CN113785696B - Harvesting roller capable of being disassembled and replaced quickly, cotton picking platform and cotton combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick-removable picking roller, a cotton picking table and a cotton combine harvester, wherein the picking roller comprises a shaft body, a picking component and a fixed pressing plate; The installation groove of the unit; corresponding to each installation groove, two recovery components and a fixed pressure plate are installed; the base of each recovery component is respectively restricted by the rib on the shaft body and the fixed pressure plate; the fixed pressure plate can be opposite to Disassemble from the shaft. The quick-removable harvesting roller, cotton picking table and cotton combine harvester of the present invention use the striking force generated by the harvesting component on the harvesting roller when the shaft body rotates to knock down the cotton, cotton boll shells and bolls to achieve all One-time picking and collection of harvestable materials; the quick-release structure on the harvesting roller enables the wearing parts on it to be quickly removed and replaced; the combine harvester also includes a straw crushing and returning device, which realizes the cleaning of straw during harvesting. Complete, to avoid the trouble of post-processing after picking.

Description

A quick-removable picking roller, cotton picking table and cotton combine harvester

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a quick-removable picking roller, a cotton picking table and a cotton combine harvester.

Background technique

The traditional cotton harvester is mainly a horizontal spindle-picking cotton harvester. By picking spindles, the cotton that has been opened is harvested, and the bolls and boll husks are left in the cotton field. Some growers choose to carry out secondary harvesting, and then carry out straw treatment; Most growers directly use straw crushing and returning machines for crushing and returning to the field after one harvest, and the cotton that subsequently blooms and blooms cannot be harvested, resulting in huge losses. Carrying out two harvests increases the cost of harvesting operations. At the same time, many farmers hope to collect bell shells as feed additives for cattle and sheep to increase their income. Directly smashing and returning to the field causes waste, and the secondary harvest increases the cost. There are many harvesting processes, and the economy is poor, which cannot increase the income of farmers. At present, there is no efficient combined operation machine for harvesting cotton, bolls and boll husks at one time and crushing straw.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a quick-removable picking roller, a cotton picking table and a cotton combine harvester that can harvest cotton, bolls and boll shells at one time.

Technical solution: In order to achieve the above purpose, the quick-removable harvesting roller of the present invention includes a shaft body, a harvesting component and a fixed pressing plate;

A plurality of bosses extending along the axial direction are formed on the shaft body, so that a plurality of installation grooves for installing the recovery components are formed in the circumferential direction of the shaft body; each boss Each of the ends facing outward has a sidewall extending to both sides;

The harvesting assembly includes a base and a harvesting unit; the base has a connecting part for connecting the harvesting unit and two limiting parts extending from the root of the connecting part to both sides;

Corresponding to each of the installation grooves, two of the recovery assemblies and one of the fixed pressure plates are installed; the two limit parts of the base of each of the recovery assemblies are respectively supported by the sidewalls and said fixed platen limit;

The fixed pressing plate is detachable relative to the shaft body.

Further, the fixed pressing plate is T-shaped, and has an abutting portion abutting against the bottom of the installation groove and two blocking portions for restricting the limiting portion.

Further, a lateral fixing plate is also included, and the lateral fixing plate is fixed on the end of the shaft body.

Further, two ends of the base are respectively provided with boss portions, and the lateral fixing plate is formed with a shaped hole into which the boss portions are embedded.

Further, the lateral fixing plate has a first round pipe part; the stand outside the harvesting roller has a second round pipe part, and the first round pipe part and the second round pipe part are mutually sleeved combined and able to rotate with each other.

Further, the harvesting unit is a scraper, which is fixed on the base by screws.

A cotton picking table, comprising a plurality of groups of picking monomers and a lateral conveying device for collecting materials picked by all the picking monomers;

Each group of the picking units includes a machine base on which two sets of the above-mentioned harvesting rollers, two crop dividers and two sets of longitudinal conveying devices are symmetrically installed; the crop dividers are used to guide crops. between the two sets of harvesting rollers; the two sets of longitudinal conveying devices are placed on both sides of the two sets of harvesting rollers, and the rear side of the longitudinal conveying device is connected to the transverse conveying device.

Further, the inclination angle of the picking unit relative to the ground is 30°.

A cotton combine harvester, which includes the above-mentioned cotton picking table, and also includes a moving vehicle body, a pneumatic conveying system, a straw crushing and returning device, and a cotton collecting box;

The cotton picking table is installed on the front side of the moving vehicle body, the straw crushing and returning device is installed on the lower side of the moving vehicle body; the cotton collecting box is installed on the rear side of the moving vehicle body; The pneumatic conveying system connects the transverse conveying device and the collecting box.

Further, the cotton collecting box is connected to the moving vehicle body through a dumping device.

Beneficial effects: The quick-removable harvesting roller, cotton picking table and cotton combine harvester of the present invention operate in parallel with the two harvesting rollers, and the impact force generated by the harvesting assembly on the harvesting roller when the shaft body rotates The cotton, cotton boll shells and bolls are shot down to achieve one-time picking and collection of all pickable objects; the quick release structure on the harvesting roller enables the wearing parts on it to be quickly replaced; the combine harvester also includes straw crushing and The field device can be used to clean up the straw during harvesting, with complete functions, avoiding the trouble of post-processing after harvesting.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the side structure diagram of harvesting roller;

Accompanying drawing 2 is the structure diagram of shaft body;

Accompanying drawing 3 is the side structure diagram of the harvesting roller with side fixing plate;

Accompanying drawing 4 is the top structure view of the harvesting roller with lateral fixing plate;

Accompanying drawing 5 is the structural diagram of lateral fixing plate;

Accompanying drawing 6 is the structure diagram of anti-winding device;

Accompanying drawing 7 is the structural drawing of cotton picking platform;

Accompanying drawing 8 is the side view structure diagram of cotton picking table;

Accompanying drawing 9 is the structure diagram of picking monomer (does not include horizontal brush);

Accompanying drawing 10 is the structure diagram of cotton combine harvester;

Accompanying drawing 11 is the structure diagram of straw crushing and returning device;

Accompanying drawing 12 is the combined structure diagram of cotton collecting box and dumping device;

FIG. 13 is a structural diagram of a pick-up roller in another embodiment.

In the figure: 1- harvesting roller; 11- shaft body; 111- boss part; a- flange part; 112- installation groove; 12- harvesting component; 121- base; b- connecting part; c- limit Position part; f-protruding part; 122-harvesting unit; 123-roller; 13-fixed pressure plate; d-abutting part; e-blocking part; 14-lateral fixing plate; 141-type hole; 142-section 1-round pipe part; 2-machine base; 21-second round pipe part; 22-pushing unit; 221-wave profile; 3-transverse conveying device; 31-material conveying trough; 32-two-way auger; 4- Crop divider; 5-longitudinal conveying device; 6-mobile body; 61-cab; 7-pneumatic conveying system; 8-stalk crushing and returning device; 81-device frame; 82-crushing knife roller; Knife; 84-Second Link; 85-Second Adjusting Oil Cylinder; 91-Cotton Box; 92-Dumping Device; 921-Support Frame; 922-Turn Shaft; 923-Lifting Cylinder; A connecting rod; 102- the first adjusting oil cylinder; A- picking single body; A1- power input shaft; A2- coupling; A3- transverse brush.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the quick-removable harvesting roller 1 includes a shaft body 11 , a harvesting assembly 12 and a fixed pressing plate 13 . The harvesting assembly 12 and the fixed pressing plate 13 are both mounted on the shaft body 11 .

The harvesting assembly 12 includes a base 121 and a harvesting unit 122. The harvesting unit 122 is a part that directly acts on the target object. When in use, the shaft body 11 can actively rotate, and the harvesting assembly 12 rotates with the shaft body 11. , and acts on the target objects such as cotton, bolls, and boll shells of cotton and knocks down the target objects. Therefore, the harvesting unit 122 is easy to wear and needs to be replaced frequently. The harvesting unit 122 is installed on the shaft body 11 through the base 121. , the two are fixedly connected by screws, rivets or other fastening methods. When the harvesting unit 122 needs to be replaced, the base 121 needs to be removed from the shaft body 11 . The above-mentioned harvesting unit 122 may be a rubber scraper or a brush or the like.

In order to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the harvesting assembly 12 , as shown in FIG. 2 , the shaft body 11 is formed with three bosses 111 extending along its axial direction, so that three bosses 111 are formed in the circumferential direction of the shaft body 11 . An installation groove 112 for installing the recovery assembly 12; the outward end of each of the bosses 111 has a flange portion a extending to both sides; the base 121 has a side for connecting the recovery The connecting portion b of the unit 122 and the two limiting portions c extending from the root portion of the connecting portion b to both sides; as shown in FIG. The harvesting assembly 12 and one of the fixed pressing plates 13; the two limiting portions c of the base 121 of each of the harvesting assemblies 12 are respectively restricted by the rib portion a and the fixed pressing plate 13; The fixed pressing plate 13 can be disassembled relative to the shaft body 11 .

Preferably, the fixed pressing plate 13 is T-shaped, and has an abutting portion d abutting against the bottom of the mounting groove 112 and two blocking portions e for restricting the limiting portion c. When the fixed pressure plate 13 is installed on the shaft body 11, since the abutting portion d abuts against the bottom of the installation groove 112, the fixed pressure plate 13 is installed more firmly and will not be loose.

Through the above structure, the base 121 of the recovery assembly 12 itself does not need to be installed on the shaft body 11 by fasteners such as screws, and the two recovery assemblies 12 in the same installation groove 112 can be installed on the shaft through a fixed pressing plate 13 . On the body 11, the quick disassembly and assembly of the harvesting unit 12 can be realized. Specifically, when the recovery assembly 12 needs to be disassembled, the fixed pressure plate 13 is first removed, and then the two recovery assemblies 12 corresponding to the fixed pressure plate 13 can be taken out; when a new recovery assembly 12 needs to be installed, it corresponds to the same installation groove 112 , first place the bases 121 of the two harvesting assemblies 12 into the installation grooves 112 respectively, and make a limit portion c of each base 121 embedded in the gap between the rib portion a and the groove bottom, and then Put the fixed pressure plate 13 on, make the two blocking parts e of the fixed pressure plate 13 press against the other limit parts c of the two bases 121 respectively, and finally fix the fixed pressure plate 13 relative to the shaft body 11 . Compared with the solution in which each base 121 is separately fixed on the shaft body 11 by screws, the above operation process is obviously convenient, and the operation efficiency can be improved.

In the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3-4 , the harvesting roller 1 further includes a lateral fixing plate 14 . The lateral fixing plate 14 is fixed on one end of the shaft body 11 , and the lateral fixing plate 14 is The axial position of the base 121 can be restricted so that the base 121 does not move axially.

Preferably, the two ends of the base 121 respectively have protruding parts f. As shown in FIG. 3 , the lateral fixing plate 14 is formed with shaped holes 141 for the protruding parts f to be embedded. With this structure, the radial movement of the harvesting assembly 12 can be effectively prevented, so that the harvesting assembly 12 can effectively fit the shaft body 11 .

Further, as shown in FIG. 5 , the lateral fixing plate 14 has a first circular tube portion 142 ; the stand 2 outside the harvesting roller 1 has a second circular tube portion 21 , as shown in FIG. 6 . As shown, the first circular pipe portion 142 and the second circular pipe portion 21 are sleeved with each other and can rotate with each other. The axial lengths of the first round pipe portion 142 and the second round pipe portion 21 are short, so that the distance between the main body portion of the lateral fixing plate 14 and the machine base 2 is small, and the first round pipe portion 142 and the second round pipe portion 142 are short. The blocking function of the part 21 can prevent foreign objects such as weeds from being entangled on the shaft body 11 during operation.

In the second embodiment, in order to obtain better harvesting effect, as shown in FIG. 13 , each base 121 can slide axially relative to the shaft body 11 ; one end of each base 121 is installed with a roller 123 , a spring is arranged between the other end and the shaft body 11; a pushing unit 22 is fixedly installed on the stand 2 outside the harvesting roller 1, and the pushing unit 22 is cylindrical, and a wave-shaped end surface is formed on one end face thereof. Surface 221, the rollers 123 on each base 121 are always in contact with the wave-shaped surface 221, so that when the shaft 11 rotates, the rollers 123 move up and down along the wave-shaped surface 221, which can push the base 121 in the The axial direction of the shaft body 11 reciprocates and translates upward. In actual use, the harvesting rollers 1 are used in pairs, and the pushing units 22 corresponding to the two harvesting rollers 1 make the bases 121 on the two harvesting rollers 1 perform asymmetrical translational movement. The harvesting unit 122 on the roller 1 that is in contact with the crops will produce relative translation in the axial direction, and the harvesting effect can be further improved in cooperation with the beating action of the harvesting unit 122 on the fruit.

The present invention also provides a cotton picking table, as shown in the accompanying drawings 7-8, which includes multiple groups of picking units A and a transverse conveying device 3 for collecting the materials picked by all the picking units A;

As shown in FIG. 9 , each group of the picking units A includes a machine base 2, and the above-mentioned harvesting rollers 1, two crop dividers 4 and two sets of longitudinal conveying devices 5 are symmetrically installed on the machine base; The crop divider 4 is used to guide crops between the two sets of harvesting rollers 1, the two sets of harvesting rollers 1 are arranged in parallel, the gap between the two is small, and the two sets of harvesting rollers 1, etc. In this way, the harvesting unit 122 can knock down the target objects such as cotton, bolls, and boll husks on the crops when the two rotate; and the rear side of the longitudinal conveying device 5 is connected to the transverse conveying device 3 , and the target object knocked down by the harvesting unit 122 enters the longitudinal conveying device 5 on both sides and is conveyed by the longitudinal conveying device 5 to the transverse conveying device 3 Inside. The above-mentioned longitudinal conveying device 5 is an auger conveying device, and the above-mentioned transverse conveying device 3 includes a material conveying groove 31 and a two-way auger 32 rotatably installed in the material conveying groove. The two-way auger 32 is installed in the material conveying groove 31. There are two sets of spiral parts on the 32 with opposite directions of rotation. When the two-way auger rotates, the two sets of spiral parts transport the materials on both sides of the material conveying slot 31 to the middle of the material conveying slot and output them uniformly.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 8 , the inclination angle of the picking unit A relative to the ground is 30°, which can achieve an angle of about 90° between the cotton stalk plant and the harvesting roller 1 when harvesting, which is beneficial to cotton , boll harvest, and can effectively reduce harvest losses.

Preferably, as shown in FIG. 7 , each picking unit includes a plurality of transverse brushes A3, the bristles of the transverse brushes A3 are arranged horizontally above the harvesting roller 1, and the transverse brush A3 can prevent the harvesting roller 1. The knocked-down materials fly out and fall out of the picking table, causing unnecessary losses. Through the blocking of the transverse brush A3, most of the materials can enter the longitudinal conveying device 5.

Each of the above-mentioned picking units A respectively has a power input shaft A1, and the power input shaft A1 is used to connect the power and transmit the power to the harvesting roller 1 and the longitudinal conveying device 5, between the power input shafts A1 of the adjacent picking units A. It is connected through the coupling A2, and one of the power input shafts A1 is connected to the power source. In this way, all the picking units A are driven by the same power source, which can save driving costs. The row spacing between the picking monomers A can also be adjusted according to the cotton planting row spacing, so that the cotton picking table has good adaptability.

The present invention also provides a cotton combine harvester, as shown in FIG. 10 , which includes the above-mentioned cotton picking table, and also includes a moving vehicle body 6 , a pneumatic conveying system 7 , a straw crushing and returning device 8 and a cotton collecting box 91 . ; The moving vehicle body 6 has a cab 61 .

The cotton picking table is installed on the front side of the moving vehicle body 6 through the suspension device 10, the straw crushing and returning device 8 is installed on the lower side of the moving vehicle body 6; the cotton collecting box 91 is installed at the the rear side of the moving vehicle body 6; the pneumatic conveying system 7 connects the transverse conveying device 3 and the cotton collecting box 91, and is used for conveying the material output from the transverse conveying device 3 to the cotton collecting box 91 by air flow. In order to facilitate pouring out materials, the cotton collecting box 91 is connected to the moving vehicle body 6 through a pouring device 92 .

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10 , the above-mentioned suspension device 10 includes two first connecting rods 101 and a first adjusting oil cylinder 102 , wherein both ends of each first connecting rod 101 are hinged to the moving vehicle body 6 and the On the cotton picking table, the four hinge points on the two first connecting rods 101 form the four corner points of the parallelogram, and the first adjusting cylinder 102 is installed between the moving vehicle body 6 and the cotton picking table. The operation of an adjusting oil cylinder 102 can adjust the height of the suspension device 10 from the ground, and the inclination angle of the picking unit A remains unchanged during adjustment.

As shown in FIG. 11 , the above straw crushing and returning device 8 includes a device frame 81 , a crushing knife roller 82 , and a throwing knife 83 ; a plurality of sets of throwing knives 83 are installed on the crushing knife roller 82 , and the crushing knife roller 82 can be opposite to The device frame body 81 is rotated; the device frame body 81 is installed on the moving vehicle body 6 through a second connecting rod 84 and a second adjusting oil cylinder 85, so that the ground distance of the crushing knife roller 82 can be adjusted by driving the second adjusting oil cylinder 85 , in order to achieve better crushing effect.

The above-mentioned pneumatic conveying system 7 includes a conveying pipe, in which an air flow is input by a high-speed fan to generate negative pressure, and the material picked by the cotton picking table is conveyed to the cotton collecting box 91 through the air flow.

As shown in FIG. 12 , one side of the above-mentioned cotton collecting box 91 is an inclined surface. The dumping device 92 includes a support frame 921 , a turning shaft 922 and a lifting cylinder 923 , and the turning shaft 922 hinges the upper side of the inclined surface of the collecting box 91 . On the support frame 921, the lifting cylinder 923 connects the cotton collecting box 91 and the supporting frame 921, and the cotton collecting box 91 can be controlled to turn over by controlling the lifting cylinder 923, so that the material is poured out along the inclined surface.

The quick-removable harvesting roller, cotton picking table and cotton combine harvester of the present invention operate in parallel when the two harvesting rollers are in use, and the impact force generated by the harvesting assembly on the harvesting roller when the shaft body rotates will separate the cotton, The cotton boll husks and bolls are shot down to achieve one-time picking and collection of all pickable materials; the quick release structure on the harvesting roller enables the wearing parts on it to be quickly removed and replaced; the combine harvester also includes a straw crushing and returning device. The straw can be cleaned when harvesting, and the functions are complete, avoiding the trouble of post-processing after harvesting.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out: for those skilled in the art, under the premise of not departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications are also It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A rapidly removable harvesting roller (1), characterized in that it comprises a shaft body (11), a harvesting assembly (12) and a fixed pressing plate (13); A plurality of bosses (111) extending along the axial direction are formed on the shaft body (11), so that a plurality of bosses (111) for installing the recovery assembly (111) are formed in the circumferential direction of the shaft body (11). 12) the mounting groove (112); the outward end of each boss portion (111) has a sidewall portion (a) extending to both sides; The harvesting assembly (12) includes a base (121) and a harvesting unit (122); the base (121) has a connecting portion (b) for connecting the harvesting unit (122) and a two limiting parts (c) extending from the root of the connecting part (b) to both sides; Corresponding to each of the installation grooves (112), two of the recovery assemblies (12) and one of the fixed pressure plates (13) are installed; the base (12) of each of the recovery assemblies (12) 121) the two limiting parts (c) are respectively limited by the rib part (a) and the fixed pressing plate (13); The fixed pressing plate (13) can be disassembled relative to the shaft body (11). 2. The quickly removable harvesting roller (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, the fixed pressing plate (13) is T-shaped, and has a bottom that abuts against the installation groove (112) The abutting part (d) and two blocking parts (e) for limiting the limiting part (c). 3. The quickly removable harvesting roller (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a lateral fixing plate (14), and the lateral fixing plate (14) is fixed on the shaft body (11). 4. The quickly removable harvesting roller (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that, both ends of the base (121) respectively have protruding parts (f), and the lateral fixing plate (14) is formed with a type hole (141) into which the protruding portion (f) is inserted. 5. The quick-removable harvesting roller (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that, the lateral fixing plate (14) is provided with a first round pipe portion (142); the harvesting roller (1) The external machine base (2) has a second cylindrical portion (21), and the first cylindrical portion (142) and the second cylindrical portion (21) are sleeved with each other and can rotate with each other. 6. The rapidly removable harvesting roller (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, the harvesting unit (122) is a scraper, which is fixed on the base (121) by screws. 7. A cotton picking table, characterized in that it comprises multiple groups of picking monomers and a transverse conveying device (3) for collecting materials picked by all the picking monomers; Each group of the picking units includes a machine base (2), and two sets of harvesting rollers (1) and two crop dividers (2) are symmetrically installed on the machine base. 4) and two sets of longitudinal conveying devices (5); the crop dividers (4) are used to guide crops between the two sets of harvesting rollers (1); the two sets of longitudinal conveying devices (5) are placed Both sides of the two sets of harvesting rollers (1), and the rear side of the longitudinal conveying device (5) is connected to the transverse conveying device (3). 8 . The cotton picking table according to claim 7 , wherein the inclination angle of the picking unit relative to the ground is 30°. 9 . 9. A cotton combine harvester, characterized in that it comprises the cotton picking table according to claim 7, and further comprises a moving vehicle body (6), a pneumatic conveying system (7), and a straw crushing and returning device (8) and the collection box (91); The cotton picking table is installed on the front side of the moving vehicle body (6), and the straw crushing and returning device (8) is installed on the lower side of the moving vehicle body (6); the cotton collecting box (91) ) is installed on the rear side of the moving vehicle body (6); the pneumatic conveying system (7) connects the transverse conveying device (3) and the cotton collecting box (91). 10 . The cotton combine harvester according to claim 9 , wherein the cotton collecting box ( 91 ) is connected to the moving vehicle body ( 6 ) through a dumping device ( 92 ). 11 .

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