CN120467130A - A gas phase change rock breaking device and rock breaking method based on thermite reaction - Google Patents
A gas phase change rock breaking device and rock breaking method based on thermite reactionInfo
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- CN120467130A CN120467130A CN202510785071.5A CN202510785071A CN120467130A CN 120467130 A CN120467130 A CN 120467130A CN 202510785071 A CN202510785071 A CN 202510785071A CN 120467130 A CN120467130 A CN 120467130A
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- rock breaking
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Abstract
The invention provides a gas phase change rock breaking device and a rock breaking method based on thermite reaction, and belongs to the technical field of rock blasting. The rock breaking device comprises a graphite excitation tube, a liquefied air bag and a sealing cover, wherein thermite is filled in the excitation tube and can perform thermite reaction to release heat, the liquefied air bag is sealed and arranged outside the excitation tube, liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen is filled in the liquefied air bag, the heat released by the excitation tube is subjected to phase change into gas under the action of the liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen, and the volume of the gas is expanded to realize rock mass breaking. According to the invention, by arranging a multi-section excitation tube series structure, an industrial-grade graphite excitation tube is adopted to design a liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen dual-medium system, and a polyethylene degradable material bag body is used, so that the safety, economical efficiency and environmental adaptability of open-air rock exploitation are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock blasting, in particular to a gas phase change rock breaking device and a rock breaking method based on thermite reaction.
Background
In the current open-pit rock mining operation, explosive blasting is often used for breaking rock mass, but the traditional explosive blasting has the problems of strict control of dangerous chemicals, high transportation and storage risks, serious environmental pollution and the like, so that researchers develop non-explosive rock breaking methods such as a carbon dioxide rock breaking method, a liquid oxygen rock breaking method, mechanical breaking and the like.
However, the existing liquefied gas rock breaking still has the following problems that (1) carbon dioxide blasting is limited by low vaporization expansion multiple (only 1:600), low-temperature environment adaptability and high consumable cost, (2) the liquid oxygen phase change rock breaking mode has the defects of incapability of accurate metering, static hidden danger in the filling process, incapability of segmented blasting and the like, and (3) the liquid nitrogen gas phase change rock breaking device in a coal mine scene realizes open-fire-free rock breaking, but the adopted tungsten alloy heating tube has high cost (5-8 times of graphite material) and high density, is only suitable for a single medium of liquid nitrogen, is difficult to meet the deep hole operation requirement of open-air rock mining 5-15m by a single-section structure, and has environmental protection deficiency in TPU material bags.
Although the method solves the problems of explosive blasting, the method is not widely popularized due to the problems of rock breaking efficiency, safety, environmental adaptability, cost and the like, and the application range is limited.
Accordingly, it is an urgent need to provide a phase-change expansion rock breaking device and a rock breaking method that can solve some or all of the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a gas phase change rock breaking device and a rock breaking method based on thermite reaction, which solve the problems in the background technology. According to the rock breaking device, an industrial-grade graphite excitation tube is adopted, a liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen dual-medium system is designed, a multi-section series structure is developed, and a degradable PE bag body is used, so that the safety, economical efficiency and environmental adaptability of open-air rock exploitation are remarkably improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A gas phase change rock breaking device based on thermite reaction comprises an excitation tube, a liquefied air bag, a sealing cover and a sealing cover, wherein thermite is filled in the excitation tube, an electronic match is arranged at the top of the excitation tube in a penetrating mode and extends into the thermite to trigger the thermite reaction to generate heat, the liquefied air bag is sealed and arranged outside the excitation tube in a sealing mode, liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen is filled in the excitation tube in the sealing mode, the heat of the thermite reaction is absorbed through heat conduction of the excitation tube, gas-liquid phase change is generated to generate volume expansion, breaking and crushing of rock are achieved, and the sealing cover is detachably connected with the top of the excitation tube in a sealing mode to enable the excitation tube to form a sealed reaction cavity.
Preferably, the excitation tube is made of industrial grade graphite, has a volume density of not less than 1.8g/cm 3, and is used for efficiently conducting heat to the liquefied air bag.
Preferably, the sealing cover is provided with a liquid injection hole, a liquid injection pipe extending to the bottom of the liquefied air bag is arranged in the liquid injection hole, and the liquid injection pipe is provided with a flow metering device for quantitatively injecting liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen.
Preferably, one end of the liquid injection pipe extending out of the ground is connected with a grounding device through a grounding wire and used for conducting and removing static electricity generated in the filling process.
Preferably, the sealing cover is provided with an exhaust hole, an exhaust pipe extending to the inside of the liquefied air bag by about 0.2m is arranged in the exhaust hole and used for exhausting vaporized gas in the filling process, so that filling of liquid medium in the bag is ensured to be full, and the outlet end of the exhaust pipe is higher than the ground to prevent backflow.
Preferably, the sealing cover is provided with ignition holes for penetrating the electronic match foot lines, the electronic match foot lines are connected with the electronic matches through wires, and the electronic matches are provided with a plurality of ignition holes which are connected in parallel and are uniformly distributed in the excitation tube.
Preferably, the liquefied air bag is made of Polyethylene (PE) material.
Preferably, the liquefied air bag is opened at the top and fixedly connected with the liquid injection pipe, the exhaust pipe and the leg wire above the sealing cover through the sealing structure, so that the liquefied air bag forms a closed cavity for filling liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen.
Preferably, the sealing structure comprises at least one of a binding belt, an adhesive tape and a metal rope, and the fixation and sealing connection between the liquefied air bag and the liquid injection pipe, the exhaust pipe and the electronic match leg wire are realized in a multiple winding or binding mode of the sealing structure, so that the filling efficiency of liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen and the stability of rock breaking energy release are ensured.
Preferably, the sealing cover is in a disc structure made of metal materials such as copper or stainless steel and the like and is used for isolating the liquefied air bag from the blast hole plug and supporting the pressure of the blast hole plug part.
More preferably, the rock breaking device comprises a plurality of sections of excitation pipes, the top of the first excitation pipe is detachably connected with the sealing cover through a threaded structure, the second excitation pipe and the third excitation pipe are uniformly fixed at intervals along the axis of the liquid injection pipe through binding ropes, and the excitation pipes form an integral structure in a serial connection mode to meet the requirements of a rock deep hole blasting scene.
Further, the electronic match leg wires inside the excitation tubes are connected in parallel, and the electronic matches are connected in parallel, so that the simultaneous detonation of a plurality of excitation tubes is realized, and the rock breaking efficiency and the synchronism of energy release are effectively improved.
The rock breaking device of the invention generates electric spark after an external power supply is connected through an electronic match, and triggers a thermite to generate a severe exothermic reaction, so that the temperature in an excitation tube is rapidly increased, heat is uniformly transmitted to an external liquefied air bag through the wall of a graphite tube, liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen in the liquefied air bag is rapidly changed from liquid to gas after absorbing the heat, and the volume is rapidly expanded (the liquid oxygen expansion ratio is about 1:860 and the liquid nitrogen is about 1:696), so that the pressure in the bag is rapidly increased. The high-pressure gas is transmitted to the rock mass through the gap between the liquefied air bag and the wall of the blast hole, so that a gas wedge effect is generated, radial cracks are formed in the rock mass, and finally high-efficiency cracking and crushing are realized.
On the other hand, the invention provides a gas phase-change rock breaking method based on aluminothermic reaction, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling blast holes in a target rock area, wherein the depth of the blast holes is 1-15m, the diameter of the blast holes is adapted to the outer diameter of a rock breaking device, and the device can be stably placed;
S2, placing the rock breaking device into a blast hole, filling a blast hole plug into the blast hole to a specified position, and compacting;
s3, filling liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen into the liquefied air bag through the liquid injection pipe, keeping the exhaust pipe open to discharge vaporization gas, and cutting off the liquid injection pipe and sealing the fracture after the liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen fills the whole liquefied air bag;
S4, connecting an electronic match foot line to an external excitation power supply, generating electric spark by the electronic match after being electrified to ignite igniting powder, rapidly initiating thermit reaction, uniformly transmitting generated heat to a liquefied air bag through an excitation pipe, rapidly carrying out phase change expansion after absorbing the heat by liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen to generate high-pressure gas, and enabling the high-pressure gas to act on rock mass around a blast hole to form radial cracks through a gas wedge effect so as to realize efficient cracking and crushing of the rock mass.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The rock breaking device does not need to use traditional explosive, eliminates explosion risk, is suitable for complex open-air rock mining environments such as high temperature, high gas and the like, remarkably improves operation safety, has no dust, noise and toxic gas generated by explosion, meets the green environment-friendly requirement, and is particularly suitable for rock breaking operation of environmentally-sensitive areas.
2. The invention utilizes the thermite reaction to emit heat intensively and rapidly, the heat is uniformly transmitted into the liquefied air bag made of PE material through the graphite excitation tube, the liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen absorbs the heat to be rapidly subjected to phase change expansion (the liquid oxygen expansion ratio is about 1:860, and the liquid nitrogen is about 1:696), high-pressure gas is formed to act on the rock mass around the blast hole, radial crack expansion is induced in the rock mass through the 'gas wedge effect', the efficient breaking and crushing of the rock mass are realized, the rock breaking efficiency is greatly improved, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved by 30% -50% compared with the traditional method.
3. According to the invention, aiming at the rock deep hole blasting requirement, a multi-section excitation tube serial structure is developed, and synchronous excitation of the multi-section excitation tubes is realized through the parallel electronic match leg wires, so that the problems of uneven energy and high mass rate in the traditional deep hole blasting are effectively solved, a mechanical support is formed by the stainless steel sealing cover and the blast hole plug, the gas rock breaking energy is concentrated in the hole bottom area, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
4. The rock breaking device adopts a modularized design, has high assembly standardization degree, can rapidly complete assembly, filling and excitation, has a simple structure and low maintenance cost, meets the large-scale operation requirement of open-air rock exploitation, and has remarkable engineering economy and popularization value.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rock breaking apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the seal cap structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rock breaking apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
in the figure, a 1-exhaust pipe, a 101-exhaust hole, a 2-liquid injection pipe, a 201-liquid injection hole, a 3-electronic match foot line, a 301-ignition hole, a 4-blast hole plug, a 5-sealing cover, a 6-excitation pipe, a 601-excitation pipe top, a 602-first excitation pipe, a 603-second excitation pipe, a 604-third excitation, a 7-liquefied air bag, an 8-thermite, a 9-electronic match, a 10-liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen, a 11-grounding wire, a 12-sealing structure and a 13-tying rope;
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The rock breaking device is more economical and lighter than tungsten alloy by adopting an industrial-grade graphite excitation tube, graphite has good conductivity, static electricity can be prevented under the system grounding condition, a liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen double-medium compatible system is designed, the rock breaking energy is obviously improved compared with carbon dioxide blasting, a multi-section series structure is developed, the problem of deep hole energy attenuation is solved, and a degradable PE bag body is selected, so that the environment friendliness is improved. The device remarkably improves the safety, economy and environmental adaptability of open-pit rock mining through high-efficiency energy coupling, flexible double-medium adaptation and environmental protection structural design.
Example 1:
Aiming at shallow Kong Poyan working conditions (hole depth is smaller than 5 m), the embodiment provides a gas phase-change rock breaking device based on thermite reaction, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises an excitation tube 6, an thermite 8 is filled in the gas phase-change rock breaking device, an electronic match 9 is arranged at the top of the gas phase-change rock breaking device in a penetrating mode, the electronic match 9 extends into the thermite 8 and is used for initiating the thermite reaction to generate heat, a liquefied air bag 7 is arranged outside the excitation tube 1 in a sealing mode, liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen 10 is filled in the interior of the excitation tube in a sealing mode, the thermite reaction heat is absorbed through heat conduction of the excitation tube, volume expansion is generated through gas-liquid phase change to break and crush rock, and detachable sealing connection is formed between the gas phase-change rock breaking device and the top of the excitation tube to enable the excitation tube to form a sealed reaction cavity.
In a preferred embodiment, the excitation tube 6 is made of industrial grade graphite, and the volume density is not less than 1.8g/cm 3. Graphite has high temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance, electrical conductivity and excellent heat conductivity. The excellent conductivity is favorable for static prevention under the system grounding condition, and the excellent heat conduction performance is convenient for the heat released by the aluminothermic reaction to be uniformly conducted to an external liquefied air bag through the graphite pipe wall, so that the liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen is subjected to phase change expansion.
As shown in fig. 2, the sealing cover 5 is provided with a liquid injection hole 201, a liquid injection pipe 2 extending to the bottom of the liquefied air bag 7 is arranged in the liquid injection hole 201, the liquid injection pipe is provided with a flow metering device for quantitatively injecting liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen, and one end of the liquid injection pipe 2 extending out of the ground is connected with a grounding device through a grounding wire 11 for conducting and removing static electricity generated in the filling process.
The sealing cover 5 is provided with an exhaust hole 101, the exhaust hole 101 is internally provided with an exhaust pipe 1 extending to the inside of the liquefied air bag 7 by about 0.2m for exhausting vaporized gas in the filling process, filling of liquid medium in the bag is ensured to be full, and the outlet end of the exhaust pipe is higher than the ground to prevent backflow.
The ignition hole 301 is formed in the sealing cover 5 and used for penetrating the electronic match leg wire 3, the electronic match leg wire 3 is connected with the electronic matches 9 through wires, and the electronic matches 9 are provided with 3 ignition holes and are connected in parallel and uniformly distributed in the ignition tube 6.
Through setting up annotate liquid hole 201, exhaust hole 101 and ignition hole 301 on sealed lid 5, formed safe, efficient broken rock device workflow, ensured not only that liquid medium fills plumpness and static safety, ensured the reliability that the ignition triggered again, finally promoted broken rock energy release's stability and broken rock efficiency.
In the preferred embodiment, the liquefied air bag 7 is made of degradable PE materials, has good sealing performance, low temperature resistance and expansion resistance, the good sealing performance can effectively prevent liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen from leaking in the storage, transportation and phase change processes, avoid frostbite risks and energy waste, the low temperature resistance enables the liquefied air bag to remain flexible in extreme environments, prevents the bag body from embrittling and cracking, ensures the storage stability of low-temperature media, and the expansion resistance enables the liquefied air bag 7 to bear the volume shock pressure (expansion by 700 times) when the liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen is vaporized, avoids the bag body from excessively deforming to squeeze parts such as a liquid injection pipe, a foot line and the like, and maintains the pipeline connection stable.
In a preferred embodiment, the top of the liquefied air bag 7 is opened, and the liquefied air bag is fixedly connected with the liquid injection pipe 2, the exhaust pipe 1 and the leg wire 3 above the sealing cover through the sealing structure 12, so that the liquefied air bag forms a closed cavity for filling liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen.
The sealing structure comprises at least one of a binding belt, an adhesive tape and a metal rope, and the fixation and sealing connection between the liquefied air bag and the liquid injection pipe, the exhaust pipe and the foot line are realized in a multiple winding or binding mode of the sealing structure, so that the sealing structure has higher sealing performance and filling efficiency when filling liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen, and simultaneously, the controllability and stability of energy release in subsequent rock breaking operation are ensured.
In a preferred embodiment, the sealing cover 5 is detachably connected with the external thread on the outer side of the top 601 of the excitation tube through a threaded interface arranged on the inner surface, and the sealing cover 5 and the excitation tube 6 are quickly assembled through threaded structure connection.
The sealing cover 5 is of a disc structure made of metal materials such as copper or stainless steel and is used for isolating the liquefied air bag 7 and the blast hole plug 4, isolating the liquefied air bag and the blast hole plug, supporting the pressure of the blast hole plug part and guaranteeing the structural stability and the working reliability of the device in the blast hole.
When the device is used, firstly, the rock breaking device is assembled, the device comprises the steps of quickly filling thermite 8 in an excitation tube 6, connecting three electronic matches 9 in parallel and inserting the three electronic matches into the thermite 8, leading out a foot line 3 through an ignition hole 301 of a sealing cover 5 connected with the top 601 of the excitation tube, fixing the sealing cover 5 with the excitation tube 6 through threaded connection, sleeving a liquefied air bag 7 outside the excitation tube 6, enabling a liquid injection tube 2 and an exhaust tube 1 to sequentially pass through a liquid injection hole 201 and an exhaust hole 101 of the sealing cover 5, enabling the tail end of the liquid injection tube 2 to extend to the bottom of the liquefied air bag 7 to ensure full filling of liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen, enabling the tail end of the exhaust tube 1 to extend into the liquefied air bag 7 for 0.2m so as to effectively discharge vaporized gas, tightly attaching the led out foot line 3 to the liquid injection tube 2, fixing the liquefied air bag opening and the pipelines (the exhaust tube 1, the liquid injection tube 2 and the foot line 3) through multiple windings of a sealing structure 12, reliably connecting a tube section of the liquid injection tube 2 extending out of the ground through a grounding wire 11 with a peripheral grounding device of the blast hole so as to enable the grounding resistance to be less than or equal to 4 omega, and eliminating static electricity generated in the filling process. And after the rock breaking device is assembled, carrying out subsequent rock breaking work.
The embodiment also provides a gas phase-change rock breaking method based on aluminothermic reaction, which adopts the gas phase-change rock breaking device and comprises the following steps:
S1, drilling a blast hole in a target rock area;
S2, placing the assembled rock breaking device into a blast hole along the axial direction of the blast hole, filling a plug 4 into the blast hole to a specified position, avoiding a pipeline exposed by the device, compacting, guiding the rock breaking energy to directionally release towards a rock mass at the bottom of the blast hole, and avoiding upward escape of the energy;
s3, filling liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen 10 into the liquefied air bag 7 through the liquid injection pipe 2, keeping the exhaust pipe 1 open to discharge vaporization gas, and cutting off the liquid injection pipe 2 and sealing a fracture after the liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen 10 fills the whole liquefied air bag 7 so as to ensure that the liquefied air bag is in a closed state;
S4, connecting an electronic match foot line to an external excitation power supply, generating electric sparks by the electronic match 9 after being electrified to quickly trigger aluminothermic reaction, uniformly transmitting generated heat to the liquefied air bag 7 through the excitation tube 6, quickly carrying out phase change expansion after absorbing the heat by liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen 10 to generate high-pressure gas, and enabling the high-pressure gas to act on rock mass around a blast hole to form radial cracks through a gas wedge effect so as to realize efficient breaking and crushing of the rock mass.
The method realizes the energy orientation, safety, controllability, environmental protection and high efficiency of rock breaking, and creates conditions for the subsequent exploitation.
Example 2:
further description is provided in connection with example 1. Aiming at the working condition of deep hole rock breaking (hole depth of 5m-15 m), the embodiment adopts a multi-section excitation pipe parallel structure, and each section of liquid injection and excitation are synchronously carried out, so that the deep hole rock mass is uniformly broken.
As shown in FIG. 3, the gas phase change rock breaking device based on aluminothermic reaction comprises a plurality of sections of excitation pipes, wherein the top of a first excitation pipe 602 is in threaded connection with a sealing cover 5, a second excitation pipe 603 and a third excitation pipe 604 are uniformly fixed at intervals along the axial direction of a liquid injection pipe through binding ropes 13, a series structure among the first excitation pipe 602, the second excitation pipe 603 and the third excitation pipe 604 is adopted, the rock deep hole blasting requirement is met, the 3 lines of electronic match feet in the excitation pipes are connected in parallel, and three electronic matches 9 are arranged in parallel in each excitation pipe, so that synchronous excitation of a plurality of excitation pipes is realized, and the rock breaking efficiency is improved.
When the electric gun is used, thermite 8 is filled in each excitation tube and an electronic match leg wire 3 is fixed, the top of a first excitation tube 602 is in threaded connection with a sealing cover 5, a second excitation tube 603 and a third excitation tube 604 are uniformly fixed on a liquid injection tube 2 at intervals through binding ropes 12, the electronic match leg wires 3 in each excitation tube are connected in parallel to realize synchronous excitation, a liquefied air bag 7 is sleeved outside each excitation tube from bottom to top to ensure that a bag body completely covers the excitation tubes, the liquid injection tube 2 and an exhaust tube 1 pass through corresponding holes of the sealing cover 5 connected with the first excitation tube 601, the tail end of the liquid injection tube 2 extends to the bottom of the liquefied air bag 7 to ensure full filling of liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen 10, the tail end of the exhaust tube 1 stretches into the liquefied air bag 7 by 0.2m to facilitate discharging of vaporization gas, the led-out leg wires 3 are tightly adhered to the liquid injection tube 2, the liquefied air bag 7 and the pipelines (the exhaust tube, the liquid injection tube and the leg wires) are fixedly wound in multiple times through sealing structures 12 of the sealing bands or adhesive tapes, the liquid injection tube sections are connected with the periphery of a grounding device through grounding wire 11 to the grounding hole of the ground, and the static electricity removing process is generated.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims, including the equivalents of the technical features in the claims. I.e., equivalent replacement modifications within the scope of this invention are also within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A gas phase change rock breaking device based on thermite reaction is characterized by comprising an excitation tube (6), wherein thermite (8) is filled in the excitation tube, an electronic match (9) is arranged at the top of the excitation tube in a penetrating mode, the electronic match (9) extends into the thermite (8) and is used for triggering the thermite reaction to generate heat, a liquefied air bag (7) is sealed and arranged outside the excitation tube (6), liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen (10) is filled in the excitation tube, the heat of the thermite reaction is absorbed through heat conduction of the excitation tube, gas-liquid phase change is generated to generate volume expansion, rock breaking and crushing are achieved, and a sealing cover (5) is detachably connected with the top (601) of the excitation tube in a sealing mode, so that the excitation tube (6) forms a sealed reaction cavity.
2. The thermite reaction-based gas phase transition rock breaking device according to claim 1, wherein the excitation tube (6) is made of industrial grade graphite, has a volume density of not less than 1.8g/cm 3, and is used for efficiently conducting heat to the liquefied air bag (7).
3. The gas phase change rock breaking device based on aluminothermic reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that the sealing cover (5) is provided with a liquid injection hole (201), and a liquid injection pipe (2) extending to the bottom of the liquefied air bag (7) is arranged in the liquid injection hole (201) for quantitatively injecting liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen (10).
4. The thermite reaction-based gas phase transition rock breaking device according to claim 1, wherein the sealing cover (5) is provided with an exhaust hole (101), and an exhaust pipe (1) extending to the inside of the liquefied air bag (7) by about 0.2m is arranged in the exhaust hole (101) for discharging the gas vaporized in the filling process.
5. The thermite reaction-based gas phase-change rock breaking device according to claim 1, wherein the sealing cover (5) is provided with an ignition hole (301) for penetrating an electronic match leg wire (3), the electronic match leg wire (3) is connected with an electronic match (9) through a wire, and the electronic match (9) is provided with a plurality of ignition holes and is connected in parallel.
6. The thermite reaction-based gas phase change rock breaking device according to claim 1, wherein the liquefied air bag (7) is made of polyethylene material.
7. The thermite reaction-based gas phase transition rock breaking device according to claim 1, wherein the top opening of the liquefied air bag (7) is fixed above the sealing cover (5) through the bag body sealing structure (12) together with the liquid injection pipe (2), the exhaust pipe (1) and the electronic match leg wire (3), so that the liquefied air bag (7) forms a closed space for filling liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen (10).
8. The thermite reaction-based gas phase transition rock breaking device according to claim 1, wherein the sealing cover (5) is detachably connected with external threads on the outer side of the top part (601) of the excitation tube through a set threaded interface.
9. The thermite reaction-based gas phase transition rock breaking device according to claim 1, wherein the sealing cover (5) is a disc structure made of copper or stainless steel metal material and is used for isolating the liquefied air bag (7) from the blast hole plug (4) and supporting the pressure of the blast hole plug part.
10. A gas phase-change rock breaking method based on aluminothermic reaction, adopting the gas phase-change rock breaking device as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drilling blast holes in a target rock area, wherein the depth of the hole channels is 1-15m;
S2, placing the rock breaking device into a blast hole, filling a blast hole plug (4) into the hole, and filling and compacting;
s3, filling liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen (10) into the liquefied air bag (7) through the liquid injection pipe (2), keeping the exhaust pipe (201) open to discharge vaporization gas, and cutting off the liquid injection pipe (2) and sealing a fracture after the liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen (10) fills the liquefied air bag (7);
S4, connecting the electronic match leg wire (3) with an external excitation power supply, so that the electronic match (9) generates electric sparks to quickly trigger aluminothermic reaction, the generated heat is uniformly transmitted to the liquefied air bag (7) through the excitation pipe (6), the liquefied oxygen or liquid nitrogen (10) absorbs the heat and then quickly changes phase to expand to generate high-pressure gas, and the high-pressure gas acts on the rock mass around the blast hole to realize efficient breaking and crushing of the rock mass.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202510785071.5A CN120467130A (en) | 2025-06-12 | 2025-06-12 | A gas phase change rock breaking device and rock breaking method based on thermite reaction |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202510785071.5A CN120467130A (en) | 2025-06-12 | 2025-06-12 | A gas phase change rock breaking device and rock breaking method based on thermite reaction |
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| CN202510785071.5A Pending CN120467130A (en) | 2025-06-12 | 2025-06-12 | A gas phase change rock breaking device and rock breaking method based on thermite reaction |
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