CN113749256A - 大蒜多糖在调节肠道菌群功能中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请提供大蒜多糖在调节肠道菌群功能中的应用，具体大蒜多糖可以作用于盲肠到结肠全过程。在作用于盲肠到结肠的过程中，大蒜多糖能增加肠道益生菌阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia)的含量；大蒜多糖能促使厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比值下调，降低宿主能量吸收；大蒜多糖能增加坎迪塔斯‑萨科瑞莫纳斯(CandidatusSaccharimonas)属菌群丰度，帮助维持肠道稳态。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健食品技术领域，具体涉及一种大蒜多糖在调节肠道菌群功能中的应用。
背景技术
随着当代生活节奏加快、生活压力增大，人们的不良生活习惯加速削弱肠道消化、代谢、免疫等功能，继而带来诸如肥胖、便秘、消化不良等症状，甚至造成巨大健康隐患。近年来，越来越多的肠道疾病给很多人带来很大的困扰，如何改善肠道疾病成为当代的热点话题。
肠道微生物指动物肠道中存在的数量庞大的微生物，这群微生物依靠动物的肠道生活，同时帮助寄主完成多种生理生化功能。作为人体最庞大、最复杂的微生态系统，肠道微生物本身及其代谢产物不仅能调节人体健康，更在膳食和宿主之间起到了重要的桥梁作用。肠道菌群多样性减少是肠道菌群失调的一个重要因素，一般由饮食、感染、代谢、易感基因、免疫、等多种因素共同引起的。
目前，国内外研究开发的具有调节肠道菌群功能的物质主要有两种：一是有益活菌制剂，主要是以双歧杆菌和各种乳酸菌为主，二是有益生元，即通过这类物质使机体自身的生理性固有的菌增殖，形成以有益菌占优势的肠道生态环境，但是益活菌生物制剂的成本较高，一般需要在低温下短期保存，且产品菌种单一，不能满足人体肠道中复杂菌群体系的需求；而益生元产品，单独使用效果有限，调节方向较为单一。
Akkermansia阿克曼氏菌又称为AkkermansiaMuciniphila，是一种专门以黏蛋白为食的细菌，跟很多健康问题有反向关系，如果动物肠道内的艾克曼细菌越多，则动物有越少的肥胖、炎症和2型糖尿病。大蒜多糖是从大蒜中提取的有效成分，是一种果聚糖，有研究表明大蒜多糖具有抗氧化、抗病毒、调节血脂、调节血糖等作用，是一种具有开发前景的天然多糖。
发明内容
因肠道菌群失调引起的肠道疾病成为人们的困扰问题，目前肠道菌群调节的产品较少、且价格贵，大蒜多糖是一种天然的植物多糖，帮助缓解肠道菌群失调问题。
本发明人发现大蒜多糖可以作用于盲肠到结肠全过程。在作用于盲肠到结肠的过程中，大蒜多糖能增加肠道益生菌阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia)的含量；大蒜多糖能促使厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比值下调，降低宿主能量吸收；大蒜多糖能增加坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯(CandidatusSaccharimonas)属菌群丰度，帮助维持肠道稳态。
大蒜多糖的使用剂量为50～250mg/kg/d。
大蒜多糖作为一种天然的植物多糖，能够提高有益菌群的丰度，作用于拟杆菌、厚壁菌、阿克曼氏菌、坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯属菌群等，能够通过调节肠道菌群缓解因肠道微生物失调引起的便秘或者拉肚子的情况，且不改变肠道菌群稳态。
附图说明
图1是Akkermansia阿克曼氏菌群变化情况；
图2是CandidatusSaccharimonas坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯属菌群变化情况；
图3是厚壁菌门及拟杆菌门菌群变化情况。
具体实施方式
本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用材料或设备未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过购买获得的常规产品。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。
实施例：
动物实验：
SPF级昆明种雄性小鼠，饲养1周以适应实验环境。小鼠在灌胃期间，自由饮水和饮食。小鼠按体重分为空白组、大蒜多糖组2个灌胃剂量组(每组20只小鼠)，使用的大蒜多糖纯度为90％以上。大蒜多糖剂量组小鼠灌胃量为5g/kg·bw，剂量设定标准以60kg体重每人每天服用15g为标准，按照20倍剂量设定小鼠灌胃量。分析肠道菌群变化
送检盲肠内容物、结肠内容物、粪便样本(每组小鼠每个部位制备三组样品(18个样品)，以及实验初期粪便留样(3个样品)进行16S rDNA扩增子测序，揭示不同处理或环境下的小鼠肠道菌群多样性及丰度变化情况。
1、Akkermansia阿克曼氏菌群变化情况
如图1所示，C.CG代表盲肠内容物空白组的阿克曼氏菌，C.GH代表盲肠内容物大蒜多糖组的阿克曼氏菌。
空白组中阿克曼氏菌群占比为0.011885±0.015604％，大蒜多糖组中阿克曼氏菌群占比为0.067149±0.004805％，大蒜多糖组的盲肠内容物中的阿克曼氏菌群显著高于空白组，P＝0.018。
2、CandidatusSaccharimonas坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯属菌群变化情况
如上图所示，Co.CG代表结肠内容物空白组的坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯属菌群，Co.GH代表结肠内容物大蒜多糖组的坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯属菌群。
空白组坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯属菌群占比为0.007268±0.005271％，大蒜多糖组坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯属菌群占比为0.072619±0.001595％，大蒜多糖组的结肠内容物中的坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯属菌群显著高于空白组，P＝0.012。
3、厚壁菌门及拟杆菌门菌群变化情况
检测了空白组和大蒜多糖组结肠内容物所有菌群的相对丰度，其中红色代表拟杆菌门，蓝色代表厚壁菌门，空白组厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门＝0.892417，大蒜多糖组厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门＝0.486841。
因粪便与外界接触时间较长，菌群受外界环境影响较大，粪便各菌群变化无显著性差异，在此不再进行分析。
由上述实验分析可知，大蒜多糖可以作用于盲肠到结肠全过程。在盲肠中，大蒜多糖能增加肠道益生菌阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia)的含量；在结肠中，大蒜多糖能促使厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比值下调，降低宿主能量吸收；大蒜多糖能增加坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯(CandidatusSaccharimonas)属菌群丰度，帮助维持肠道稳态。
应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明的技术内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本发明所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (6)
1.大蒜多糖在调节肠道菌群功能中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的大蒜多糖在调节肠道菌群功能中的应用，其特征在于，是作用于盲肠至结肠。
3.如权利要求1所述的大蒜多糖在调节肠道菌群功能中的应用，其特征在于，大蒜多糖能增加肠道益生菌阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia)的含量。
4.如权利要求1所述的大蒜多糖在调节肠道菌群功能中的应用，其特征在于，大蒜多糖能促使厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比值下调，降低宿主能量吸收。
5.如权利要求1所述的大蒜多糖在调节肠道菌群功能中的应用，其特征在于，大蒜多糖能增加坎迪塔斯-萨科瑞莫纳斯(CandidatusSaccharimonas)属菌群丰度，帮助维持肠道稳态。
6.如权利要求1所述的大蒜多糖在调节肠道菌群功能中的应用，其特征在于，大蒜多糖的使用剂量为50～250mg/kg/d。
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| SHAO, XIN, ET AL.: "Anti-inflammatory and intestinal microbiota modulation properties of Jinxiang garlic (Allium sativum L.) polysaccharides toward dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis" * |
| 曾艳华，等: "大蒜多糖对人体肠道中拟杆菌生长的影响" * |
| 范颖;赵鑫;李娜;吴曼曼;李新莉;: "大蒜多糖对急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肠道菌群失调的影响" * |
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