CN120479968B - Multilayer heterogeneous metal cladding material preparation device and preparation method - Google Patents
Multilayer heterogeneous metal cladding material preparation device and preparation methodInfo
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- CN120479968B CN120479968B CN202510984163.6A CN202510984163A CN120479968B CN 120479968 B CN120479968 B CN 120479968B CN 202510984163 A CN202510984163 A CN 202510984163A CN 120479968 B CN120479968 B CN 120479968B
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation device and a preparation method of a multilayer heterogeneous metal cladding material, which relate to the technical field of metal composite material preparation, wherein the preparation device comprises an electro-plastic drawing unit and a heat treatment unit, and (3) carrying out electro-plastic drawing on the composite coated metal wire by a plurality of groups of drawing dies under the action of a drawing current loop in the electro-plastic drawing unit, enabling the drawn composite coated metal wire to enter a heat treatment unit, carrying out heat treatment on the composite coated metal wire under the action of the heat treatment current loop, and forming the finished product composite coated metal wire. According to the invention, the drawing pulse power supply and the metal wire form a current loop, in the drawing process, the drawing pulse current can improve the plasticity of the metal wire, so that the drawing force required by the metal wire is reduced, and meanwhile, the heat treatment unit applies the heat treatment pulse power supply to perform on-line electric pulse heat treatment on the metal wire, so that high-strength metallurgical bonding is formed between the cladding metal and the core metal, and the performance of the metal cladding material is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal composite material preparation, in particular to a device and a method for preparing a multilayer heterogeneous metal cladding material.
Background
The metal coating material is formed by coating one metal on the surface of the other metal through processing, and the structure has the performances of coating metal and core metal, so that the problems that a single metal material cannot meet the performances of high strength, high wear resistance, high conductivity, high corrosion resistance and the like can be solved, the consumption of shortage metal can be reduced, the density of the material is reduced, typical products comprise copper-coated steel, silver-coated aluminum, gold-coated copper and other metal coating materials, and the metal coating material has wide application prospects in the fields of nuclear power, automobiles, energy sources, aerospace, petrochemical industry, ocean engineering, power electronics and the like.
The current preparation methods of the metal cladding material comprise an electroplating method, a casting-rolling composite method or a plastic forming preparation method. The coated wire prepared by the electroplating method has the defects of limited thickness of a coating, uneven thickness, lower bonding strength between the coating and a core material and the like, and the Zhou Xiangxing energy uniformity of the wire is difficult to control by a casting-rolling compounding method. The plastic forming method is generally divided into two steps, namely, firstly preparing an outer cladding metal tube and a core metal rod of the composite wire respectively, and then compounding and forming the two materials to the required size by adopting a drawing process, wherein brittle compounds are easy to generate at a compound interface at the high temperature generated in the drawing process, and the wire with large length-diameter ratio is difficult to prepare.
Therefore, the preparation of the product Zhou Xiangxing can be uniform and the wire with large length-diameter ratio has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation device and a preparation method of a multilayer heterogeneous metal cladding material, an electric plastic drawing unit adopts an electric auxiliary drawing process, a drawing pulse power supply and a metal wire form a current loop in the drawing process, pulse current improves the plasticity of the metal wire, and further reduces the drawing force required by the metal wire, and meanwhile, a heat treatment unit utilizes a heat treatment pulse power supply to implement on-line electric pulse heat treatment on the metal wire, and the temperature rise of the metal wire is accurately controlled to promote the diffusion of metal atoms of a composite interface by regulating and controlling the current density, the voltage, the pulse frequency and the duty ratio of the pulse power supply, so that the cladding metal and the core metal form high-strength metallurgical bonding, and the circumferential uniformity of the metal cladding material is effectively improved.
Specifically, in one aspect, the present invention provides a multi-layered heterogeneous metal clad material preparing apparatus, which includes an electro-plastic drawing unit and a heat treatment unit;
The electro-plastic drawing unit comprises a first drawing element, a second drawing element, a guide wheel, a plurality of groups of drawing dies and a drawing pulse power supply, wherein the first drawing element and the plurality of groups of drawing dies are arranged in a height difference manner in the vertical direction in a plane, the lower edge of the guide wheel, the central axis of the plurality of groups of drawing dies and the lower edge of the second drawing element are arranged on the same horizontal line, the guide wheel and the drawing dies are arranged between the first drawing element and the second drawing element, a drawing channel penetrating the drawing dies and in a stepped manner is arranged at the center of the drawing dies along the central axis direction, and electrodes of the drawing pulse power supply are respectively communicated with the first drawing element and the second drawing element to form a drawing current loop;
The heat treatment unit comprises a first heat treatment element, a second heat treatment element, a plurality of groups of cooling units and a heat treatment pulse power supply, wherein the first heat treatment element and the second heat treatment element are arranged in a height difference manner in the vertical direction in a plane, the second heat treatment element is arranged on the frame in a sliding manner, the plurality of groups of cooling units are arranged at the first end of the second heat treatment element, and electrodes of the heat treatment pulse power supply are respectively communicated with the first heat treatment element and the second heat treatment element to form a heat treatment current loop;
When the heat treatment unit carries out heat treatment on the composite coated metal wire, the length and the wire drawing speed of the composite coated metal wire between the first heat treatment element and the second heat treatment element are changed, the heat treatment time of the composite coated metal wire is changed, then the heat treatment temperature of the composite coated metal wire is changed, and the target heat treatment temperature expression of the composite coated metal wire is as follows:
;
Wherein T represents a target heat treatment temperature of the composite coated wire, I p represents a pulse amplitude outputted by a heat treatment pulse power supply, r represents a resistivity of the composite coated wire, T p represents a pulse width, r m represents a density of metal, d represents a diameter of the composite coated wire, c represents a specific heat capacity of the composite coated wire, L represents a length of the composite coated wire between the first heat treatment element and the second heat treatment element, v represents a drawing speed, and T 0 represents an initial temperature of the composite coated wire.
Preferably, an uncoiling unit, a guiding preforming unit, a powder feeding unit and an overmoulding unit are arranged on a frame at the first end of the electro-plastic drawing unit, the uncoiling unit, the guiding preforming unit, the powder feeding unit and the overmoulding unit are sequentially arranged from left to right, a first uncoiling unit and a second uncoiling unit are arranged on the uncoiling unit, an upper roller and a lower roller are arranged on the guiding preforming unit, a plurality of groups of flat rollers and a laser welding unit are arranged on the overmoulding unit, and a wire collecting unit is arranged on the frame at the first end of the heat treatment unit.
Preferably, the first uncoiling unit uniformly feeds the core metal wire into the guiding preforming unit, the second uncoiling unit uniformly feeds the cladding metal strip into the guiding preforming unit, an upper roller and a lower roller in the guiding preforming unit roll the cladding metal strip into a U-shaped shape, meanwhile, the core metal wire is contained in the cladding metal strip, the powder feeding unit uniformly adds metal powder into the cladding metal strip which is rolled and formed in advance, the cladding metal strip enters the cladding forming unit, after the cladding metal strip is rolled by a plurality of groups of flat rollers, the cladding metal strip finishes cladding the core metal wire and the metal powder, and simultaneously, the laser welding unit welds the open edges of the cladding metal strip to finish cladding of the core metal wire and the metal powder by the cladding metal strip, and the cladding metal strip, the core metal wire and the metal powder jointly form the composite cladding metal wire.
Preferably, the number of the drawing dies is 2-5, and the drawing channels on each group of drawing dies comprise a wire inlet region, a reducing region and a wire outlet region, and the composite coated metal wire sequentially passes through the wire inlet region, the reducing region and the wire outlet region under the action of a drawing pulse power supply and a drawing force to finish the electro-plastic drawing reducing of the composite coated metal wire.
Preferably, the wire feeding area comprises a guide section and a first holding section, the guide section is arranged at the first end of the wire feeding area, the middle section of the guide section is trapezoid, the guide angle at the guide section is 10-15 degrees, the length of the guide section is 3-5 mm, the first holding section is arranged at the second end of the wire feeding area, the length of the first holding section is 3-5 mm, and the length of the wire feeding area is equal to the sum of the length of the guide section and the length of the first holding section.
Preferably, the reducing area adopts a stepped structure, the reducing area comprises 3-5 reducing sections, the length of the reducing area is equal to the sum of the lengths of a plurality of reducing sections, each reducing section consists of a gradual change part and a holding part, the middle section of each gradual change part is in a trapezoid shape, the angle of a gradual change angle at each gradual change part is 30-60 degrees, and the length of the gradual change part is 3-5 mm;
the diameter d i of the i-th reduced diameter section holding portion is:
;
Wherein d represents the diameter of the composite coated wire, d 0 represents the target diameter of the composite coated wire, N represents the number of reduced diameter segments, and i represents the i-th reduced diameter segment;
the length L i of the i-th reduced diameter section holding portion is:
。
Preferably, the wire outlet area comprises a second holding section and a transition section, the second holding section is arranged at the first end of the wire outlet area, the length of the second holding section is 3 mm-5 mm, the transition section is arranged at the second end of the wire outlet area, the middle section of the transition section is trapezoid, the angle of the transition angle at the transition section is 10-15 degrees, the length of the transition section is 3 mm-5 mm, and the length of the wire outlet area is equal to the sum of the length of the second holding section and the length of the transition section.
Preferably, when the composite coated metal wire enters the electro-plastic drawing unit, the composite coated metal wire is jointed with the first drawing element and the second drawing element and horizontally passes through the drawing channels on the plurality of groups of drawing dies, the plurality of groups of drawing dies perform electro-plastic drawing on the composite coated metal wire under the action of a drawing current loop, the drawn composite coated metal wire enters the heat treatment unit, the heat treatment is performed on the composite coated metal wire under the action of the heat treatment current loop, and then the high-strength metallurgical combination among the layers of metal in the composite coated metal wire is realized, and the composite coated metal wire is rapidly cooled through the plurality of groups of cooling units, so that the finished composite coated metal wire is formed.
On the other hand, the invention provides a preparation method of a multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material, which is realized based on the preparation device of the multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material, and comprises the following steps of:
s1, determining parameters and data of a coating material to be prepared;
S2, in the cladding stage, an uncoiling unit, a guiding preforming unit, a powder feeding unit and a cladding forming unit are started, and under the combined action of the uncoiling unit, the guiding preforming unit, the powder feeding unit and the cladding forming unit, the cladding metal material is subjected to forming rolling and welding;
S3, in the drawing stage, a drawing pulse power supply is electrified, the composite coated metal wire sequentially passes through a first drawing element, a guide wheel, a plurality of groups of drawing dies and a second drawing element under the action of the drawing pulse power supply and a wire collecting unit, and the composite coated metal wire is subjected to electro-plastic drawing under the action of a drawing current loop;
S4, in the heat treatment stage, a heat treatment pulse power supply is electrified, the composite coated metal wire sequentially passes through a first heat treatment element, a second heat treatment element and a plurality of groups of cooling units under the action of the heat treatment pulse power supply and a wire collecting unit, the composite coated metal wire is subjected to heat treatment under the action of a heat treatment current loop, and the composite coated metal wire is rapidly cooled by the plurality of groups of cooling units;
S5, in the continuous stable forming stage, the finished composite coated metal wire is uniformly wound on a wire collecting unit, and a drawing force is generated under the action of the wire collecting unit to realize continuous stable production of the composite coated metal wire.
Preferably, in step S2, when the first uncoiling unit, the second uncoiling unit and the powder feeding unit are opened and cooperate with the guiding preforming unit, the cladding forming unit, the electro-plastic drawing unit, the heat treatment unit and the wire collecting unit, a composite cladding metal wire of cladding metal belt cladding core metal wire and metal powder can be manufactured;
When the first uncoiling unit is closed, the second uncoiling unit and the powder feeding unit are opened and coact with the guiding preforming unit, the cladding forming unit, the electro-plastic drawing unit, the heat treatment unit and the wire collecting unit, the composite cladding metal wire of cladding metal belt cladding metal powder can be manufactured;
When the powder feeding unit is closed, the first uncoiling unit and the second uncoiling unit are opened, and the powder feeding unit and the guiding preforming unit, the cladding forming unit, the electro-plastic drawing unit, the heat treatment unit and the wire collecting unit are combined to form the composite cladding metal wire with the cladding metal belt cladding the core metal wire.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the preparation device and the preparation method of the multilayer heterogeneous metal cladding material, the electro-plastic drawing unit adopts the electro-assisted drawing process to draw the pulse power supply and the metal wire to construct a current loop, and in the drawing process, the pulse current can improve the plasticity of the metal wire, so that the drawing force required by the metal wire is reduced. Compared with the traditional drawing process, the invention does not need the procedures of intermediate annealing and the like, reduces the production steps, improves the production efficiency, and simultaneously, under the process, the deformation of the metal wire is more uniform, and the prepared coated wire has good uniformity and high surface quality.
2. According to the preparation device and the preparation method of the multilayer heterogeneous metal cladding material, provided by the invention, the heat treatment unit applies the heat treatment pulse power supply to perform on-line electric pulse heat treatment on the metal wire, and by regulating and controlling parameters such as current density, voltage, pulse frequency, duty ratio and the like of the pulse power supply, the metal wire temperature rise can be accurately controlled to promote the diffusion of metal atoms of a composite interface, so that the cladding metal and the core metal form high-strength metallurgical bonding, and the circumferential performance of the metal cladding material is effectively improved.
3. The multi-layer heterogeneous metal coating material preparation device and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the number of groups of the multi-group drawing dies can be determined according to the parameters for manufacturing the metal coating material, the internal structure is fine, each part of the wire feeding area, the wire reducing area and the wire discharging area has specific dimensions and angles, the drawing dies can be flexibly adjusted according to different coating material parameters, the metal wire can be ensured to sequentially and smoothly pass through each area under the combined action of pulse current and drawing force, the continuous gradual deformation is realized, the good surface quality is obtained, and the preparation requirements of metal coating materials with different specifications are met.
4. According to the preparation device and the preparation method of the multilayer heterogeneous metal cladding material, provided by the invention, the cladding welding molding process is adopted, under the cooperative work of a plurality of units such as the guiding preforming unit, the cladding molding unit and the like, the cladding metal belt is subjected to laser welding after being subjected to rolling molding, so that the internal material can be tightly clad, the difficult problem that the wire with large length-diameter ratio is difficult to prepare in the traditional method is solved, and the uniformity of the circumferential performance of the product is ensured.
5. According to the preparation device and the preparation method of the multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material, provided by the invention, various types of wires can be prepared by controlling the start-stop states of the first uncoiling unit, the second uncoiling unit and the powder feeding unit to match with the other manufacturing units, including metal strip coated metal powder, core metal wire, metal strip coated metal powder wire and metal strip coated core metal wire.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of an apparatus for producing a multilayer heterogeneous metal clad material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an uncoiling unit in a device for producing a multilayer heterogeneous metal clad material according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an overmolding unit in an apparatus for producing a multilayer heterogeneous metal clad material of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electro-plastic drawing unit in the apparatus for producing a multilayer heterogeneous metal clad material of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a drawing die in the electro-plastic drawing unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a drawing die in the electro-plastic drawing unit of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of the drawing die of the present invention at A in FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view of the drawing die of the present invention at B in fig. 6;
fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of the drawing die of the present invention at C in fig. 6;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a heat treatment unit in an apparatus for producing a multilayer heterogeneous metal clad material according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a multi-layered heterogeneous metal coating material according to the present invention.
The main reference numerals:
1. Decoiling unit 101, first decoiling unit, 1011, core metal wire, 102, second decoiling unit, 1021, cladding metal belt, 2, guiding preforming unit, 3, powder feeding unit, 4, cladding unit, 401, flat roller, 402, vertical roller, 403, laser welding unit, 5, electro-plastic drawing unit, 501, first drawing element, 502, second drawing element, 503, guiding wheel, 504, drawing die, 5040, drawing channel, 5041, wire feeding area, 50411, guiding section, 50412, first holding section, 5042, wire discharging area, 50421, second holding section, 50422, gradual change section, 5043, reducing area, 50431, reducing section, 504311, gradual change section, 504312, holding section, 505, drawing pulse power source, 6, heat treatment unit, 601, first heat treatment element, 602, second heat treatment element, 603, cooling unit, 604, heat treatment pulse power source, 7, wire collecting unit.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The invention relates to a preparation device of a multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material, which is shown in fig. 1-3, and comprises an electro-plastic drawing unit 5 and a heat treatment unit 6, wherein the electro-plastic drawing unit 5 and the heat treatment unit 6 are arranged on a frame. An uncoiling unit 1, a guiding preforming unit 2, a powder feeding unit 3 and an overmoulding unit 4 are arranged on a frame at the first end of the electro-plastic drawing unit 5, and the uncoiling unit 1, the guiding preforming unit 2, the powder feeding unit 3 and the overmoulding unit 4 are sequentially arranged from left to right. A frame at the first end of the heat treatment unit 6 is provided with a wire collecting unit 7 for winding the finished composite coated metal wire.
The uncoiling unit 1 is provided with a first uncoiling unit 101 and a second uncoiling unit 102, the guiding preforming unit 2 is provided with an upper roller and a lower roller, and the cladding forming unit 4 is provided with a plurality of groups of flat rollers 401, vertical rollers 402 and a laser welding unit 403. The first unwinding unit 101 uniformly feeds the core wire 1011 into the guide preforming unit 2, and the second unwinding unit 102 uniformly feeds the clad metal strip 1021 into the guide preforming unit 2. The upper and lower rolls guided to the preforming unit 2 roll the clad metal strip 1021 into a U-shape while accommodating the core metal wire 1011 in the clad metal strip 1021, and control the relative positions of the core metal wire 1011 and the clad metal strip 1021 for the subsequent addition of metal powder. The powder feeding unit 3 uniformly adds metal powder into the clad metal strip 1021 which is pre-rolled and formed, the clad metal strip 1021 enters the cladding forming unit 4, after the clad metal strip 1021 is rolled by a plurality of groups of flat rollers 401, the clad metal strip 1021 finishes cladding the core metal wire 1011 and the metal powder, and simultaneously the laser welding unit 403 welds the open edge of the clad metal strip 1021 to finish cladding the core metal wire 1011 and the metal powder by the clad metal strip 1021, and at the moment, the clad metal strip 1021, the core metal wire 1011 and the metal powder jointly form a composite clad metal wire.
As shown in fig. 4, the electro-plastic drawing unit 5 includes a first drawing element 501, a second drawing element 502, a guide wheel 503, a plurality of groups of drawing dies 504 and a drawing pulse power source 505, the first drawing element 501 and the plurality of groups of drawing dies 504 are arranged in a height difference in the vertical direction in a plane, the lower edge of the guide wheel 503, the central axis of the plurality of groups of drawing dies 504 and the lower edge of the second drawing element are arranged on the same horizontal line, the guide wheel 503 and the drawing dies 504 are arranged between the first drawing element 501 and the second drawing element 502, a drawing channel 5040 penetrating the drawing dies 504 and having a stepped shape is arranged at the center of the drawing dies 504 along the central axis direction thereof, and electrodes of the drawing pulse power source 505 are respectively connected with the first drawing element 501 and the second drawing element 502 to form a drawing current loop.
In a preferred manner, the positive electrode of the drawing pulse power source 505 is connected with the first drawing element 501, the negative electrode is connected with the second drawing element 502, and the current enters the first drawing element 501 from the positive electrode of the drawing pulse power source 505, flows through the composite coated metal wire, passes through the plurality of groups of drawing dies 504 and flows back to the negative electrode of the drawing pulse power source 505 through the second drawing element 502.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the number of drawing dies 504 is 2-5, and the drawing channel 5040 on each drawing die 504 is composed of a wire feeding area 5041, a reducing area 5043 and a wire discharging area 5042, and the composite coated metal wire sequentially passes through the wire feeding area 5041, the reducing area 5043 and the wire discharging area 5042 under the action of a drawing pulse power source 505 and drawing force, so that the electro-plastic drawing reducing of the composite coated metal wire is completed.
As shown in fig. 7, the feeding region 5041 includes a guide section 50411 and a first holding section 50412. The guiding section 50411 is arranged at the first end of the wire feeding area 5041, the middle section of the guiding section 50411 is trapezoid-shaped, and the guiding angle is formed at the guiding sectionThe angle of (3) is 10-15 degrees, and the length of the guide section 50411 is 3-5 mm. The first holding section 50412 is disposed at the second end of the feeding region 5041, and the length of the first holding section 50412 is 3mm to 5mm. The length of the feeding region 5041 is equal to the sum of the length of the guide section 50411 and the length of the first holding section 50412.
As shown in fig. 8, the reducing area 5043 has a stepped structure, the reducing area 5043 is composed of a plurality of reducing segments 50431, the number of reducing segments 50431 is 3 to 5, the length of the reducing area 5043 is equal to the sum of the lengths 50431 of the reducing segments, and each reducing segment 50431 is composed of a gradual change portion 504311 and a holding portion 504312. The middle section of each gradual change part 504311 is trapezoid, and the gradual change angle of each gradual change part 504311 isThe angle of (3) is 30-60 degrees, and the length of the gradual change part 504311 is 3-5 mm.
First, theThe diameter d i of each reduced diameter segment holding portion 504312 is:
;
Where d represents the diameter of the composite coated wire, d 0 represents the target diameter of the composite coated wire, N represents the number of reduced diameter segments, and i represents the i-th reduced diameter segment.
The length L i of the i-th reduced diameter section holding portion 504312 is:
。
As shown in fig. 9, the wire exit region 5042 includes a second retaining section 50421 and a transition section 50422. The second holding section 50421 is disposed at the first end of the filament outlet 5042, and the length of the second holding section 50421 is 3mm to 5mm. The transition section 50422 is arranged at the second end of the yarn outlet region 5042, the middle section of the transition section 50422 is trapezoid-shaped, and the transition angle is changed at the transition section The angle of (3) is 10-15 degrees, and the length of the transition section 50422 is 3-5 mm. The length of the wire exit region 5042 is equal to the sum of the length of the second retaining segment 50421 and the length of the transition segment 50422.
As shown in fig. 10, the heat treatment unit 6 includes a first heat treatment element 601, a second heat treatment element 602, a plurality of sets of cooling units 603, and a heat treatment pulse power supply 604. The first heat treatment element 601 and the second heat treatment element 602 are arranged in a height difference manner in the vertical direction in a plane, the second heat treatment element 602 is arranged on the frame in a sliding manner, a plurality of groups of cooling units 603 are arranged at the first end of the second heat treatment element 602, and electrodes of the heat treatment pulse power supply 604 are respectively communicated with the first heat treatment element 601 and the second heat treatment element 602 to form a heat treatment current loop.
The composite coated metal wire formed through front end treatment enters an electro-plastic drawing unit 5, the composite coated metal wire closely contacts a first drawing element 501 and a second drawing element 502, horizontally passes through drawing channels 5040 on a plurality of groups of drawing dies 504, performs electro-plastic drawing on the composite coated metal wire by the plurality of groups of drawing dies 504 under the action of a drawing current loop, enters a heat treatment unit 6, performs heat treatment on the composite coated metal wire under the action of the heat treatment current loop, further realizes high-strength metallurgical bonding among all layers of metal in the composite coated metal wire, and rapidly cools the composite coated metal wire through a plurality of groups of cooling units 603 to form a finished product composite coated metal wire.
In a preferred manner, when the heat treatment unit 6 performs heat treatment on the composite coated metal wire, by changing the length and the wire drawing speed of the composite coated metal wire between the first heat treatment element 601 and the second heat treatment element 602, the heat treatment time of the composite coated metal wire can be changed, and then the heat treatment temperature of the composite coated metal wire can be changed, and the target heat treatment temperature expression of the composite coated metal wire is:
;
Wherein T represents a target heat treatment temperature of the composite coated wire, I p represents a pulse amplitude outputted by a heat treatment pulse power supply, r represents a resistivity of the composite coated wire, T p represents a pulse width, r m represents a density of metal, d represents a diameter of the composite coated wire, c represents a specific heat capacity of the composite coated wire, L represents a length of the composite coated wire between the first heat treatment element and the second heat treatment element, v represents a drawing speed, and T 0 represents an initial temperature of the composite coated wire.
In a preferred manner, the negative electrode of the heat treatment pulse power supply 604 is connected with the first heat treatment element 601, the positive electrode is connected with the second heat treatment element 602, and the current enters the second heat treatment element 602 from the positive electrode of the heat treatment pulse power supply 604, flows through the composite coated metal wire, and flows back to the heat treatment pulse power supply 604 through the first heat treatment element 601.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a multilayered heterogeneous metal clad material, as shown in fig. 11, comprising the steps of:
s1, a preparation stage, which is to determine parameters and data of coating materials to be prepared, wherein the parameters and data comprise metal materials of all layers, initial diameters and target diameters, the parameters and data of the coating materials to be prepared are used for determining starting and stopping of all manufacturing units, the starting and stopping of an uncoiling unit 1, the starting and stopping of a powder feeding unit 3, the selection of a flat roller 401 and a drawing die 504 and the determination of the number of groups, the length L of a metal wire between a second heat treatment element 602 and a first heat treatment element 601 of a heat treatment unit 6, the determination of pulse power parameters, current density, voltage, pulse frequency and duty ratio, the determination of the number of groups of a cooling unit 603, and then a coating metal belt 1021 and a core metal wire 1011 are wound on a wire collecting unit 7 through all the manufacturing units.
S2, a cladding stage, namely opening the uncoiling unit 1, the guiding preforming unit 2, the powder feeding unit 3 and the cladding forming unit 4, and performing forming rolling and welding work on the clad metal material under the combined action of the uncoiling unit 1, the guiding preforming unit 2, the powder feeding unit 3 and the cladding forming unit 4.
And S3, in the drawing stage, a drawing pulse power supply 505 is electrified, the composite coated metal wire sequentially passes through a first drawing element 501, a guide wheel 503, a plurality of groups of drawing dies 504 and a second drawing element 502 under the action of the drawing pulse power supply 505 and a wire collecting unit 7, the composite coated metal wire is subjected to electro-plastic drawing under the action of a drawing current loop, the pulse current can improve the plasticity of the metal wire, reduce the drawing force required by the metal wire, and the electro-plastic reducing drawing of the metal wire is completed.
And S4, in the heat treatment stage, a heat treatment pulse power supply 604 is electrified, the composite coated metal wire sequentially passes through a first heat treatment element 601, a second heat treatment element 602 and a plurality of groups of cooling units 603 under the action of the heat treatment pulse power supply 604 and a wire collecting unit 7, the composite coated metal wire is subjected to heat treatment under the action of a heat treatment current loop, the composite coated metal wire is rapidly cooled through the plurality of groups of cooling units 603, and the metal wire is subjected to online electric pulse heat treatment by pulse current, so that high-strength metallurgical bonding and rapid cooling among all layers of metal are realized.
S5, in the continuous stable forming stage, the finished composite coated metal wire is uniformly wound on the wire collecting unit 7, and a drawing force is generated under the action of the wire collecting unit 7 to realize continuous stable production of the composite coated metal wire.
In a preferred manner, in step S2, when the first unwinding unit 101, the second unwinding unit 102 and the powder feeding unit 3 are opened and coact with the guiding preforming unit 2, the overmolding unit 4, the electro-plastic drawing unit 5, the heat treatment unit 6 and the wire receiving unit 7, a composite clad wire can be produced in which the clad metal strip clad the core wire and the metal powder.
When the first uncoiling unit 101 is closed, the second uncoiling unit 102 and the powder feeding unit 3 are opened, and the composite coated metal wire of which the coated metal belt is coated with metal powder can be manufactured by coacting with the guiding preforming unit 2, the coating forming unit 4, the electro-plastic drawing unit 5, the heat treatment unit 6 and the wire collecting unit 7.
When the powder feeding unit 3 is closed, the first unwinding unit 101 and the second unwinding unit 102 are opened, and the combined coated wire of the coated metal belt coated core wire can be manufactured by coacting with the guiding preforming unit 2, the coating forming unit 4, the electro-plastic drawing unit 5, the heat treatment unit 6 and the wire collecting unit 7.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation device of the multilayer heterogeneous metal cladding material is characterized by comprising an electro-plastic drawing unit and a heat treatment unit;
The electro-plastic drawing unit comprises a first drawing element, a second drawing element, a guide wheel, a plurality of groups of drawing dies and a drawing pulse power supply, wherein the first drawing element and the plurality of groups of drawing dies are arranged in a height difference manner in the vertical direction in a plane, the lower edge of the guide wheel, the central axis of the plurality of groups of drawing dies and the lower edge of the second drawing element are arranged on the same horizontal line, the guide wheel and the drawing dies are arranged between the first drawing element and the second drawing element, a drawing channel penetrating the drawing dies and in a stepped manner is arranged at the center of the drawing dies along the central axis direction, and electrodes of the drawing pulse power supply are respectively communicated with the first drawing element and the second drawing element to form a drawing current loop;
The heat treatment unit comprises a first heat treatment element, a second heat treatment element, a plurality of groups of cooling units and a heat treatment pulse power supply, wherein the first heat treatment element and the second heat treatment element are arranged in a height difference manner in the vertical direction in a plane, the second heat treatment element is arranged on the frame in a sliding manner, the plurality of groups of cooling units are arranged at the first end of the second heat treatment element, and electrodes of the heat treatment pulse power supply are respectively communicated with the first heat treatment element and the second heat treatment element to form a heat treatment current loop;
When the heat treatment unit carries out heat treatment on the composite coated metal wire, the length and the wire drawing speed of the composite coated metal wire between the first heat treatment element and the second heat treatment element are changed, the heat treatment time of the composite coated metal wire is changed, then the heat treatment temperature of the composite coated metal wire is changed, and the target heat treatment temperature expression of the composite coated metal wire is as follows:
;
Wherein T represents a target heat treatment temperature of the composite coated wire, I p represents a pulse amplitude outputted by a heat treatment pulse power supply, r represents a resistivity of the composite coated wire, T p represents a pulse width, r m represents a density of metal, d represents a diameter of the composite coated wire, c represents a specific heat capacity of the composite coated wire, L represents a length of the composite coated wire between the first heat treatment element and the second heat treatment element, v represents a drawing speed, and T 0 represents an initial temperature of the composite coated wire.
2. The device for preparing the multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material according to claim 1, wherein an uncoiling unit, a guiding preforming unit, a powder feeding unit and a coating forming unit are arranged on a frame at the first end of the electro-plastic drawing unit, the uncoiling unit, the guiding preforming unit, the powder feeding unit and the coating forming unit are sequentially arranged from left to right, the uncoiling unit is provided with a first uncoiling unit and a second uncoiling unit, the guiding preforming unit is provided with an upper roller and a lower roller, the coating forming unit is provided with a plurality of groups of flat rollers and a laser welding unit, and the frame at the first end of the heat treatment unit is provided with a wire collecting unit.
3. The apparatus for producing a multi-layered heterogeneous metal clad material according to claim 2, wherein the first unwinding unit uniformly feeds the core metal wire into the guide preforming unit, the second unwinding unit uniformly feeds the clad metal wire into the guide preforming unit, the upper roll and the lower roll in the guide preforming unit roll the clad metal wire into a U-shape while accommodating the core metal wire in the clad metal wire, the powder feeding unit uniformly adds metal powder into the clad metal wire which is pre-roll-formed, the clad metal wire enters the clad forming unit, the clad metal wire finishes cladding of the core metal wire and the metal powder after the clad metal wire is rolled by the plurality of sets of flat rolls, and the laser welding unit welds the open edges of the clad metal wire to finish cladding of the clad metal wire to the core metal wire and the metal powder, and the clad metal wire, the core metal wire and the metal powder together form a composite clad metal wire.
4. The device for preparing the multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material according to claim 1, wherein the number of the drawing dies is 2-5 groups, and the drawing channels on each group of the drawing dies comprise a wire inlet area, a reducing area and a wire outlet area, and the composite coating metal wire sequentially passes through the wire inlet area, the reducing area and the wire outlet area under the action of a drawing pulse power supply and a drawing force to finish the electro-plastic drawing reducing of the composite coating metal wire.
5. The device for preparing the multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material according to claim 4, wherein the wire feeding region comprises a guide section and a first holding section, the guide section is arranged at the first end of the wire feeding region, the middle section of the guide section is trapezoid-shaped, the angle of a guide angle at the guide section is 10-15 degrees, the length of the guide section is 3-5 mm, the first holding section is arranged at the second end of the wire feeding region, the length of the first holding section is 3-5 mm, and the length of the wire feeding region is equal to the sum of the length of the guide section and the length of the first holding section.
6. The device for preparing the multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material according to claim 5, wherein the reducing area is of a stepped structure and comprises 3-5 reducing sections, the length of the reducing area is equal to the sum of the lengths of the reducing sections, each reducing section consists of a gradual change part and a holding part, the middle section of each gradual change part is of a trapezoid shape, the gradual change angle at each gradual change part is 30-60 degrees, and the length of the gradual change part is 3-5 mm;
the diameter d i of the i-th reduced diameter section holding portion is:
;
Wherein d represents the diameter of the composite coated wire, d 0 represents the target diameter of the composite coated wire, N represents the number of reduced diameter segments, and i represents the i-th reduced diameter segment;
the length L i of the i-th reduced diameter section holding portion is:
。
7. The device for preparing the multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material according to claim 6, wherein the wire outlet region comprises a second holding section and a gradual change section, the second holding section is arranged at the first end of the wire outlet region, the second holding section is 3mm-5mm in length, the gradual change section is arranged at the second end of the wire outlet region, the middle section of the gradual change section is trapezoid-shaped, the gradual change angle at the gradual change section is 10-15 degrees, the length of the gradual change section is 3mm-5mm, and the length of the wire outlet region is equal to the sum of the length of the second holding section and the length of the gradual change section.
8. The device for preparing the multi-layer heterogeneous metal coated material according to claim 1, wherein when the composite coated metal wire enters the electro-plastic drawing unit, the composite coated metal wire is connected with the first drawing element and the second drawing element and horizontally passes through the drawing channels on the plurality of groups of drawing dies, the plurality of groups of drawing dies perform electro-plastic drawing on the composite coated metal wire under the action of a drawing current loop, the drawn composite coated metal wire enters the heat treatment unit, the heat treatment is performed on the composite coated metal wire under the action of the heat treatment current loop, and then high-strength metallurgical bonding among all layers of metal in the composite coated metal wire is realized, and the composite coated metal wire is rapidly cooled through the plurality of groups of cooling units, so that the finished composite coated metal wire is formed.
9. A method for preparing a multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material, which is realized based on the device for preparing the multilayer heterogeneous metal coating material according to claim 2, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining parameters and data of a coating material to be prepared;
S2, in the cladding stage, an uncoiling unit, a guiding preforming unit, a powder feeding unit and a cladding forming unit are started, and under the combined action of the uncoiling unit, the guiding preforming unit, the powder feeding unit and the cladding forming unit, the cladding metal material is subjected to forming rolling and welding;
S3, in the drawing stage, a drawing pulse power supply is electrified, the composite coated metal wire sequentially passes through a first drawing element, a guide wheel, a plurality of groups of drawing dies and a second drawing element under the action of the drawing pulse power supply and a wire collecting unit, and the composite coated metal wire is subjected to electro-plastic drawing under the action of a drawing current loop;
S4, in the heat treatment stage, a heat treatment pulse power supply is electrified, the composite coated metal wire sequentially passes through a first heat treatment element, a second heat treatment element and a plurality of groups of cooling units under the action of the heat treatment pulse power supply and a wire collecting unit, the composite coated metal wire is subjected to heat treatment under the action of a heat treatment current loop, and the composite coated metal wire is rapidly cooled by the plurality of groups of cooling units;
S5, in the continuous stable forming stage, the finished composite coated metal wire is uniformly wound on a wire collecting unit, and a drawing force is generated under the action of the wire collecting unit to realize continuous stable production of the composite coated metal wire.
10. The method of manufacturing a multi-layered heterogeneous metal clad material according to claim 9, wherein in step S2, when the first unwinding unit, the second unwinding unit and the powder feeding unit are opened and coact with the guiding preforming unit, the cladding molding unit, the electro-plastic drawing unit, the heat treatment unit and the wire collecting unit, a clad metal strip clad core metal wire and a composite clad metal wire of metal powder can be manufactured;
When the first uncoiling unit is closed, the second uncoiling unit and the powder feeding unit are opened and coact with the guiding preforming unit, the cladding forming unit, the electro-plastic drawing unit, the heat treatment unit and the wire collecting unit, the composite cladding metal wire of cladding metal belt cladding metal powder can be manufactured;
When the powder feeding unit is closed, the first uncoiling unit and the second uncoiling unit are opened, and the powder feeding unit and the guiding preforming unit, the cladding forming unit, the electro-plastic drawing unit, the heat treatment unit and the wire collecting unit are combined to form the composite cladding metal wire with the cladding metal belt cladding the core metal wire.
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| CN119657672A (en) * | 2024-12-16 | 2025-03-21 | 中国机械总院集团郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Manufacturing method and device of double-layer metal composite wire |
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| CN119657672A (en) * | 2024-12-16 | 2025-03-21 | 中国机械总院集团郑州机械研究所有限公司 | Manufacturing method and device of double-layer metal composite wire |
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