CN120177385A - A time-sharing measurement device and method for carbon content in flue fly ash - Google Patents
A time-sharing measurement device and method for carbon content in flue fly ash Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to a device for measuring carbon content in flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner, which mainly comprises a sampler, a detection component and a control module. The sampler is provided with a plurality of sampling pipes, each sampling pipe is provided with a regulating valve, and time-sharing sampling is realized through PLC logic control, so that fine coverage of the whole time period is ensured. The separation component separates the fly ash from the gas and collects the fly ash sample, the detection component integrates the spectrum analysis unit and the data processing unit, the spectrum analysis is carried out on the fly ash sample, and the carbon content is calculated. The application further selects the multi-dimensional equipment process parameters and fly ash measurement data, adopts an evolution optimization algorithm to simultaneously optimize a plurality of objective functions such as fly ash carbon content, combustion efficiency, system stability and the like, realizes global optimization, fully considers the dependency relationship among the process parameters, avoids sinking into a local optimal solution, improves the optimization efficiency, can systematically coordinate contradiction relationship among targets, realizes the maximization of the system operation efficiency while detecting the fly ash, and ensures that the combustion system stably operates.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of measurement of carbon content in fly ash, in particular to a device and a method for measuring carbon content in flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner.
Background
In the field of modern industrial production, especially in energy-intensive industries such as coal-fired power generation, the carbon content of boiler fly ash is used as a key index for measuring combustion efficiency and energy utilization efficiency, and the importance of accurate, online and real-time monitoring is increasingly prominent. With the global increased attention to energy conservation, emission reduction and efficient resource utilization, optimizing the combustion process, improving the energy conversion efficiency and reducing the pollutant emission have become a core issue for industry development. The accurate measurement of the carbon content of the boiler fly ash can directly reflect the economy of unit operation and guide the timely adjustment and optimization of combustion conditions, thereby reducing the coal consumption and improving the economic benefit.
Although various online measurement techniques for the carbon content of the fly ash are proposed and applied to practice at present, including a microwave absorption method, an infrared reflection method, a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy method and the like, the problems of sensitivity to the mineral content of the fly ash and the change of the coal variety are common in the methods, so that the deviation of measurement results is larger, and the universality is insufficient. Specifically, the variations in the mineral content and the coal species of the fly ash can cause the above methods to deviate by 30%, 50% and 40%, respectively, severely affecting the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. In addition, the traditional measuring method such as the firing weightlessness method is simple in principle, is complex in operation, time-consuming and labor-consuming, cannot provide real-time data, and is difficult to meet the requirements of modern industrial production on real-time monitoring and adjustment of the combustion process.
In the aspect of on-line measurement technology, although capacitance methods, microwave methods and the like realize continuous monitoring of the carbon content of fly ash to a certain extent, the methods also face a plurality of challenges. The capacitive method is easily interfered by the factors such as the falling ash impact force, the fly ash temperature and the like, so that the measurement accuracy is unstable, and the problems that the device is easy to block, the measurement result is greatly influenced by environmental factors and the like are solved by the microwave method, so that long-term stable operation and high-accuracy measurement are difficult to ensure. More importantly, most of the existing measuring devices only can provide an overall average value of the carbon content of the fly ash, and cannot meet the requirement of time-sharing measurement of the carbon content change of the fly ash in different time periods. In actual production, the combustion working condition changes obviously along with time, and the knowledge of the time distribution characteristics of the carbon content of the fly ash is of great importance for in-depth analysis of the combustion process, accurate positioning of the fluctuation cause of the combustion efficiency and formulation of a targeted optimization strategy.
In summary, the development of a device capable of overcoming the limitation of the prior art and realizing high-precision, online, real-time and time-sharing measurement of the carbon content of the flue fly ash has important significance in improving combustion efficiency and optimizing energy utilization, and is a technical problem to be solved in the current industrial production field.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a device for measuring carbon content in flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner, which can realize time-sharing sampling, efficient separation, accurate detection and automatic control, solves the problems of complicated operation, easy blockage of a sampling tube, low precision, incapability of time-sharing measurement and the like in the prior art, and can provide richer data support for optimizing a combustion process. The device for measuring the carbon content in the flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner comprises a sampler, a detection component and a control module;
The sampler comprises more than two sampling pipes, separating parts and cleaning parts, wherein the openings of the sampling pipes are arranged at a plurality of different positions, each sampling pipe comprises a regulating valve, the regulating valve controls the flow and the opening and the closing of the sampling pipe, at most only one opening of the sampling pipe is ensured to be opened in a period of time, each sampling pipe comprises at least one separating part, the separating parts separate fly ash from gas and collect the fly ash, the cleaning parts comprise a purging pipe, and the purging pipe provides clean gas to independently clean the different sampling pipes and the separating parts;
The detection component comprises a spectrum analysis unit and a data processing unit, wherein the spectrum analysis unit performs spectrum analysis on collected fly ash to obtain spectrum characteristic information of the fly ash, and the data processing unit calculates the carbon content of the fly ash according to the spectrum characteristic information and a corresponding relation model of the spectrum characteristic and the carbon content.
In one embodiment, the opening of the sampling tube is tapered.
In one embodiment, the gas outlet of the separation element is connected to the gas inlet of the cleaning element.
In one embodiment, a multi-channel control valve is also included that controls the gas outlet of the separation element to communicate with the purge tube of the other sampling tube when one sampling tube is sampling.
In one embodiment, the control module further comprises a data statistics unit, wherein the data statistics unit comprises a statistics model, and the statistics model establishes a corresponding relation between the technological parameters of the equipment and the carbon content in the fly ash according to the obtained fly ash measurement data.
In one embodiment, the control module further comprises a data statistics unit, wherein the data statistics unit comprises a statistics model, and the statistics model establishes a corresponding relation between the technological parameters of the equipment and the carbon content in the fly ash according to the obtained fly ash measurement data.
In one embodiment, the control module further comprises an equipment process adjustment unit, wherein the equipment process adjustment unit comprises a process adjustment model, and an adjustment signal of the equipment process is automatically output according to the acquired process parameters of the equipment and fly ash measurement data.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises performing a mutation operation on the new individual generated after the crossing.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of calculating the fitness of the new individuals, selecting the new generation of individuals according to the fitness, and reserving the individuals with higher fitness to enter the next generation.
In addition, the application further provides a time-sharing measurement method for carbon content in flue fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
by using the flue fly ash carbon-containing time-sharing measuring device, the regulating valve is arranged at the inlet end of the sampling tube, one sampling tube in the sampler is opened through the regulating valve, and other sampling tubes are closed;
the gas passing through the sampling tube enters a separation component to separate the fly ash from the gas and collect the fly ash;
Carrying out spectrum analysis on the collected fly ash to obtain spectrum characteristic information of the fly ash, and calculating the carbon content of the fly ash according to the spectrum characteristic information and a corresponding relation model of the spectrum characteristic and the carbon content;
wherein, when one sampling tube is collected and detected, the other sampling tube is cleaned.
In one embodiment, one sampling tube is closed and the other sampling tube which is cleaned is opened for sampling and detection.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
According to the application, two or more sampling pipes are arranged through unique design, and the time-sharing accurate sampling of the flue fly ash is realized by combining an electric regulating valve and an advanced control system. The method ensures the accurate acquisition of the carbon content of the fly ash in different time periods, greatly enriches the data dimension of the combustion process analysis, enables the fine evaluation and optimization adjustment of the combustion efficiency to be possible, and provides data support for improving the overall combustion economy.
By adopting the separator and the cleaning component, the seamless and efficient transfer of the fly ash from the flue to the analysis system is realized, the conveying efficiency of the fly ash is greatly improved, the complete separation of the fly ash and the gas is realized by the effective action of the cyclone separator, and the loss and pollution of the fly ash in the conveying and subsequent treatment processes are reduced, so that the accuracy and the reliability of the measurement result are ensured.
The advanced spectrum analyzer is combined with the high-efficiency data processing module, so that the rapid and high-precision detection of the carbon content of the fly ash can be realized, the analysis of a large number of samples can be completed in a short time, and a dynamic graph of the carbon content of the fly ash changing along with time can be generated in real time through a built-in intelligent algorithm, thereby providing an intuitive and easily understood combustion process monitoring interface for operators, being convenient for timely adjusting a combustion strategy and optimizing a combustion effect.
The whole measuring device control system performs unified scheduling and management, realizes full-flow automatic control from sampling, conveying and separation to detection and analysis, can be combined with a production process control system, and can automatically adjust the production process, so that the operation flow is simplified, the manual operation error is reduced, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved. In conclusion, the application realizes time-sharing accurate measurement, efficient stable treatment, rapid high-precision detection and high-automation control of the carbon content of the flue fly ash through a series of improved technical characteristics, and provides a new technical scheme for improving combustion efficiency, optimizing energy utilization and reducing operation cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring carbon content in flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring carbon content in flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner according to another embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional parametric space trajectory of a conventional approach;
FIG. 4 is a spatial trace diagram of three-dimensional parameters of an algorithm in the flue fly ash carbon-containing time-sharing measuring device of the application;
FIG. 5 is a double-objective optimization comparison chart of algorithm and conventional method in the flue fly ash carbon-containing time-sharing measuring device of the application;
Fig. 6-8 are graphs showing the algorithm and the dynamic stability of the conventional method in the device for measuring the carbon content in the flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner according to the application under different process parameters.
The reference numerals indicate 100, a sampler, 110, a sampling tube, 120, a separation part, 130, a cleaning part, 131, a purge pipe, 140, a regulating valve, 200, a detection part, 210, a spectrum analysis unit, 220, a data processing unit, 300, a control module, 400 and a flue.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the application will be readily understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present application are shown in the drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof herein are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
In the coal-fired power generation and a plurality of industrial combustion processes, flue fly ash is used as a byproduct of combustion, and the carbon content of the flue fly ash is not only a key index for evaluating the combustion efficiency and the energy utilization level, but also the feasibility and the economic benefit of the subsequent fly ash resource utilization are directly related. Although the traditional fly ash carbon content measuring method, such as a firing weightlessness method, can provide a certain reference, has the limitations of complicated operation, long time consumption, incapability of real-time monitoring and the like, and is difficult to meet the requirements of modern industry on the fine management of the combustion process. The existing online measurement technology, such as a capacitance method, a microwave method and the like, is limited to be widely applied due to the problems of easy interference by environmental factors, insufficient measurement precision, easy blockage and failure of the device and the like. In view of this, it is important to develop a device capable of measuring the carbon content of flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner with high efficiency, accuracy and real time. The application relates to a device for measuring carbon content in flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner, which is designed for solving the problems, and aims to realize accurate and continuous monitoring of the carbon content in the flue fly ash by innovative technical means, thereby providing a basis for optimizing and adjusting a combustion process and comprehensively utilizing the fly ash. Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a flue 400 carbon-containing time-sharing measurement device according to a preferred embodiment of the present application includes a sampler 100, a detecting unit 200 and a control module 300, wherein the sampler 100 includes two or more sampling tubes 110, a separating unit 120 and a cleaning unit 130, the openings of the sampling tubes 110 are disposed at a plurality of different positions, each sampling tube 110 includes a regulating valve 140, the regulating valve 140 controls the flow rate and opening and closing of the sampling tube 110, and ensures that at most only one sampling tube 110 is opened in a period of time, each sampling tube 110 includes at least one separating unit 120, the separating unit 120 separates the fly ash from the gas and collects the fly ash, the cleaning unit 130 includes a purge tube 131, the purge tube 131 provides the clean gas to independently clean the different sampling tubes 110, the separating unit 120, the detecting unit 200 includes a spectrum analysis unit 210 and a data processing unit 220, the spectrum analysis unit 210 performs the spectrum characteristic analysis on the collected fly ash, and the spectrum characteristic data of the spectrum characteristic data and the spectrum characteristic data processing unit calculates the spectrum characteristic data and the spectrum characteristic data of the carbon-containing sample.
The device for measuring the carbon content of the fly ash in the flue 400 in a time-sharing manner is used as equipment for monitoring the combustion process, and realizes high-efficiency, accurate and real-time measurement of the carbon content of the fly ash, and the device mainly comprises three core parts of a sampler 100, a detection component 200 and a control module 300. First, the sampler 100 is partially configured with more than two sampling tubes 110, with the openings of these sampling tubes 110 being arranged at a plurality of different locations within the flue 400 to capture fly ash samples in different areas, for different periods of time. Each sampling tube 110 is provided with a regulating valve 140, so that the flow of the sampling tube 110 can be flexibly controlled, the opening and closing of the sampling tube 110 can be realized, and the design ensures that at most one sampling tube 110 is in an opening state in a time period, thereby realizing the aim of time-sharing sampling. Each sampling tube 110 also incorporates at least one separation component 120 for separating fly ash from gas and accurately collecting a fly ash sample to provide a high quality feedstock for subsequent analysis.
In the prior art, the real-time detection is usually performed by selecting interval time periods or accumulating the fly ash for a period of time, which can lead to that the fly ash is not detected at some time points, or the fly ash for a period of time is taken as a result of one time point, which can lead to poor real-time performance.
Because the application adopts a plurality of sampling pipes 110 and a plurality of positions, in order to ensure the accuracy of the test, the paths of the sampling pipes 110 and the separating devices are required to be ensured not to be mutually influenced among a plurality of tests, the cleanness and the high efficiency of the sampling process are ensured, the cross contamination and the blockage problem in the sampling process are effectively prevented, the sampler 100 is also provided with a cleaning component 130, and a purging pipe 131 is used as a core component for providing clean gas to independently clean different sampling pipes 110 and separating components 120. In terms of the detection component 200, the device integrates two modules of a spectrum analysis unit 210 and a data processing unit 220. The spectrum analysis unit 210 performs fine spectrum analysis on the collected fly ash sample by using advanced spectrum analysis technology, and extracts the spectrum characteristic information of the fly ash. The data processing unit 220 calculates the carbon content data of the fly ash by algorithm based on the spectral feature information and combining the pre-established corresponding relation model of the spectral feature and the carbon content.
The application firstly realizes real-time detection and time-sharing sampling, and realizes time-sharing sampling by configuring a plurality of sampling pipes 110 and utilizing PLC logic control, and the device can complete the detection of the fly ash in a smaller time unit, thereby getting rid of the time limit of the traditional detection method, realizing real-time detection in the true sense, not only improving the timeliness of detection, but also providing possibility for the fine analysis of the combustion process, so that an operator can adjust the combustion strategy in time according to real-time data and optimize the combustion efficiency. The introduction of the cleaning member 130, particularly the design of the purge tube 131, effectively avoids the pollution problem in the sampling process, and the periodic purging of the clean gas not only maintains the cleanliness of the sampling tube 110 and the separation member 120, but also ensures the purity of the fly ash sample, thereby improving the detection accuracy. Meanwhile, because cross contamination is avoided, stability and reliability of a detection result are improved. In sum, the flue 400 fly ash carbon content time-sharing measuring device realizes accurate and real-time measurement of the flue 400 fly ash carbon content through the unique design of the sampler 100, the efficient detection component 200 and the intelligent control module 300.
The opening of the sampling tube 110 is designed as a conical structure, the conical opening considers the complex airflow environment in the flue 400, the minimized interference on the airflow distribution in the flue 400 is realized through the unique geometric optimization, and the tapered shape can effectively guide the airflow in the flue 400, so that the vortex and turbulence phenomena generated by the existence of the sampling tube 110 are reduced. The design avoids the turbulence of air flow possibly caused by the opening of the traditional straight pipe, thereby ensuring that fly ash particles can flow in the flue 400 according to the natural state, and improving the probability and accuracy of capturing the fly ash particles in the sampling process. The tapered opening design also optimizes the flow passage of the gas stream so that the gas in the flue 400 can more smoothly flow through the sampling tube 110, reducing the pressure loss due to the blocked gas stream. This not only helps to maintain a steady flow of air within the stack 400, but also reduces the increase in energy consumption that may result from increased air flow resistance, improving the operating efficiency of the overall system. The design of the tapered opening also allows for ease of cleaning and maintenance. The smooth surface and the gradually shrinking shape of the fly ash collector make fly ash particles not easy to accumulate at the opening in the sampling process, and the blocking problem caused by the accumulation of the fly ash is reduced. At the same time, this design also facilitates the periodic cleaning of the sampling tube 110 by the operator using cleaning tools, ensuring a continuous and efficient sampling process.
The gas outlet of the separation component 120 may be firmly and hermetically connected with the gas inlet of the cleaning component 130 through a connection structure, and may be selectively connected to a gas storage tank to store the standby gas according to actual requirements, or directly connected to the purge tube 131 to realize an instant purge function, so that a gas transmission path between the separation component 120 and the cleaning component 130 may be rapidly adjusted according to specific application scenarios and operation requirements. Whether the gas storage tank is connected to store gas or the purge pipe 131 is directly connected to purge the gas in real time, the flexibility and the adaptability of the system are improved, the separation part 120 and the cleaning part 130 are integrated in a standardized and modularized connection mode, and the modularized design of the whole system is facilitated.
The system is also integrated with a multi-channel control valve, and when one sampling tube 110 is in a sampling working state during the operation of the system, the multi-channel control valve can quickly respond according to preset logic to automatically control the gas outlet of the separation component 120 to be communicated with the purging tube 131 matched with the other sampling tube 110 in a non-sampling state (i.e. an idle state). Through the intelligent switching mechanism, the efficient coordination and parallel processing of the sampling and purging operation are realized, the overall efficiency of the sampling and purging can be improved, the parallel operation is realized, the traditional sampling and purging processes are often performed sequentially, namely, after one sampling tube 110 finishes sampling, the other sampling tube 110 can be purged, and obvious waiting time waste exists in the mode. The arrangement of the multi-channel control valve breaks this limitation, so that the sampling and purging operations can be carried out simultaneously. For example, when one sampling tube 110 continues to collect fly ash, the other sampling tube 110 can be synchronously purged to remove residual fly ash and impurities in the tube, so that the tube is ready for the next sampling, the whole sampling period is greatly shortened, and the overall operation efficiency of the system is improved. The flow connection time is reduced, the connection time between sampling and purging flows is reduced by the rapid switching function of the multichannel control valve, the communication switching between the gas outlet and the purging pipe 131 of different sampling pipes 110 can be completed, the continuity and fluency of the sampling and purging processes are ensured, and the working efficiency is further improved. Through reasonable scheduling of the multi-channel control valve, each sampling tube 110 can be fully utilized, and in the sampling process, the sampling tube 110 in a non-sampling state can be purged and maintained in time. The multi-channel control valve can dynamically adjust the distribution of gas resources according to the actual requirements of sampling and purging, when the sampling tube 110 needs more gas for sampling, the gas supply can be preferentially ensured, and in the purging process, the sufficient gas flow of the purging tube 131 can be ensured to achieve an effective purging effect, and the intelligent gas resource distribution mode enables the system resources to be more reasonably utilized, and improves the resource utilization efficiency. The accurate control of the multi-channel control valve ensures the independence of the sampling and purging processes, and when one sampling tube 110 is used for sampling, the gas outlet of the separation component 120 is communicated with the purging tube 131 of the other sampling tube 110, so that the mutual interference and cross contamination between the sampling gas and the purging gas are avoided, the accuracy and the reliability of sampling data are ensured, the repeatability and the comparability of the sampling data are improved, and a more accurate and reliable basis is provided for the subsequent data analysis and processing.
The cleaning component 130 further includes a discharge pipe, the tail end of which is directly led to the flue 400, so that a complete and efficient system for discharging cleaned waste is formed, and the added discharge pipe is directly led to the flue 400, so that the cleaned waste can be quickly and smoothly discharged into the flue 400 through the discharge pipe, the intermediate link treatment is not needed, the waste treatment process is greatly simplified, the workload of operators is reduced, and the overall working efficiency is improved. The exhaust pipe directly leads to the setting of flue 400 for the connection between cleaning element 130 and the flue 400 is inseparabler, has reduced the occupation space of intermediate pipeline and equipment, and the design of compactification is favorable to rationally laying out entire system in limited space, has improved space utilization, makes equipment installation more nimble, can adapt to the requirement of different place conditions.
The detecting unit 200 may further include a detecting unit 200 for detecting the cleanliness of the sampling tube 110, integrating sensor technology and intelligent algorithm, detecting the cleanliness of the inner wall of the sampling tube 110 accurately in real time, capturing tiny particles, impurities and possible pollutants remained on the inner wall of the sampling tube 110, transmitting the detected data to the control system in real time, and performing rapid analysis and processing on the data by the intelligent algorithm to accurately judge whether the cleaning state of the sampling tube 110 meets the preset cleaning standard, thereby providing powerful guarantee for the reliable operation of the whole detecting system. The cleaning problem of the sampling tube 110 can be found timely by the cleaning detection component 200 of the sampling tube 110, the sampling tube 110 is ensured to be in a clean state before sampling, detection errors caused by pollution of the sampling tube 110 are effectively avoided, and the accuracy and reliability of detection results are improved. When the cleanliness of the sampling tube 110 is not satisfactory, the problems of blockage, unsmooth air flow and the like of the sampling tube 110 may be caused, so that the normal operation of the whole detection system is affected. The detection component 200 for the cleanliness of the sampling tube 110 can discover the potential problems in advance and give an alarm in time to remind an operator to take corresponding cleaning measures, so that system faults caused by the problems of the sampling tube 110 are avoided, and the running stability and reliability of the system are improved.
The device structure provided by the application realizes fine division and accurate measurement of time periods, but due to fluctuation of process conditions, change of fly ash components and complex interrelation in the combustion process, the conventional optimization method is difficult to adapt to multi-dimensional and multi-objective optimization demands, and most of the conventional optimization methods rely on a single objective function for optimization, so that all key parameters cannot be considered in the multi-objective optimization problem, and neglect or optimization imbalance of certain parameters are easy to cause. In addition, conventional optimization methods such as gradient descent methods and genetic algorithms often face the problems of long calculation time and local optimal solutions, especially in multidimensional space, the optimization results are easily plagued by the local optimal solutions, and therefore, the prior art has obvious defects in the optimization of dynamic and complex systems.
Based on the above, the application further provides a related control strategy, in which the process adjustment model is integrated according to the structure of the device, the multidimensional parameters are selected for comprehensive consideration, the process parameters of the equipment comprise a, b and c, the measured data of the fly ash comprise x, y and z, the process parameters of three equipment with highest correlation degree and the measured data of the three fly ash are selected to be applied to the adjustment model, a is defined as a first process parameter, b is a second process parameter, c is a third process parameter, x is first fly ash data, y is second fly ash data, z is third fly ash data, and the change proportion of the process parameters of the equipment relative to the standard value is selected, for example, the temperature, the air flow speed and the air oxygen content are selected, the carbon content, the fly ash content and the particle size are selected, and corresponding more relevant data can be selected under different test scenes.
In order to solve the problem, the application adopts an evolution optimization algorithm based on multi-objective optimization, and optimizes a plurality of objective functions simultaneously by comprehensively considering the relation between the technological parameters of equipment and the fly ash data, thereby ensuring the corresponding relation between the technological parameters and the fly ash data, and further accurately carrying out balance adjustment, adaptively searching the optimal solution through the evolution process, avoiding sinking into local optimal, and finally achieving the global optimization goal, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
defining an objective function and initializing, wherein the objective function is the relation between technological parameters and fly ash data, setting the objective function as a weighted combination form of a plurality of targets, and each target represents a different optimization target, wherein the formula is as follows:
at the objective function In the calculation formula of (a),To minimize the error between the process parameters and the carbon content of the fly ash, i.e. to ensure that the difference between the carbon content of the fly ash and the expected value is minimized under different process conditions, is a relation between the process parameters and the carbon content of the fly ash.
In one embodiment, the relationship between the process parameter and the fly ash carbon content is calculated by calculating the relative error between the actual measured value and the target value to ensure that the error between the target value and the actual fly ash carbon content is minimized, expressed as:
In the formula, Is carried out by the current process parametersThe measured carbon content of the fly ash; Is the target fly ash carbon content, based on fly ash data The calculated reference value is usually calculated by historical data or a theoretical model, for example, set to 0.1.
At the objective functionIn the calculation formula of (a),The aim is to minimize energy consumption and to increase combustion efficiency, to reduce fuel consumption by optimizing process parameters, while ensuring stability of the combustion process, as an optimization goal of combustion efficiency. In one embodiment, the optimization objective of the combustion efficiency reflects the optimization degree of the combustion efficiency by calculating the gap between the maximum theoretical efficiency and the actual efficiency, and the optimization degree of the combustion efficiency is considered to maximize the combustion efficiency, and the influence caused by the process parameter change is eliminated by utilizing the relative combustion efficiency, so that the combustion optimization can be adaptively adjusted under different process conditions, and the combustion efficiency fluctuation caused by the equipment characteristic or the coal variety change is avoided, and the calculation mode is expressed as follows:
In the formula, Is the maximum value of theoretical combustion efficiency, and is generally determined by factors such as combustion working conditions, coal types, equipment types and the like, for example, the maximum value is set to be 0.85; Is the actual combustion efficiency at the current process parameters, e.g., set to 0.63.
At the objective functionIn the calculation formula of (a),For the stability goal of the system, the aim is to ensure the stable operation of the equipment process, ensure the operation stability of the system and reduce the failure rate and the maintenance cost. In one embodiment, the stability objective of the system is to ensure long-term stability of the equipment during combustion by minimizing fluctuations in the equipment process, expressed as:
In the formula, Respectively the firstProcess parameter values at time of day, definitionAs a value of a first process parameter,As a value of a second process parameter,Is a third process parameter value; Respectively the first Process parameter values at time of day, definitionAs a value of the fourth process parameter,As a value of the fifth process parameter,Is the sixth process parameter value; To monitor the time period. In this embodiment, the stability objective of the system evaluates the stability of the system by calculating the fluctuation amplitude of the process parameters, and if the process parameters change less over a plurality of time steps, it indicates that the system is more stable, and conversely, it indicates that the system is unstable.
At the objective functionIn the calculation formula of (a),The weight of the objective function reflects the importance of the carbon content, the combustion efficiency and the system stability of the fly ash in the whole optimization process, and is definedAs the weight of the first objective function,As the weight of the second objective function,Weights for the third objective function, satisfy. In one embodiment, the weighting factors may be adjusted, e.g., set, according to different production objectives (e.g., energy savings, increased combustion efficiency, or reduced system fluctuations)The total number of the components is 0.3,The total number of the components is 0.5,0.2.
Evolution optimization of parameters is carried out on the basis of the model, firstly, an initialization population is carried out, and the initial value of the technological parameters is usedAnd initial measurements of fly ash dataGenerating an initial population, each individual being represented as a candidate solution comprising different process parameters and fly ash data, the fitness of each individual in the initial population being determined by an objective functionAn evaluation is performed. And selecting individuals in the current population according to the fitness by adopting a roulette selection mechanism, and preferentially selecting individuals with higher fitness for reproduction. Performing cross operation on the selected individuals to generate new individuals, wherein the purpose of the cross operation is to generate a new solution space, so that the search range is enlarged, and the cross mode is the linear combination of technological parameters and fly ash data;
Because of the interdependence relationship between the process parameters (for example, the relationship between the temperature and the flow has a direct effect on the carbon content of the fly ash), in the traditional evolution algorithm, the crossover operation generally generates a child individual by linearly combining the process parameters of a parent individual, but the method cannot fully consider the complex nonlinear relationship among the carbon content of the fly ash, the combustion efficiency and the system stability;
In order to improve the effectiveness of the crossover operation, the application adopts the crossover operation based on the dependency relationship of the process parameters, enhances the interdependence among the parameters in the crossover process through a weighted crossover strategy, and specifically determines the dependency relationship among the process parameters based on the correlation analysis of historical data, and assumes the process parameters And (3) withAndIf the relation of (a) is strong, a higher cross weight can be given to the relation, and a dependency relation matrix can be setThe method comprises the following steps:
In the formula, Representative parametersOn its own (parameters)) The dependency degree between the two values is 0,1, and the like,Representative parametersAnd parametersThe degree of dependence between the two,Representative parametersAnd parametersAnd thus the degree of dependence between them. In one embodiment, the degree of dependence is calculated by performing a correlation analysis on historical process data to calculate the degree of dependence between process parameters, particularly using pearson correlation coefficients to quantify the linear relationship between two variables, e.g.,The calculation mode of (a) is expressed as follows:
In the formula, Is the firstA first process parameter value of the secondary measurement (corresponding to sample 1),Is the firstA second process parameter value of the secondary measurement (corresponding to sample 2),Is the average of the first process parameter values for all samples,Is the average of the second process parameter values for all samples,Is the number of samples (i.e., the total number of measurements). Comparing fig. 3 and fig. 4, comparing the difference between the traditional optimization method and the algorithm of the present application in the process parameter exploration ability through the three-dimensional parameter space trajectory visualization, verifying the improvement effect of the improved cross strategy on the global search efficiency, wherein the experimental result shows that the parameter search trajectory of the traditional method presents linear aggregation characteristics and is limited to a narrow local area, the parameter distribution of the present technology presents directional space diffusion characteristics, and more comprehensive space coverage is realized in three process parameter dimensions, which indicates that the algorithm breaks through the core advantage of the local optimum limitation, and the multidimensional collaborative search ability is due to the weighted cross mechanism guided by the dependency relation matrix, so that the parameter optimization process fully considers the nonlinear coupling characteristics among the process parameters.
Further, based on the above-mentioned dependency relationship, a weighted crossover is employed to generate a new individual process parameter, and the crossover operation is expressed as:
In the formula, For a randomly generated crossover coefficient, e.g., set to 0.3;
And The process parameters of the parent individuals are respectively the process parameters of the parent individuals in the last iteration; setting upIs the technological parameter of the first parent individual,Is the technological parameter of the second father-generation individual,Is the technological parameter of the third parent,Is the technological parameter of the fourth parent individual,Is the technological parameter of the fifth parent individual,The process parameters of the sixth parent are the process parameters of the sixth parent;
As a process parameter after the first crossover operation, Is the process parameter after the second crossover operation,Is the process parameter after the third crossover operation.
Then, carrying out mutation operation on new individuals generated after crossing, and randomly adjusting certain process parameters or fly ash data in the individuals to jump out a local optimal solution, wherein the method is expressed as:
In the formula, Is the variation amplitude of the technological parameters, and is setIs the variation amplitude of the first process parameter,Is the variation amplitude of the second process parameter,The variation amplitude of the third process parameter; Is the technological parameter after the first mutation operation, Is the technological parameter after the second mutation operation,Is the technological parameter after the third variation operation, rand is a random number, for example, the value interval is。
Calculating the fitness of the new individuals, selecting the new generation of individuals according to the fitness, and reserving the individuals with higher fitness to enter the next generation. In one embodiment, the fitness is calculated by a fitness function, and the fitness function is calculated by the following manner:
In the formula, As a fitness function.
In this example, an individual with a high fitness value indicates that its objective function value is small, i.e., it performs well in terms of fly ash carbon content, combustion efficiency, and system stability. And stopping the algorithm when the preset maximum iteration number or the adaptability is not improved significantly, and outputting an optimal solution, for example, the maximum iteration number is 1000 times. Referring to fig. 5, the essential difference of the multi-objective optimization effect is analyzed by adopting a dynamic scatter diagram, through analyzing the distribution of the double-objective optimization result of the carbon content error and the combustion efficiency loss of the fly ash and the performance in the multi-objective balance, the experimental result shows that the solution set of the traditional method presents a disordered dispersion state and lacks a clear optimization direction, the solution set of the technology forms a continuous pareto front with clear boundary, the parameter optimization degree and the objective function value presents regular distribution, the validity of the multi-objective weighted combination function and the evolution optimization framework is verified, the contradiction relation among the targets can be systematically coordinated by the algorithm, and the combustion efficiency maximization is realized while the fly ash quality control is ensured.
Referring to fig. 6 to 8, the dynamic change process of parameters in a continuous production scene is simulated through experiments by comparing the process stability performance in long-term operation with a multi-axis time sequence chart, the traditional method has the advantages that three key process parameters are periodically and greatly fluctuated due to lack of stability constraint, the change amplitude of each parameter is obviously reduced and the fluctuation frequency is gradually flattened through the inverse constraint of a stability objective function, the smooth parameter adjustment characteristic is derived from the accumulated punishment mechanism of an algorithm on the historical change quantity of the parameter, the design advantages of the technology in the aspects of controlling the parameter mutation and maintaining the stable operation of the system are reflected, and the system oscillation problem caused by the pursuing of a single objective extremum in the traditional optimization method is effectively solved.
In addition, the application further provides a method for measuring the carbon content of the flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner, which comprises the steps of using the device for measuring the carbon content of the flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner, arranging a regulating valve at the inlet end of a sampling pipe, opening one sampling pipe in a sampler through the regulating valve, closing other sampling pipes, enabling gas passing through the sampling pipe to enter a separation component, separating the fly ash from the gas, collecting the fly ash, performing spectral analysis on the collected fly ash to obtain spectral characteristic information of the fly ash, and calculating the carbon content of the fly ash according to the spectral characteristic information and a corresponding relation model of the spectral characteristic and the carbon content, wherein when one sampling pipe is used for collecting and detecting, the other sampling pipes are cleaned.
By adopting the flue fly ash carbon-containing time-sharing measuring device as a measuring tool, the regulating valve is arranged at the inlet end position of the sampling tube, and the action of the regulating valve is controlled by the intelligent control system, so that one sampling tube in the specified sampler can be opened according to a preset program, and other sampling tubes are simultaneously ensured to be in a closed state, and the independence and the accuracy of each measurement are ensured. After the sampling tube is opened, the gas in the flue enters the sampling tube according to a preset path, the gas enters the separation component, the separation component adopts a gas-solid separation technology to separate the fly ash from the gas, the separated fly ash is collected, professional spectrum analysis is carried out on the collected fly ash, the detailed spectrum characteristic information of the fly ash is obtained, and according to the obtained spectrum characteristic information, a corresponding relation model of the spectrum characteristic and the carbon content is combined with a corresponding relation model established in advance, and a corresponding relation model is verified and optimized by using a large amount of experimental data.
In order to cover the whole time period and minimize the time interval, when one sampling tube is used for collecting and detecting fly ash, other sampling tubes are cleaned, as the regulating valve is arranged at the opening position, the cleaning pipeline can be arranged close to the regulating valve, and when the regulating valve is closed, cleaning gas can be introduced into the cleaning pipeline from the forefront end, so that the condition of the whole sampling pipeline can be effectively completed. In the measuring process, unused pipelines are cleaned simultaneously, the whole time period can be divided into independent and continuous intervals through switching of detection and cleaning of sampling pipes, collection and measurement can be guaranteed, other pipelines which are not detected are cleaned simultaneously, preparation is made for next detection, a time-sharing measuring method can be adopted, sequential sampling, detection and cleaning of different sampling pipes are realized through switching control of regulating valves, mutual interference among a plurality of sampling pipes is avoided, detection of the whole time period can be realized, and instantaneity is higher. In a preferred embodiment, the gas outlet of the separation member may be connected to the gas inlet of the cleaning member, and a filter member may be provided to filter the gas from the separation member, so that the overall efficiency can be further improved as the cleaning gas in the cleaning member.
Further, when one sampling tube is closed, the other sampling tube which is cleaned is opened for sampling and detection, and by the mode, gas in all time periods in the flue can be collected and detected, and no missing time period exists, so that real-time detection is more accurate and visual.
From the foregoing, the device for measuring the carbon content in the fly ash in the flue in a time-sharing manner can realize high-efficiency, accurate and real-time measurement of the carbon content in the fly ash in the combustion process, further optimize the combustion process parameters and improve the combustion efficiency and the system stability. The device mainly comprises three core parts of a sampler, a detection component and a control module. The sampler part is provided with more than two sampling pipes, and the opening of the sampling pipe is designed into a conical structure so as to reduce the interference on the distribution of the air flow in the flue and improve the accuracy of fly ash collection. Each sampling tube is provided with a regulating valve, and time-sharing sampling is realized through PLC logic control, so that at most one sampling tube is in an open state in one time period, and fine coverage of the whole time period is realized. The sampling tube has a separation member built therein for separating fly ash from gas and collecting a fly ash sample. The cleaning component comprises a purging pipe and a discharge pipe, the purging pipe provides clean gas to independently clean different sampling pipes and separating components, the cleaning and high efficiency of the sampling process are ensured, the discharge pipe is directly led to a flue, and the waste treatment process is simplified.
Another innovation of the application is that the control strategy integrates a process adjustment model, and multi-dimensional equipment process parameters (such as temperature, airflow speed, gas oxygen content and the like) and fly ash measurement data (such as carbon content, fly ash content, particle size and the like) are selected for comprehensive consideration. Through an evolution optimization algorithm based on multi-objective optimization, a plurality of objective functions such as fly ash carbon content, combustion efficiency, system stability and the like are optimized at the same time, the corresponding relation between process parameters and fly ash data is ensured, and global optimization is realized. The algorithm adopts weighted crossover and mutation operation, fully considers the dependency relationship among process parameters, improves the effectiveness of crossover operation, and avoids sinking into a local optimal solution. Experimental results show that the algorithm provided by the application can systematically coordinate contradictory relations among targets, can realize combustion efficiency maximization while guaranteeing fly ash quality control, and can maintain stable operation of the system.
In summary, the device for measuring the carbon content in the flue fly ash in a time-sharing manner and the control strategy thereof provided by the application realize accurate and real-time measurement of the carbon content in the flue fly ash, further optimize the combustion process parameters, improve the combustion efficiency and the system stability and provide powerful support for the fine analysis and management of the combustion process through the unique sampler design, the efficient detection part, the intelligent control module and the advanced optimization algorithm.
The foregoing is merely one specific embodiment of the application, and any modifications made in light of the above teachings are intended to fall within the scope of the application.
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