CN113765278B

CN113765278B - Four-stage motor

Info

Publication number: CN113765278B
Application number: CN202111028742.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈晨
Original assignee: Yuyao Aosheng Motor Manufacturing Co ltd
Current assignee: Yuyao Aosheng Motor Manufacturing Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-02
Filing date: 2021-09-02
Publication date: 2023-02-03
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-02
Also published as: CN113765278A

Abstract

The application relates to a four-stage motor, which belongs to the technical field of motors. It includes shell, magnetic pole, rotor and at least two sets of brush subassemblies, the magnetic pole has two pairs, and is every right the magnetic pole includes N level and S level, two pairs the magnetic pole arrange in turn in shells inner wall, the rotor install in just be located two pairs in the casing between the magnetic pole, it is adjacent be formed with the magnetic field between the magnetic pole, the rotor includes rotor shaft, iron core, enameled wire and commutator, the iron core install in rotor shaft is last and be provided with five windings, the commutator install in rotor shaft one end and mutual insulation are provided with the commutator segment, the enameled wire twine in according to certain order in the winding and with commutator segment conductive contact, and five when the winding is rotatory, one the winding is in the short circuit, and remaining four winding alternating current flow direction is opposite, and is in the short circuit the winding is located outside the magnetic field. The torque is higher.

Description

Four-stage motor

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of motors, in particular to a four-stage motor.

Background

With the development of economy and the improvement of living standard of people, the electric tool is more and more popularized in daily life. With the continuous improvement of the capacity of lithium batteries, in the field of low-power electric tools, direct current electric tools gradually replace alternating current electric tools, and the electric tools gradually develop towards portability and light weight.

Because the small dc motor usually adopts a combination design of two pairs of magnets and one pair of carbon brushes due to insufficient space and cost. Usually a two-stage four-winding dc motor, the windings of this structure are symmetrically wired in series. When a motor with high torque and low rotating speed is developed, enamelled wires with large wire diameters are selected as rotor armature parameters, and the number of turns is large; rotor wire winding displacement is difficult, and chip groove effective utilization is low, and the apparent phenomenon is that the line is high, and the line is full, and the line is arranged not down, the commutator ear wraps the enameled wire, has the power consumption and hangs down, the not enough problem of power.

The direct current electric tool provides a four-pole direct current motor in the aspects of large torque and high power consumption, solves the problem of increasing the process difficulty for winding, spot welding and balancing in the production process, and cannot effectively ensure the product quality.

In view of the above-described related art, the inventors have considered that a large-torque, high-power-consumption dc motor needs to be developed in order to alleviate the above-described problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve direct current motor's moment of torsion, this application provides a level four motor.

The application provides a level four motor adopts following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a level four motor, includes shell, magnetic pole, rotor and at least two sets of brush subassemblies, the magnetic pole has two pairs, and is every right the magnetic pole includes N level and S level, two pairs the magnetic pole arrange in turn in the shells inner wall, the rotor install in just be located two pairs between the magnetic pole, it is adjacent be formed with magnetic field between the magnetic pole, the rotor includes rotor shaft, iron core, enameled wire and commutator, the iron core install in rotor shaft is last and be provided with five windings, the commutator install in rotor shaft one end and mutual insulation are provided with the commutator segment, the enameled wire twine in according to a certain order in the winding and with commutator segment conductive contact, and five when the winding is rotatory, one the winding is in the short circuit, the remaining four winding current flow direction is opposite in turn, and is in the short circuit the winding is located outside the magnetic field.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the not equidirectional electric current of four winding alternate flow, correspond four alternate change's magnetic field to make the driving force direction that four windings received keep unanimous, when the rotor rotates, under the current commutation of commutator segment, the winding of short circuit though changes, still is located the corresponding region in magnetic field, other windings also change with the same mode, make the rotor when rotatory, receive four driving forces all the time, the moment of torsion and the power of rotor output are bigger, and the motor keeps less size.

Optionally, the commutator segments have ten windings, each two of the windings correspond to five windings, each commutator segment is provided with a commutator hook, the five windings are respectively set as No. 1, no. 2, no. 3, no. 4 and No. 5, the No. 1 winding corresponds to No. 1-1 and No. 1-2 commutator segments, the No. 2 winding corresponds to No. 2-1 and No. 2-2 commutator segments, the No. 3 winding corresponds to No. 3-1 and No. 3-2 commutator segments, the No. 4 winding corresponds to No. 4-1 and No. 4-2 commutator segments, the No. 5 winding corresponds to No. 5-1 and No. 5-2 commutator segments, the number of the commutator hook corresponds to the number of the commutator segment, one end of the enameled wire is hooked to the No. 3-1 commutator hook, the other end of the enameled wire is connected to the No. 5-2 commutator hook by bypassing the winding hook, winding at least one circle on winding No. 5, hooking and connecting a No. 5-1 reversing hook, hooking and connecting a No. 2-2 reversing hook by bypassing the winding, winding at least one circle on winding No. 2, hooking and connecting a No. 2-1 reversing hook, hooking and connecting a No. 4-2 reversing hook by bypassing the winding, winding at least one circle on winding No. 4, hooking and connecting a No. 4-1 reversing hook, hooking and connecting a No. 1-2 reversing hook by bypassing the winding, winding at least one circle on winding No. 3, and finally hooking and connecting the No. 3-1 reversing hook, wherein the enameled wire is electrically connected with the position where the reversing hook is connected, and the two groups of brush components are arranged at an interval of 90 degrees.

By adopting the technical scheme, because the interval between the brush assemblies is set at 90 degrees, assuming that the No. 3-2 commutator segment is input current, the No. 2-1 commutator segment and the No. 2 commutator segment are output current, then the No. 2 winding is in a short-circuit state, the current does not pass any more, the No. 2 winding is just opposite to the side of the magnetic pole and is not subjected to electromagnetic force, wherein the direction of the circuit current transmitted to the No. 2-1 commutator segment by the No. 3-2 commutator segment through the enameled wire is the same, the No. 1 winding and the No. 4 winding are corresponding, the directions of the circuit current transmitted to the No. 1 winding and the No. 4 winding are the same, the directions of the currents on the No. 1 winding and the No. 4 winding are close to be opposite, the directions of the two oppositely arranged magnetic fields are corresponding, the directions of the currents on the No. 3 winding and the No. 5 winding are the same, the directions of the two corresponding magnetic fields are the same, the directions of the two oppositely arranged magnetic fields are the same, the directions of the 3 winding and the two windings are close to be opposite, the directions, the two windings are the directions of the two windings are the same, the directions of the two windings, the electric brush assemblies are convenient for deducing the rotation, and the rotation of the rotor is less, and the four directions of the rotor can be pushed, and the rotor can be more conveniently pushed, and the same, and the rotor can be pushed.

Optionally, the shell includes casing and end cover, the confession has been seted up at the end cover middle part the delivery outlet that the rotor shaft passed, the brush subassembly set up in on the end cover, the brush subassembly has two sets ofly, and is two sets of the brush subassembly is followed end cover circumference interval angle sets up, the brush subassembly includes brush yoke, brush and elastic drive spare, the brush yoke install in the end cover is provided with the confession the slide of brush installation that slides, the slide orientation the axis direction of end cover sets up, elastic drive spare install in end cover and drive the brush is in court in the slide end cover axis direction motion.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, two brush subassemblies are as current input end and current output end, when the rotor shaft is rotatory, the brush and the commutator segment contact of difference of two brush subassemblies, thereby realize that electric current flowing state is along with the rotation of winding and the conversion in the winding, the brush remains throughout with the good butt state of commutator segment under elastic drive spare's drive, the brush yoke is used for restricting the direction of sliding of brush, make the brush move along the slide all the time under elastic drive spare's drive, the brush is worn and torn completely simultaneously, just the condition of inefficacy can appear, the life-span of brush subassembly is longer.

Optionally, the elastic driving part adopts a torsion spring, the end cover is provided with a support column for the torsion spring to be sleeved with, the brush holder is provided with a sliding opening along the sliding way and running through the sliding way, one end of the torsion spring is abutted against the other end of the torsion spring, and the tail part of the electric brush is positioned in the sliding opening.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, elastic drive spare adopts the torsional spring, moreover, the steam generator is simple in structure, the motive force is stable, simultaneously the length of brush can be unanimous with the slide, elastic drive spare can not occupy the space of brush installation, the length of brush can be longer, further improve the life-span, need not be connected the interval between elastic drive spare and the brush simultaneously, through the centre gripping of elastic drive spare and commutator segment and the restriction of brush yoke, can fix the brush, it is more convenient that the brush is changed, the one end of the slip mouth confession elastic drive spare butt brush of seting up slides along the slide, realize that elastic drive spare also can keep the butt to the brush along with the wearing and tearing of brush always.

Optionally, the end cover is provided with a mounting groove, the brush assembly is mounted in the mounting groove, and a wire leading-out port penetrating through the mounting groove is formed in one side of the end cover.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the setting of mounting groove for the brush subassembly of installation on the end cover obtains protecting, is favorable to the installation of brush, increases the thickness of end cover simultaneously, when making the end cover inlay to adorn in the casing, it is more stable, set up the direction in end cover one side and draw forth the mouth, make the wire for the brush power supply can be drawn forth from the motor lateral wall, compare in drawing forth the wire from the motor terminal surface, the form of wire is drawn forth to the side, make the wire can not influence the operation of rotor shaft.

Optionally, a wire clamping assembly is arranged in the end cover, the wire clamping assembly comprises a middle block and clamping blocks located on two sides of the middle block, a wire channel for a wire to enter and exit is formed between the clamping blocks and the middle block, and a port of the wire channel, which is far away from the circumferential direction of the end cover, is set as a wire leading-out port.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, it is fixed to carry out the centre gripping through wire centre gripping subassembly to the wire for the wire obtains better fixed before drawing forth in the casing, and the wire is difficult to drive the brush when receiving outside pulling force, also is difficult to destroy the connection status between wire and the brush, and grip block and middle block carry out the centre gripping to the wire fixed, and simple structure is effective.

Optionally, the shell still including the restriction the end cover in spacing lid in the casing, the confession has been seted up at spacing lid middle part the hole that the rotor shaft passed and install the bearing, the brush yoke deviates from the constant head tank has been seted up to the lateral wall of end cover, spacing covering is provided with the location strip, location strip location install in the constant head tank.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, spacing lid is used for restricting the end cover in the casing for the end cover installation is changed conveniently, and spacing lid trompil and installation bearing supply the rotor shaft to pass, when making the rotor shaft obtain the support, it is rotatory smooth and easy, spacing constant head tank and the cooperation of location strip of covering, it is spacing to carry out circumference to the end cover, make the end cover be difficult to rotate along with the rotor shaft together, keep the relative stillness between end cover and the casing.

Optionally, the rotor further comprises a heat dissipation part, an iron core gap is formed between adjacent windings, the heat dissipation part comprises a mounting ring part, the mounting ring part is provided with a heat dissipation plane perpendicular to the axis of the mounting ring part, the mounting ring part is sleeved outside the rotor shaft, heat dissipation fins are circumferentially arranged on the heat dissipation plane, the side wall of the mounting ring part, which deviates from the heat dissipation plane, is provided with a clamping fixing block, and the clamping fixing block is embedded in the iron core gap.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, set up the radiating piece, improve the heat dissipation of rotor, on the radiating piece was fixed in the iron core through centre gripping fixed block centre gripping, the fin was rotatory under the drive of rotor to the gaseous flow near the drive fin, take out the inside and outside gaseous circulation of casing through gaseous flow, thereby better heat transfer in the casing is gone out, improves the radiating effect of motor.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

the four windings alternately flow currents in different directions and correspond to four alternately changed magnetic fields, so that the directions of driving forces applied to the four windings are kept consistent, when the rotor rotates, under the current reversing action of the commutator segments, the short-circuited windings are changed and still located in the corresponding areas of the magnetic fields, other windings are changed in the same mode, the rotor is always subjected to the four driving forces when rotating, the torque and the force output by the rotor are larger, and the motor keeps a smaller size;

because the interval between the brush components is set at 90 degrees, the No. 3-2 commutator segment is assumed as input current, the No. 2 winding is in short circuit state, the current does not pass any more, the No. 2 winding is right opposite to the side of the magnetic pole and is not subjected to electromagnetic force, the direction of the circuit current transmitted to the No. 2-1 commutator segment by the No. 3-2 commutator segment through the enameled wire is the same, the No. 1 winding and the No. 4 winding are corresponding, so that the current direction on the No. 1 winding and the current direction on the No. 4 winding are consistent, because the No. 1 winding and the No. 4 winding are close to being oppositely arranged, the two magnetic fields correspondingly oppositely arranged are corresponding, because the directions of the two oppositely arranged magnetic fields are consistent, the driving force is further kept to drive to rotate along one direction, the direction of the circuit current transmitted from the No. 3 commutator segment to the No. 2 commutator segment through the enameled wire is the same, and the No. 3 winding corresponds to the No. 3 winding and the No. 5 winding, so that the current direction on the No. 3 winding is consistent with that on the No. 5 winding, because the No. 3 winding and the No. 5 winding are close to being oppositely arranged, the two oppositely arranged magnetic fields correspond to each other, and because the two oppositely arranged magnetic fields are consistent in direction, the driving force is further kept to drive and rotate along one direction, under the same deduction, the rotor rotates for 90 degrees, the same driving direction can also be kept, the mode that one enameled wire is repeatedly wound is more convenient to assemble, the number of electric brushes is less, and four windings can be maintained to be stressed only by two pairs;

two brush subassemblies are as current input end and current output end, when the rotor shaft is rotatory, the brush of two brush subassemblies contacts with different commutator segments, thereby realize that the current flow state is changed along with the rotation of winding in the winding, the brush keeps the good butt state with the commutator segment all the time under the drive of elastic driving piece, the brush holder is used for restricting the sliding direction of brush, make the brush move along the slide all the time under the drive of elastic driving piece, the brush is completely worn out, just the condition that became invalid can appear, the life-span of brush subassembly is longer, the elastic driving piece adopts the torsional spring, moreover, the structure is simple, the driving force is stable, the length of brush can be consistent with the slide simultaneously, the elastic driving piece can not occupy the space of brush installation, the length of brush can be longer, further improve the life-span, simultaneously, need not be connected the interval between elastic driving piece and the brush, through the centre gripping of elastic driving piece and commutator segment and the limiting action of brush holder, can fix the brush, it is more convenient that the brush can be fixed, the brush is changed, the one end that the sliding port that the elastic driving piece offered supplies the elastic driving piece to slide along the slide, realize that the butt of brush also can keep the butt of brush all the abrasion of brush all the electric brush.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a rotor in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a heat sink in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating a winding manner of an enamel wire in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a rotor and an end cover in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of an end cap in an embodiment of the present application.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a housing; 11. a housing; 12. an end cap; 121. mounting grooves; 122. an output aperture; 123. a support column; 13. a limit cover; 131. positioning holes; 132. positioning the opening; 133. a positioning bar; 2. a magnetic pole; 3. a rotor; 31. a rotor shaft; 32. an iron core; 321. a winding; 322. an iron core gap; 33. enamelled wires; 34. a heat sink; 341. a mounting ring portion; 342. a heat dissipation plane; 343. a heat sink; 344. clamping a fixed block; 35. a commutator; 351. a commutator segment; 352. a reversing hook; 353. an insulator; 4. a limiting sleeve; 5. an electric brush assembly; 51. a brush holder; 511. a slideway; 512. a sliding port; 52. an electric brush; 521. a card slot; 53. an elastic driving member; 61. an observation tank; 62. positioning the projection; 63. positioning the notch; 71. a lead-out notch; 72. a middle block; 73. a clamping block; 74. a wire passage; 75. a lead outlet; 76. a limiting bulge; 761. a guide surface; 81. and (6) positioning a groove.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-7.

The embodiment of the application discloses level four motor.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a four-stage motor comprises a shell 1, magnetic poles 2 and a rotor 3, wherein the shell 1 comprises a shell 11 and an end cover 12, the shell 11 is a cylindrical shell 11 with an opening at one end, the opening end of the shell 11 is sealed by the end cover 12, the magnetic poles 2 are installed in the shell 1, each pair of magnetic poles 2 comprises a N-stage magnetic pole and an S-stage magnetic pole, the two pairs of four magnetic poles 2 are alternately arranged on the inner wall of the shell 11 to form the alternate arrangement of the N-stage magnetic pole, the S-stage magnetic pole, the N-stage magnetic pole and the S-stage magnetic pole, a magnetic field is formed between the adjacent magnetic poles 2, and the four magnetic fields are alternately opposite along the circumferential direction of the shell 1.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the rotor 3 is installed in the housing 11 and located between the two pairs of magnetic poles 2, the rotor 3 includes a rotor shaft 31, an iron core 32, an enamel wire 33, a heat sink 34 and a commutator 35, a closed end of the housing 1 is provided with a hole for the output end of the rotor shaft 31 to penetrate through and is provided with a bearing, and the output end of the rotor shaft 31 passes through the inner ring of the bearing in an interference manner, so that the output end of the rotor shaft 31 can rotate while being supported.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the iron core 32 is mounted on the rotor shaft 31 and is provided with five windings 321, the five windings 321 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotor shaft 31 at equal angular intervals, the cross section of each winding 321 is T-shaped, meanwhile, the iron core 32 is composed of a plurality of iron sheets, the iron sheets are integrally composed of five T-shaped thin iron sheets, a hole is formed in the center of each iron sheet, the iron sheets are sleeved outside the rotor shaft 31, the T-shaped thin iron sheets on the iron sheets are mutually overlapped to form the corresponding winding 321, meanwhile, the output end of the rotor shaft 31 is sleeved with a limiting sleeve 4, the limiting sleeve 4 is sleeved in an interference manner, a layer of antirust paint is coated on the end face of the iron core 32, the limiting sleeve 4 and the iron core 32 are coated and fixed, the commutator 35 is mounted on the input end of the rotor shaft 31, and the iron core 32 is clamped through the limiting sleeve 4 and the commutator 35.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the heat sink 34 includes a mounting ring portion 341, the mounting ring portion 341 has a heat dissipation plane 342 perpendicular to an axis thereof, the mounting ring portion 341 is sleeved outside the rotor shaft 31, and heat dissipation fins 343 are circumferentially arranged on the heat dissipation plane 342, a height direction of the heat dissipation fins 343 is perpendicular to the heat dissipation plane 342, a length direction of the heat dissipation fins 343 extends radially along the mounting ring portion 341, a side wall of the mounting ring portion 341 away from the heat dissipation plane 342 is provided with clamping fixing blocks 344, an iron core gap 322 is provided between adjacent windings 321, five clamping fixing blocks 344 are provided, and the five clamping fixing blocks 344 are embedded in the five iron core gaps 322 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

Referring to fig. 3, the commutator 35 is installed at an input end of the rotor shaft 31, the commutator 35 is composed of ten commutator segments 351, the ten commutator segments 351 are fixed to each other by an insulator 353 to form a circular tube and are sleeved on the rotor shaft 31, so that the ten commutator segments 351 are insulated from each other, the insulator 353 may be made of mica, the ten commutator segments 351 are arranged along a circumferential direction of the rotor shaft 31, each winding 321 corresponds to two commutator segments 351, and a commutator hook 352 is integrally provided on one side of each commutator segment 351 close to the winding 321.

Referring to fig. 5, five windings 321 are respectively set as 1,2, 3, 4 and 5, the winding 321 of the number 1 corresponds to the commutator segments 351 of the numbers 1-1 and 1-2, the winding 321 of the number 2 corresponds to the commutator segments 351 of the numbers 2-1 and 2-2, the winding 321 of the number 3 corresponds to the commutator segments 351 of the numbers 3-1 and 3-2, the winding 321 of the number 4 corresponds to the commutator segments 351 of the numbers 4-1 and 4-2, the winding 321 of the number 5 corresponds to the commutator segments 351 of the numbers 5-1 and 5-2, and the number of the commutator hook 352 corresponds to the number of the commutator segment 351.

Referring to fig. 5, the enameled wire 33 is hooked to the No. 3-1 commutating hook 352 at one end, hooked to the No. 5-2 commutating hook 352 around the winding 321 at the other end, wound at least one turn around the No. 5 winding 321, hooked to the No. 5-1 commutating hook 352, hooked to the No. 2 commutating hook 352 around the winding 321, hooked to the No. 2 winding 321 at least one turn, hooked to the No. 2 commutating hook 352 around the winding 321, hooked to the No. 4-1 commutating hook 352 around the winding 321, hooked to the No. 1-2 commutating hook 352 around the winding 321 at least one turn, hooked to the No. 1 commutating hook 352 around the winding 321, wound at least one turn around the No. 3 winding 321, and finally hooked to the No. 3-1 commutating hook 352, and the enameled wire 33 is electrically connected to the commutating hook 352 by breaking the insulating tube outside the enameled wire 33 at the position of the commutating hook 352 except for the end portion directly electrically connected to the commutating hook 352.

Referring to fig. 3, simultaneously, the reversing hook 352 is bent to the end to abut against the reversing sheet 351 after the enameled wire 33 is wound, so that the enameled wire 33 is further surrounded and limited, the outer wall of the reversing hook 352 is further wrapped with a layer of insulation 353, the enameled wire 33 is further fixed, the reversing hook 352 is wrapped and fixed, the enameled wire 33 and the reversing hook 352 are not easy to separate from each other, and the insulation 353 can be insulating glue or plaster.

In this embodiment, the enameled wire 33 is wound on each winding 321 for 17 turns.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the mounting groove 121 has been seted up to the lateral wall that end cover 12 deviates from winding 321 for end cover 12 is for deviating from winding 321 one side open-ended casing 11, and the output hole 122 that supplies rotor shaft 31 input to pass is seted up to the middle part of end cover 12 is coaxial, installs brush subassembly 5 in mounting groove 121, and brush subassembly 5 has two sets ofly, and two sets of brush subassemblies 5 set up along end cover 12 circumference interval 90 degrees, and two sets of brush subassemblies 5 correspond input current and output current.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the brush assembly 5 includes a brush holder 51, a brush 52, and an elastic driving member 53, the brush holder 51 is a square-column housing 11 having both ends penetrating therethrough, a passage inside the brush holder 51 is a slide way 511, a length direction of the slide way 511 is along a radial direction of the end cap 12, the brush 52 is a square-column copper block, the brush 52 is slidably mounted in the slide way 511, and one end of the brush 52 abuts against the commutator piece 351, and the elastic driving member 53 is mounted to the end cap 12 by using a torsion spring and drives the brush 52 to move in the slide way 511 toward an axial direction of the end cap 12.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the elastic driving member 53 is a torsion spring, the end cap 12 is provided with a supporting post 123 for the torsion spring to be sleeved with, the brush holder 51 is provided with a sliding opening 512 along the sliding way 511 and penetrating through the sliding way 511 on one side close to the elastic driving member 53, one end of the torsion spring is inserted into the groove wall of the mounting groove 121 and is limited, the other end of the torsion spring abuts against one end of the brush 52 far away from the commutator bar 351 and is located in the sliding opening 512, the brush 52 is provided with a clamping groove 521 for abutting against the end of the torsion spring, so that the end of the torsion spring is kept to push the brush 52 better.

Referring to fig. 2 and 7, simultaneously, end cover 12 sets up the observation groove 61 that link up mounting groove 121, observation groove 61 has two, two observation grooves 61 correspond two brush assembly 5, end cover 12 is provided with location arch 62 along observation groove 61 in the perisporium that deviates from mounting groove 121, location breach 63 has been seted up to casing 11 opening one end, location breach 63 is gone into to location arch 62 card, realize end cover 12's location installation, observe the existence of groove 61 simultaneously, make brush assembly 5 be in visual state, conveniently observe the wearing and tearing condition of brush 52, two location breach 63 correspond two magnetic poles 2 simultaneously, make two brush assembly 5 correspond and be located two magnetic pole 2 tops.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, a wire leading-out notch 71 penetrating through the mounting groove 121 is formed in one side of the end cover 12, the two observation grooves 61 are symmetrically arranged relative to a connection line between the wire leading-out notch 71 and an axis of the end cover 12, a wire clamping assembly is arranged in the wire leading-out notch 71, the wire clamping assembly comprises a middle block 72 and clamping blocks 73 located on two sides of the middle block 72, a wire channel 74 for leading in and out wires is formed between the clamping blocks 73 and the middle block 72, a port of the wire channel 74 far away from the circumferential direction of the end cover 12 is set as a wire leading-out port 75, a limiting protrusion 76 is arranged on the clamping block 73 in a hanging manner at the position of the wire leading-out port 75, and a guide surface 761 is arranged on a side wall of the limiting protrusion 76 far away from the end cover 12, so that the wires can smoothly slide into the wire channel 74 and can be limited in the wire channel 74 under the limitation of the limiting protrusion 76, and the two wires enter the end cover 12 through the two wire channels 74 and are electrically connected with the two brushes 52 in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the housing 1 further includes a limiting cover 13 for limiting the end cover 12 in the housing 11, a hole for the rotor shaft 31 to pass through is formed in the middle of the limiting cover 13, and a bearing is installed on the limiting cover 13, a positioning groove 81 is formed in a side wall of the brush holder 51 away from the end cover 12, a positioning hole 131 and a positioning hole 132 are formed in the limiting cover 13, a positioning strip 133 is formed between the positioning hole 131 and the positioning hole 132, the positioning strip 133 is installed in the positioning groove 81 in a positioning manner, the opening edge of the housing 11 is inwardly convex, so that the limiting cover 13 is fixed, positioning installation of the limiting cover 13 is realized, and meanwhile, the positioning strip 133 on the limiting cover 13 fixes the brush 52 holder 51, so that the brush 52 holder 51 is installed on the end cover 12 more stably.

The implementation principle of a four-stage motor in the embodiment of the application is as follows: when the No. 3-2 commutator segment is input current, the No. 2-1 commutator segment and the No. 2-2 commutator segment are output current, then the No. 2 winding is in a short circuit state, the current does not pass any more, the No. 2 winding is opposite to the magnetic pole and is not subjected to electromagnetic force, the directions of the circuit currents transmitted to the No. 2-1 commutator segment by the No. 3-2 commutator segment through the enameled wire are the same, the directions of the currents on the No. 1 winding and the No. 4 winding are consistent, the No. 1 winding and the No. 4 winding are close to be oppositely arranged, the directions of the two oppositely arranged magnetic fields are consistent, the driving force is kept to push and rotate along one direction, the directions of the circuits transmitted to the No. 2-2 commutator segment by the enameled wire are the same, the directions of the currents on the No. 3 winding and the No. 5 winding are close to be oppositely arranged, the directions of the two oppositely arranged magnetic fields are consistent, the directions of the 3 winding and the No. 5 winding are close to be oppositely arranged, the two magnetic fields correspondingly arranged are kept to rotate along the same, the directions of the driving force pushes and the winding along one direction, the driving force is kept to rotate along with the corresponding rotation of the rotor, the corresponding current on each commutator segment, and the corresponding commutator segment is kept to be finally changed along with the corresponding to the corresponding magnetic field.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A four-stage motor is characterized in that: the permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises a shell (1), magnetic poles (2), a rotor (3) and at least two groups of brush assemblies (5), wherein two pairs of the magnetic poles (2) are arranged, each pair of the magnetic poles (2) comprises an N-level and an S-level, the two pairs of the magnetic poles (2) are alternately arranged on the inner wall of the shell (1), the rotor (3) is installed in the shell (1) and is positioned between the two pairs of the magnetic poles (2), a magnetic field is formed between the adjacent magnetic poles (2), the rotor (3) comprises a rotor shaft (31), an iron core (32), an enameled wire (33) and a commutator (35), the iron core (32) is installed on the rotor shaft (31) and is provided with five windings (321), the commutator (35) is installed at one end of the rotor shaft (31) and is provided with commutator segments (351) in an insulating manner, the enameled wire (33) is wound on the windings (321) and is in conductive contact with the commutator segments (351) in a certain sequence, and when the five windings (321) rotate, one winding (321) is in a short circuit, the remaining four windings (321) are alternately in opposite current directions and are positioned outside the magnetic field;

the winding mechanism is characterized in that the commutator segment (351) is provided with ten windings (321) which correspond to each other in pairs, each commutator segment (351) is provided with a commutator hook (352), the five windings (321) are respectively set to be No. 1, no. 2, no. 3, no. 4 and No. 5, the No. 1 winding (321) corresponds to No. 1 and No. 1-2 commutator segments (351), the No. 2 winding (321) corresponds to No. 2-1 and No. 2-2 commutator segments (351), the No. 3 winding (321) corresponds to No. 3-1 and No. 3-2 commutator segments (351), the No. 4 winding (321) corresponds to No. 4-1 and No. 4-2 commutator segments (351), the No. 5 winding (321) corresponds to No. 5-1 and No. 5-2 commutator segments (351), the number of the commutator hook (352) corresponds to the number of the commutator segment (351), one end of the enameled wire (33) is hooked to the No. 3-1 commutator hook (352), the other end of the winding (321) is hooked to the winding (5-2 winding (352), the number 5 winding (352) is wound around the winding (321), at least one turn of the No. 2 winding (352), the commutator hook (352) is wound around the number 2 winding (352), and at least one turn of the commutator hook (352) is wound around the commutator hook (352), collude and link 4-1 switching-over hook (352), collude and link 1-2 switching-over hook (352) around winding (321), twine at least the round at winding (321) No. 1, collude and link 1-1 switching-over hook (352), collude and link 3-2 switching-over hook (352) around winding (321), twine at least the round at winding (321) No. 3, collude at last and link in 3-1 switching-over hook (352), just enameled wire (33) with switching-over hook (352) colludes and links position electricity and connect, and two sets of interval 90 degrees settings between brush subassembly (5).

2. A four-stage electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: shell (1) includes casing (11) and end cover (12), the confession has been seted up at end cover (12) middle part delivery port (122) that rotor shaft (31) passed, brush subassembly (5) set up in on end cover (12), brush subassembly (5) have two sets ofly, two sets of brush subassembly (5) are followed end cover (12) circumference interval angle sets up, brush subassembly (5) include brush yoke (51), brush (52) and elastic drive spare (53), brush yoke (51) install in end cover (12) are provided with the confession slide (511) that brush (52) slided the installation, slide (511) orientation the axis direction setting of end cover (12), elastic drive spare (53) install in end cover (12) and drive brush (52) are in towards in slide (511) end cover (12) axis direction motion.

3. A four-stage electric machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: elastic drive spare (53) adopt the torsional spring, be provided with the confession on end cover (12) support column (123) that the torsional spring cover was established, seted up on brush yoke (51) along slide (511) and run through slide (512) of slide (511), the limited other end butt of torsional spring one end brush (52) afterbody is located in slide (512).

4. A four-stage machine according to claim 3, wherein: the electric brush is characterized in that the end cover (12) is provided with a mounting groove (121), the electric brush component (5) is mounted in the mounting groove (121), and a lead leading-out opening (75) penetrating through the mounting groove (121) is formed in one side of the end cover (12).

5. A four-stage machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: the wire clamping device is characterized in that a wire clamping assembly is arranged in the end cover (12), the wire clamping assembly comprises a middle block (72) and clamping blocks (73) located on two sides of the middle block (72), a wire channel (74) for a wire to enter and exit is formed between the clamping blocks (73) and the middle block (72), and a wire outlet (75) is formed in a port, far away from the circumferential direction of the end cover (12), of the wire channel (74).

6. A four-stage electric machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: shell (1) is still including the restriction end cover (12) in spacing lid (13) in casing (11), the confession has been seted up at spacing lid (13) middle part the hole that rotor shaft (31) passed and install the bearing, brush yoke (51) deviate from constant head tank (81) have been seted up to the lateral wall of end cover (12), be provided with location strip (133) on spacing lid (13), location strip (133) location install in constant head tank (81).

7. A four-stage machine according to claim 6, wherein: rotor (3) still include radiating piece (34), and is adjacent iron core clearance (322) have between winding (321), radiating piece (34) are including mounting ring portion (341), mounting ring portion (341) have perpendicular to its axis radiating plane (342), mounting ring portion (341) suit in rotor shaft (31) outside and in radiating plane (342) last circumference has arranged fin (343), mounting ring portion (341) deviate from the lateral wall of radiating plane (342) is provided with centre gripping fixed block (344), centre gripping fixed block (344) inlay and be equipped with in iron core clearance (322).