CN1295896C - Space quantum communication unit using atom light filter - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种使用原子滤光器的空间量子通信装置，属量子通信领域，该装置由由分束器(2)、两个λ/2波片(3和10)、λ/4波片(4)、两个偏振分束器(5和11)、两个原子滤光器(6和12)、两个光耦合器(7和13)、两根光纤(8和14)、两个单光子探测器(9和15)组成，主要特征是使用超窄线宽原子滤光器替代现有量子通信装置中使用的干涉滤光片。其优点在于：由于原子滤光器工作带宽比干涉滤光片的工作带宽约窄3个数量级，且其具有10-5的本底光噪声抑制比，因此，可以使空间量子密码通信系统降低由于背景噪声引起的误码率2—3个数量级，增加空间量子密码通信的距离，本发明可在阳光或月光等背景光辐射下正常工作。
The invention discloses a space quantum communication device using an atomic filter, which belongs to the field of quantum communication. The device consists of a beam splitter (2), two λ/2 wave plates (3 and 10), a λ/4 wave plate plate (4), two polarizing beam splitters (5 and 11), two atomic filters (6 and 12), two optical couplers (7 and 13), two optical fibers (8 and 14), two Single photon detectors (9 and 15), the main feature is the use of ultra-narrow linewidth atomic filters to replace the interference filters used in existing quantum communication devices. Its advantages are: since the working bandwidth of the atomic optical filter is about 3 orders of magnitude narrower than that of the interference optical filter, and it has a background optical noise suppression ratio of 10 -5 , therefore, the space quantum cryptography communication system can be reduced due to The bit error rate caused by background noise is 2-3 orders of magnitude, and the distance of space quantum cryptography communication is increased. The invention can work normally under background light radiation such as sunlight or moonlight.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及量子通信，更具体涉及使用原子滤光器的空间量子通信装置。The present invention relates to quantum communication, and more particularly relates to a space quantum communication device using an atomic optical filter.
背景技术：Background technique:
密码通信是一种能让通信双方在绝密状态下交换消息的信息传送方式。许多国家都非常重视密码通信的研究。现今，密码已是政府、银行、公司和私人保护等信息交换的保障。随着网络、电子商务的推广，保密系统的安全性显得尤为重要。计算机的飞速发展却使得破译密码的手段越来越高明，经典密码术越来越显现出它的局限性。量子密码术是一门崛起的新兴技术，其传输的安全性基于量子力学的海森伯格(Heisenberg)测不准原理。量子密码通信无疑在这一领域开辟了一个崭新的天地。而且，其近期迅猛的发展和广阔的应用前景倍受瞩目。Cryptographic communication is a method of information transmission that allows two parties to communicate to exchange messages in a top-secret state. Many countries attach great importance to the research of cipher communication. Today, passwords are used to secure the exchange of information between governments, banks, corporations, and private individuals. With the promotion of network and e-commerce, the security of confidentiality system is particularly important. The rapid development of computers has made the means of deciphering codes more and more sophisticated, and classical cryptography has increasingly shown its limitations. Quantum cryptography is a rising emerging technology, and its transmission security is based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics. Quantum cryptography communication has undoubtedly opened up a brand new world in this field. Moreover, its recent rapid development and broad application prospects have attracted much attention.
量子密码通信是使用光子状态作为信息的传送载体。自由空间通信中，大气层在光学波段是无双折射的，这使得光子的偏振状态可以在其中保真传送。存在两大有待解决的问题是：1)单光子传送媒介的起伏；2)在强的背景光下的单光子探测问题。基于光子偏振编码的量子密码通信，通常使用窄带宽干涉滤光片或者光纤空间滤光方法滤除背景光噪声进行实验演示，可以使上述问题得以部分解决，在晚上或者白天工作。Quantum cryptography communication uses the photon state as the carrier of information transmission. In free-space communication, the atmosphere is non-birefringent at optical wavelengths, which allows the polarization state of photons to be transmitted fidelity in it. There are two major problems to be solved: 1) fluctuation of single photon transmission medium; 2) single photon detection under strong background light. Quantum cryptography communication based on photonic polarization coding usually uses narrow-bandwidth interference filters or optical fiber spatial filtering methods to filter out background light noise for experimental demonstrations, which can partially solve the above problems and work at night or during the day.
2002年10月，在德、奥边境月光下成功地传输了量子密钥，原码传输率为1.5-2kHz，误码率5％，距离达到23.4公里。这是迄今为止所报导的自由空间密钥传送的最远距离，也表明了量子通信实用化的可能性。In October 2002, the quantum key was successfully transmitted under the moonlight on the border between Germany and Austria. The original code transmission rate was 1.5-2kHz, the bit error rate was 5%, and the distance reached 23.4 kilometers. This is the longest distance of free-space key transmission reported so far, and it also shows the practical possibility of quantum communication.
自由空间量子密码通信的前景在于通过近地卫星进行地对星、星对星的安全密码传送和建立全球密码传送的空间网络。现今的技术已经可以达到在27db传输损失的成功传送。如果提高接收效率，减少背景光噪声，信道可以承受33db的损失，使得对500-1000公里近地卫星的密码传送成为可能。The prospect of free-space quantum cryptography communication lies in the secure cryptographic transmission of ground-to-satellite and star-to-satellite through near-Earth satellites and the establishment of a space network for global cryptographic transmission. Today's technology can already achieve successful transmission at 27db transmission loss. If the receiving efficiency is improved and background light noise is reduced, the channel can withstand a loss of 33db, making it possible to transmit codes to 500-1000 kilometers near-earth satellites.
现有的量子通信装置是在随机编码序列脉冲单光子束入射到分束器前，先通过干涉滤光片滤光，之后不再滤光，其不足之处在于，由于常用干涉滤光片的工作带宽较宽，本底光噪声抑制比较低，因此，产生较高的误码率。The existing quantum communication device filters the light through the interference filter before the random code sequence pulsed single photon beam enters the beam splitter, and then no longer filters the light. The disadvantage is that due to the The working bandwidth is wider, and the background optical noise suppression ratio is lower, so a higher bit error rate is generated.
原子滤光的方法具有高透射，超窄滤光带宽，大角度接收，响应速度快，工作频率在一定范围内可调谐等特点。因此，被广泛应用于激光通讯，激光雷达和高速光调制等领域。大气激光通信实验通常是在光功率为mW/cm2或者μW/cm2量级的较强入射激光情况下进行的，而量子保密通信需要在单光子水平条件下对信号进行保真传送。The atomic filter method has the characteristics of high transmission, ultra-narrow filter bandwidth, wide-angle reception, fast response, and tunable operating frequency within a certain range. Therefore, it is widely used in laser communication, laser radar and high-speed optical modulation and other fields. Atmospheric laser communication experiments are usually carried out under the condition of strong incident laser light with optical power in the order of mW/cm 2 or μW/cm 2 , while quantum secure communication requires fidelity transmission of signals at the single-photon level.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的是：提供一种使用原子滤光器的空间量子通信装置，该装置的主要特征是使用超窄线宽原子滤光器替代现有量子通信装置中使用的干涉滤光片。优点是：可减少由背景光噪声引起的误码率，增长通信距离，使量子通信装置能更好地在白天和月光下工作，实现量子通信装置的实用化。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a space quantum communication device using an atomic optical filter. The main feature of the device is to use an ultra-narrow linewidth atomic optical filter to replace the interference filter used in the existing quantum communication device. The advantages are: it can reduce the bit error rate caused by background light noise, increase the communication distance, enable the quantum communication device to work better in the daytime and under moonlight, and realize the practical application of the quantum communication device.
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
使用原子滤光器的空间量子通信装置由分束器、两个λ/2波片、λ/4波片、两个偏振分束器、两个原子滤光器、两个光耦合器、两根光纤和两个单光子探测器组成，在分束器光透射端的光子信道上依次放置有第一λ/2波片、λ/4波片、第一偏振分束器、第一原子滤光器和第一光耦合器，它们的中心均与分束器的中心同轴；第一光耦合器通过第一光纤与第一单光子探测器连接。在分束器光反射端的光子信道上按照前后顺序依次放置第二λ/2波片和第二偏振分束器，它们的中心均与分束器反射面的中心同轴；第二原子滤光器和光耦合器按照前后顺序依次放置在第二偏振分束器光反射端的光子信道上，它们的中心均与第二偏振分束器反射面的中心同轴；第二光耦合器通过第二光纤与第二单光子探测器连接。A space quantum communication device using an atomic filter consists of a beam splitter, two λ/2 wave plates, a λ/4 wave plate, two polarization beam splitters, two atomic filters, two optical couplers, two An optical fiber and two single-photon detectors, the first λ/2 wave plate, the λ/4 wave plate, the first polarization beam splitter, and the first atomic filter are sequentially placed on the photon channel at the light transmission end of the beam splitter The center of the optical coupler and the first optical coupler are coaxial with the center of the beam splitter; the first optical coupler is connected with the first single photon detector through the first optical fiber. Place the second λ/2 wave plate and the second polarization beam splitter in sequence on the photon channel at the light reflection end of the beam splitter, and their centers are all coaxial with the center of the reflective surface of the beam splitter; the second atomic filter The device and the optical coupler are sequentially placed on the photon channel at the light reflection end of the second polarization beam splitter in sequence, and their centers are all coaxial with the center of the reflection surface of the second polarization beam splitter; the second optical coupler passes through the second optical fiber Connect to the second single photon detector.
本发明的工作流程为：当随机编码序列脉冲单光子束入射到本发明的50％分束器上时，单光子随机透射或者反射。当信号光子透射时，经过第一λ/2波片偏振面发生偏转，再通过λ/4波片变成圆偏振的光子，再经第一偏振分束器选择透射光子，然后通过第一原子滤光器，滤除通信通道中的阳光、月光等本底噪声，信号光子再经过第一光耦合器进入第一光纤传输至第一单光子探测器，第一单光子探测器接收光子信号并将其转换成电信号。当信号光子被反射时，则信号光子经过第二λ/2波片，偏振面发生偏转，再经第二偏振分束器选择反射光子，然后通过第二原子滤光器，滤除通信通道中的阳光、月光等本底噪声，信号光子再经过第二光耦合器进入第二光纤传输至第二单光子探测器，第二单光子探测器接收光子信号并将其转换成电信号。The working process of the present invention is as follows: when the random coding sequence pulsed single photon beam is incident on the 50% beam splitter of the present invention, the single photon is randomly transmitted or reflected. When the signal photons are transmitted, they are deflected by the polarization plane of the first λ/2 wave plate, and then pass through the λ/4 wave plate to become circularly polarized photons, and then pass through the first polarization beam splitter to select the transmitted photons, and then pass through the first atom The optical filter filters out the background noise such as sunlight and moonlight in the communication channel, and the signal photon enters the first optical fiber through the first optical coupler and is transmitted to the first single-photon detector, and the first single-photon detector receives the photon signal and convert it into an electrical signal. When the signal photon is reflected, the signal photon passes through the second λ/2 wave plate, the polarization plane is deflected, and then the reflected photon is selected by the second polarization beam splitter, and then passed through the second atomic filter to filter out the communication channel Sunlight, moonlight and other background noise, the signal photon enters the second optical fiber through the second optical coupler and is transmitted to the second single photon detector, and the second single photon detector receives the photon signal and converts it into an electrical signal.
本发明专利与现有技术相比具有以下优点：由于原子滤光器工作带宽比干涉滤光片的工作带宽约窄3个数量级，且其具有10-5的本底光噪声抑制比，因此，可以使空间量子密码通信系统降低由于背景噪声引起的误码率2-3个数量级，增加空间量子密码通信的距离，本发明可在阳光或月光等背景光辐射下正常工作。Compared with the prior art, the patent of the present invention has the following advantages: since the working bandwidth of the atomic filter is about 3 orders of magnitude narrower than that of the interference filter, and it has a background optical noise suppression ratio of 10-5, therefore, The space quantum cryptography communication system can reduce the bit error rate caused by background noise by 2-3 orders of magnitude, increase the distance of space quantum cryptography communication, and the invention can work normally under background light radiation such as sunlight or moonlight.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
其中：1为激光脉冲单光子束、2为50％分束器、3和10为λ/2波片、4为λ/4波片、5和11为偏振分束器、6和12为原子滤光器、7和13为光耦合器、8和14为光纤、9和15为单光子探测器。Among them: 1 is laser pulse single photon beam, 2 is 50% beam splitter, 3 and 10 are λ/2 wave plate, 4 is λ/4 wave plate, 5 and 11 are polarization beam splitter, 6 and 12 are atoms Optical filter, 7 and 13 are optical couplers, 8 and 14 are optical fibers, 9 and 15 are single photon detectors.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面结合附图，对本发明作进一步的描述。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
使用原子滤光器的空间量子通信装置由分束器2、两个λ/2波片3和10、λ/4波片4、两个偏振分束器5和11、两个原子滤光器6和12、两个光耦合器7和13、两根光纤8和14、两个单光子探测器9和15组成，在分束器2光透射端的光子信道上依次放置有第一λ/2波片3、λ/4波片4、第一偏振分束器5、第一原子滤光器6和第一光耦合器7，它们的中心均与分束器2的中心同轴；第一光耦合器7通过第一光纤8与第一单光子探测器9连接。在分束器2光反射端的光子信道上按照前后顺序依次放置第二λ/2波片10和第二偏振分束器11，它们的中心均与分束器2反射面的中心同轴；第二原子滤光器12和光耦合器13按照前后顺序依次放置在第二偏振分束器11光反射端的光子信道上，它们的中心均与第二偏振分束器11反射面的中心同轴；第二光耦合器13通过第二光纤14与第二单光子探测器15连接。A space quantum communication device using an atomic filter consists of a beam splitter 2, two λ/2 wave plates 3 and 10, a λ/4 wave plate 4, two polarization beam splitters 5 and 11, and two atomic optical filters 6 and 12, two optical couplers 7 and 13, two optical fibers 8 and 14, and two single photon detectors 9 and 15, and the first λ/2 Wave plate 3, λ/4 wave plate 4, first polarization beam splitter 5, first atomic filter 6 and first optical coupler 7, their centers are all coaxial with the center of beam splitter 2; The optical coupler 7 is connected with the first single photon detector 9 through the first optical fiber 8 . Place the second λ/2 wave plate 10 and the second polarization beam splitter 11 sequentially on the photon channel at the light reflection end of the beam splitter 2, and their centers are all coaxial with the center of the reflective surface of the beam splitter 2; The diatomic optical filter 12 and the optical coupler 13 are sequentially placed on the photon channel at the light reflection end of the second polarization beam splitter 11 in sequence, and their centers are all coaxial with the center of the reflection surface of the second polarization beam splitter 11; The second optical coupler 13 is connected to the second single photon detector 15 through the second optical fiber 14 .
本发明的工作流程为：当随机编码序列脉冲单光子束1入射到本发明的50％分束器2上时，单光子随机透射或者反射。当信号光子透射时，经过第一λ/2波片3偏振面发生偏转，再通过λ/4波片4变成圆偏振的光子，再经第一偏振分束器5选择透射光子，然后通过第一原子滤光器6，滤除通信通道中的阳光、月光等本底噪声，信号光子再经过第一光耦合器7进入第一光纤8传输至第一单光子探测器9，第一单光子探测器9接收光子信号并将其转换成电信号。当信号光子被反射时，则信号光子经过第二λ/2波片10，偏振面发生偏转，再经第二偏振分束器11选择反射光子，然后通过第二原子滤光器12，滤除通信通道中的阳光、月光等本底噪声，信号光子再经过第二光耦合器13进入第二光纤14传输至第二单光子探测器15，第二单光子探测器15接收光子信号并将其转换成电信号。The working process of the present invention is as follows: when the random coding sequence pulsed single photon beam 1 is incident on the 50% beam splitter 2 of the present invention, the single photon is randomly transmitted or reflected. When the signal photon is transmitted, it is deflected by the first λ/2 wave plate 3 polarization plane, and then passes through the λ/4 wave plate 4 to become a circularly polarized photon, and then selects the transmitted photon through the first polarization beam splitter 5, and then passes through The first atomic optical filter 6 filters out background noise such as sunlight and moonlight in the communication channel, and the signal photons enter the first optical fiber 8 through the first optical coupler 7 and are transmitted to the first single-photon detector 9. The photon detector 9 receives the photon signal and converts it into an electrical signal. When the signal photon is reflected, the signal photon passes through the second λ/2 wave plate 10, the polarization plane is deflected, and then the second polarization beam splitter 11 selects the reflected photon, and then passes through the second atomic filter 12 to filter out Background noise such as sunlight and moonlight in the communication channel, the signal photon enters the second optical fiber 14 through the second optical coupler 13 and is transmitted to the second single-photon detector 15, and the second single-photon detector 15 receives the photon signal and converts it converted into electrical signals.
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| CN1317797C (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2007-05-23 | 华东师范大学 | Method for optical communicating waveband single photon high-efficient detection |
| US8031873B2 (en) * | 2005-07-22 | 2011-10-04 | Wuhan Institute Of Physics And Mathematics, The Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Free-space quantum communication device with atomic filters |
| CN101241241B (en) * | 2008-02-03 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Atom filter method and device for Raman light amplification |
| CN101788691B (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-08-31 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Upper atmosphere airglow blast-temperature imager for atomic frequency discrimination |
| CN102147538B (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2014-03-12 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Quantum coherence inducted optical rotation effect based atomic filtering method and device |
| CN106200022B (en) | 2016-07-27 | 2019-01-11 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | A kind of optical fiber atom filter device |
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| US6424665B1 (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2002-07-23 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Ultra-bright source of polarization-entangled photons |
| CN1301972A (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2001-07-04 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Active rubidium atom resonance light filter |
| WO2001086855A2 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-15 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Apparatus for free-space quantum key distribution in daylight |
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