CN120260412A - A high-impact high-simulation dummy evaluation system and method - Google Patents
A high-impact high-simulation dummy evaluation system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种强冲击高仿假人评测系统及方法，该系统包括假人模型、安装基座和假人测评模块；假人模型包括头部组件、颈部组件、上躯干组件、左手臂组件、右手臂组件、臀部组件、左腿组件和右腿组件；安装基座包括X方向调节把手、Y方向调节把手、Z方向调节把手、360度旋转调节把手和刻度盘；假人测评模块包括数据采集单元(传感器)和数据分析处理单元，用于对假人模型进行冲击测评。本发明适用于煤矿、化工环境、自由场爆炸冲击环境及激波管测试等场景下试验数据采集与分析，实现强冲击环境下人体致伤情况和防护产品(如防护服、防护头盔等)防护效果的评估与测试；可按需在假人不同部位设置不同类型传感器以研究致伤机理和装备防护性能。
The present invention discloses a strong impact high-imitation dummy evaluation system and method, the system includes a dummy model, a mounting base and a dummy evaluation module; the dummy model includes a head component, a neck component, an upper torso component, a left arm component, a right arm component, a hip component, a left leg component and a right leg component; the mounting base includes an X-direction adjustment handle, a Y-direction adjustment handle, a Z-direction adjustment handle, a 360-degree rotation adjustment handle and a dial; the dummy evaluation module includes a data acquisition unit (sensor) and a data analysis and processing unit, which are used to perform impact evaluation on the dummy model. The present invention is suitable for test data acquisition and analysis in scenarios such as coal mines, chemical environments, free-field explosion impact environments and shock tube tests, and realizes the evaluation and testing of human injuries and protective effects of protective products (such as protective clothing, protective helmets, etc.) under strong impact environments; different types of sensors can be set on different parts of the dummy as needed to study the injury mechanism and equipment protection performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of model simulation, in particular to a high impact high imitation dummy evaluation system and method.
Background
In a strong impact environment (scene) such as a coal mine chemical environment, a free field real explosion test, a shock tube simulation explosion impact test and the like, how to effectively detect and evaluate the injury situation of a human body or the protective performance of equipment becomes an important problem of great concern. Human brain tissue damage caused by a strong impact environment is known as traumatic brain injury, which is a complex action process, and mainly has "short-time" and "long-time" injury effects, and corresponds to physical quantities such as overpressure peak-duration/rise time (represented by intracranial pressure (INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE, ICP)) and acceleration (represented by linear acceleration and angular velocity of the mass center of the head) of a shock wave. Wherein the "short term" injury effect mainly refers to the direct contact of the shock wave with the human head and the bending deformation of the skull caused by the shock wave. For example, when the shock wave and the head act instantaneously, the stress wave caused by the shock wave can transmit the skin, the skull and other human head and face outer structures or pass through propagation channels of ear, nose, mouth, eyes and the like to cause brain tissue damage, for example, when the shock wave interacts with the head skin and the skull, high reflection pressure is generated at a contact interface due to impedance matching, thereby leading to bending deformation of the skull and finally leading to craniocerebral damage. "prolonged" traumatic effects refer primarily to brain injury caused by linear acceleration/angular velocity of the centroid of the head, including diffuse axonal injury and focal injury (e.g., hematoma, ipsilateral contusion, and contralateral contusion). The impact wave can make the cranium produce translational acceleration or rotation angular velocity, and the movement of the brain tissue can lead to the damage of nerve axon or small blood vessel, the unbalance of the ion concentration inside and outside the brain tissue cells, the acceleration of neuron metabolism, the damage of blood brain barrier and the damage caused by the disturbance of the liquid circulation of the local brain functional area.
At present, a set of scientific and reasonable evaluation method and standard specification are not established in terms of impact wave human body injury effect evaluation and individual protective equipment performance evaluation, so that a strong impact high-imitation dummy evaluation system and method with domestic independent intellectual property rights are required to be invented, are used for collecting, processing and analyzing physical quantities such as pressure, noise, force, moment, displacement, acceleration and the like of important parts of a dummy, realize the purpose of accurately quantitatively evaluating the human body injury degree and the equipment protective efficiency in a strong impact environment, and forcefully promote iterative optimization and upgrading of protective equipment design and on-site treatment means.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a high-impact high-imitation human evaluation system and a high-impact high-imitation human evaluation method, which are used for carrying out standard methods of human injury condition evaluation and equipment protection effect evaluation under the high-impact environments (scenes) such as coal mine chemical environments, free field real explosion tests and shock tube simulated explosion impact tests by utilizing a high-impact high-imitation human model which accords with Chinese anthropometry and has high biological fidelity.
In order to solve the technical problems, a first aspect of the embodiment of the invention discloses a high impact high imitation dummy evaluation system, which comprises a dummy model, a mounting base and a dummy evaluation module;
the dummy model is in data connection with the mounting base and the dummy evaluation module;
The dummy model comprises a head component, a neck component, an upper trunk component, a left arm component, a right arm component, a hip component, a left leg component and a right leg component, and is used for performing impact simulation in a strong impact environment;
The mounting base comprises an X-direction adjusting handle, a Y-direction adjusting handle, a Z-direction adjusting handle, a 360-degree rotation adjusting handle and a dial;
the dummy evaluation module comprises a data acquisition unit and a data analysis processing unit and is used for performing impact evaluation on the dummy model.
As an alternative implementation manner, in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the dummy head assembly includes skin, skull, and back cover bone;
The neck assembly comprises a neck upper end cover, a neck steel rope, a neck assembly and a neck lower bracket, wherein the upper trunk assembly comprises chest skin, a rib assembly, a left shoulder assembly, a vertebra assembly and a right shoulder assembly;
The left arm component comprises a left upper arm, a left arm connecting piece, a left lower arm, a left wrist connecting piece and a left hand, and the right arm component comprises a right upper arm, a right arm connecting piece, a right lower arm, a right wrist connecting piece and a right hand;
the hip component comprises a lumbar component, a wire rope, a balancing weight, hip skin, abdomen and left/right femur, wherein the left leg component comprises left thigh skin, a left thigh skeleton, a left sensor simulator, a left knee joint, left knee skin, a left calf skeleton assembly, left calf skin, a left ankle assembly and a left foot assembly;
The right leg assembly includes a right thigh skin, a right thigh skeleton, a right sensor simulator, a right knee joint, a right knee skin, a right calf bone assembly, a right calf skin, a right ankle assembly, and a right foot assembly.
The method comprises the steps of setting a piezoresistive or piezoelectric type overpressure sensor and a strain gauge (meter) on the surface of the head of a dummy, setting a triaxial acceleration/triaxial angular velocity sensor on the mass center of the head of the dummy, setting a force/moment sensor on the upper/lower neck of the dummy, setting a plurality of triaxial acceleration sensors on the surface of the head of the dummy as required, and calculating the head movement state, wherein the short-time injury effect represented by the overpressure peak of the shock wave under the strong impact environment and the long-time injury effect injury mechanism represented by the linear/angular acceleration are traction;
A displacement sensor is arranged at the rib position of the dummy, and a triaxial acceleration sensor is arranged at the mass center position of the dummy trunk;
setting a triaxial acceleration sensor at the knee and lumbar positions of the dummy;
the dummy model body is used as an evaluation test platform, and different types and numbers of sensing devices can be arranged at important parts of the dummy as required so as to carry out evaluation test work.
In a first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition unit is configured to acquire pressure data information, moment data information, angular velocity data information, and acceleration data information of the dummy model body in a strong impact environment;
And the data analysis processing unit is used for performing impact assessment on the pressure data information, the moment data information, the angular velocity data information and the acceleration data information to obtain an impact assessment result.
As an alternative implementation manner, in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the head-neck (whole) and the chest (whole) of the dummy model may be combined together for impact evaluation, or may be separately and individually for impact evaluation;
The head-neck (whole) and chest (whole) of the dummy model are respectively provided with mounting bases, and each base can carry out the degree of freedom adjustment in the X, Y, Z direction;
The mounting base rotates through the hand wheel and realizes three-dimensional regulation, and Z direction (upper and lower) effective stroke 150mm, X direction (left and right) effective stroke 150mm, Y direction (front and back) effective stroke 260mm, and three-dimensional regulation has the self-locking function, and the mounting base bottom is 360 degrees revolution mechanic to have rotatory scale, every scale is 1 degree, can adjust according to experimental demand to there is a locking function in the bottom left side, can control the roating seat.
As an optional implementation manner, in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the dummy model may implement a standing posture state or a sitting posture state by replacing a hip assembly;
each joint of the limbs of the dummy model simulates the joint part of a human body to be freely adjusted, and the neck has the functions of forward bending, backward bending and left-right swinging;
The external dimension, weight, head, neck, chest, buttock, arm and leg structure and characteristics of the dummy model are all based on Chinese human body characteristic standards;
The head of the dummy model consists of a scalp made of aluminum skull, a hindbrain spoon and PVC imitation human skin material, a hindbrain spoon skin and a high-strength steel upper neck force sensor simulator;
the neck component of the dummy model is formed by gluing an aluminum framework and rubber, a steel cable with adjustable torque is arranged in the middle of the neck component, and the neck component consists of an upper end cover and a lower bracket which are processed by high-quality aluminum materials;
The upper trunk vertebra of the dummy model simulates the human spine rigidity vertebra, comprises a bionic material of shoulder bones and PVC/polyurethane imitation skin and muscle tissues, a high molecular rib damping material, and a thoracic vertebra adopts a metal structure material;
The buttocks of the dummy model are formed by casting materials which wrap a high-strength aluminum framework and PVC/polyurethane imitation skin and muscle tissues, the upper ends of the buttocks are provided with flexible lumbar vertebrae, high-performance rubber materials are adopted, steel wire ropes are arranged in the middle of the lumbar vertebrae, and the femur adopts a femur head of a high-performance alloy material and a ball head structure, so that the transition of various postures in a dummy test is facilitated.
The second aspect of the embodiment of the invention discloses a strong-impact high-imitation dummy evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a dummy model in a strong impact environment, determining whether to wear a protection product according to the outline requirement of a test, and performing a protection performance evaluation test according to the requirement;
S2, carrying out data acquisition on the dummy model by utilizing a data acquisition unit to obtain strong impact data information, wherein the strong impact data information comprises pressure data information, moment data information, angular velocity data information and acceleration data information;
and S3, processing the strong impact data information by using a data analysis processing unit to obtain an impact evaluation result.
In a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition unit performs data acquisition on the dummy model to obtain strong impact data information, where the method includes:
S21, performing data acquisition by using pressure sensors arranged at the positions of eyes, the front part, the forehead, the top of head, the pillow and the ears of the dummy model to obtain pressure data information;
The pressure data information comprises eye pressure data information, front pressure data information, forehead pressure data information, overhead pressure data information, occipital pressure data information and ear pressure data information;
s22, acquiring data by using a triaxial acceleration sensor and a triaxial angular velocity sensor which are arranged at the mass center position of the head of the dummy model, and obtaining acceleration data information and angular velocity data information;
the acceleration data information comprises x-direction acceleration data information, y-direction acceleration data information and z-direction acceleration data information;
the angular velocity data information comprises x-direction angular velocity data information, y-direction angular velocity data information and z-direction angular velocity data information;
S23, carrying out data acquisition by using a six-axis force and moment sensor arranged on the neck of the dummy model to obtain moment data information.
In a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the processing, by using a data analysis processing unit, the strong impact data information to obtain an impact evaluation result includes:
S31, processing the pressure data information to obtain a pressure evaluation result;
s32, processing the acceleration data information to obtain a head damage evaluation result;
S33, processing the angular velocity data information to obtain brain damage assessment results;
s34, processing the moment data information to obtain a neck injury evaluation result;
S35, integrating the pressure evaluation result, the head evaluation result and the neck damage evaluation result to obtain an impact evaluation result;
the calculation formula of the impact evaluation result is as follows:
Y=α×PRE+β×HIC+γ×BrIC
Wherein Y is an impact evaluation result, PRE is a pressure evaluation result, HIC is a head injury evaluation result, brIC is a brain injury evaluation result, α, β, γ are weight coefficients, and α+β+γ=1 is set by experiments.
In a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the processing the acceleration data information to obtain a head injury evaluation result includes:
s321, processing the acceleration data information to obtain a three-way synthesized acceleration;
s322, processing the acceleration data information by using a preset head injury evaluation model to obtain a head injury evaluation result;
The preset head injury evaluation model expression is as follows:
Wherein a (t) is three-way composite acceleration, g is expressed by g, g=9.81 m/s 2,t1 is the contact time of the head and the shock wave, t 2 is the contact end time, the unit is seconds, t 2-t1 is less than or equal to 36ms, and HIC is the head damage evaluation result.
In a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, the processing the angular velocity data information to obtain a brain damage evaluation result includes:
Processing the angular velocity data information by using a preset brain damage evaluation model to obtain a brain damage evaluation result;
The expression of the preset brain injury assessment model is as follows:
Where BrIC is a brain damage evaluation result, w x is x-direction angular velocity data information, w y is y-direction angular velocity data information, w z is z-direction angular velocity data information, w xc is an x-direction angular velocity threshold, w xc＝66.25rad/s,wyc is a y-direction angular velocity threshold, w yc＝56.45rad/s,wzc is a z-direction angular velocity threshold, and w zc = 42.87rad/s.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention designs and develops a high-impact high-imitation dummy evaluation system and a high-impact high-imitation dummy evaluation method by taking the real characteristics of Chinese human body dummy as the standard, provides a brand new and effective evaluation model for a high-imitation dummy physical model and an evaluation system thereof under a high-impact environment, strengthens the test platform attribute of the dummy model, and improves the accuracy of the high-impact high-imitation dummy physical model. The invention can realize collection and analysis of test data in the scenes of actual coal mine, chemical environment, free field explosion impact environment, shock tube test and the like, realize evaluation and test of human injury conditions and protection effects of protection products (such as protection clothing or protection helmets and the like) in the strong impact environment, and can set different types of sensors at different parts of the dummy model body according to requirements so as to study human injury mechanism and equipment protection performance. The method provides theoretical guidance and practical basis for designing and developing more practical and advanced blast shock wave protective equipment. The dummy model in the embodiment of the invention has the characteristics of Chinese human body size, and can better serve the injury mechanism and the structural design of individual protective equipment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a strong impact high-imitation human evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dummy model composition according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a dummy part diagram of a head assembly disclosed in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a view of a neck part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a chest piece view of an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an arm part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a view of a buttock feature disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a leg part disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of mounting base adjustment as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a head-neck (overall) evaluation test base mounting as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of the head-chest (whole) and chest (whole) joined together by a chest mounting clip for evaluation as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating a high impact high-imitation human dummy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram of a dummy model and sensor mounting locations according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a sensor origin position disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of sensor coordinate locations as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a diagram of a cervical injury index as disclosed in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a dummy model installation disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 18 is a graph of overpressure versus time as disclosed in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the following description will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above-described figures are used for distinguishing between different objects and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, apparatus, article, or device that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to the list of steps or elements but may, in the alternative, include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or device.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
The invention discloses a strong-impact high-imitation dummy evaluation system and method, wherein the system comprises a dummy model, an installation base and a dummy evaluation module, the dummy model is in data connection with the installation base and the dummy evaluation module, the dummy model comprises a dummy component, a neck component, an upper trunk component, a left arm component, a right arm component, a hip component, a left leg component and a right leg component, the dummy model is used for performing impact simulation in a strong-impact environment, the installation base comprises an X-direction adjusting handle, a Y-direction adjusting handle, a Z-direction adjusting handle, a 360-degree rotation adjusting handle and a dial, and the dummy evaluation module comprises a data acquisition unit and a data analysis processing unit and is used for performing impact evaluation on the dummy model. The invention can realize collection and analysis of test data in the scenes of coal mine, chemical environment, explosion shock wave, shock tube simulation explosion, wind tunnel test and the like, and obtain parameters generated by strong shock waves. The following will describe in detail.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high impact high-imitation dummy evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The strong-impact high-imitation dummy evaluation system described in fig. 1 is applied to the technical field of model simulation, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited. As shown in fig. 1, the high impact high imitation dummy evaluation system comprises a dummy model, a mounting base and a dummy evaluation module;
the dummy model is in data connection with the mounting base and the dummy evaluation module;
The dummy model comprises a head component, a neck component, an upper trunk component, a left arm component, a right arm component, a hip component, a left leg component and a right leg component, and is used for performing impact simulation in a strong impact environment;
The mounting base comprises an X-direction adjusting handle, a Y-direction adjusting handle, a Z-direction adjusting handle, a 360-degree rotation adjusting handle and a dial;
The dummy evaluation module comprises a data acquisition unit (sensor) and a data analysis processing unit and is used for performing impact evaluation on the dummy model.
Optionally, the dummy head assembly comprises skin, skull, and back cover bone;
the neck assembly comprises a neck upper end cover, a neck steel rope, a neck assembly and a neck lower bracket;
the upper torso assembly comprises chest skin, a rib assembly, a left shoulder assembly, a spine assembly and a right shoulder assembly;
The left arm component comprises a left upper arm, a left arm connecting piece, a left lower arm, a left wrist connecting piece and a left hand, and the right arm component comprises a right upper arm, a right arm connecting piece, a right lower arm, a right wrist connecting piece and a right hand;
the hip component comprises a lumbar component, a steel wire rope, a balancing weight, hip skin, abdomen and left/right femur;
The left leg assembly comprises left thigh skin, a left thigh skeleton, a left sensor simulator, a left knee joint, left knee skin, a left calf skeleton assembly, left calf skin, a left ankle assembly and a left foot assembly;
The right leg assembly includes a right thigh skin, a right thigh skeleton, a right sensor simulator, a right knee joint, a right knee skin, a right calf bone assembly, a right calf skin, a right ankle assembly, and a right foot assembly.
The mounting base can be respectively connected with dummy persons in different states (head-neck only, head-neck-chest only, whole body and the like) to realize testing in different states/conditions (facing incoming waves, lateral incoming waves or back incoming waves).
The method comprises the steps of setting a piezoresistive or piezoelectric type overpressure sensor and a strain gauge on the surface of a dummy head as required, setting a triaxial acceleration/triaxial angular velocity sensor on the mass center of the dummy head, and setting a six-axis force/moment sensor on the upper/lower neck of the dummy, wherein the short-time injury effect represented by a shock wave overpressure peak value under a strong impact environment and the long-time injury effect injury mechanism represented by linear/angular acceleration are traction;
arranging a plurality of triaxial acceleration sensors on the surface of the head of the dummy as required so as to calculate the overall movement state of the head;
the dummy trunk body is provided with a piezoresistance type or piezoelectric type overpressure sensor, a stress plate and a stress meter on the surface, and three-axis acceleration sensors are arranged at the positions of knees and lumbar vertebrae of the dummy;
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring pressure data information, moment data information, angular velocity data information and acceleration data information of the dummy model body under the strong impact environment;
The data analysis processing unit is used for performing impact assessment on the pressure data information, the moment data information, the angular velocity data information and the acceleration data information to obtain impact assessment results.
The external dimension and weight of the dummy model, and the structures and characteristics of the head, neck, chest, buttocks, arms and legs are all manufactured based on the standards of Chinese human body characteristics, so that the dummy has higher Chinese human body personification and emulation. The method can collect the pressure, noise, acceleration and other parameter data of the dummy model body under the conditions of a real explosion environment, a shock tube explosion simulation environment, a wind tunnel environment and the like, and analyze the collected parameter data to obtain a pressure field, a speed field and an acceleration field which are generated by explosion impact and act on the human body highly-simulated dummy model. Thereby determining the damage degree of the dummy model under the explosion impact environment, the protective performance of protective equipment and the medical injury principle.
The data acquisition unit is used for acquiring pressure data information, moment data information, angular velocity data information and acceleration data information of a dummy model body in a strong impact environment, and according to a short-time injury effect represented by an overpressure peak value of a shock wave in the strong impact environment and a long-time injury effect injury mechanism represented by linear/angular acceleration, a piezoresistive or piezoelectric type overpressure sensor and a strain gauge or a strain gauge are arranged on the surface of the head of the dummy as required, and a triaxial acceleration/triaxial angular velocity sensor is arranged at the centroid position of the head of the dummy;
The method comprises the steps of installing a triaxial acceleration sensor on the surface of the head of the dummy according to the requirement, and calculating the overall movement state of the head, installing a displacement sensor at the rib position of the dummy, installing a triaxial acceleration sensor at the mass center position of the trunk of the dummy, installing a piezoresistive or piezoelectric type overpressure sensor and a stress plate or a stress meter on the surface of the trunk of the dummy, and installing a triaxial acceleration sensor at the knee and lumbar positions of the dummy;
And the data analysis processing unit is used for performing impact assessment on the pressure data information, the moment data information, the angular velocity data information and the acceleration data information to obtain an impact assessment result.
Alternatively, the head-neck (whole) and chest (whole) of the dummy model may be combined together for impact evaluation, or may be separately and individually subjected to impact evaluation;
The head-neck (whole) and chest (whole) of the dummy model are respectively provided with a mounting base, each base can be subjected to X, Y, Z-direction degree-of-freedom adjustment, the mounting base is rotated by a hand wheel to realize three-way adjustment, the Z-direction (up and down) effective stroke is 150mm, the X-direction (left and right) effective stroke is 150mm, the Y-direction (front and rear) effective stroke is 260mm, the three-way adjustment has a self-locking function, the bottom of the mounting base is of a 360-degree rotating structure and is provided with rotating scales, each scale is 1 degree, the adjustment can be performed according to the test requirement, and the left side of the bottom is provided with a locking function, so that the rotating seat can be controlled.
Optionally, the dummy model may achieve a standing posture state or a sitting posture state by replacing the hip assembly;
The external dimension, the weight, the head, the neck, the chest, the buttocks, the arms and the legs of the dummy model are all based on Chinese human body characteristic standards;
The head of the dummy model consists of a scalp made of aluminum skull, a rear brain spoon and PVC imitation human skin materials, a rear brain spoon skin and a high-strength steel upper neck force sensor simulator, and the aluminum skull and the rear cover bone have the advantages of light weight, high strength and the like, and the performance of the aluminum skull is closer to that of a human body structure than that of other metal materials.
The neck component of the dummy model is formed by gluing an aluminum framework and rubber, a torque-adjustable steel cable is arranged in the middle of the neck component, the neck component consists of an upper end cover and a lower bracket which are processed by high-quality aluminum materials, and the aluminum material has the advantages of light weight, high strength and the like. The butyl rubber is used as the rubber material, and the rubber has good mechanical properties, excellent properties of heat resistance, ozone resistance, aging resistance, chemical resistance, vibration reduction, energy absorption and the like, and good properties of simulating the forward bending, backward bending and left-right swinging of the neck of a human body.
The upper trunk vertebra of the dummy model simulates the human spine rigid vertebra, comprises a bionic material of shoulder bones and PVC/polyurethane skin and muscle tissue, a high molecular rib damping material, and the thoracic vertebra adopts a metal structure material, so that the dummy model has the advantages of good strength, good durability and reusability.
The buttocks of the dummy model are formed by casting materials which wrap a high-strength aluminum framework and PVC/polyurethane imitation skin and muscle tissues, the upper ends of the buttocks are provided with flexible lumbar vertebrae, high-performance rubber materials are adopted, steel wire ropes are arranged in the middle of the lumbar vertebrae, and the femur adopts a femur head of a high-performance alloy material and a ball head structure, so that the transition of various postures in a dummy test is facilitated.
The dummy model has the attribute characteristics of 'platform type', and can perform sensor replacement and structure combination (such as a single head model, a head model-neck-chest model or a whole body model) according to different evaluation test environments so as to realize different evaluation test purposes.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a dummy model according to an embodiment of the present invention. The dummy can realize the standing posture or sitting posture state for evaluation and test by replacing buttocks. Each joint of the four limbs simulates the joint part of the human body to be freely adjusted, and the neck has high biomechanical simulation degree and has the functions of forward bending, backward bending and left and right swinging. In order to ensure the performance of the test and the repeated test usability of the dummy and meet the test requirements, the structures of the dummy and the chest and the materials of the parts of the skull, the neck metal material, the shoulder blade, the pelvis, the patella and the like of the dummy are optimized. Optionally, the dummy assembly comprises skull skin, skull bone, back bone skin and upper neck force sensor simulator for simulating the head of human body, FIG. 3 is a dummy part diagram of the dummy assembly disclosed in the embodiment of the invention;
The dummy component consists of a scalp made of aluminum skull, a hindbrain spoon and PVC imitation human skin material, a hindbrain spoon skin and a high-strength steel upper neck force sensor simulator. The aluminum skull and the rear cover bone have the advantages of light weight, high strength and the like, and the aluminum skull has the performance closer to the human body structure than other metal materials.
TABLE 1 dummy part information
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Material of material |
| 1 | Skull skin | PVC |
| 2 | Skull bone | Aluminum alloy |
| 3 | Rear cover bone | Aluminum alloy |
| 4 | Skin of back bone | PVC |
| 5 | Simulator for upper neck force sensor | High-strength high-quality steel |
The neck assembly comprises a neck upper end cover, a neck steel rope, a neck assembly and a neck lower support, wherein fig. 4 is a diagram of a neck part disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, and the neck assembly is formed by gluing an aluminum framework and rubber, and is provided with the steel rope with adjustable torque in the middle, and the upper end cover and the lower support which are formed by processing high-quality aluminum materials. The aluminum material has the advantages of light weight, high strength and the like. The butyl rubber is used as the rubber material, and the rubber has good mechanical properties, excellent properties of heat resistance, ozone resistance, aging resistance, chemical resistance, vibration reduction, energy absorption and the like, and good properties of simulating the forward bending, backward bending and left-right swinging of the neck of a human body.
TABLE 2 neck part information
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Material of material |
| 1 | Neck upper end cover | High quality aluminium material and rubber |
| 2 | Neck steel rope | Stainless steel |
| 3 | Neck assembly | Rubber and aluminum alloy bonding |
| 4 | Neck lower support | High quality aluminum material |
The upper trunk component comprises chest skin, rib assemblies, a left shoulder assembly, a vertebra assembly and a right shoulder assembly, and fig. 5 is a chest part diagram disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, wherein the upper trunk component comprises bionic materials of trunk vertebra simulating human spine rigidity vertebra, shoulder bones and PVC/polyurethane simulated skin and muscle tissues, and high polymer rib damping materials. The thoracic vertebrae structure material adopts a metal structure, has good strength and durability, and can be repeatedly used.
Table 3 chest part information
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Material of material |
| 1 | Chest skin | PVC, polyurethane |
| 2 | Rib assembly | Steel, damping material |
| 3 | Left shoulder assembly | Aluminium alloy, high-quality steel |
| 4 | Vertebra assembly | High-quality steel |
| 5 | Right shoulder assembly | Aluminium alloy, high-quality steel |
The left arm component comprises a left upper arm, a left arm connecting piece, a left lower arm, a left wrist connecting piece and a left hand, and the right arm component comprises a right upper arm, a right arm connecting piece, a right lower arm, a right wrist connecting piece and a right hand;
the left/right arm component consists of an upper arm, a lower arm and a hand, wherein the outer side of the framework is formed by casting a steel structure framework wrapped by a bionic material of PVC/polyurethane skin and muscle tissue, nylon protection pads are arranged at each joint part, and a rubber block is used for limiting and simulating the rotation angle of the human arm. The upper arm, the lower arm and the hands can rotate around the joint parts, and the tightness can be adjusted. FIG. 6 is a diagram of an arm part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
TABLE 4 arm part information
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Material of material |
| 1 | Upper arm | PVC, polyurethane and high-quality steel |
| 2 | Arm connecting piece | Steel and method for producing same |
| 3 | Lower arm | PVC, polyurethane and high-quality steel |
| 4 | Wrist connecting piece | High-quality steel |
| 5 | Left/right hand | PVC high-quality steel |
The hip component comprises a lumbar component, a steel wire rope, a balancing weight, hip skin, abdomen and left/right femur;
Buttock component, buttock is formed by coating high strength aluminium skeleton and PVC/polyurethane imitation skin and muscle tissue material pouring. The flexible lumbar vertebra is arranged at the upper end of the buttock, and the high-performance rubber material is adopted, so that the bionic lumbar vertebra has good bionic performance. A steel wire rope is arranged in the middle of the lumbar vertebra. The femur adopts the high-performance alloy material femur and the femoral head with a ball head structure, which is beneficial to the convertibility of various postures in the dummy test. The dummy model can realize the standing or sitting posture state to evaluate and test by replacing buttocks. Each joint of the four limbs simulates the joint part of the human body to be freely adjusted, and the neck has high biomechanical simulation degree and has the functions of forward bending, backward bending and left and right swinging. In order to ensure the performance of the test and the repeated test usability of the dummy and meet the test requirements, the materials of the parts such as the skull, the neck metal material, the breast scapula, the pelvis, the patella and the like of the dummy are optimized on the structures of the head and the breast. Fig. 7 is a view of a buttock feature disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
TABLE 5 buttock details information
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Material of material |
| 1 | Lumbar vertebra component | Assembly |
| 2 | Wire rope | High-quality steel |
| 3 | Balancing weight | High-quality steel |
| 4 | Buttock skin | Aluminum, PVC/polyurethane |
| 5 | Abdomen part | PVC/polyurethane |
| 6 | Left/right femur | Copper alloy |
The left leg assembly comprises left thigh skin, a left thigh skeleton, a left sensor simulator, a left knee joint, left knee skin, a left calf bone assembly, left calf skin, a left ankle assembly and a left foot assembly, and the right leg assembly comprises right thigh skin, a right thigh skeleton, a right sensor simulator, a right knee joint, a right knee skin, a right calf bone assembly, a right calf skin, a right ankle assembly and a right foot assembly.
The leg consists of thigh, knee, shank and foot, the skin of thigh and knee and shank is formed by casting PVC and polyurethane skin and muscle material imitation mould, the skeleton is steel structure. The foot is internally provided with a steel structure skeleton which is integrally cast, the knee is formed by processing high-performance aluminum materials, rubber materials and sliding blocks for simulating ligaments and lower leg bones are arranged in the knee, the sliding blocks are formed by casting stainless steel and natural rubber, ligaments on two sides of the knee are simulated, data feedback of the lower leg of a human body can be obtained through sliding tests, the lower leg can freely rotate through the sliding blocks of the knee joint, and the ankle is a steel structure which simulates the ankle bone structure of the human body and can freely rotate in all directions and has locking and tightness adjusting functions. FIG. 8 is a diagram of a leg part disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
TABLE 6 leg part information
| Sequence number | Name of the name | Material of material |
| 1 | Left/right thigh skin | PVC, polyurethane |
| 2 | Thigh bone frame | High-quality steel |
| 3 | Sensor simulator | High-quality steel |
| 4 | Knee joint | High quality aluminium material, stainless steel |
| 5 | Left/right knee skin | PVC, polyurethane |
| 6 | Lower leg skeleton assembly | High-quality steel |
| 7 | Left/right calf skin | PVC, polyurethane |
| 8 | Ankle assembly | High-quality steel |
| 9 | Left/right foot assembly | PVC high-quality steel |
The mounting base can be mounted to the head-neck (integral) and chest (integral), respectively, and enables 3-direction (X, Y, Z-direction) degrees of freedom adjustment. The head and neck can be tested together with the chest, can also be tested together with whole dummy, can dismantle the exclusive use simultaneously and test, in order to satisfy head and neck exclusive use or use together with the chest integration and test, this base can realize three-dimensional regulation through the hand wheel rotation, wherein Z direction (upper and lower) stroke 150mm, wherein X direction (left and right) stroke 150mm, wherein Y direction (front and rear) stroke 260mm, three-dimensional regulation has the self-locking function, the base bottom is 360 degrees revolution mechanic to have rotatory scale, every scale is 1 degree, can adjust according to the demand of test, and has a locking function in the bottom left side, can control the roating seat. Fig. 9 is a schematic view of mounting base adjustment as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing the mounting of a base for head-neck (overall) evaluation test according to an embodiment of the present invention, which can be mounted on the base by a mounting base (head and neck mounting jig) under the neck. Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the evaluation of the combination of the head-chest (whole) and chest (whole) by the chest mounting fixture according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the freely adjustable high-imitation dummy fixing bases according to the embodiment can be respectively mounted on the head-neck (whole) and chest (whole) of the high-imitation dummy, and each base can perform 3-direction (X, Y, Z-direction) degree-of-freedom adjustment. The head and neck of the high-imitation dummy model can be integrated with the chest for testing, can also be tested together with the whole dummy, and can be detached for testing by single use. The mounting base guarantees the stability and reliability of different test postures of the high-simulation dummy model, improves the accuracy of the shock wave high-simulation dummy model, and provides a favorable support for designing and developing more advanced and practical shock wave protective equipment.
Therefore, the invention designs and develops a high-impact high-imitation dummy evaluation system and a high-impact high-imitation dummy evaluation method by taking the real characteristics of the Chinese human dummy as the standard, provides a brand new and effective evaluation model for the high-imitation dummy real model and the evaluation system thereof under the high-impact environment, and improves the accuracy of the high-impact high-imitation dummy real model. The invention can realize the collection and analysis of test data in the scenes of actual coal mines, chemical environments, explosion shock waves, shock tube simulated explosion, wind tunnel test and the like, and obtain the parameters of pressure, noise, force, moment, speed, acceleration and the like which are generated by the explosion shock waves and act on the high-simulation dummy model of the human body. Provides theoretical guidance and practical basis for designing and developing more practical and advanced blast shock wave protective equipment.
Example two
Referring to fig. 12, fig. 12 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating a high impact high-imitation dummy according to an embodiment of the invention. The strong impact high-imitation dummy evaluation method described in fig. 12 is applied to the technical field of model simulation, and the embodiment of the invention is not limited. As shown in fig. 12, the high impact high imitation dummy evaluation method includes:
s1, placing a dummy model in a strong impact environment, determining whether to wear a protection product according to the outline requirement of a test, and performing a protection performance evaluation test according to the requirement;
S2, carrying out data acquisition on the dummy model by utilizing a data acquisition unit to obtain strong impact data information, wherein the strong impact data information comprises pressure data information, moment data information, angular velocity data information and acceleration data information;
and S3, processing the strong impact data information by using a data analysis processing unit to obtain an impact evaluation result.
Optionally, the data acquisition unit is configured to perform data acquisition on the dummy model to obtain strong impact data information, and the method includes:
S21, performing data acquisition by using pressure sensors arranged at the positions of eyes, the front part, the forehead, the top of head, the pillow and the ears of the dummy model to obtain pressure data information, wherein the pressure data information comprises eye pressure data information, front pressure data information, forehead pressure data information, top of head pressure data information, pillow pressure data information and ear pressure data information;
s22, acquiring data by using a triaxial acceleration sensor and a triaxial angular velocity sensor which are arranged at the mass center position of the head of the dummy model, and obtaining acceleration data information and angular velocity data information;
the acceleration data information comprises x-direction acceleration data information, y-direction acceleration data information and z-direction acceleration data information, and the angular velocity data information comprises x-direction angular velocity data information, y-direction angular velocity data information and z-direction angular velocity data information;
S23, carrying out data acquisition by using a six-axis force and moment sensor arranged on the neck of the dummy model to obtain moment data information.
Optionally, the processing the strong impact data information by using a data analysis processing unit to obtain an impact evaluation result includes:
S31, processing the pressure data information to obtain a pressure evaluation result;
s32, processing the acceleration data information to obtain a head damage evaluation result;
S33, processing the angular velocity data information to obtain brain damage assessment results;
s34, processing the moment data information to obtain a neck injury evaluation result;
S35, integrating the pressure evaluation result, the head evaluation result and the neck damage evaluation result to obtain an impact evaluation result;
The calculation formula of the impact evaluation result is that Y=alpha×PRE+beta×HIC+gamma× BrIC, wherein Y is the impact evaluation result, PRE is the pressure evaluation result, HIC is the head injury evaluation result, brIC is the brain injury evaluation result, alpha, beta and gamma are weight coefficients, and alpha+beta+gamma=1 is set by experiments.
Optionally, the processing the acceleration data information to obtain a head injury evaluation result includes:
s321, processing the acceleration data information to obtain a three-way synthesized acceleration;
S322, processing the acceleration data information by using a preset head injury evaluation model to obtain a head injury evaluation result, wherein the expression of the preset head injury evaluation model is as follows:
Wherein a (t) is three-way composite acceleration, g is expressed by g, g=9.81 m/s 2,t1 is the contact time of the head and the shock wave, t 2 is the contact end time, the unit is seconds, t 2-t1 is less than or equal to 36ms, and HIC is the head damage evaluation result.
Optionally, the processing the angular velocity data information to obtain a brain damage evaluation result includes:
and processing the angular velocity data information by using a preset brain damage evaluation model to obtain a brain damage evaluation result, wherein the expression of the preset brain damage evaluation model is as follows:
Where BrIC is a brain damage evaluation result, w x is x-direction angular velocity data information, w y is y-direction angular velocity data information, w z is z-direction angular velocity data information, w xc is an x-direction angular velocity threshold, w xc＝66.25rad/s,wyc is a y-direction angular velocity threshold, w yc＝56.45rad/s,wzc is a z-direction angular velocity threshold, and w zc = 42.87rad/s.
Optionally, processing the pressure data information to obtain a pressure evaluation result includes:
S311, carrying out feature extraction on the pressure data information to obtain pressure feature parameter information, wherein the pressure feature parameter information comprises eye feature parameter information, front feature parameter information, forehead feature parameter information, head top feature parameter information, occipital feature parameter information and ear feature parameter information;
the feature extraction step is that S is a formula 1＝20log10|X(k)|2
Wherein, the S 1 is eye feature parameter information, x (N) is eye pressure data information, N is the length of x (N), x (N) = [ x 1,x2,…,xN-1],xi, i=1, 2, ], N-1 is the i-th sample in x (N);
According to the same feature extraction method, feature extraction is performed on the front pressure data information, the forehead pressure data information, the head pressure data information, the occipital pressure data information and the ear pressure data information to obtain front pressure data information S 2, forehead pressure data information S 3, head pressure data information S 4, occipital pressure data information S 5 and ear pressure data information S 6;
s312, training a preset pressure evaluation model by using the pressure characteristic parameter information to obtain an optimized pressure evaluation model;
Performing feature fusion on the eye feature parameter information S 1, the partial pressure data information S 2, the forehead pressure data information S 3, the overhead pressure data information S 4, the occipital pressure data information S 5 and the ear pressure data information S 6 to obtain fusion parameter information;
The fusion method comprises the steps of obtaining feature information X and feature information Y to be fused, wherein X is an n ' X m ' dimensional matrix, Y is a p X m ' dimensional matrix, m ' represents the number of samples, n ' and p represent the dimensions of two features, projecting the two matrices to 1 dimension for linear representation, and respectively corresponding to projection vectors a 1 and b 1, so that the projected feature matrix becomes:
The objective is to maximize the correlation coefficient between X 'and Y' and thereby obtain projection vectors a 1 and b 1 at which the correlation coefficient is maximized, namely:
the data is standardized before projection, the purpose of the standardization is to enable the mean value of the data to be 0 and the variance to be 1, and the method can be used for obtaining:
cov(X',Y')＝cov(a1 TX,b1 TY)＝E(<a1 TX,b1 TY>)＝E((a1 TX)(b1 TY)T)＝a1 TE(XYT)b1
D(X)=cov(X,X)=E(XTX),D(Y)＝cov(Y,Y)＝E(YTY)
cov(X,Y)=E(XYT),cov(Y,X)＝E(YXT)
S XX = cov (X, X), then the solution target translates into:
step1, calculating the variances S XX of X and Y and the covariance S XY＝SYX T of S YY, XY and YX;
Step2 calculating the matrix
Step3, solving the singular value of M' to obtain the maximum singular value and front and rear singular vectors u and v thereof;
Projection vectors a 1 and b 1 for Step4, X and Y, respectively, are:
Step5 the fusion characteristic vector Z of X and Y is
Fusing S 1、S2 to obtain S 7, fusing S 3、S4 to obtain S 8, fusing S 5 and S 6 to obtain S 9, and fusing S 7、S8 and S 9 to obtain fusion parameter information;
the fusion parameter information S10＝a1S7+a2S8+a3S9,a1+a2+a3＝1,a1、a1、a1 is a weight, set by the experiment. Training a preset pressure evaluation model by utilizing the fusion parameter information to obtain an optimized pressure evaluation model;
The pre-set pressure evaluation model is CTPN models, wherein the CTPN model comprises a VGG16 convolution model, a bidirectional LSTM model and a full connection layer;
inputting the fusion parameter information into the VGG16 convolution model, wherein the VGG16 network comprises a 13-layer convolution layer, a 5-layer maximum pooling layer and a 3-layer full-connection layer;
Extracting features of the video feature parameter information in a convolution layer by utilizing a two-dimensional convolution kernel w epsilon R 3×3 to obtain a feature matrix C n;
Wherein n represents the number of convolution operations, m represents the number of convolution kernels, p i represents the obtained ith feature matrix, f represents a nonlinear activation function, w represents the weight of the convolution kernels and the corresponding operation of the feature matrix, b represents the bias value, and R 3×3 represents a 3×3 real matrix;
The method of maximum pooling is used at the pooling layer, and the formula of feature extraction is expressed as follows:
pu＝Max2×2[Cn]
Wherein u represents the pooling times, max 2×2 represents the maximum pooling operation method of a 2×2 matrix, p u is the extracted feature, after multiple rolling and pooling operations, the data stream processed by Reshape is input into a bidirectional LSTM model to obtain a feature vector with time sequence attribute, and the feature vector is expressed as follows:
ot＝g(Vst+V′sT′), wherein s t represents the output of the forward timing at time t, s 't represents the output of the reverse timing at time t, U Xt represents the initial input of the forward timing, U' Xt represents the initial input of the reverse timing, Representing the input of one moment in time in the forward sequence,And (3) inputting the next moment of reverse time sequence, wherein o t represents the output of the moment t, inputting the feature vector with the space plus sequence into an RPN network after the feature extraction of a time sequence model, and simultaneously, obtaining positive feedback and negative feedback classification through a softmax classification feature vector set and calculating a boundary value regression offset for the feature vector set to obtain an accurate measurement result through two feature extraction networks.
S313, processing the pressure characteristic parameter information to be processed by using the optimized pressure evaluation model to obtain a pressure evaluation result.
Therefore, the invention designs and develops a high-impact high-imitation dummy evaluation system and a high-impact high-imitation dummy evaluation method by taking the real characteristics of the Chinese human dummy as the standard, provides a brand new and effective evaluation model for the high-imitation dummy real model and the evaluation system thereof under the high-impact environment, and improves the accuracy of the high-impact high-imitation dummy real model. The invention can realize the collection and analysis of test data in the scenes of actual coal mines, chemical environments, explosion shock waves, shock tube simulated explosion, wind tunnel test and the like, and obtain the parameters of pressure, noise, force, moment, speed, acceleration and the like which are generated by the explosion shock waves and act on the high-simulation dummy model of the human body. Provides theoretical guidance and practical basis for designing and developing more practical and advanced blast shock wave protective equipment.
Example III
The high-simulation dummy physical model of the embodiment comprises 8 parts of a dummy component 1, a neck component 2, an upper trunk component 3, a left arm component 4, a right arm component 5, a hip component 6, a left leg component 7 and a right leg component 8. The method for manufacturing the high-simulation dummy physical model comprises the following steps:
(1) According to the Chinese human body characteristic standard, the head of the high-simulation dummy physical model consists of a scalp and a hindbrain spoon skin made of aluminum skull, a hindbrain spoon and PVC human body skin simulation materials, and a high-strength steel upper neck force sensor simulator. The neck component is formed by gluing an aluminum framework and rubber, and is provided with a torque-adjustable steel cable, an upper end cover and a lower bracket which are formed by processing high-quality aluminum materials. The upper trunk is made of bionic material of trunk spine simulating human spine rigidity spine, shoulder bones and PVC/polyurethane imitation skin and muscle tissue, and high molecular rib damping material. The buttocks are formed by casting materials which wrap a high-strength aluminum framework and PVC/polyurethane imitation skin and muscle tissues. The flexible lumbar vertebra is arranged at the upper end of the buttock, and the high-performance rubber material is adopted, so that the bionic lumbar vertebra has good bionic performance. A steel wire rope is arranged in the middle of the lumbar vertebra. The femur adopts the high-performance alloy material femur and the femoral head with a ball head structure, which is beneficial to the convertibility of various postures in the dummy test. The arm is made up of upper arm, lower arm and hand, the outside of the skeleton is made up of bionic material of PVC/polyurethane imitation skin and muscle tissue by casting molding, each joint has nylon protective pad, and rubber block to limit, simulating the rotation angle of human arm. The upper arm, the lower arm and the hands can rotate around the joint parts, and the tightness can be adjusted. The leg consists of thigh, knee, shank and foot, the skin of thigh, knee and shank is formed by casting PVC and polyurethane skin muscle material imitation mould, the skeleton is steel structure. The foot is internally provided with a steel structure skeleton which is integrally cast, the knee is formed by processing high-performance aluminum materials, rubber materials and sliding blocks for simulating ligaments and lower leg bones are arranged in the knee, the sliding blocks are formed by casting stainless steel and natural rubber, ligaments on two sides of the knee are simulated, data feedback of the lower leg of a human body can be obtained through sliding tests, the lower leg can freely rotate through the sliding blocks of the knee joint, and the ankle is a steel structure which simulates the ankle bone structure of the human body and can freely rotate in all directions and has locking and tightness adjusting functions.
(2) According to the characteristics of the protective equipment to be tested and the specific scene of the test environment, an overpressure or piezoelectric sensor is placed at the forehead, the eyes, the hindbrain, the top of the head, the chest, the legs and other parts of the high-simulation dummy model, an acceleration and angular acceleration sensor is placed at the positions of the mass center of the head and the mass center of the chest of the high-simulation dummy model dummy, a force and moment sensor is mounted on the upper neck, and a noise sensor is mounted on the ear.
(3) And correspondingly connecting the high-simulation dummy model provided with the detection system with the data acquisition and analysis system, and then placing the whole high-simulation dummy model in a test environment such as a real explosion environment, a shock tube simulation explosion or a wind tunnel test, and performing evaluation on damage to the high-simulation dummy under the action of actual explosion shock waves.
(4) And collecting parameters such as pressure, noise, force, moment, speed, acceleration and the like of the forehead, the eyes, the ears, the hindbrain scoop, the top of the head, the neck, the chest, the legs and the like of the high-simulation dummy model under the action of the actual explosion shock wave through a dummy evaluation module connected with the high-simulation head, describing and evaluating the mechanical response, the acoustic response and the explosion damage degree under the action of the explosion shock wave.
Example IV
The high-simulation physical dummy model used in the embodiment is designed according to the latest Chinese adult human body size data, and is a test device which is specially and independently developed for the human body damage effect evaluation and the equipment protection performance evaluation of the explosion shock waves. The whole structure is composed of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, rubber, polyurethane and other materials, wherein the head body of the high-simulation physical dummy model is an aluminum skull, the surface of the head body is covered with bionic skin materials, the neck is formed by compounding an aluminum framework and rubber, and an adjustable steel cable is arranged in the neck, so that the stress and movement state of the neck vertebrae can be simulated.
According to the influence of the short-term injury effect, 6 pressure sensors (respectively positioned at eyes, front, forehead, head top, pillow and ears) are arranged and installed on the head surface of a high-simulation physical dummy model, the sensors adopt small piezoelectric pressure sensors (PCB Piezotronics, inc., model 113B 21), according to the influence of the long-term injury effect, a three-axis acceleration sensor (Kistler Group, model: M0064C-2000-9C 1-T) and a three-axis angular velocity sensor (DTS, model: ARS PRO-8K) are arranged at the center of mass position of the head, and a six-axis force & moment sensor (Kistler Group, model: M555A6 FM) is arranged at the upper neck (as shown in figure 13), and a data acquisition system adopts a data acquisition device (sampling frequency: 1MHz, model: SFSC-08 and sampling frequency: 500kHz, model: SFSC-34) which are self-ground by Hunan Sifu automobile technologies Co., ltd. The acceleration and the direction of the force of the high-simulation physical dummy model are respectively defined as that the pillow points to the face in the positive direction of X direction, the left ear points to the right ear in the positive direction of Y direction, the ground is vertical and points to the top of the high-simulation physical dummy model in the positive direction of Z direction, and the directions of the angular velocity and the moment are respectively defined as that the thumb of the right hand is kept consistent with the positive direction of the corresponding acceleration/force, and the positive direction of the angular velocity and the moment is consistent with the bending direction of the four fingers.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the origin position of the sensor, with the center of mass of the head as the origin, the front of the dummy being in the x-axis forward direction, the right of the dummy being in the y-axis forward direction, and the bottom of the dummy being in the z-axis forward direction. Fig. 14 (a) is a schematic coordinate axis, fig. 14 (b) is a side surface, and fig. 14 (c) is a front surface. Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the sensor coordinate position, fig. 15 (a) is a sensor end center point, fig. 15 (b) is a front surface, and fig. 15 (c) is a side surface. And filtering the test data. Wherein the head centroid acceleration, angular velocity and upper neck force should be filtered using a filtering level of CFC (Channel Frequency Class) a 1000 a and the upper neck moment is filtered using a filtering level of CFC 600.
The 3ms criterion specifies that 80g is the tolerance threshold for head injury when the head acceleration duration is greater than 3 ms. In this regard, in the present embodiment, 80g is set as a limiting value, and whether the duration of action is longer than 3ms is counted to perform damage determination. The head injury evaluation result expression is:
Wherein a (t) is three-way composite acceleration, g is expressed by g, g=9.81 m/s 2,t1 is the contact time of the head and the shock wave, t 2 is the contact end time, the unit is seconds, t 2-t1 is less than or equal to 36ms, and HIC is the head damage evaluation result.
The brain injury evaluation result expression is:
Where BrIC is a brain damage evaluation result, w x is x-direction angular velocity data information, w y is y-direction angular velocity data information, w z is z-direction angular velocity data information, w xc is an x-direction angular velocity threshold, w xc＝66.25rad/s,wyc is a y-direction angular velocity threshold, w yc＝56.45rad/s,wzc is a z-direction angular velocity threshold, and w zc = 42.87rad/s.
The head injury is caused (the peak value of the head acceleration is more than 400g, or the peak value of the acceleration is more than 200g and the duration of action is more than 2ms, or the peak value of the acceleration is more than 150g and the duration of action is more than 4 ms), and meanwhile, the standard value of the craniocerebral injury is judged to be HIC=700 by the HIC value. For the neck injury, as shown in fig. 16, fig. 16 is a neck injury index chart disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, the upper neck Y direction bending moment is specified to be not more than 57n·m.
The installation position of the high-simulation physical dummy model in the shock tube is shown in fig. 17. The device is connected with a shock tube test section in a rigid mode, and the distance between the end faces of the left chest overpressure sensor and the right chest overpressure sensor of the high-simulation physical dummy model and the outlet section of the test section is kept to be 10mm. During the test, the shock tube is driven by compressed air, and the test is carried out by using a simulated explosion shock wave environment with overpressure peaks of 77kPa, 130kPa and 203kPa respectively generated by the impact of an aluminum or steel diaphragm.
FIG. 18 shows overpressure-time curves of 77kPa (77.1.+ -. 4.02 kPa), 130kPa (131.2.+ -. 0.9 kPa) and 203kPa (202.8.+ -. 3.16 kPa), respectively, measured by an overpressure sensor at the outlet of the test section, and as can be seen from FIG. 13, the repeatability of the peak overpressure-time curves of the shock waves under different impact environments is good. As can be seen by comparing the curves in FIG. 13, the first peak in the curve in FIG. 13 is caused by the shock wave generated by the rupture of the diaphragm, and since the reflection pressure on the surface of the high-simulation physical dummy model is usually 2-8 times the pressure peak of the free field, when the free field shock wave contacts with the high-simulation physical dummy model and interacts with the high-simulation physical dummy model to form a reflection wave, we presume that the peak corresponds to the second peak in FIG. 13.
According to the test site video, the damping effect is generated under different strong shock wave environments due to the rubber structure built in the neck of the high-simulation physical dummy model, so that the high-simulation physical dummy model is in a stretching state and rotates backwards around a consolidation point due to the shock wave effect before and after the test, the movement process is more severe along with the increase of the shock wave effect, and the amplitude is gradually reduced and finally returns to the equilibrium state along with the increase of the action time.
Table 7 counts the peak values of the surface overpressure at different positions of the high-simulation physical dummy model. As can be seen from the statistics, the overpressure peak of each measuring point increases with the increase of the free field pressure. Compared with the test results of Ganpule and the like, the brain of the human body is not obviously damaged under the shock wave overpressure environment of 77kPa, the brain of the human body is moderately damaged to severe under the shock wave overpressure environment of 130kPa, and the brain of the human body is severely damaged under the shock wave overpressure environment exceeding 203 kPa. The ear and eye have typical "cavity" structures, which are prone to form "convergence-superposition" effects that can cause damage. During the study of this example, the peak of over-pressure in both the eye and ear was greater than 100kPa, and increased protection was noted. Table 6 calculates and categorizes the damage data. For acceleration-induced brain injury, under three different impact wave pressure environments, the method is based on 3ms criteria and acceleration peak-duration criteria, no obvious injury is found on the brain under all impact wave pressure environments, HIC calculation is carried out based on a high-simulation physical dummy model head synthetic acceleration curve, and the HIC 15 values obtained by the high-simulation physical dummy model under different strong impact wave test environments are found to be less than 700, and no obvious injury is found. And carrying out BrIC value calculation on the head centroid angular speed damage criterion. It was found that the BrIC values were 0.13, 0.36, and 0.72, respectively, for all strong shock wave environments (corresponding to the 77kPa, 130kPa, and 203kPa shock wave pressure environments), and thus it was determined that head damage was most likely to occur when the shock wave pressure exceeded at 203 kPa. For the neck stretching/shearing force damage criterion, the maximum value of the neck stretching force under three different impact wave pressure environments is not more than 1kN, so that obvious damage cannot occur, but when the impact wave pressure exceeds 203kPa, the neck Y-direction bending moment reaches 60.24 N.m, the safety threshold value (should not be more than 57 N.m) is exceeded, and damage caused by overlarge neck Y-direction bending moment can possibly occur.
TABLE 7 statistical table of damage correlations
The maximum value of the neck stretching force under three different impact wave pressure environments is not more than 1kN, so that obvious damage cannot occur, but when the impact wave pressure exceeds 203kPa, the neck Y-direction bending moment reaches 60.24 N.m, and the neck Y-direction bending moment exceeds a safety threshold value (should not be more than 57 N.m), so that damage caused by overlarge neck Y-direction bending moment can occur.
Taken together, brain damage caused by explosive shock waves is a complex process involving a variety of physical mechanisms and biological responses. The combined action of the "short term" and "long term" injury effects results in extensive damage from local to global. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these effects is of great importance in revealing the mechanism of the brain damage caused by the blast shock waves, formulating protection strategies and optimizing treatment schemes.
The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, in which the modules illustrated as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical, i.e., may be located in one place, or may be distributed over multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
From the above detailed description of the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be implemented by means of software plus necessary general hardware platforms, or of course by means of hardware. Based on such understanding, the foregoing technical solutions may be embodied essentially or in part in the form of a software product that may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium including Read-Only Memory (ROM), random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), programmable Read-Only Memory (Programmable Read-Only Memory, PROM), erasable programmable Read-Only Memory (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM), one-time programmable Read-Only Memory (OTPROM), electrically erasable programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), compact disc Read-Only Memory (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, CD-ROM) or other optical disc Memory, magnetic disc Memory, tape Memory, or any other medium that can be used for computer-readable carrying or storing data.
Finally, it should be noted that the system and method for evaluating a strong impact high-imitation human dummy disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the technical scheme of the present invention, but not limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified or some of the technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced, and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical scheme deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present invention.
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