CN120043438B - A method for measuring and evaluating water surface fluctuations - Google Patents
A method for measuring and evaluating water surface fluctuationsInfo
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- CN120043438B CN120043438B CN202510510431.0A CN202510510431A CN120043438B CN 120043438 B CN120043438 B CN 120043438B CN 202510510431 A CN202510510431 A CN 202510510431A CN 120043438 B CN120043438 B CN 120043438B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/34—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/22—Measuring resistance of fluids
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Abstract
本发明属于测量技术领域，涉及一种对水面波动的测量评估方法，包含以下步骤：采用侵入式电导率相位探测探头测量不同水深比、不同流量的水面，绘制出信号图，从而通过水面粗糙度σ量化水面波动幅度；采用侵入式电导率相位探测探头测量探针接触空气‑水界面的界面速度，从而通过无量纲参数Y量化水面波动频率。本发明能够通过计算的方式得到水面粗糙度σ与无量纲参数Y，并通过水面粗糙度σ量化水面波动幅度，通过无量纲参数Y量化水面波动频率，当σ值越高时，水面波动幅度越大，当Y值越高时，水面波动频率越大，从而水面波动越剧烈，进而提供了一种新的量化水面波动的方法，弥补量化水面波动的空白。
The present invention belongs to the field of measurement technology, and relates to a method for measuring and evaluating water surface fluctuations, comprising the following steps: using an invasive conductivity phase detection probe to measure water surfaces with different water depth ratios and different flow rates, and drawing a signal diagram, thereby quantifying the water surface fluctuation amplitude through the water surface roughness σ ; using an invasive conductivity phase detection probe to measure the interface velocity of the probe contacting the air-water interface, thereby quantifying the water surface fluctuation frequency through the dimensionless parameter Y. The present invention can obtain the water surface roughness σ and the dimensionless parameter Y by calculation, and quantify the water surface fluctuation amplitude through the water surface roughness σ , and quantify the water surface fluctuation frequency through the dimensionless parameter Y. When the σ value is higher, the water surface fluctuation amplitude is larger, and when the Y value is higher, the water surface fluctuation frequency is larger, and thus the water surface fluctuation is more intense, thereby providing a new method for quantifying water surface fluctuations, filling the gap in quantifying water surface fluctuations.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement, and relates to a method for measuring and evaluating water surface fluctuation.
Background
In recent years, urban drainage systems are continuously perfected along with economic development, but the current design of urban sewer systems usually only considers sewage transportation, and air flow is seldom concerned, and toxic and harmful gases in pipelines can corrode the pipelines, generate odors and the like. In order to manage toxic gases in pipe networks, research on the coupling mechanism of gas and water flow movement is needed, and knowledge of water surface fluctuation is important to understanding the air-water interaction mechanism in partially filled pipe flows, which has been ignored in previous researches. Therefore, it is necessary to study the water surface fluctuation.
At present, when studying water surface fluctuation, an air-water interface is measured by adopting an invasive conductivity phase detection probe, a system and a detection method, which are disclosed as CN117347728A, wherein the invasive conductivity phase detection probe comprises a first probe, a second probe and a third probe, the first probe, the second probe and the third probe are arranged in a regular triangle, the length of the first probe, the length of the second probe and the length of the third probe are sequentially reduced, the three probes are respectively connected with resistors in series, and the water-gas two-phase interface area parameter is calculated according to the change of three resistance voltage signals.
However, because in a pipe network, water surface fluctuation can obviously influence the interaction of gas and liquid so as to influence the transmission, diffusion and dissolution processes of the gas, and researches on an invasive conductivity phase detection probe are mainly focused on water-gas two-phase interface area parameters, and a quantification method for the water surface fluctuation is lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a measuring and evaluating method for water surface fluctuation, which can quantify the fluctuation amplitude and the fluctuation frequency of the water surface in a calculation mode, thereby providing a novel calculation method for the water surface fluctuation and compensating for the blank of quantifying the water surface fluctuation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring and evaluating water surface fluctuations, comprising the steps of:
The volume fractions of water contents of different water depths and different flow rates are measured by adopting an invasive conductivity phase detection probe, the position of the invasive conductivity phase detection probe is vertically moved upwards and then is measured again, a plurality of sets of data are obtained after repeated measurement, a signal diagram is drawn after the plurality of sets of data are subjected to conditional processing, and a scale parameter sigma is fitted by using the signal diagram to represent the water surface roughness, so that the water surface fluctuation amplitude is quantified by the water surface roughness sigma.
And measuring the interface speed of the probe contacting the air-water interface by adopting an invasive conductivity phase detection probe, and vertically placing the first probe, the second probe and the third probe, wherein the first probe is positioned at the middle position, the second probe is close to the incoming direction of water flow, the third probe is positioned in the outgoing direction of water flow, the time required by the propagation of water surface fluctuation from the long needle to the short needle is obtained by analyzing the signal comparison among the three probes, and the dimensionless parameter Y is obtained by calculation through the time, so that the water surface fluctuation frequency is quantified through the dimensionless parameter Y.
The invention is also characterized in that:
When the invasive conductivity phase detection probe is used for measuring volume fractions of water contents of different water depth ratios and different flow rates, a single threshold theorem is adopted for preliminary treatment, one voltage between air and water is selected as a threshold voltage, 0 is taken in the air when the measured voltage is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, 1 is taken in the water when the measured voltage is smaller than the threshold voltage, and finally an average value is used for serving as the volume fractions of the water contents of the different flow rates with different water depth ratios, wherein a specific calculation formula is as follows:
,
wherein V f is a measurement sample, V f is the volume fraction of the water content, n is the total sample number, f is the nth sample, and the value is 1-n.
The position of the invasive conductivity phase detection probe moves vertically upwards by 0.01 cm-0.02 cm.
When a signal diagram is drawn, the horizontal axis represents the volume fraction, the vertical axis represents the vertical moving distance of the invasive conductivity phase detection probe, and the corresponding scale distance is taken as the zero point when the volume fraction is 0.5.
When the signal diagram is used for fitting out the scale parameter sigma to represent the water surface roughness, froude numbers are introduced, different water depth ratios and different flows are converted into different Froude numbers, sigma values under the different Froude numbers are obtained, the Pelson correlation coefficient is used for analyzing the correlation between the Froude numbers and sigma, positive correlation is obtained between the Froude numbers and sigma, and therefore sigma is used for representing the water surface roughness.
Wherein the calculation formula of the water surface roughness is as follows:
,
Wherein V f is the volume fraction of the water content, sigma is the roughness of the water surface, Representing the vertical distance of the ascent,Is a natural logarithm.
The calculation formula of the dimensionless parameters is as follows:
,
in the formula, For the vertical distance between the first probe and the third probe,Y is a dimensionless parameter for the time difference between the interface contacting the first probe and the interface contacting the third probe,For the vertical interface velocity between the three probes,Is the flow rate of pure water in the horizontal direction.
The method for measuring and evaluating the water surface fluctuation has the advantages that the water surface roughness sigma and the dimensionless parameter Y can be obtained in a calculation mode, the water surface fluctuation amplitude is quantized through the water surface roughness sigma, the water surface fluctuation frequency is quantized through the dimensionless parameter Y, when the sigma value is higher, the water surface fluctuation amplitude is larger, when the Y value is higher, the water surface fluctuation frequency is larger, so that the water surface fluctuation is more severe, and a novel method for quantifying the water surface fluctuation is provided, and the blank of quantifying the water surface fluctuation is made up.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall flow structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of threshold selection according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the surface fluctuations after conditioning according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a signal diagram of the present invention at a water depth ratio of 0.5.
FIG. 6 is a signal diagram of the present invention at a water depth ratio of 0.6.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of the characteristic values sigma of the water surface roughness at different water depth ratios according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing the result of the characteristic value Y of the water surface fluctuation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiment of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, "/" means or, for example, a/B may mean a or B, "and/or" in the text is only one association relationship describing the association object, and it means that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, three cases where a exists alone, a and B exist together, and B exists alone, and further, "a plurality" means two or more in the description of the embodiment of the present invention. The following terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as implying or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for measuring and evaluating water surface fluctuation, which comprises the following steps:
The volume fractions of water contents of different water depths and different flow rates are measured by adopting an invasive conductivity phase detection probe, the position of the invasive conductivity phase detection probe is vertically moved upwards and then is measured again, a plurality of sets of data are obtained after repeated measurement, a signal diagram is drawn after the plurality of sets of data are subjected to conditional processing, and a scale parameter sigma is fitted by using the signal diagram to represent the water surface roughness, so that the water surface fluctuation amplitude is quantified by the water surface roughness sigma.
And measuring the interface speed of the probe contacting the air-water interface by adopting an invasive conductivity phase detection probe, and vertically placing the first probe, the second probe and the third probe, wherein the first probe is positioned at the middle position, the second probe is close to the incoming direction of water flow, the third probe is positioned in the outgoing direction of water flow, the time required by the propagation of water surface fluctuation from the long needle to the short needle is obtained by analyzing the signal comparison among the three probes, and the dimensionless parameter Y is obtained by calculation through the time, so that the water surface fluctuation frequency is quantified through the dimensionless parameter Y.
In summary, the invention can be used for measuring water surfaces with different water depth ratios and different flow rates, drawing a signal diagram, fitting a scale parameter sigma by utilizing the signal diagram, and using sigma to represent the water surface roughness, thereby quantifying the fluctuation amplitude of the water surface by the water surface roughness sigma, simultaneously, calculating to obtain a dimensionless parameter Y by measuring the interface speed of a probe contact interface, quantifying the fluctuation frequency of the water surface by the dimensionless parameter Y, obtaining the water surface roughness sigma and the dimensionless parameter Y in a calculating way, quantifying the fluctuation amplitude of the water surface by the water surface roughness sigma, quantifying the fluctuation frequency of the water surface by the dimensionless parameter Y, when the sigma value is higher, the water surface fluctuation amplitude is larger, and when the Y value is higher, the water surface fluctuation frequency is larger, so that the water surface fluctuation is more intense, and further providing a novel method for quantifying the water surface fluctuation, and compensating the blank of quantifying the water surface fluctuation.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, when the volume fractions of water contents of different water depths and different flow rates are measured by adopting an invasive conductivity phase detection probe, preliminary treatment is carried out by adopting a single threshold theorem, one voltage between air and water is selected as a threshold voltage, as shown in fig. 2, when the measured voltage is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, 0 is taken in the air, and 1 is taken in the water when the measured voltage is smaller than the threshold voltage, so that external interference is conveniently calculated and eliminated, the signal processing result is shown in fig. 3, the peak and tiny fluctuation with incomplete fluctuation are completely ignored, the condition that the probe contacts the water and the air is simply and clearly displayed, and finally, the average value is used as the volume fraction of the water contents of the different flow rates and the water depths, so that the method is simple and rapid to process the original data, can be applied to complex flow conditions and larger signal sizes, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
,
wherein V f is a measurement sample, V f is the volume fraction of the water content, n is the total sample number, f is the nth sample, and the value is 1-n.
The position of the invasive conductivity phase detection probe moves vertically upwards by 0.01 cm-0.02 cm.
When a signal diagram is drawn, the horizontal axis represents the volume fraction, the vertical axis represents the vertical moving distance of the invasive conductivity phase detection probe, and the corresponding scale distance is taken as the zero point when the volume fraction is 0.5.
When the signal diagram is used for fitting out the scale parameter sigma to represent the water surface roughness, froude numbers are introduced, different water depth ratios and different flows are converted into different Froude numbers, sigma values under the different Froude numbers are obtained, the Pelson correlation coefficient is used for analyzing the correlation between the Froude numbers and sigma, positive correlation is obtained between the Froude numbers and sigma, and therefore sigma is used for representing the water surface roughness.
Wherein, the calculation formula of the water surface roughness is as follows:
,
Wherein V f is the volume fraction of the water content, sigma is the roughness of the water surface, Representing the vertical distance of the ascent,Is a natural logarithm.
The calculation formula of the dimensionless parameters is as follows:
,
in the formula, For the vertical distance between the first probe and the third probe,Y is a dimensionless parameter for the time difference between the interface contacting the first probe and the interface contacting the third probe,For the vertical interface velocity between the three probes,Is the flow rate of pure water in the horizontal direction.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 4, experiments were performed using a plexiglass tube having a length of 8m and a diameter of 0.3m, the experiments were supplied with water from two water tanks, the water stored in the water tanks was controlled by valves, and the flow rate thereof was measured by electromagnetic flow meters. The manufactured invasive conductivity phase detection probe is fixed on an adjustable scale bracket, an opening with the diameter of 0.06m is formed above the position 5.5m away from a pipeline outlet, the invasive conductivity phase detection probe is vertically placed, the position of the invasive conductivity phase detection probe can be controlled by a vernier scale, the moving distance can be controlled to be 0.01cm, ten groups of working conditions with different flow rates are arranged at the water depth ratio of 0.5 and 0.6, the experimental working conditions are shown in the following table 1, the probe is completely immersed at the beginning of each group of experiments, the line is communicated when the probe contacts the water surface, and the data in 60s are recorded by a collecting card. And (3) after the position of the probe is adjusted up by 0.01 cm-0.02 cm, continuing to collect the probe, repeating the operation until the probe completely leaves the water surface, and repeating the experiment for five times each time.
Table 1 table of experimental conditions
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, after the data is subjected to the condition processing, a signal diagram can be drawn, the horizontal axis is the volume fraction, the vertical axis is the vertical movement distance, the corresponding scale distance is zero when the volume fraction is 0.5, and the signal diagram can be divided into two parts of water surface and air, the distribution trend of the two parts is similar, the trend of a curve close to two ends of the coordinate axis is relatively gentle, the fluctuation of the middle section is severe, and the data suddenly drop, because the water-gas mixing phenomenon is not obvious at the two ends, the volume fraction of the part close to the airless area is close to 1, the measuring point is mostly underwater, the measuring point tends to 0 the other end and is located in the upper area, the measuring point is mostly in the air, and the water-gas mixing phenomenon is obvious along with the rise of the measuring point.
As can be seen from table 1 and fig. 7, under the same water depth ratio, the inclination degree of the curve gradually increases with the increase of the flow rate, and thus, one parameter is presumed to be present to measure the fluctuation degree of the water surface, in order to quantify this phenomenon, the concept of the froude number (Fr) is introduced, different water depth ratios and different flow rates are converted into different frs, and the characteristics of the water surface fluctuation under different conditions can be accurately described and compared, so that the data is fitted with normal distribution to obtain sigma values under different frs.
As shown in fig. 7, σ is calculated for different flow conditions, according to the measured working conditions Fr, the σ value varies between 0.18 and 0.6, and as Fr increases, the measured σ tends to increase, and the pearson correlation coefficient is used to analyze the correlation between σ and Fr, where the pearson correlation coefficient is above 0.90 and at most 0.98, which indicates that there is a strong positive correlation between σ and Fr, indicating that the surface roughness can be characterized by σ.
For the same Fr, a higher water depth ratio generally corresponds to a higher σ value, which indicates that the water surface variation is more severe, the increase in σ value tends to be from fast to slow with the increase in Fr in the experiment, the variation in σ is minimal with a water depth ratio of 0.5, consistent with the concentrated distribution of the graph of fig. 3, and under this particular condition, the overall variation in the water surface fluctuation is smaller, resulting in a corresponding decrease in the variation range of the actual measured value and σ, which consistency laterally verifies the reliability of the σ value.
Example 2
And measuring the interface speed of the contact interface of the probes by using the invasive conductivity phase detection probe, and vertically placing the first probe, the second probe and the third probe, wherein the first probe is positioned at the middle position, the second probe is close to the incoming direction of the water flow, and the third probe is positioned at the outgoing direction of the water flow. As the surface waves flow laterally, they strike the three probes in sequence. By analyzing the signal contrast among the three probes, the time required for the water surface fluctuation to propagate from the front probe to the tail probe can be accurately estimated.
The signals generated by the contact of different probes on the water surface at the same time have certain similarity, and the time from the deviation of the long needle signal and the short needle signal can be calculated by comparingThe time offset of two signals when the similarity is maximized can be accurately calculated through a cross-correlation algorithm, the offset is the time delay between the two signals, in view of the fact that the measurement data volume related by the method is huge, in the time delay estimation process, the window sliding technology is adopted to process the data, the average time delay is calculated, specifically, each window is set to contain 2000 data points, the accuracy and the stability of time delay estimation are improved in this way, and finally the interface speed can be calculated through the vector triangle rule.
As shown in fig. 8, vi and Vw can be used to calculate the actual interface velocity, and the dimensionless parameter Y is obtained by comparing the distance between the interface velocity and the water flow velocity over a time interval (Δt), where a higher Y value corresponds to a higher ratio of the actual water-to-air contact area to the control volume area in one direction, i.e. a higher degree of "folding" of the water surface in that direction, assuming that the interface area expansion is uniform, and where the magnitude of the fluctuation in different directions is the same, the physical meaning of Y 2 is the ratio of the actual interface area to the projected water surface area at a volume fraction of 0.5, and the larger the Y value is, which means that the longer the movement distance at the water-to-air interface, i.e. the larger the fluctuation at the interface, is. Thus, Y can be used to quantify the fluctuations in the water surface.
The range of Y values at 0.5, with a minimum, substantially fluctuating up and down at 1.3, suggests that at this particular water depth ratio, the water surface fluctuations are relatively small and the flow pattern remains relatively stable with the Fr variation, consistent with the nearly identical water surface fluctuation profile observed in fig. 8.
Another explanation of the Y value is the frequency of the fluctuation, and the higher the Y value, the more severe the fluctuation of the water surface at the corresponding measurement position, and therefore, as can be seen from fig. 8, the higher the Fr flow rate indicates the lower the change frequency (e.g., the longer the change period), and the higher the σ value indicates the larger the change amplitude.
It will be understood that the invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, and that various changes and equivalents may be made to these features and embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for measuring and evaluating water surface fluctuations, comprising the steps of:
Measuring volume fractions of water contents of different water depths and different flow rates by adopting an invasive conductivity phase detection probe, measuring again after vertically moving the position of the invasive conductivity phase detection probe upwards, repeating the measurement for a plurality of times to obtain a plurality of groups of data, performing conditional processing on the plurality of groups of data, drawing a signal diagram, and fitting a scale parameter sigma to represent the water surface roughness by utilizing the signal diagram so as to quantify the water surface fluctuation amplitude by the water surface roughness sigma;
Measuring the interface speed of a probe in contact with an air-water interface by adopting an invasive conductivity phase detection probe, vertically placing a first probe, a second probe and a third probe, wherein the first probe is positioned at a middle position, the second probe is close to the incoming direction of water flow, the third probe is positioned in the outgoing direction of water flow, obtaining the time required by the water surface fluctuation to propagate from a long needle to a short needle by analyzing the signal contrast among the three probes, and calculating the time to obtain a dimensionless parameter Y, thereby quantifying the water surface fluctuation frequency by the dimensionless parameter Y;
The calculation formula of the water surface roughness is as follows:
,
Wherein V f is the volume fraction of the water content, sigma is the roughness of the water surface, Representing the vertical distance of the ascent,Is natural logarithm;
the calculation formula of the dimensionless parameters is as follows:
,
in the formula, For the vertical distance between the first probe and the third probe,Y is a dimensionless parameter for the time difference between the interface contacting the first probe and the interface contacting the third probe,For the vertical interface velocity between the three probes,Is the flow rate of pure water in the horizontal direction.
2. The method for measuring and evaluating water surface fluctuation according to claim 1, wherein when the invasive conductivity phase detection probe is used for measuring volume fractions of water contents of different water depths and different flow rates, a single threshold theorem is adopted for preliminary treatment, one voltage between air and water is selected as a threshold voltage, 0 is taken in the air when the measured voltage is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage, 1 is taken in the water when the measured voltage is smaller than the threshold voltage, and finally an average value is used for serving as the volume fractions of the water contents of the different water depths and the different flow rates, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
,
Wherein v f is a measurement sample, n is the total number of samples, f is the nth sample, and the value is 1-n.
3. The method for measuring and evaluating water surface fluctuation according to claim 1, wherein the distance of upward vertical movement of the position of the invasive conductivity phase detecting probe is 0.01cm to 0.02cm.
4. The method for measuring and evaluating water surface fluctuation according to claim 1, wherein when a signal diagram is drawn, a horizontal axis represents volume fraction, a vertical axis represents vertical movement distance of the invasive conductivity phase detection probe, and a corresponding scale distance is zero when the volume fraction is 0.5.
5. The method for measuring and evaluating the water surface fluctuation according to claim 1, wherein when the scale parameter sigma is fitted by using a signal diagram to represent the water surface roughness, the friedel is introduced, different water depth ratios and different flows are converted into different friedel, sigma values under the different friedel are obtained, the correlation between the friedel and sigma is analyzed by adopting a pearson correlation coefficient, and positive correlation is obtained between the friedel and sigma, so that the sigma is used for representing the water surface roughness.
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| DE19859877A1 (en) * | 1998-12-23 | 2000-06-29 | Robert Magerle | Nanotomography |
| US7040157B2 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2006-05-09 | North Carolina State University | Variable depth automated dynamic water profiler |
| US6915214B2 (en) * | 2003-05-19 | 2005-07-05 | Dispersion Technology, Inc. | Method for determining electric properties of particles in liquids by means of combined electroacoustic and complex conductivity measurement |
| US20240295542A1 (en) * | 2023-03-01 | 2024-09-05 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | In-Situ Mechanical Characterization Of Cement Sheath Exposed To Chemical Species |
| CN117029741B (en) * | 2023-08-22 | 2024-07-02 | 大连理工大学 | Method for measuring thickness, roughness and interface rigidity of coating by ultrasonic phase derivative spectrum |
| CN117347728A (en) * | 2023-09-06 | 2024-01-05 | 宁波大学 | Invasive conductivity phase detection probe, system and detection method |
| CN117852219A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-04-09 | 东南大学 | A forward modeling method for electromagnetic response of urban road pipeline leakage based on coupling of seepage field and electromagnetic field |
| CN117612611A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2024-02-27 | 华北电力大学 | A numerical simulation method for two-phase flow in the catalytic layer of fuel cells using Janus type wetting |
| CN118500308B (en) * | 2024-07-09 | 2024-10-18 | 中山大学 | Method for measuring icing thickness and water level of water surface, computer device and storage medium |
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| CN116337948A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-27 | 天津科技大学 | Two-phase flow pattern recognition method based on symbol recursion graph convolution network |
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