 2213 of the second water cavity of the connecting bracket 20 is a process hole structure. The process hole structure is due to the hole position left when the second water cavity 221 of the connecting bracket 20 is processed. First-class components seal it off.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 2 , 12 , 13 , 14 and 15 , the heat shield 32 includes a first shield 321 and a second shield 322 , the first shield 321 and the second shield The pieces 322 enclose the heat shield 32 . The heat insulation shield 32 in this embodiment adopts a split structure, which can be more convenient when disassembling and assembling. At the same time, due to the arrangement of the exhaust tail pipe at the turbo end of the supercharger 31, the interior of the heat shield 32 needs to be designed as a hollow structure, which facilitates the arrangement of the exhaust tail pipe and makes the overall arrangement space more reasonable.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 16 , the first guard 321 is provided with a first flow chamber 3211 , the second guard 322 is provided with a second flow chamber 3221 , the first flow chamber 3211 and the first flow chamber 3211 are provided in the second guard 322 . The two flow chambers 3221 constitute a water flow chamber. Since the heat shield 32 has two guards, the water flow chamber is also designed as two parts, which are respectively located on the two separate guards.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 16 , a common water cavity 33 is further provided on one side of the pressure end of the supercharger 31 , and the common water cavity 33 is used to communicate the first flow cavity 3211 and the second The second flow cavity 3221 facilitates sufficient communication and flow of cooling water between the first flow cavity 3211 and the second flow cavity 3221.

Specifically, the interior of the heat insulation shield 32 in this embodiment is a water flow cavity, and the process hole is blocked by a bowl-shaped plug, which can effectively protect the supercharger 31 and the exhaust tail pipe from heat insulation. The specific structure of the protective cover 32 requires specific design. The present invention only exemplifies the structure of a heat shield 32. The structure of other types of superchargers 31 needs to be specifically designed. Any structure with a water flow cavity inside and a hollow structure belongs to the present invention. protected range.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 16 , the water inlet end of the first flow chamber 3211 is communicated with the first water outlet end 2211 of the second water chamber, and the first water outlet end 32111 of the first flow chamber is connected to the first water outlet end 2211 of the second water chamber. The first water inlet end of the two flow chambers 3221 is communicated with each other, and the water outlet end of the second flow chamber 3221 is communicated with the water inlet end 2212 of the first water chamber. In this embodiment, the cooling water passes through the cooling water cavity, the second water cavity 221 , the first flow cavity 3211 , the second flow cavity 3221 and the first water cavity 211 in sequence, thereby cooling and protecting the high temperature components such as the supercharger 31 . , which can effectively reduce the surface temperature, so that the cooling capacity of the overall engine intake and exhaust system can be improved to a certain extent.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 14 , the heat shield 32 further includes a first communication pipe 34 and a second communication pipe, and the inlet end of the first communication pipe 34 is connected to the second communication pipe of the first flow chamber 3211 . The water outlet end is communicated, the outlet end of the first communication pipe 34 is communicated with the intermediate body of the supercharger 31, the inlet end of the second communication pipe is communicated with the intermediate body of the supercharger 31, and the outlet end of the second communication pipe is communicated with the intermediate body of the supercharger 31. The second water inlet ends of the second flow chambers 3221 are communicated with each other. The first communication pipe 34 and the second communication pipe in this embodiment can bring cooling water to the intermediate body of the supercharger 31 , thereby reducing the temperature of the supercharger 31 to a certain extent, thereby improving the protection effect.

In some embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6 , the body portion 21 further has a third water cavity 212 , the third water cavity 212 is located on the bottom side of the first water cavity 211 , and the water inlet end of the third water cavity 212 It is communicated with the intercooler 40, and the water outlet end of the third water chamber 212 is communicated with the thermostat. In this embodiment, the cooling water passing through the intercooler 40 passes through the third water chamber 212 and finally reaches the thermostat, so as to cool and cool the subsequent components of the engine.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 , in this embodiment, the number of supercharger groups 30 is four, the number of support parts 22 is four, the number of heat shields 32 is four, and the number of exhaust pipes 10 is four. for two.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the connection bracket 20 is composed of a plurality of independent water cavities, wherein the water inlet ends of the water flow cavities of the four heat insulation shields 32 are independent structures and are not connected to each other. The water outlet ends of the water flow chambers of the four heat shields 32 are all communicated with the first water chamber 211 of the connection bracket 20 and the water inlet end of the intercooler 40 . The water outlet end of the intercooler 40 is an independent water chamber, which is not communicated with other chambers.

Further, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2 , the engine air intake and exhaust system further includes a communication water pipe 60, and the communication water pipe 60 can communicate the cooling water chambers between the exhaust pipes, so as to perform better cooling The flow of water can effectively promote the circulation of cooling water, thereby reducing the temperature of the overall engine intake and exhaust system.

Specifically, the cooling water in this embodiment is high-temperature water, which is high-temperature water from the cylinder head, and is used for cooling the high-temperature components of the intake and exhaust system of the engine.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 , the operation process of the present invention is as follows: the cooling water of the second water cavity 221 connecting the bracket 20 comes from the cooling water passing through the exhaust pipe 10 and the spacer 50 , and the cooling water passes through the second water cavity 221 of the bracket 20 . After the water cavity 221, it enters the water flow cavity (including the first flow cavity 3211 and the second flow cavity 3221) of the heat shield 32, wherein the cooling water first flows through the first flow cavity 3211 of the first shield 321, and then passes through the second flow cavity 3211. In the second flow cavity 3221 of the two guards 322, the cooling water passing through the second flow cavity 3221 returns to the first water cavity 211 of the connecting bracket 20, and enters the intercooler 40 through the water outlet end of the first water cavity 211 to increase the pressure The gas after being pressed by the device 31 is preliminarily cooled, and the cooling water after the cooling and pressing of the gas is returned to the third water chamber 212 of the connecting bracket 20 again, and finally returns to the cooling water thermostat through the third water chamber 212 to complete a cycle. It can achieve the heat insulation effect on the exhaust system, and at the same time complete the preliminary cooling effect of the compressed gas.

The present invention also provides a vehicle, including the above engine intake and exhaust system.

By using the vehicle in this technical solution, the combined structure of the exhaust pipe 10 , the connecting bracket 20 and the supercharger group 30 can be used, so that the high temperature water in the cooling water cavity in the exhaust pipe 10 can be passed through the second water cavity 221 in sequence. , the flow water cavity and the first water cavity 211, and finally reach the intercooler 40 for the circulating flow of high-temperature water, during which it flows through components such as the supercharger 31 and the exhaust pipe 10, which can effectively protect and cool the high-temperature parts of the engine, The reliability is improved, and at the same time, the heat shield 32 in the present invention is located at the vortex end of the supercharger 31, so that the supercharger 31 and the exhaust tail pipe of the supercharger 31 can be effectively insulated and protected, which further improves the reliability.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (9)

1. an engine intake and exhaust system, is characterized in that, comprises: at least one exhaust pipe, and at least one of the exhaust pipes has a cooling water cavity; a connection bracket, the connection bracket is installed on the top end of at least one of the exhaust pipes, the connection bracket includes a main body part and at least one support part located at the top end of the main body part, and the main body part has a first water cavity, so The water outlet end of the first water cavity is communicated with the intercooler, at least one of the support parts is provided with a second water cavity, and the water inlet end of the second water cavity is communicated with the cooling water cavity; At least one supercharger group, at least one of the supercharger groups includes a supercharger and a heat shield, the heat shield is installed on the scroll end side of the supercharger, and the supercharger is installed On the support part, the air inlet of the supercharger is communicated with the air outlet of the exhaust pipe, the heat insulation shield has a water flow cavity, and the water inlet end of the water flow cavity The first water outlet end of the second water chamber is communicated with, and the water outlet end of the flow water chamber is communicated with the water inlet end of the first water chamber; The body part also has a third water cavity, the third water cavity is located on the bottom side of the first water cavity, the water inlet end of the third water cavity is communicated with the intercooler, and the first water cavity is connected to the intercooler. The water outlet end of the three water chambers is communicated with the thermostat. 2 . The engine air intake and exhaust system according to claim 1 , wherein a communication hole is formed on the support part, and the air inlet of the supercharger and the air outlet of the exhaust pipe communicate through the communication hole. 3 . The holes are connected. 3 . The engine air intake and exhaust system according to claim 2 , wherein the engine air intake and exhaust system further comprises a spacer block, the spacer block is a hollow structure and is installed in the communication hole, and the spacer block is 3 . There is a communication water cavity in the circumferential direction of the communication cavity, the water inlet end of the communication water cavity is communicated with the cooling water cavity, and the water outlet end of the communication water cavity is communicated with the second water cavity. 4 . The engine air intake and exhaust system according to claim 3 , wherein a first annular groove structure and a second annular groove structure are provided on the circumferential end surface of the spacer, and the water outlet end of the communicating water cavity is located at the between the first ring groove structure and the second ring groove structure. 5 . The engine air intake and exhaust system according to claim 1 , wherein the heat shield includes a first shield and a second shield, and the first shield and the second shield are enclosed. 6 . into the heat shield. 6 . The engine air intake and exhaust system according to claim 5 , wherein a first flow cavity is provided in the first guard, a second flow cavity is provided in the second guard, and the first A flow chamber and the second flow chamber constitute the water flow chamber. 7 . The engine air intake and exhaust system according to claim 6 , wherein the water inlet end of the first flow chamber is communicated with the first water outlet end of the second water chamber, and the first flow chamber The first water outlet end of the second flow chamber is communicated with the first water inlet end of the second flow chamber, and the water outlet end of the second flow chamber is communicated with the water inlet end of the first water chamber. 8 . The engine air intake and exhaust system according to claim 6 , wherein the heat shield further comprises a first communication pipe and a second communication pipe, and an inlet end of the first communication pipe is connected to the first communication pipe. 9 . The second water outlet end of a flow chamber is communicated with, the outlet end of the first communication pipe is communicated with the intermediate body of the supercharger, and the inlet end of the second communication pipe is communicated with the intermediate body of the supercharger The outlet end of the second communication pipe is communicated with the second water inlet end of the second flow chamber. 9. A vehicle, characterized by having the engine intake and exhaust system according to any one of claims 1-8.

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