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CN120027838B - A multi-channel sampling clutter processing method, system and device for optical fiber F-P sensor - Google Patents

A multi-channel sampling clutter processing method, system and device for optical fiber F-P sensor Download PDF

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CN120027838B
CN120027838B CN202510520969.XA CN202510520969A CN120027838B CN 120027838 B CN120027838 B CN 120027838B CN 202510520969 A CN202510520969 A CN 202510520969A CN 120027838 B CN120027838 B CN 120027838B
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optical fiber
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center point
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CN120027838A (en
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马志波
吕赋彬
李若飞
郭效丁
喜奇
苑曦宸
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35312Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Fabry Perot

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Abstract

The invention relates to a multichannel sampling clutter processing method, a multichannel sampling clutter processing system and multichannel sampling clutter processing equipment for an optical fiber F-P sensor, wherein the multichannel sampling clutter processing method comprises the steps of collecting reflection spectrum signals of the optical fiber F-P sensor in parallel to obtain multichannel reflection spectrum data; the method comprises the steps of obtaining a plurality of groups of first data sets at continuous moments by taking data points corresponding to the same moments of each path of reflection spectrum data as a group of first data sets, sequentially obtaining the central point of each group of first data sets and taking the central point as a second data set, carrying out Kalman filtering on the central point of the second data set to obtain wavelength signal data, and drawing the wavelength signal data into a waveform curve for output.

Description

Multichannel sampling clutter processing method, system and equipment for optical fiber F-P sensor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of demodulation of optical fiber sensors, and relates to a multichannel sampling clutter processing method, a multichannel sampling clutter processing system and multichannel sampling clutter processing equipment of an optical fiber F-P sensor.
Background
The optical fiber F-P sensor is a sensor based on the Fabry-Perot interference principle and is used for measuring and monitoring the change of physical quantity. The sensor uses Fabry-Perot interference phenomenon outside the optical fiber to convert the optical signal into a corresponding physical quantity signal to realize measurement. The optical fiber F-P sensor consists of a pair of reflecting mirrors at two ends of an optical fiber, wherein the reflecting mirrors can be two reflecting surfaces at the tail end of the optical fiber, and can also be a metal or medium reflecting layer which is evaporated or welded on the optical fiber. When light enters from one end of the optical fiber, a part of the light is reflected back by the first reflecting surface and then reflected back by the second reflecting surface to form interference. When the external physical quantity (such as temperature, pressure or deformation) changes, the length or refractive index of the optical fiber changes, the position or intensity of the interference peak changes, and the change of the physical quantity can be deduced by measuring the movement or intensity change of the interference peak.
When demodulating the optical fiber F-P sensor, because the frame frequency of the spectrometer can only reach about 25kHz, if the demodulation speed of 100kHz is to be realized, 4 spectrometers are needed, then 4 times of the frame frequency of spectrum sampling is obtained by carrying out time-sharing exposure and parallel sampling on the 4 spectrometers, so the high-speed demodulator needs to drive the 4 spectrometers at the same time, and because the output signals of the spectrometers are analog voltage signals, after a driving circuit of the 4 spectrometers, 4 high-speed AD sampling circuits are connected in parallel, and because time shift and offset exist between the 4 analog voltage signals, the cavity length output curve obtained after the 4 analog voltage signals are spliced is a local saw-tooth shape with burrs and is not a smooth curve, so the information obtained after demodulation has a certain error.
A method for filtering pulse clutter in demodulation of an optical fiber Bragg grating sensor is disclosed in publication No. CN 106706011A, which comprises the steps of constructing an optical path and a circuit hardware platform of an optical fiber grating demodulator, performing optical fiber grating demodulation, performing high-speed AD acquisition and reading of an AD sampling value by using a field programmable gate array, setting a peak judgment threshold value, calculating a distance from the beginning to be larger than the threshold value when the current sampling value is smaller than the threshold value, performing pulse interference signal filtering, and setting a widening threshold value, wherein the filtering of pulse interference existing in the demodulation process is realized through the steps, and the effect of improving the demodulation accuracy and stability of the optical fiber Bragg grating is achieved. According to the scheme, whether target information needs to be filtered to realize filtering is judged by using a threshold value, but aiming at the problem of multi-channel sampling clutter, the method cannot solve the problem of multi-channel sampling clutter well because the spectrometer sampling has randomness and the threshold value for filtering clutter is not easy to set.
The method for demodulating the fiber bragg grating signal disclosed in publication No. CN 114353844A comprises the steps of generating light waves with different wavelengths through setting parameters of a laser generating device to obtain an original signal containing noise, carrying out wavelet denoising on the original signal containing noise to obtain a signal for eliminating common noise, carrying out optimal prediction variable thresholding on the signal for eliminating common noise to obtain a signal for eliminating special clutter denoising, carrying out 5-point smoothing on the signal for eliminating special clutter to obtain a signal after smoothing, carrying out derivative on the signal after smoothing to obtain a peak differential signal, retaining the signal when the peak differential signal is larger than a threshold value, and carrying out early warning processing when the peak differential signal is smaller than the threshold value and indicating that the signal drifts. The scheme adopts a noise reduction mode of wavelet denoising, but because the high-speed demodulation of 100kHz needs to process signals in extremely short speed, and the wavelet function for extracting signals in each period occupies more resources of a demodulation chip, the problem of multichannel sampling clutter cannot be well solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a multichannel sampling clutter processing method, a multichannel sampling clutter processing system and multichannel sampling clutter processing equipment for an optical fiber F-P sensor, which are characterized in that sampling points of sampling data are grouped to obtain a center point, and then, carrying out Kalman filtering processing on a new data set formed by the central points of all groups, so that the problem of multi-channel sampling clutter during high-speed demodulation of 100kHz can be solved, and further, the problem of waveform burr caused by time shift and offset among sampling data is eliminated.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a multichannel sampling clutter processing method of an optical fiber F-P sensor, which comprises the following steps:
S1, collecting reflection spectrum signals of an optical fiber F-P sensor in parallel to obtain multi-path reflection spectrum data;
S2, taking data points corresponding to the same time of each path of reflection spectrum data as a group of first data sets, and obtaining a plurality of groups of first data sets at continuous time;
step S3, sequentially acquiring the center point of each group of the first data set, and taking the center point as a second data set;
And S4, carrying out Kalman filtering on the central point of the second data set to obtain wavelength signal data, and drawing the wavelength signal data into a waveform curve and outputting the waveform curve.
Further, in the step S1, the reflection spectrum signals of the optical fiber F-P sensor are collected in parallel to obtain multi-path reflection spectrum data, which specifically includes:
And the broadband light is input into an optical fiber F-P sensor from a first port of the optical fiber circulator, the reflected light of the optical fiber F-P sensor is output from a third port of the optical fiber circulator, the output reflected light respectively enters a plurality of optical spectrometers after being split, each optical spectrometer simultaneously obtains an electric signal of the reflection spectrum data of the optical fiber F-P sensor, and the electric signal of each optical spectrometer is converted into a digital signal and then is sent to an FPGA controller for signal processing to obtain the multi-path reflection spectrum data.
Further, in the step S3, a center point of each of the first data sets is obtained, specifically:
Defining the center point To each data point of the first data setThe square of the distance is:
;
Wherein, the Represent the firstFrom point to center pointIs used for the distance of (a),Is the central pointIs used for the purpose of determining the coordinates of (a),Is the firstCoordinates of the data points;
setting a center point And each data pointIs a function of distance(s)The method comprises the following steps:
;
solving the function by adopting an iterative formula The iterative formula is as follows:
;
Wherein, the Is the rate of learning to be performed,AndRespectively is a function ofTo the coordinatesAnd coordinatesAnd (2) partial derivative ofThe partial derivatives of (2) are:
;
substituting the partial derivative into the iterative formula to obtain a central point Coordinates of (c)
Further, in the step S4, the kalman filtering specifically includes:
The center point is set Processing is carried out by establishing a Kalman state prediction equation in sequence, wherein the Kalman state prediction equation is as follows:
;
Wherein, the Is thatThe state prediction value of the moment in time,Is a state transition matrix that is a state transition matrix,Is thatThe optimal state estimate for the time of day,Is a matrix of control inputs,Is thatA control input of time;
the prediction error covariance is:
;
Wherein, the Is thatThe prediction error covariance of the time instant,Is thatThe optimal estimation error covariance of the moment in time,Is thatIs used to determine the transposed matrix of (a),Is the process noise covariance.
Further, the Kalman filtering further comprises the steps of establishing a Kalman state prediction equation for processing, and then processing the central pointUpdating by establishing a state updating equation, wherein the state updating equation is as follows:
;
Wherein, the Is thatThe kalman gain at the moment in time,Is an observation matrix of the type described above,Is the observed noise covariance of the signal to be measured,Is thatThe optimal state estimate for the time of day,Is thatThe observed value of the time of day,Is thatThe optimal estimation error covariance of the moment in time,Is an identity matrix.
Further, the Kalman state prediction equation is established through the FPGA controller.
Further, the state update equation is established by the FPGA controller.
In step S4, the wavelength signal data is drawn into a waveform curve and output, specifically, the FPGA controller sends the wavelength signal data to the upper computer software, and the upper computer software draws the wavelength signal data into the waveform curve and displays the waveform curve.
The invention also provides a multichannel sampling clutter processing system of the optical fiber F-P sensor, which comprises:
The reflection spectrum data acquisition module is used for acquiring reflection spectrum signals of the optical fiber F-P sensor in parallel to acquire multi-path reflection spectrum data;
the first data set module is used for taking data points corresponding to the same time of each path of reflection spectrum data as a group of first data sets to obtain a plurality of groups of first data sets at continuous time;
the second data set module is used for sequentially acquiring the center point of each group of the first data set, and taking the center point as a second data set;
and the waveform curve output module is used for carrying out Kalman filtering on the central point of the second data set to obtain wavelength signal data, and drawing the wavelength signal data into waveform curve and outputting the waveform curve.
The invention also provides electronic equipment comprising at least one processor and a memory in communication connection with the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor, and the instructions are executed by the processor so that the processor can execute the multichannel sampling clutter processing method of the optical fiber F-P sensor.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) The invention relates to a multichannel sampling clutter processing method, a system and equipment of an optical fiber F-P sensor, which mainly aim at carrying out 100kHz high-speed demodulation, and because of the parallel sampling of a spectrometer and the time shift and offset existing between the two, the multichannel sampling data is processed by adopting a Kalman filtering method based on a data point central value, waveform burrs of an output signal are effectively eliminated, an output curve obtained by 100kHz demodulation is smoother, so that demodulation precision is improved, and the Kalman filtering based on the data point central value processing is used as an estimation algorithm integrating numerical calculation and recursion ideas, a set of central points of multichannel acquisition data can be solved by using the numerical method, and then Kalman filtering processing is carried out on new data formed by the central points.
(2) The multichannel sampling clutter processing method, system and equipment for the optical fiber F-P sensor are not only suitable for demodulation of the optical fiber F-P sensor, but also can be applied to other optical sensor systems requiring high-speed and high-precision multichannel sampling, and have wide application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for processing multichannel sampling clutter of an optical fiber F-P sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a four-channel sampling signal diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a waveform diagram after processing according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings in order to more clearly understand the objects, features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather are merely illustrative of the true spirit of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1. Embodiment 1 provides a multichannel sampling clutter processing method of an optical fiber F-P sensor, comprising the following steps:
And step 1, acquiring reflected light signals of the optical fiber F-P sensor in parallel through multiple channels to obtain multi-channel reflection spectrum data.
Specifically, the time-sharing exposure and the parallel sampling are carried out through the spectrograph, broadband light of the SLD light source is input from the first port of the optical fiber circulator, the broadband light enters the optical fiber F-P sensor through the second port of the optical fiber circulator, reflected light of the optical fiber F-P sensor enters the optical fiber circulator from the second port of the optical fiber circulator, the reflected light enters the input arm of the optical fiber beam splitter after passing through the third port of the optical fiber circulator, the reflected light of the optical fiber F-P sensor is divided into n light signals through the optical fiber beam splitter and respectively enters the n spectrographs, n spectrographs simultaneously obtain electric signals of n paths of reflected spectrum data of the optical fiber F-P sensor, the electric signals of each path are converted into digital signals through the AD sampling circuit, and finally the converted digital signals are sent to the FPGA controller for signal processing, so that n paths of reflected spectrum data are obtained.
Preferably, the spectrometers of the present invention employ 4, each with a sampling frequency of 25kHz,
The number of sampling channels is 4, and the sampling rate is 100k.
And 2, taking data points corresponding to the same time of each path of reflection spectrum data as a group of first data sets, and obtaining a plurality of groups of first data sets at continuous time.
Specifically, as the sampling frequency of the spectrometer is 25kHz, that is, 25k data are collected for 1s, n data points are generated by n spectrometers within 1/25k seconds, and n data points corresponding to n paths of reflection spectrum data at the same time are taken as a first data set, so as to obtain a plurality of groups of first data sets at continuous time.
And step 3, sequentially acquiring the center point of each group of first data set, and taking the center point as a second data set.
Specifically, the center point is performed by a numerical solution, and the processing is performed by the FPGA controller. Setting the center point of the first data set at the same timeWriting n data points and a central point according to a formula between two pointsAnd summing to obtain a binary functionSolving the binary functionIs the minimum point of the (B) is the central pointIs defined by the coordinates of (a).
The numerical solution method comprises setting a first data set including n data pointsSequentially P1(x1,y1)、 P2(x2,y2)、 P3(x3,y3)... Pn-1(xn-1,yn-1)、Pn(xn,yn), to center pointTo the n data pointsThe difference in the sum of squares of the distances of (c) is minimal.
Defining a center pointTo each data pointThe square of the distance is:
;(1)
(1) In the formula, Represent the firstFrom point to center pointIs used for the distance of (a),Is the central pointIs used for the purpose of determining the coordinates of (a),Is the firstCoordinates of the data points;
setting a center point And each data pointIs a function of distance(s)The method comprises the following steps:
;(2)
(2) Where Σ represents the sum, i.e., n data points To the central pointSumming the distances of (2);
solving functions by gradient descent method The iterative formula of the gradient descent method is as follows:
;(3)
(3) In the formula, Is the learning rate (step size),AndRespectively is a function ofTo the coordinatesAnd coordinatesPartial derivative of (C)The partial derivatives of (2) are:
;(4)
substituting the partial derivative of the formula 4 into the iterative formula (3) to obtain a central point Coordinates of (c)
And 4, carrying out Kalman filtering on the central point of the second data set to obtain wavelength signal data, and drawing the wavelength signal data into a waveform curve and outputting the waveform curve.
Specifically, the center pointThe FPGA controller processes the signals by establishing a Kalman state prediction equation, and parameters of a Kalman filter, such as a state transition matrix, an observation matrix, noise covariance and the like, can be configured when the Kalman state prediction equation is established. Parameters are adjusted according to the shape of the actually generated curve, and the center pointThe wavelength signal data is obtained after being processed by the FPGA controller, the wavelength signal data is sent to the upper computer software through the high-speed communication interface, the wavelength signal data is drawn into a waveform curve through a drawing library in the upper computer software, and the waveform curve is displayed through the upper computer.
Wherein, the Kalman state prediction equation is:
;(5)
(5) In the formula, Is thatThe state prediction value of the moment in time,Is a state transition matrix that is a state transition matrix,Is thatThe optimal state estimate for the time of day,Is a matrix of control inputs,Is thatA control input of the moment of time.
Wherein, the prediction error covariance is:
;(6)
(6) In the formula, Is thatThe prediction error covariance of the time instant,Is thatThe optimal estimation error covariance of the moment in time,Is thatIs used to determine the transposed matrix of (a),Is the process noise covariance.
Further, to enable efficient state estimation and prediction of the acquired spectral data, a central pointAnd after being processed by the Kalman state prediction equation, the FPGA controller updates the state prediction equation by the state updating equation to obtain accurate wavelength signal data.
Wherein, the state update equation is:
;(7)
(7) In the formula, Is thatThe kalman gain at the moment in time,Is an observation matrix of the type described above,Is the observed noise covariance of the signal to be measured,Is thatThe optimal state estimate for the time of day,Is thatThe observed value of the time of day,Is thatThe optimal estimation error covariance of the moment in time,Is an identity matrix.
Example 1 simulation verification with 4 sampling channels was performed as follows:
Firstly, a matlab software is utilized to construct a mathematical model of the optical fiber F-P sensor, and the interference phenomenon and the generation of spectrum signals are simulated. The simulation parameters are set as follows, the number of sampling channels is 4, the sampling rate is 100k, the frame frequency of the spectrometer is 25kHz, the simulation time is 1s, and a 50Hz simplified sine wave signal is used for generating an analog spectrum signal.
Second, time shift and random bias are added to the sine wave signal, so that the sine wave signal automatically generates three other signals with time shift and bias, and 4 paths of sampling channel signals are obtained, as shown in fig. 2.
Third, 4 sampling channel signals are introduced into the mathematical model and time shifting and offset between the 4 sampling channels are simulated to generate a reflection spectrum data signal with the noise.
Fourth, discretizing the reflected spectrum data signal to change it into data points, taking 1 group of 4 data points collected by 4 sampling channels as a group of collection to find center points, carrying out Kalman filtering processing on each center point, and drawing a processed waveform diagram, as shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, after the kalman filter process, the previous four waveform curves with time shift and bias have been processed into a smooth waveform curve.
Example two
Embodiment 2 provides a multichannel sampling clutter processing system of an optical fiber F-P sensor, and the multichannel sampling clutter processing method based on the optical fiber F-P sensor of embodiment 1 includes:
The reflection spectrum data acquisition module is used for acquiring reflection spectrum signals of the optical fiber F-P sensor in parallel to acquire multi-path reflection spectrum data;
the first data set module is used for taking data points corresponding to the same time of each path of reflection spectrum data as a group of first data sets to obtain a plurality of groups of first data sets at continuous time;
the second data set module is used for sequentially acquiring the center point of each group of first data sets, and taking the center point as a second data set;
And the waveform curve output module is used for carrying out Kalman filtering on the central point of the second data set to obtain wavelength signal data, and drawing the wavelength signal data into a waveform curve and outputting the waveform curve.
Example III
Embodiment 3 provides an electronic device comprising at least one processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to enable the processor to perform a multi-channel sampling clutter processing method of an optical fiber F-P sensor as in embodiment 1.

Claims (9)

1.一种光纤F-P传感器的多通道采样杂波处理方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:1. A multi-channel sampling clutter processing method for an optical fiber F-P sensor, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: 步骤S1,并行采集光纤F-P传感器的反射光谱信号,获得多路反射光谱数据;Step S1, collecting reflection spectrum signals of optical fiber F-P sensors in parallel to obtain multi-channel reflection spectrum data; 步骤S2,以每路所述反射光谱数据同时刻所对应的数据点作为一组第一数据集合,获得多组连续时刻的所述第一数据集合;Step S2, taking the data points corresponding to each channel of the reflection spectrum data at the same moment as a set of first data sets, and obtaining a plurality of sets of the first data sets at consecutive moments; 步骤S3,依次获取每组所述第一数据集合的中心点,以所述中心点作为第二数据集合;Step S3, sequentially obtaining the center point of each group of the first data set, and taking the center point as the second data set; 获取每组所述第一数据集合的中心点,具体为:Obtaining the center point of each group of the first data set is specifically: 定义所述中心点 到第一数据集合的每个数据点的距离的平方为:Define the center point To each data point of the first data set The square of the distance is: ; 其中,表示第个点到中心点的距离,是中心点的坐标,是第个数据点的坐标;in, Indicates Point to center The distance , Is the center point The coordinates of , It is The coordinates of the data points; 设定中心点 与每个数据点的距离的函数 为:Set the center point With each data point Function of the distance for: ; 采用迭代公式求解函数 的最小值,所述迭代公式如下:Solve the function using an iterative formula The minimum value of , the iterative formula is as follows: ; 其中,是学习率,分别是函数对坐标 和坐标 的偏导数,则 的偏导数为:in, is the learning rate, and They are functions Coordinates and coordinates The partial derivative of The partial derivative of is: ; 将偏导数代入所述迭代公式中,获得中心点的坐标 Substitute the partial derivative into the iterative formula to obtain the center point Coordinates , ; 步骤S4,将所述第二数据集合的中心点进行卡尔曼滤波,获得波长信号数据,将所述波长信号数据绘制成波形曲线输出。Step S4, performing Kalman filtering on the center point of the second data set to obtain wavelength signal data, and drawing the wavelength signal data into a waveform curve for output. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光纤F-P传感器的多通道采样杂波处理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1,并行采集光纤F-P传感器的反射光谱信号,获得多路反射光谱数据,具体为:2. The multi-channel sampling clutter processing method of a fiber optic F-P sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that the step S1, in which the reflection spectrum signals of the fiber optic F-P sensor are collected in parallel to obtain multi-channel reflection spectrum data, is specifically: 将宽带光从光纤环形器的第一端口输入进光纤F-P传感器,所述光纤F-P传感器的反射光从所述光纤环形器的第三端口输出,输出的反射光经分束后分别进入多路光谱仪,每路所述光谱仪同时获得光纤F-P传感器的反射光谱数据的电信号,将每路的电信号转化为数字信号后发送给FPGA控制器进行信号处理,获得多路反射光谱数据。Broadband light is input into the optical fiber F-P sensor from the first port of the optical fiber circulator, and the reflected light of the optical fiber F-P sensor is output from the third port of the optical fiber circulator. The output reflected light enters a multi-channel spectrometer after beam splitting, and each spectrometer simultaneously obtains an electrical signal of the reflected spectrum data of the optical fiber F-P sensor, and each electrical signal is converted into a digital signal and sent to the FPGA controller for signal processing to obtain multi-channel reflected spectrum data. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光纤F-P传感器的多通道采样杂波处理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中,所述卡尔曼滤波,具体包括:将所述中心点依次通过建立卡尔曼状态预测方程进行处理,所述卡尔曼状态预测方程为:3. The multi-channel sampling clutter processing method of a fiber FP sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step S4, the Kalman filter specifically comprises: The processing is performed by establishing the Kalman state prediction equation in turn. The Kalman state prediction equation is: ; 其中, 时刻的状态预测值, 是状态转移矩阵, 时刻的最优状态估计值, 是控制输入矩阵,时刻的控制输入;in, yes The predicted value of the state at time is the state transition matrix, yes The optimal state estimate at time , is the control input matrix, yes Control input at all times; 预测误差协方差为:The forecast error covariance is: ; 其中,时刻的预测误差协方差,时刻的最优估计误差协方差, 的转置矩阵, 是过程噪声协方差。in, yes The forecast error covariance at time , yes The optimal estimation error covariance at time , yes The transposed matrix of is the process noise covariance. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种光纤F-P传感器的多通道采样杂波处理方法,其特征在于,所述卡尔曼滤波还包括:在建立卡尔曼状态预测方程进行处理后,再将所述中心点通过建立状态更新方程进行更新,所述状态更新方程为:4. The multi-channel sampling clutter processing method of a fiber FP sensor according to claim 3 is characterized in that the Kalman filter further comprises: after establishing the Kalman state prediction equation for processing, the center point The update is performed by establishing a state update equation, which is: ; ; ; 其中, 时刻的卡尔曼增益,是观测矩阵, 是观测噪声协方差; 时刻的最优状态估计值, 时刻的观测值, 时刻的最优估计误差协方差,是单位矩阵。in, yes The Kalman gain at time t, is the observation matrix, is the observation noise covariance; yes The optimal state estimate at time , yes The observed value at time, yes The optimal estimation error covariance at time , is the identity matrix. 5.根据权利要求3所述的一种光纤F-P传感器的多通道采样杂波处理方法,其特征在于,所述卡尔曼状态预测方程通过FPGA控制器建立。5. The multi-channel sampling clutter processing method of a fiber optic F-P sensor according to claim 3 is characterized in that the Kalman state prediction equation is established through an FPGA controller. 6.根据权利要求4所述的一种光纤F-P传感器的多通道采样杂波处理方法,其特征在于,所述状态更新方程通过FPGA控制器建立。6. A multi-channel sampling clutter processing method for an optical fiber F-P sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that the state update equation is established through an FPGA controller. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种光纤F-P传感器的多通道采样杂波处理方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中,将所述波长信号数据绘制成波形曲线输出,具体为:由FPGA控制器将波长信号数据发送到上位机软件中,通过上位机软件将波长信号数据绘制为波形曲线并显示。7. A multi-channel sampling clutter processing method for an optical fiber F-P sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step S4, the wavelength signal data is drawn into a waveform curve for output, specifically: the FPGA controller sends the wavelength signal data to the host computer software, and the wavelength signal data is drawn into a waveform curve and displayed by the host computer software. 8.一种基于权利要求1-7任一项所述的一种光纤F-P传感器的多通道采样杂波处理方法的系统,其特征在于,包括:8. A system based on a multi-channel sampling clutter processing method of an optical fiber F-P sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises: 反射光谱数据获取模块,用于并行采集光纤F-P传感器的反射光谱信号,获得多路反射光谱数据;A reflection spectrum data acquisition module is used to collect the reflection spectrum signals of the optical fiber F-P sensor in parallel to obtain multi-channel reflection spectrum data; 第一数据集合模块,用于以每路所述反射光谱数据同时刻所对应的数据点作为一组第一数据集合,获得多组连续时刻的所述第一数据集合;A first data set module, used to take the data points corresponding to each channel of the reflection spectrum data at the same moment as a set of first data sets, and obtain a plurality of sets of the first data sets at consecutive moments; 第二数据集合模块,用于依次获取每组所述第一数据集合的中心点,以所述中心点作为第二数据集合;A second data set module, used for sequentially acquiring the center point of each group of the first data sets, and taking the center point as the second data set; 波形曲线输出模块,用于将所述第二数据集合的中心点进行卡尔曼滤波,获得波长信号数据,将所述波长信号数据绘制成波形曲线输出。The waveform curve output module is used to perform Kalman filtering on the center point of the second data set to obtain wavelength signal data, and draw the wavelength signal data into a waveform curve for output. 9.一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括至少一个处理器;以及与所述处理器通信连接的存储器;其中,所述存储器存储有可被所述处理器执行的指令,所述指令被所述处理器执行,以使所述处理器能够执行如权利要求1-7任一项所述的一种光纤F-P传感器的多通道采样杂波处理方法。9. An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor, and the instructions are executed by the processor so that the processor can execute a multi-channel sampling clutter processing method for an optical fiber F-P sensor as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.
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