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CN113937324A - Fuel cell vehicle air leakage diagnosis method and device - Google Patents

Fuel cell vehicle air leakage diagnosis method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113937324A
CN113937324A CN202111006667.9A CN202111006667A CN113937324A CN 113937324 A CN113937324 A CN 113937324A CN 202111006667 A CN202111006667 A CN 202111006667A CN 113937324 A CN113937324 A CN 113937324A
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China
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell system
air
opening
determining
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CN202111006667.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113937324B (en
Inventor
马义
张剑
王明锐
李学锐
何特立
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Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
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Dongfeng Motor Group Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
    • H01M8/04455—Concentration; Density of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04544—Voltage
    • H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04679—Failure or abnormal function of fuel cell stacks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell vehicle air leakage diagnosis method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring opening data of a back pressure valve of a fuel cell system; judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit or not; the lower dynamic opening limit is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition; if yes, determining that the air pipeline is leaked; and if not, determining that the air pipeline has no leakage. The whole control process of the invention can be implemented based on the existing fuel cell system, no additional hardware such as a bypass valve is needed, the control complexity is lower, and the technical effects of reducing the production cost and improving the diagnosis efficiency are achieved.

Description

Fuel cell vehicle air leakage diagnosis method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicles, in particular to a method and a device for diagnosing air leakage of a fuel cell vehicle.
Background
The fuel cell converts the Gibbs free energy in the chemical energy of the fuel into electric energy through electrochemical reaction, and is not limited by the Carnot cycle effect, so the fuel cell has high heat efficiency. At present, in the field of automobiles, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are most widely applied, and hydrogen and air required by the reaction of the fuel cells respectively enter a gas diffusion layer through the conduction of a cathode flow field and an anode flow field of a bipolar plate. Then enters the catalyst layer through the diffusion layer, and hydrogen is adsorbed by anode catalyst particles and then dissociated into protons and electrons. The protons permeate the proton exchange membrane in the form of hydrated protons to the cathode catalytic layer. The electrons cannot pass through the proton exchange membrane and can only reach the cathode from an external circuit electronic load. At the cathode catalyst layer, oxygen atoms, protons, and electrons electrochemically react with the catalyst to generate water. The fuel cell system comprises a galvanic pile, an air system, a hydrogen system, a cooling system, an electric system and a corresponding control system; wherein, air system provides the required oxygen of reaction for the pile, and air system mainly comprises air compressor machine, flowmeter, back pressure valve etc.. When the fuel cell system carries the whole vehicle, the air system pipeline joint is loosened due to vibration or other reasons in the operation process, the air system leaks, and along with the continuous operation of the whole vehicle, the air leakage amount is larger and larger, so that the performance reduction of the fuel cell system can be caused, even serious faults are caused, and the use of the whole fuel cell vehicle is influenced. In the prior art, an air flow meter is disposed upstream of the compressor and monitors the air flowing into the compressor. Upon assertion of the air leak diagnostic command, the fuel cell stack bypass and back-pressure valves are closed so that no air flows through or around the stack, and the recirculation valve is opened so that air flows around the compressor. Finally, by knowing the leakage through the bypass valve and the back pressure valve, any air flow exceeding those measured by the air flow meter indicates air leakage out of the components of the cathode subsystem, thereby achieving the purpose of detecting air leakage.
Therefore, in the prior art, additional hardware is required for air leakage detection, and the production cost and the diagnosis complexity are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for diagnosing air leakage of a fuel cell vehicle, which do not require additional hardware such as a bypass valve, have lower control complexity, and achieve the technical effects of reducing production cost and improving diagnosis efficiency.
In a first aspect, the present application provides the following technical solutions through an embodiment:
a fuel cell vehicle air leak diagnostic method comprising:
acquiring opening data of a back pressure valve of a fuel cell system; judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit or not; the lower limit of the dynamic opening is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition; if yes, determining that the air pipeline is leaked; and if not, determining that the air pipeline has no leakage.
Optionally, the acquiring the opening data of the back pressure valve of the fuel cell system includes:
sampling the opening of the back pressure valve according to a preset sampling frequency to obtain original data; and acquiring the opening data of the back pressure valve in the current calculation period according to the original data and the current calculation period.
Optionally, the obtaining, according to the original data and the current calculation cycle, opening data of the back pressure valve in the current calculation cycle includes:
and taking the average value of the original data in the current calculation period as the opening data of the back pressure valve in the current calculation period.
Optionally, the value range of the calculation period is 1-5 s.
Optionally, the determining that there is a leak in the air line includes:
judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset opening critical value or not; the opening critical value is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady state working condition and a dynamic working condition; if so, determining that the air pipeline has serious leakage; the serious leakage indicates that the working state of the fuel cell system cannot maintain the normal work of the vehicle; if not, determining that the air pipeline has slight leakage; the slight leakage indicates that the operating state of the fuel cell system can continue to maintain the normal operation of the vehicle.
Optionally, after it is determined that the air pipeline has a leak, a fault type determining step is further included; the fault type judging step comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first stack voltage of the fuel cell system; judging whether the voltage of the first galvanic pile is smaller than a lower voltage limit or not; the lower voltage limit is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition; if so, determining that the fault of the fuel cell system is a first fault type, and determining a fault processing mode based on the air flow and/or air pressure of the fuel cell; the first fault type represents a fault that needs immediate processing; if not, determining that the fault of the fuel cell system is a second fault type; the second fault type represents a fault that does not require immediate processing.
Optionally, the determining a failure handling manner based on the air flow and/or air pressure of the fuel cell system includes:
increasing air flow and/or air pressure into the fuel cell system stack and obtaining a second stack voltage after the increase operation; judging whether the voltage of the second electric pile is smaller than a lower voltage limit or not; if so, determining the fault processing mode to be parking processing; if not, determining that the fault processing mode is to control the vehicle speed of the vehicle to be not more than the preset vehicle speed and/or control the output power of the fuel cell system to be not more than the preset power.
Optionally, the increasing the air flow and/or air pressure into the fuel cell system stack comprises:
the air flow and/or air pressure into the fuel cell system stack is increased in the 15% range.
In a second aspect, based on the same inventive concept, the present application provides the following technical solutions through an embodiment:
a fuel cell vehicle air leak diagnostic device characterized by comprising:
the acquiring module is used for acquiring the opening data of a back pressure valve of the fuel cell system; the judging module is used for judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit or not; the lower limit of the dynamic opening is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition; the first determining module is used for determining that leakage exists in the air pipeline when the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit; and the second determining module is used for determining that the air pipeline has no leakage when the opening data is not less than a preset dynamic opening lower limit.
In a third aspect, based on the same inventive concept, the present application provides the following technical solutions through an embodiment:
a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any of the first aspects.
The air leakage diagnosis method for the fuel cell vehicle, provided by the embodiment of the invention, comprises the steps of obtaining the opening data of a back pressure valve of a fuel cell system; then, judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit or not; the lower dynamic opening limit is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition; if yes, determining that the air pipeline is leaked; and if not, determining that the air pipeline has no leakage. The whole control process of the embodiment of the invention can be implemented based on the existing fuel cell system, hardware such as a bypass valve is not required to be additionally added, the control complexity is lower, and the technical effects of reducing the production cost and improving the diagnosis efficiency are achieved.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a partial structure of a fuel cell vehicle provided in the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart showing a fuel cell vehicle air leakage diagnosis method according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing backpressure valve opening versus air stack pressure provided by a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the stack voltage and the stack current provided by the first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the stack inlet flow and the stack current according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between stack air inlet pressure and stack current provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view showing a first fuel cell vehicle air leakage diagnosis apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The air leakage diagnosis method and device for the fuel cell vehicle, provided by the embodiment of the invention, can be applied to detection and control of the fuel cell vehicle. Referring to fig. 1, a fuel cell vehicle generally includes: fuel cell system 20, boost DC/DC21, power distribution box 22, power battery 23, and drive motor 24. More specifically, the method and apparatus for diagnosing air leakage of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present embodiment can be applied to detect and control the fuel cell system 20, where the fuel cell system 20 is a main power supply device of the entire vehicle, and the fuel cell system 20 may include: air system, hydrogen system, cooling system, galvanic pile 100, controller 200.
The air system mainly includes: the system comprises an air flow meter 10, an air compressor 11, an intercooler 12, an air inlet stack temperature and pressure sensor 13, an air outlet stack temperature and pressure sensor 14, a back pressure valve 15 and a pressure release valve 16. The main air flow direction of the air system is as follows: the system comprises an air flow meter 10, an air compressor 11, an intercooler 12, an air inlet stack temperature and pressure sensor 13, a galvanic pile 100, an air outlet stack temperature and pressure sensor 14 and a back pressure valve 15. When the pressure relief valve 16 is opened, a part of air flows out of the branch of the pressure relief valve, is mixed with air in the branch of the backpressure valve 15 and is exhausted. The air flow meter 10 functions to sense the air flow and feed the air flow value back to the controller 200 for closed loop control of the air flow. The air compressor 11 provides the required air flow and pressure for the stack 100, and the air compressor 11 and the backpressure valve 15 jointly act to realize real-time adjustment of the air flow and the pressure. When the redundant air needs to be bypassed, the pressure relief valve 16 is opened to perform pressure relief and flow relief, the air inlet temperature and pressure sensor 13 is used for detecting the temperature and pressure of the air inlet stack, and the air outlet temperature and pressure sensor 14 is used for detecting the temperature and pressure downstream of the backpressure valve 15. The hydrogen system provides hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 100 to meet its flow and pressure requirements. The cooling system removes heat generated by the fuel cell stack 100 to ensure that the stack 100 operates within a normal temperature range. The electric pile 100 realizes the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen and outputs electric energy, and simultaneously feeds back a single-chip voltage value and electric pile impedance to the controller 200, and the controller 200 carries out system regulation and protection according to the single-chip voltage of the electric pile 100.
The boost DC/DC21 is mainly used to boost and stabilize the electric energy generated by the fuel cell system 20 and output the electric energy to the vehicle, such as the power battery 23, the driving motor 24, the vehicle accessories and the electric devices attached to the fuel cell system 20. The power battery 23 may serve as an auxiliary power source, and is primarily used in conjunction with the fuel cell system 20 to provide electrical power to the drive motor 24 and other accessories. Electrical power may be provided to the fuel cell system 20 accessories during start-up and shut-down of the fuel cell system 20.
The driving motor 24 drives the whole vehicle to run by using electric energy, and energy recovery can be carried out during the downhill and braking of the whole vehicle.
First embodiment
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a method for diagnosing air leakage of a fuel cell vehicle according to the present embodiment, which specifically includes the following steps:
step S10: opening data of a back pressure valve of a fuel cell system is acquired.
In step S10, the opening data of the back pressure valve may be obtained by changing the angle of the back pressure valve. In some implementations, the following manner is provided to acquire the opening degree data. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
first, the opening of the back pressure valve may be sampled at a preset sampling frequency to obtain raw data. The sampling frequency is, for example, 1Hz, 10Hz, 30Hz, 60Hz, etc., without limitation. The directly sampled data is the raw data. Then, a calculation period can be configured, and each calculation period calculates the opening data once according to the original data to realize the optimization processing of the original data. That is, the opening data of the back pressure valve in the current calculation period can be obtained according to the original data and the current calculation period; for example, when the opening data of the current period is to be acquired, all the raw data in the current calculation period may be subjected to an average value processing, and the obtained average value may be used as the opening data of the back pressure valve in the current calculation period. In addition, the original data can be screened before the mean value processing is carried out, and distortion data in the original data can be screened out; for example, the jump value in the original data is filtered out, and a target data is considered as a jump value if the deviation of the target data from the previous data and the next data is more than 1 time. The opening data obtained by optimizing the original data improves the accuracy of the opening data.
The prepared calculation period can be not more than 20s, and preferably can be determined to be 1-5 s, so that the obtained opening data has high accuracy and reliability. When the calculation period is less than 1s, the period of the acquired original data is short, abnormal data cannot be effectively smoothed, and the accuracy of the opening data is reduced; when the calculation period is more than 5s, it is difficult to ensure quick feedback of the air leakage condition of the fuel cell system.
Step S20: judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit or not; and the lower limit of the dynamic opening is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition.
In step S20, the dynamic opening lower limit may be determined by a table calibration. Moreover, through the calibration of the rack, a mapping relation table of the upper limit of the dynamic opening, the lower limit of the dynamic opening and the critical value of the opening of the back pressure valve of the fuel cell system and the stack inlet pressure of air under different stack currents and different working conditions can be obtained. Furthermore, in the embodiment, the opening degree of the back pressure valve can be determined to be closely related to the leakage of the air pipeline by performing bench calibration on the back pressure valve, so that different severity degrees of the air leakage are calibrated, and finally, a relation graph of the opening degree of the back pressure valve and the air inlet pressure can be obtained, as shown in fig. 3. The interval formed by the upper limit of the dynamic opening and the lower limit of the dynamic opening represents the opening range of the back pressure valve in the normal working process of the fuel cell system; the minimum opening degree indicates the minimum value that the back pressure valve opening degree can reach. When there is no leakage in the air line, the opening of the back pressure valve is as shown in the steady state opening value curve of fig. 3.
Furthermore, in the embodiment, the leakage condition of the air pipeline is judged by opening data of the backpressure valve, the hardware structure of the fuel cell system is not required to be added, and meanwhile, the judgment logic is simpler, the complexity is low, and the consumed computing resources are less.
Step S31: and if not, determining that the air pipeline has no leakage.
In step S31, that is, when the opening data is not less than the preset dynamic opening lower limit, it indicates that the air line of the fuel cell system is normal and there is no leakage in the air line. In this case, the opening degree of the back pressure valve can be continuously detected without performing any trouble processing.
Step S32: if yes, determining that the air pipeline is leaked;
in step S32, that is, when the opening data is smaller than the preset dynamic opening lower limit, it indicates that there is a leak in the air line of the fuel cell system. At this time, emergency treatment or failure treatment may be performed.
Further, in the present embodiment, the severity of the leakage of the air line may be identified through the following diagnosis process, that is, the leakage of the air line is determined, which includes the following specific implementation manners:
firstly, judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset opening critical value or not; the opening critical value is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady state working condition and a dynamic working condition. The opening threshold value is a threshold value that can ensure that the fuel cell system outputs sufficient power to maintain the normal operation of the vehicle in the event of leakage of the air line.
When the judgment result is that the opening data is smaller than the opening critical value, determining that the air pipeline has serious leakage; a severe leak indicates that the operating state of the fuel cell system cannot maintain the normal operation of the vehicle. When the judgment result is that the opening data is not smaller than the opening critical value, determining that the air pipeline has slight leakage; a slight leak indicates that the operating state of the fuel cell system can continue to maintain normal operation of the vehicle. The two cases of serious leakage and slight leakage can be output through different prompt messages to prompt a driver.
In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the judgment and emergency treatment of the fault by the driver, the following fault type diagnosis process is also configured for performing emergency fault treatment to ensure driving safety.
A fault type judging step may be further provided after step S32; the fault type judging step comprises the following steps:
step S101: a first stack voltage of the fuel cell system is obtained.
In step S101, the first stack voltage may be read from a controller of the fuel cell system.
Step S102: judging whether the voltage of the first galvanic pile is smaller than a lower voltage limit or not; the lower voltage limit is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition.
In step S102, the lower voltage limit is the lowest voltage at which the vehicle operation is maintained. In a fuel cell system, there is a correlation between stack voltage and stack current, i.e., a stack polarization curve, as shown in fig. 4. When the fuel cell vehicle normally operates, the current of the electric pile is maintained between I1 and I2, the voltage of the electric pile is between V1 and V2, and the interval is the normal operation interval of the electric pile. When air entering the fuel cell system into the stack leaks, the voltage of the stack drops even below the lower voltage limit (i.e. I0 current corresponds to voltage). In this embodiment, calibration can be performed by using the rack to obtain the upper voltage limit of the galvanic pile and the lower voltage limit of the galvanic pile at different galvanic pile currents and different cooling liquid temperatures. When the air line is leak-free, the stack voltage changes as a steady-state voltage curve as shown in fig. 4.
Step S103: if so, determining that the fault of the fuel cell system is a first fault type, and determining a fault processing mode based on the air flow and/or air pressure of the fuel cell; the first fault type represents a fault that needs immediate processing.
In step S103, if the first stack voltage is less than the lower voltage limit, it indicates that the voltage provided by the fuel cell vehicle is insufficient to maintain the normal operation of the vehicle, and at this time, it may be determined that the leakage of the air line has resulted in a more serious failure of the fuel cell system, i.e., the first failure type, and further processing measures are required. Further, in the present embodiment, it can be determined through analysis that, in the fuel cell system, the greater the stack current, the greater the air inlet pressure; when the current of the electric pile is larger than a certain value, the air pressure is basically unchanged, as shown in figure 5; meanwhile, the larger the current of the stack is, the larger the air inlet flow is, as shown in fig. 6. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the failure handling manner may be determined based on the air flow rate and/or air pressure of the fuel cell; specific reference may be made to the following embodiments:
first, the air flow rate and/or air pressure into the fuel cell system stack is increased, and the increased second stack voltage is obtained. When the air flow rate is increased, only the air pressure may be increased, or both the air flow rate and the air pressure may be increased. When increasing the air flow and/or air pressure, the increase may be in the range of 15% relative to the current value. Preferably, the upper limit of the increase range may be determined to be 8% to 12%, for example, the upper limit of the range may be 9%, 10%, 11%, etc., so that the safety of the stack may be ensured. Meanwhile, the problem that serious air leakage faults cannot be identified due to too large increase amount is avoided, and the problem that emergency temporary treatment on air leakage conditions cannot be realized due to too small increase amount is also avoided. The second stack voltage may be provided by a controller of the fuel cell system. Then, judging whether the voltage of the second electric pile is smaller than the lower voltage limit or not; when the voltage of the second electric pile is lower than the lower limit of the voltage, the fuel cell system is not enough to meet the normal power requirement of the vehicle after temporary treatment measures, and the fault treatment mode can be determined to be parking treatment; when the voltage of the second electric pile is not less than the lower limit of the voltage, the fuel cell system can meet the normal power requirement of the vehicle through temporary treatment measures, and the vehicle does not need to be stopped immediately. At this time, it may be determined that the failure handling manner is to control the vehicle speed of the vehicle to be not more than a preset vehicle speed, and/or to control the output power of the fuel cell system to be not more than a preset power.
When increasing the air flow and/or air pressure, one may now be added in a sequential order, and then the other. For example, increasing the air flow rate and then increasing the air pressure; air pressure may be increased prior to increasing air flow; this avoids a too rapid rise in the workload of the relevant components. In addition, the designated value may be increased stepwise, or may be increased once, as the air flow and/or air pressure is increased.
The upper limit of the increase range of 15% is taken as an example:
1. when the air flow and air pressure are increased stepwise in the order of succession: the air flow can be increased according to the step length of 5%, then the second galvanic pile voltage is obtained, and whether the second galvanic pile voltage is smaller than the lower voltage limit or not is judged. And if the second electric pile voltage is smaller than the lower voltage limit, continuing to increase the air flow by 5 percent, and judging whether the second electric pile voltage is smaller than the lower voltage limit or not until the increased air flow reaches the upper range limit of 15 percent. If the air flow is increased to 15%, the second stack voltage cannot be smaller than the lower voltage limit, the air pressure is continuously increased according to the step length of 5% until the second stack voltage is not smaller than the lower voltage limit, or the air pressure is increased to 15% and then the air pressure is increased. Finally, if the voltage of the second electric pile is still smaller than the lower voltage limit, the air leakage is serious, a temporary treatment measure cannot be adopted to enable the fuel cell system to provide the voltage meeting the working requirement of the vehicle, and the fault treatment mode can be determined to be parking treatment; if the second electric pile voltage is not less than the lower voltage limit, the temporary treatment measures are adopted to effectively enable the fuel cell to temporarily meet the voltage required by the operation of the vehicle; at this time, the vehicle speed of the vehicle can be controlled not to be greater than the preset vehicle speed, and/or the output power of the fuel cell system is controlled not to be greater than the preset power, so that the fuel cell system can continuously and stably provide the power required by the vehicle to run under the condition of air leakage. The problem that the fuel cell system cannot provide large power when the vehicle speed is too high is avoided, and the problem that the air pipeline is overloaded due to overhigh output power of the fuel cell system is also avoided. The preset vehicle speed may be determined according to actual tests, and may be, for example, 30km/h, 40km/h, 60km/h, etc., and the preset power may be 40%, 45%, 50%, etc., of the maximum power of the thermopile. In this example, the step size can be a fixed value, or can be a variable value, for example, the step size can be 3%, 5%, 6%, etc.; an initial step size (e.g., 6%) may also be set and then stepped down.
2. When the air flow and air pressure are increased at once in the order of succession: the air flow rate may be increased to an upper limit of 15% first, then the second stack voltage is acquired, and it is determined whether the second stack voltage is less than a lower voltage limit. If the second electric pile voltage is smaller than the lower voltage limit, the upper limit is increased by 15% for the air pressure, and then whether the second electric pile voltage is smaller than the lower voltage limit is judged. Finally, if the voltage of the second electric pile is still smaller than the lower voltage limit, the air leakage is serious, a temporary treatment measure cannot be adopted to enable the fuel cell system to provide the voltage meeting the working requirement of the vehicle, and the fault treatment mode can be determined to be parking treatment; if the second electric pile voltage is not less than the lower voltage limit, the temporary treatment measures are adopted to effectively enable the fuel cell to temporarily meet the voltage required by the operation of the vehicle; at this time, the vehicle speed of the vehicle can be controlled not to be greater than the preset vehicle speed, and/or the output power of the fuel cell system is controlled not to be greater than the preset power, so that the fuel cell system can continuously and stably provide the power required by the vehicle to run under the condition of air leakage. The control logic is simpler in the increasing mode, the complexity is reduced, and the temporary processing efficiency of the fuel cell system is higher.
3. When the air flow and air pressure are increased stepwise at the same time: the air flow and the air pressure can be increased simultaneously according to the step length of 5%, then the second galvanic pile voltage is obtained, and whether the second galvanic pile voltage is smaller than the lower voltage limit or not is judged. And if the second cell stack voltage is smaller than the lower voltage limit, continuing to increase the air flow and the air pressure by 5 percent, and judging whether the second cell stack voltage is smaller than the lower voltage limit or not until the increased air flow and air pressure reaches the upper limit of 15 percent or the second cell stack voltage is not smaller than the lower voltage limit. Finally, if the voltage of the second electric pile is still smaller than the lower voltage limit, the air leakage is serious, a temporary treatment measure cannot be adopted to enable the fuel cell system to provide the voltage meeting the working requirement of the vehicle, and the fault treatment mode can be determined to be parking treatment; if the second electric pile voltage is not less than the lower voltage limit, the temporary treatment measures are adopted to effectively enable the fuel cell to temporarily meet the voltage required by the operation of the vehicle; at this time, the vehicle speed of the vehicle can be controlled not to be greater than the preset vehicle speed, and/or the output power of the fuel cell system is controlled not to be greater than the preset power, so that the fuel cell system can continuously and stably provide the power required by the vehicle to run under the condition of air leakage. The control mode can ensure balance between air pressure and air flow and guarantee system stability.
4. When simultaneously increasing the air flow and air pressure once: the air flow and air pressure may be simultaneously increased to 15% of the upper limit, and then the second stack voltage is acquired and it is determined whether the second stack voltage is less than the lower voltage limit. Finally, if the voltage of the second electric pile is still smaller than the lower voltage limit, the air leakage is serious, a temporary treatment measure cannot be adopted to enable the fuel cell system to provide the voltage meeting the working requirement of the vehicle, and the fault treatment mode can be determined to be parking treatment; if the second electric pile voltage is not less than the lower voltage limit, the temporary treatment measures are adopted to effectively enable the fuel cell to temporarily meet the voltage required by the operation of the vehicle; at this time, the vehicle speed of the vehicle can be controlled not to be greater than the preset vehicle speed, and/or the output power of the fuel cell system is controlled not to be greater than the preset power, so that the fuel cell system can continuously and stably provide the power required by the vehicle to run under the condition of air leakage. The control efficiency is high, and quick response can be realized.
Step S104: if not, determining that the fault of the fuel cell system is a second fault type; the second fault type represents a fault that does not require immediate processing.
In step S104, if the first stack voltage is not less than the lower voltage limit, it indicates that the fuel cell can also provide a voltage for normal operation of the vehicle, and the leakage of the air line causes only a slight failure of the fuel cell system, i.e., a second failure type. At this time, a warning message may be generated to warn the driver of a slight failure of the fuel cell system, but immediate processing is not required.
In this embodiment, after the fault that air leakage occurs is determined, whether the fault can be temporarily remedied to determine the severity of the fault is further performed, and after the temporary remedy, the driving safety can be further improved, meanwhile, different countermeasures are provided for a user, and the efficiency of the whole fault processing flow is improved
In the air leakage diagnosis method for the fuel cell vehicle provided in the embodiment, opening data of a back pressure valve of a fuel cell system is acquired; then, judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit or not; the lower dynamic opening limit is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition; if yes, determining that the air pipeline is leaked; and if not, determining that the air pipeline has no leakage. The whole control process of the embodiment can be implemented based on the existing fuel cell system, hardware such as a bypass valve does not need to be additionally added, the control complexity is lower, and the technical effects of reducing the production cost and improving the diagnosis efficiency are achieved.
Second embodiment
Referring to fig. 7, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell vehicle air leakage diagnostic apparatus 300 based on the same inventive concept. The fuel cell vehicle air leakage diagnostic apparatus 300 includes:
an obtaining module 301, configured to obtain opening data of a back pressure valve of a fuel cell system; a judging module 302, configured to judge whether the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit; the lower limit of the dynamic opening is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition; the first determining module 303 is configured to determine that leakage exists in the air pipeline when the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit; a second determination module 304, configured to determine that the air line has no leakage when the opening data is not less than a preset dynamic opening lower limit.
As an optional implementation manner, the obtaining module 301 is specifically configured to:
sampling the opening of the back pressure valve according to a preset sampling frequency to obtain original data; and acquiring the opening data of the back pressure valve in the current calculation period according to the original data and the current calculation period.
As an optional implementation manner, the obtaining module 301, is further specifically configured to:
and taking the average value of the original data in the current calculation period as the opening data of the back pressure valve in the current calculation period.
As an optional implementation mode, the value range of the calculation period is 1-5 s.
As an optional implementation manner, the first determining module 303 is specifically configured to:
judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset opening critical value or not; the opening critical value is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady state working condition and a dynamic working condition; if so, determining that the air pipeline has serious leakage; the serious leakage indicates that the working state of the fuel cell system cannot maintain the normal work of the vehicle; if not, determining that the air pipeline has slight leakage; the slight leakage indicates that the operating state of the fuel cell system can continue to maintain the normal operation of the vehicle.
As an optional implementation manner, the system further includes a fault determining module, configured to perform fault type determination after it is determined that the air pipeline has a leak; the method is specifically used for:
acquiring a first stack voltage of the fuel cell system; judging whether the voltage of the first galvanic pile is smaller than a lower voltage limit or not; the lower voltage limit is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition; if so, determining that the fault of the fuel cell system is a first fault type, and determining a fault processing mode based on the air flow and/or air pressure of the fuel cell; the first fault type represents a fault that needs immediate processing; if not, determining that the fault of the fuel cell system is a second fault type; the second fault type represents a fault that does not require immediate processing.
As an optional implementation manner, the fault determining module is further specifically configured to:
increasing air flow and/or air pressure into the fuel cell system stack and obtaining a second stack voltage after the increase operation; judging whether the voltage of the second electric pile is smaller than a lower voltage limit or not; if so, determining the fault processing mode to be parking processing; if not, determining that the fault processing mode is to control the vehicle speed of the vehicle to be not more than the preset vehicle speed and/or control the output power of the fuel cell system to be not more than the preset power.
As an optional implementation manner, the fault determining module is further specifically configured to:
the air flow and/or air pressure into the fuel cell system stack is increased in the 15% range.
It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell vehicle air leakage diagnosis apparatus 300, which is implemented and produces the same technical effects as the foregoing method embodiments, and for the sake of brief description, reference may be made to the corresponding contents in the foregoing method embodiments without reference to the apparatus embodiments.
Third embodiment
Based on the same inventive concept, the third embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps of the method according to any one of the above-mentioned first aspects.
It should be noted that, when the program is executed by the processor, the specific implementation and the technical effect of each step in the computer-readable storage medium provided by the embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the foregoing method embodiment, and for the sake of brief description, reference may be made to corresponding contents in the foregoing method embodiment for nothing in this embodiment.
The term "and/or" appearing herein is merely one type of associative relationship that describes an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship; the word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The usage of the words first, second and third, etcetera do not indicate any ordering. These words may be interpreted as names.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell vehicle air leak diagnosis method characterized by comprising:
acquiring opening data of a back pressure valve of a fuel cell system;
judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit or not; the lower limit of the dynamic opening is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition;
if yes, determining that the air pipeline is leaked;
and if not, determining that the air pipeline has no leakage.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining data of an opening degree of a back pressure valve of the fuel cell system comprises:
sampling the opening of the back pressure valve according to a preset sampling frequency to obtain original data;
and acquiring the opening data of the back pressure valve in the current calculation period according to the original data and the current calculation period.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein obtaining the opening data of the back pressure valve in the current calculation period based on the raw data and the current calculation period comprises:
and taking the average value of the original data in the current calculation period as the opening data of the back pressure valve in the current calculation period.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the calculation period is in a range of 1-5 s.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining that there is a leak in the air line comprises:
judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset opening critical value or not; the opening critical value is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady state working condition and a dynamic working condition;
if so, determining that the air pipeline has serious leakage; the serious leakage indicates that the working state of the fuel cell system cannot maintain the normal work of the vehicle;
if not, determining that the air pipeline has slight leakage; the slight leakage indicates that the operating state of the fuel cell system can continue to maintain the normal operation of the vehicle.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of determining a fault type after determining that the air line has a leak; the fault type judging step comprises the following steps:
acquiring a first stack voltage of the fuel cell system;
judging whether the voltage of the first galvanic pile is smaller than a lower voltage limit or not; the lower voltage limit is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition;
if so, determining that the fault of the fuel cell system is a first fault type, and determining a fault processing mode based on the air flow and/or air pressure of the fuel cell; the first fault type represents a fault that needs immediate processing;
if not, determining that the fault of the fuel cell system is a second fault type; the second fault type represents a fault that does not require immediate processing.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining a failure handling mode based on air flow and/or air pressure of the fuel cell system comprises:
increasing air flow and/or air pressure into the fuel cell system stack and obtaining a second stack voltage after the increase operation;
judging whether the voltage of the second electric pile is smaller than a lower voltage limit or not;
if so, determining the fault processing mode to be parking processing;
if not, determining that the fault processing mode is to control the vehicle speed of the vehicle to be not more than the preset vehicle speed and/or control the output power of the fuel cell system to be not more than the preset power.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein increasing the air flow and/or air pressure into the fuel cell system stack comprises:
the air flow and/or air pressure into the fuel cell system stack is increased in the 15% range.
9. A fuel cell vehicle air leak diagnostic device characterized by comprising:
the acquiring module is used for acquiring the opening data of a back pressure valve of the fuel cell system;
the judging module is used for judging whether the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit or not; the lower limit of the dynamic opening is a value calibrated by the fuel cell system under a steady-state working condition and a dynamic working condition;
the first determining module is used for determining that leakage exists in the air pipeline when the opening data is smaller than a preset dynamic opening lower limit;
and the second determining module is used for determining that the air pipeline has no leakage when the opening data is not less than a preset dynamic opening lower limit.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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