CN120777918A - Novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on blade type phase change composite material - Google Patents
Novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on blade type phase change composite materialInfo
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- CN120777918A CN120777918A CN202511055156.4A CN202511055156A CN120777918A CN 120777918 A CN120777918 A CN 120777918A CN 202511055156 A CN202511055156 A CN 202511055156A CN 120777918 A CN120777918 A CN 120777918A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel quick-response plate heat exchanger based on a blade type phase-change composite material, which aims at the problems of huge volume, overlarge weight, slow response speed and low efficiency of a refrigeration system of the existing high-power equipment. Compared with the traditional heat exchanger system, the novel quick-response plate heat exchanger prepared by the invention has the advantages of weight reduction of more than 91 percent and quick response time, and can be popularized and applied on any high-power equipment as an independent integral heat exchange system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal management, in particular to a novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on a blade type phase change composite material.
Background
With the multifunctionality and high integration of power devices, the heat productivity of electronic devices increases exponentially, and heat dissipation systems become larger. Especially for high power equipment operating intermittently, the amount of heat generated during operation is extremely large, but the operation is periodic. The traditional liquid cooling heat exchanger achieves the purpose of heat dissipation by utilizing a compressor and a natural convection mode, and the refrigerating capacity requirement of a compression refrigerating unit is greatly increased along with the increase of the heat dissipation requirement during working, so that the total amount of the whole refrigerating unit and cooling liquid is greatly increased, and the whole equipment is burdened by high weight. According to the invention, the traditional heat exchanger is combined with the high-heat-conductivity quick-response graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material, the characteristics of phase-change heat absorption of the phase-change material are utilized, the temperature of cooling liquid of the heat exchanger is reduced when the equipment works, and the non-working gap is reduced, the temperature is reduced to be below the phase-change point of the phase-change material, and the phase-change heat absorption occurs again in the next working period, so that the power and the volume of the cooling liquid of the refrigerating unit can be greatly reduced due to the heat storage effect of the phase-change material. Therefore, the novel plate heat exchanger obtained by combining the phase change energy storage material and the traditional heat exchanger is a revolutionary development for solving the heat dissipation problem of the intermittent working high-power device.
Most intermittently operated power devices operate at 50-80 ℃, so that high stability organic phase change materials are the first choice for preparing novel heat exchangers, but organic phase change materials (such as paraffin waxes) have low thermal conductivity (lower than 1W/m.K), and slow temperature conduction results in slow phase change speed. Therefore, the high-heat-conductivity quick-response phase-change energy storage material is also a key for obtaining the novel efficient plate heat exchanger.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of huge volume, overlarge mass and low heat exchange efficiency of the traditional heat exchanger, the invention provides a novel quick response plate type heat exchanger based on a blade type phase change composite material.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on a blade type phase change composite material is characterized by comprising a plate heat exchanger and the blade type phase change composite material, wherein the plate heat exchanger comprises a plurality of flat plate type flow passage plates which are arranged in parallel, one end of each flat plate type flow passage plate is connected with a water inlet water tank, the other end of each flat plate type flow passage plate is connected with a water outlet water tank, and the connection mode can be mechanical connection or welding. The cooling liquid outlet is connected with the radiator, the cooling liquid inlet is arranged on the water inlet tank, the cooling liquid outlet is arranged on the water outlet tank, the flat-plate type flow channel plates are welded on the bottom plate in parallel, a supporting structure is arranged at intervals between the middle parts of the adjacent flat-plate type flow channel plates to form flow channel intervals, the blade type phase-change composite material is obtained by compounding carbon-based material foam or metal foam with phase-change material, the blade type phase-change composite material is inserted into the flow channel intervals of the heat exchanger like a blade battery, the blade type phase-change composite material is tightly contacted with the flow channel plate walls of the flow channel intervals, the surfaces of the flow channel plate walls contacted with the blade type phase-change composite material are adhered with high-rebound resilience thermal interface materials or smeared with pasty thermal interface materials to reduce interface thermal resistance, and the cooling liquid outlet is connected with the radiator. The water inlet tank and the water outlet tank are referred to as water tanks, but they may be substantially containers and may contain a cooling medium, and the type of the cooling medium is not limited to water, and may be water, ethylene glycol, an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, an aqueous solution of propylene glycol, mineral oil, synthetic oil, or any other cooling liquid. The phase change material can be selected from, but not limited to, organic phase change material, metal phase change material, etc., as long as the phase change material has good phase change energy storage performance.
Further, the flow channels in the flat plate type flow channel plate are in harmonica-shaped, rectangular or any other shape.
Further, the heat conduction direction of the blade type phase change composite material with higher heat conduction coefficient is perpendicular to the wall of the flow passage plate.
Further, the support structure is a plate, and an I-shaped support can be preferred. The wall thickness of the flow channels in the flat flow field plates may preferably be 0.5-2.0mm. The material of the flat plate type runner can be steel, copper and alloy thereof, aluminum and alloy thereof, and the like, and aluminum or aluminum alloy can be preferred from the aspects of light weight and cost.
Further, the carbon-based material foam may be selected from graphene foam, carbon foam, graphite foam, carbon nanotube foam, etc., preferably graphene foam, etc., and the metal foam may be selected from aluminum foam, aluminum alloy foam, copper alloy foam, nickel alloy foam, etc.
Further, the kind of the heat sink is not particularly limited, and for example, a fin heat sink and any other type of heat sink may be selected. The radiator can also be replaced by other refrigeration equipment, such as a compressor preparation chiller. Further, the radiator can be used in combination with other refrigeration equipment, connected with a fan or other refrigeration equipment. The refrigeration equipment can select any refrigeration mode such as a compressor and the like.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate the temperature of the phase change material to be reduced below the phase change temperature of the phase change material when the power device does not work, a semiconductor refrigeration sheet can be arranged in the plate heat exchanger and is arranged on the water outlet water tank or the heat exchanger. The semiconductor refrigerating sheet is selectively arranged according to the phase change temperature characteristic of the phase change material, and is not necessarily arranged. For example, in the case of a phase change material with a high phase change temperature or a low cooling requirement, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet may not be provided.
Further, preferably, the blade type graphene-based phase change composite material is obtained by compositing graphene foam and a phase change material, and the blade type graphene-based phase change composite material used for the novel heat exchanger has a high-orientation graphene foam and phase change material composite structure, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a graphene/ice crystal mixture, namely, layer-by-layer assembling based on a low-temperature 3D printing technology, wherein the preparation environment temperature is-40 ℃ to-10 ℃, and cooling the layer-by-layer assembled graphene/ice crystal mixture from the upper part through liquid nitrogen, so that the graphene sheets realize high orientation due to the shearing action of an extrusion head in the assembling process;
(2) Removing ice crystals by freeze drying to obtain graphene foam;
(3) Degreasing graphene foam, namely removing a high-molecular dispersing agent, wherein the degreasing temperature is more than or equal to 350 ℃;
(4) Secondary orientation and density regulation of graphene foam, namely secondarily pressing the degreased graphene foam through a pressure device to obtain graphene foam with different densities and different porosities, wherein the secondary orientation of graphene nano sheets is promoted in the process, the pore diameter of the final graphene foam is between 100 nanometers and 10 micrometers, and the porosity is adjustable between 70% and 95%;
(5) Graphene foam graphitization treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is 2500-3200 ℃ and the treatment time is 0.5-5h;
(6) The graphene foam and the phase-change material are compounded, namely the graphene foam and the phase-change material are compounded through a perfusion device, the temperature is increased to be higher than the phase-change point of the phase-change material, the graphene foam is put in, the high-efficiency compounding of the graphene foam and the phase-change material is realized through a mode of combining vacuum negative pressure and positive pressure introduced by means of protective gas, the vacuum negative pressure and the positive pressure are alternately carried out, and the cycle is carried out for 1-10 times until the compounding rate reaches 100%. The shielding gas may be selected from nitrogen, argon, helium or other inert gases. The perfusion apparatus preferably employs a high temperature perfusion apparatus that can withstand higher operating temperatures.
Further, the graphene layer in the step (1) is oriented in a high orientation mode by adopting at least one of an ice template method, a magnetic field induced orientation and a pressure induced orientation.
The application also provides a preparation method of the novel plate heat exchanger, which comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) The plate heat exchanger structure is designed, namely, a specific structure of the plate heat exchanger is designed according to the use requirement, wherein the specific structure comprises a heat storage capacity design, a cooling liquid flow capacity design, a cooling liquid temperature design, a flat plate type runner plate design, a supporting structure interval design and the like, so as to obtain the plate heat exchanger structure meeting the use requirement;
(2) According to the electric appliance and control design of the plate heat exchanger, a control system and an electric system of the plate heat exchanger are designed according to the working structure requirements of practical application, and the adjustment and control of the flow, the pressure and the temperature of the heat exchanger can be realized. (3) The plate heat exchanger is processed, namely, according to a design structure, a main material of the plate heat exchanger is selected, for example, aluminum alloy is selected as the main material of the plate heat exchanger, and the processing and forming of the plate heat exchanger and the polishing treatment of the wall surface of a flow passage after processing are finished through a 3D printing technology, a mechanical processing or welding process and the like;
(4) And preparing the blade type phase change composite material, namely compounding carbon-based material foam or metal foam with the phase change material to obtain the blade type phase change composite material. For example, the preparation of the blade graphene-based phase-change composite material can be performed according to the preparation method.
(5) And (3) processing and assembling, namely processing the blade type phase change composite material according to the structure of the plate heat exchanger, and assembling the blade type phase change composite material into the flow channel interval of the plate heat exchanger, wherein the surface of the flow channel plate wall is bonded with a high-rebound resilience thermal interface material or smeared with a pasty thermal interface material to reduce the interface thermal resistance. When the assembly is preferred, the graphene orientation direction is perpendicular to the flow channel plate wall, and an interference assembly mode can be adopted. Thermal silicone grease, thermal silica gel, thermal gel, etc. may be preferred for the thermal interface material.
(6) And (3) after the phase change composite material is assembled, welding the upper cover plate, wherein the welding points comprise a circle of the cover plate and local welding points, as shown in figure 3, the local welding points are the upper surfaces of the cooling liquid flow channel plates, 2-5 welding points can be welded on the upper surfaces of each flat plate flow channel plate, and in order to prevent the phase change energy storage material from gasifying in the welding process and affecting the welding effect, the whole temperature of cold water flowing into the heat exchanger in the welding process is reduced, and the temperature of a cold water inlet is 10-40 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that firstly, the volume and the weight of the refrigerating unit are greatly reduced, the consumption of cooling water and the power of the refrigerating unit can be reduced due to the phase change heat absorption effect of the phase change material, and under the same efficiency, the weight of the novel plate heat exchanger is reduced by more than 90 percent compared with that of the original refrigerating unit. 2. The preparation method has the advantages that the high-orientation graphene foam is obtained by controlling the arrangement direction of the foam material, for example, when the graphene foam is adopted, the arrangement direction of the graphene is controlled, the thermal conductivity reaches more than 150W/m.K, the size of ice crystals in the preparation process is controlled by controlling the temperature, meanwhile, the pore size is controlled by controlling the secondary density regulation and control, so that the graphene foam has submicron pore size, the small pore size reduces the transmission path of heat transmitted from a heat conducting framework to the phase-change material, the quick response of the graphene-based phase-change energy-storage composite material is realized, and the quick response phase-change energy-storage composite material is introduced, so that the whole novel heat exchanger has the characteristic of quick response speed, and the response speed is 2/3 faster than that of the phase-change energy-storage composite material. 3. The novel plate heat exchanger prepared by the invention can be applied to any other large-scale equipment working intermittently, and is applicable to the scenes of roadbeds, air bases, spaceborne and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plate heat exchanger (without blade phase change composite installed);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a novel fast response plate heat exchanger based on a blade graphene-based phase change composite;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a typical heat exchanger upper plate weld;
FIG. 4 is a macroscopic photograph of the interior of a plate heat exchanger of the embodiment;
the annotation in the figure shows that the device comprises a 1-water inlet tank, a 2-air outlet, a 3-cooling liquid inlet, a 4-I-shaped support, a 5-cooling liquid outlet, a 6-water outlet tank, a 7-semiconductor refrigerating sheet, an 8-radiator, a 9-harmonica-shaped flat runner plate, a 10-upper cover plate, a 11-blade graphene-based phase-change composite material, a 12-graphene nano sheet and 13-welding points.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples of the specification, and it is apparent that the described examples are only some examples of the present disclosure, and not all the technical solutions in the present disclosure are implemented. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on a blade type phase change composite material is characterized by comprising a plate heat exchanger and the blade type phase change composite material, wherein the typical structure of the heat exchanger is shown in figure 1, the plate heat exchanger comprises a plurality of plate type flow passage plates which are arranged in parallel, the plate type flow passage plates adopt harmonica-shaped plate type flow passage plates 9, one ends of the harmonica-shaped plate type flow passage plates 9 are connected with a water inlet water tank 1, and the other ends of the harmonica-shaped plate type flow passage plates 9 are connected with a water outlet water tank 6, wherein the connection mode can be mechanical connection or welding. The water inlet tank 2 is provided with a cooling liquid inlet 3, the water outlet tank 2 is provided with a cooling liquid outlet 5, flat-plate type runner plates are welded on a bottom plate in parallel, I-shaped supports 4 are arranged between every two adjacent flat-plate type runner plates at certain intervals to form runner intervals, and in the embodiment, the blade type phase-change composite material is selected from blade type graphene-based phase-change composite materials, and the blade type phase-change composite material is obtained by compounding graphene phase-change composite materials. As shown in fig. 2, the blade-type graphene-based phase-change composite material 11 is inserted into a runner space of the heat exchanger like a blade battery, the blade-type graphene-based phase-change composite material 11 is closely contacted with runner plate walls of the runner space, a high-rebound resilience thermal interface material is adhered to the contact surface of the runner plate walls and the blade-type quick-response phase-change composite material or a pasty thermal interface material is coated on the contact surface of the runner plate walls to reduce the interface thermal resistance, and a cooling liquid outlet is connected with the heat radiator 8. Preferably, in the embodiment, the novel quick response plate type heat exchanger based on the blade phase change composite material is provided with an upper cover plate 10 positioned on the side surface, the upper end of a water inlet water tank 1 is provided with an exhaust port 2, and a radiator 8 or a water outlet water tank is also connected with a semiconductor refrigerating sheet 7. In addition, the radiator 8 is also connected with a refrigerating device such as a fan or a compressor according to the working requirement.
Although graphene foam is used as the matrix of the blade-type phase change composite material in this embodiment, alternatively, carbon foam, graphite foam, carbon nanotube foam, etc. may be selected, and metal foam, such as aluminum foam, aluminum alloy foam, copper alloy foam, nickel alloy foam, etc. may be selected instead, which can also achieve the effects of improving heat exchange efficiency and reducing the volume, weight of the heat exchanger applaud. However, from the viewpoints of further weight reduction and improvement of heat exchange efficiency, a carbon-based foam matrix typified by graphene foam is preferably selected.
The preparation method of the novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on the blade type graphene-based phase change composite material is illustrated by taking equipment working in a certain period as an example. The specific process is as follows:
(1) The plate heat exchanger is structurally designed, heating power of the device is 4000W, working time is 10 minutes, ambient temperature is 60 ℃, and working gap is 1h according to use requirements. According to the parameters, the heat storage capacity of the plate heat exchanger is 2500kJ, the fluid flow is 20L/min, the width of a single harmonica-shaped flat plate flow channel plate is 100mm, the thickness of the single harmonica-shaped flat plate flow channel plate is 2mm, 12 rectangular flow channels are arranged in the single harmonica-shaped flat plate flow channel plate side by side, the size of each flow channel is 8 multiplied by 1mm, the wall thickness of each flow channel is 0.5mm, the distance between two adjacent harmonica-shaped flat plate flow channel plates is 80mm, the distance between two adjacent support structures is 120mm, the support structures are I-shaped support, the selected graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is graphene foam porosity and has a phase-change point of the phase-change material of 62-65 ℃, the cooling liquid is an ethylene glycol aqueous solution, and the heat dissipation power of the radiator is not less than 700W;
(2) According to the practical application of the working structure requirements, the control system and the electric system of the plate heat exchanger are designed, so that the temperature, the flow and the pressure of different positions of the heat exchanger, the radiator and the cooling liquid can be monitored, the start and the stop of the radiator and the circulating pump are controlled, and an alarm can be given to an upper system;
(3) According to the design structure, aluminum alloy is generally selected as a main material of the plate heat exchanger, the plate heat exchanger is processed and molded through a metal 3D printing process, and the wall surface of a flow passage is polished after processing, (4) the graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is prepared according to the following steps:
a) Preparing a graphene/ice crystal mixture based on low-temperature 3D printing technology, wherein the preparation environment temperature is-40 ℃, and cooling the graphene/ice crystal mixture 9 assembled layer by layer through liquid nitrogen from above, so that high orientation of graphene sheets is realized due to the shearing action of an extrusion head in the assembly process;
b) Freeze-drying the graphene/ice crystal mixture for 5 days to remove the ice crystals and obtain graphene foam, wherein the graphene foam can be heated preferably by a radiation heating mode;
c) Degreasing graphene foam, namely degreasing for 2 hours at 700 ℃ in a degreasing furnace, and removing a high molecular dispersing agent;
d) The secondary orientation and density regulation of the graphene foam, namely placing the degreased graphene foam into a pressing mould, and performing secondary pressing through a pressing machine to obtain the graphene foam with the porosity of 70% and the density of 0.63g/cm 3, wherein the secondary orientation of the graphene nano-sheet 12 is promoted in the process, the aperture is about 400nm, and the orientation degree is 0.7;
e) Graphene foam graphitization treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is 3200 ℃ and the treatment time is 0.5h;
f) Compounding graphene foam and phase-change material, namely compounding the graphene foam and the phase-change material by utilizing a high-temperature pouring device, raising the temperature to 80 ℃, melting all paraffin phase-change materials, placing the paraffin phase-change material into the graphene foam, vacuumizing for 1.5h, then introducing nitrogen and positive pressure for 1.5h, alternately carrying out vacuum negative pressure and positive pressure, and circulating for 1-10 times until the compounding rate reaches 100%, wherein the thermal conductivity of the phase-change material reaches 150W/m.K after compounding;
(5) The graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is processed according to the structure of the plate heat exchanger and assembled in a runner gap of the plate heat exchanger, wherein the heat conduction silicone grease is coated on the wall surface of the runner plate to reduce interface thermal resistance, the heat conduction silicone grease has heat conductivity of 18W/m.K, and when the graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is assembled, the graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is perpendicular to the wall of the runner plate (shown in figure 2) in an interference assembly mode, so that the interface thermal resistance is further reduced.
(6) And (3) after the phase change composite material is assembled, welding the upper cover plate 10 by cold welding, wherein the welding points 13 on the surface of the plate heat exchanger comprise a circle of the cover plate and partial welding points, as shown in figure 3, the partial welding points are the upper surfaces of the flat plate type flow channel plates, and the upper surfaces of the flat plate type flow channel plates are 2 welding points, so as to prevent the phase change energy storage material from gasifying in the welding process and affecting the welding effect, the whole temperature of cold water flowing into the heat exchanger is reduced in the welding process, and the temperature of a cold water inlet is 10 ℃.
The internal structure of the plate heat exchanger in this embodiment is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the phase change material has a flat surface and is tightly combined with the plate heat exchanger.
The total weight of the novel efficient plate heat exchanger and the refrigerating system prepared by the embodiment is 49kg, and the refrigerating system without using the phase change material needs 600kg, and the weight reduction reaches 91%. The whole system uses glycol aqueous solution as coolant to perform heat exchange test, uses a heating plate to provide 4000W power output, and measures the temperature of a water inlet and a water outlet to determine heat exchange efficiency. Through testing, after heating for 10 minutes, the whole test temperature is lower than the water outlet temperature by 65 ℃ and is consistent with the design value. No overheating phenomenon and overall response time of 6 minutes.
Example two
The novel rapid response plate heat exchanger structure based on the blade type phase change composite material in the embodiment is substantially the same as that in embodiment 1.
The preparation method of the novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on the blade type graphene-based phase change composite material is illustrated by taking equipment working in a certain period as an example. The specific process is as follows:
(1) The plate heat exchanger is structurally designed, heating power of the device is 4000W, working time is 10 minutes, ambient temperature is 60 ℃, and working gap is 1h according to use requirements. According to the parameters, the heat storage capacity of the plate heat exchanger is 2500kJ, the fluid flow is 20L/min, the width of a single harmonica-shaped flat plate flow channel plate is 100mm, the thickness of the single harmonica-shaped flat plate flow channel plate is 2mm, 12 rectangular flow channels are arranged in the single harmonica-shaped flat plate flow channel plate side by side, the size of each flow channel is 8 multiplied by 1mm, the wall thickness of each flow channel is 0.5mm, the distance between two adjacent harmonica-shaped flat plate flow channel plates is 80mm, the distance between two adjacent support structures is 120mm between the two adjacent harmonica-shaped flat plate flow channel plates, the support structures are I-shaped, the selected graphene-based phase-change energy-storage composite material is graphene foam with the porosity of 95%, the phase-change point of the phase-change material is 62-65 ℃, the cooling liquid is glycol water solution, and the heat dissipation power of the fin type radiator is not less than 700W;
(2) According to the electric appliance and control design of the plate heat exchanger, the control system and the electric system of the plate heat exchanger are designed according to the working structure requirements of practical application, and the monitoring of the temperature, the flow and the pressure of different positions of the heat exchanger, the radiator and the cooling liquid can be realized, so that the start and the stop of the radiator and the circulating pump are controlled, and the alarm can be given to an upper system.
(3) According to the design structure, aluminum alloy is selected as a main material of the plate heat exchanger, and the plate heat exchanger is machined and molded through a welding process, and the wall surface of a flow passage is polished after machining;
(4) The graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is prepared according to the following steps:
a) Preparing graphene/ice crystal mixture, namely, preparing the graphene/ice crystal mixture at an environment temperature of-10 ℃ based on low-temperature 3D printing technology, cooling the graphene/ice crystal mixture assembled layer by layer from above through liquid nitrogen, and realizing high orientation of graphene sheets due to the shearing action of an extrusion head in the assembling process;
b) Freeze-drying the graphene/ice crystal mixture for 4 days in a radiation heating mode to remove the ice crystal, so as to obtain graphene foam;
c) Degreasing graphene foam, namely degreasing for 5 hours at 350 ℃ in a degreasing furnace, and removing a high molecular dispersing agent;
d) The secondary orientation and density regulation of the graphene foam, namely placing the degreased graphene foam into a pressing mould, and performing secondary pressing through a pressing machine to obtain the graphene foam with the porosity of 95% and the density of 0.1g/cm 3, wherein the secondary orientation of the graphene nano-sheet 12 is promoted in the process, the aperture is about 5 mu m, and the orientation degree is 0.5;
e) Graphene foam graphitization treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is 2800 ℃ and the treatment time is 4 hours;
f) Compounding graphene foam and phase-change material, namely compounding the graphene foam and the phase-change material by utilizing a high-temperature pouring device, raising the temperature to 80 ℃, melting all paraffin phase-change materials, placing the paraffin phase-change material into the graphene foam, vacuumizing for 1.5h, then introducing nitrogen and positive pressure for 1.5h, alternately carrying out vacuum negative pressure and positive pressure, and circulating for 1-10 times until the compounding rate reaches 100%, wherein the thermal conductivity of the phase-change material reaches 10W/m.K after compounding;
(5) The graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is processed according to the structure of the plate heat exchanger and assembled into the flow channel interval of the plate heat exchanger, wherein a graphene flexible heat conduction pad is used as a thermal interface material on the wall surface of the flow channel plate, the heat conductivity is 12W/m.K, and when the graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is assembled, the graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is perpendicular to the wall of the flow channel plate in the orientation direction (shown in figure 2), and the interface thermal resistance is further reduced by adopting an interference assembly mode.
(6) And (3) welding an upper cover plate, namely after the phase-change composite material is assembled, welding the upper cover plate in a cold welding mode, wherein the welding points 13 on the surface of the plate heat exchanger comprise a circle of the cover plate and partial welding points, as shown in figure 3, the partial welding points are the upper surfaces of the flat plate type flow channel plates, and each flat plate type flow channel plate has 5 welding points on the upper surface. In order to prevent the phase change energy storage material from gasifying in the welding process and affecting the welding effect, cold water is introduced into the heat exchanger in the welding process to reduce the overall temperature, and the temperature of a cold water inlet is 40 ℃.
The total weight of the novel efficient plate heat exchanger and the refrigerating system prepared by the embodiment is 48kg, 600kg of the refrigerating system without using the phase change material is needed, and the weight reduction reaches 92%. The whole system uses glycol aqueous solution as coolant to perform heat exchange test, uses a heating plate to provide 4000W power output, and measures the temperature of a water inlet and a water outlet to determine heat exchange efficiency. Through testing, after heating for 10 minutes, the whole test temperature is lower than the water outlet temperature by 65 ℃ and is consistent with the design value. No overheating phenomenon and overall response time of 10 minutes.
Example III
The novel rapid response plate heat exchanger structure based on the blade type phase change composite material in the embodiment is substantially the same as that in embodiment 1.
The preparation method of the novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on the blade type graphene-based phase change composite material is illustrated by taking equipment working in a certain period as an example. The specific process is as follows:
(1) The plate heat exchanger is structurally designed, heating power of the device is 4000W, working time is 10 minutes, ambient temperature is 60 ℃, and working gap is 1h according to use requirements. According to the parameters, the refrigerating capacity of the plate heat exchanger is 2500kJ, the fluid flow is 20L/min, the width of a single harmonica-shaped flat plate runner plate is 100mm, the thickness is 2mm, 12 rectangular runners are arranged in the single harmonica-shaped flat plate runner plate side by side, the size of each runner is 8 multiplied by 1mm, the wall thickness of each runner is 0.5mm, the distance between two adjacent harmonica-shaped flat plate runner plates is 80mm, the distance between two adjacent support structures is 120mm, the support structures are I-shaped, the selected graphene-based phase-change energy-storage composite material is graphene foam porosity is 85%, the phase-change point of the phase-change material is 62-65 ℃, the cooling liquid is glycol water solution, and the heat dissipation power of the radiator is not less than 750W;
(2) According to the electric appliance and control design of the plate heat exchanger, the control system and the electric system of the plate heat exchanger are designed according to the working structure requirements of practical application, and the monitoring of the temperature, the flow and the pressure of different positions of the heat exchanger, the radiator and the cooling liquid can be realized, so that the start and the stop of the radiator and the circulating pump are controlled, and the alarm can be given to an upper system.
(3) The method comprises the steps of (1) processing a plate heat exchanger, namely selecting aluminum alloy as a main material of the plate heat exchanger according to a design structure, finishing the processing and forming of the plate heat exchanger through a direct mechanical processing technology, and polishing the wall surface of a flow passage after processing, (4) preparing a graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material according to the following steps:
a) Preparing a graphene/ice crystal mixture based on low-temperature 3D printing technology, wherein the preparation environment temperature is-30 ℃, and cooling the graphene/ice crystal mixture assembled layer by layer through liquid nitrogen from above, so that high orientation of graphene sheets is realized due to the shearing action of an extrusion head in the assembling process;
b) Freeze-drying the graphene/ice crystal mixture for 5 days in a radiation heating mode to remove the ice crystal, so as to obtain graphene foam;
c) Degreasing graphene foam, namely degreasing for 3 hours at the temperature of 500 ℃ in a degreasing furnace, and removing a high molecular dispersing agent;
d) The secondary orientation and density regulation of the graphene foam, namely placing the degreased graphene foam into a pressing mould, and performing secondary pressing through a pressing machine to obtain the graphene foam with the porosity of 85% and the density of 0.3g/cm 3, wherein the secondary orientation of the graphene nano-sheet 12 is promoted in the process, the aperture is about 1 micrometer, and the orientation degree is 0.6;
e) Graphene foam graphitization treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is 3000 ℃ and the treatment time is 2h;
f) Compounding graphene foam and phase-change material, namely compounding the graphene foam and the phase-change material by utilizing a high-temperature pouring device, raising the temperature to 80 ℃, melting all paraffin phase-change materials, placing the paraffin phase-change material into the graphene foam, vacuumizing for 1.5h, then introducing nitrogen and positive pressure for 1.5h, alternately carrying out vacuum negative pressure and positive pressure, and circulating for 1-10 times until the compounding rate reaches 100%, wherein the thermal conductivity of the phase-change material reaches 50W/m.K after compounding;
(5) The graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is processed according to the structure of the plate heat exchanger and assembled into the flow channel interval of the plate heat exchanger, wherein the heat conduction silicone grease is coated on the wall surface of the flow channel plate to reduce the interface thermal resistance, the heat conduction silicone grease has heat conductivity of 18W/m.K, and when the graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is assembled, the graphene-based phase-change energy storage composite material is perpendicular to the wall of the flow channel plate (shown in figure 2) in the orientation direction, and the interface thermal resistance is further reduced by adopting an interference assembly mode.
(6) And (3) welding the upper cover plate, namely after the phase-change composite material is assembled, welding the upper cover plate in a cold welding mode, wherein the welding points 13 on the surface of the plate heat exchanger comprise a circle of the cover plate and partial welding points, as shown in figure 3, the partial welding points are the upper surfaces of the flat plate type flow channel plates, and each flat plate type flow channel plate has 3 welding points on the upper surface. In order to prevent the phase change energy storage material from gasifying in the welding process and affecting the welding effect, cold water is introduced into the heat exchanger in the welding process to reduce the overall temperature, and the temperature of a cold water inlet is 25 ℃.
The total weight of the novel efficient plate heat exchanger and the refrigerating system prepared by the embodiment is 50kg, 600kg of the refrigerating system without using the phase change material is needed, and the weight reduction reaches 91%. The whole system uses glycol aqueous solution as coolant to perform heat exchange test, uses a heating plate to provide 4000W power output, and measures the temperature of a water inlet and a water outlet to determine heat exchange efficiency. Through testing, after heating for 10 minutes, the whole test temperature is lower than the water outlet temperature by 66 ℃ and is consistent with the design value. No overheating phenomenon and overall response time of 8 minutes.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on blade type phase change composite materials is characterized by comprising a plate heat exchanger and blade type phase change composite materials, wherein the plate heat exchanger comprises a plurality of plate type flow passage plates which are arranged in parallel, one ends of the plate type flow passage plates are connected with a water inlet water tank, the other ends of the plate type flow passage plates are connected with a water outlet water tank, a cooling liquid inlet is arranged on the water inlet water tank, a cooling liquid outlet is arranged on the water outlet water tank, the plate type flow passage plates are arranged and welded on a bottom plate in parallel, a supporting structure is arranged between every two adjacent plate type flow passage plates at a certain distance to form flow passage intervals, the blade type phase change composite materials are obtained by compositing carbon-based material foam or metal foam with the phase change material, the blade type phase change composite materials are inserted into the flow passage intervals, the flow passage plate walls of the blade type quick response phase change composite materials are in close contact with each other, and paste type thermal interface materials or coated thermal interface materials are adhered to the contact surfaces of the blade type phase change composite materials to reduce interface thermal resistance, and the water outlet water tank is connected with a radiator.
2. The novel rapid response plate heat exchanger based on the blade type phase change composite material according to claim 1, wherein the flow channels in the flat plate type flow channel plate are in a harmonica type.
3. A novel fast response plate heat exchanger based on a blade type phase change composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat conduction direction of the blade type phase change composite material with higher heat conductivity is perpendicular to the flow channel plate wall.
4. The novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on the blade type phase change composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the supporting structure is an I-shaped support, and/or the wall thickness of the flow channel in the flat plate type flow channel plate is 0.5-2.0mm, and/or the flat plate type flow channel plate is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
5. The novel rapid response plate heat exchanger based on the blade type phase change composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbon-based material foam is graphene foam or carbon foam, and the metal foam is aluminum foam, aluminum alloy foam, copper foam or copper alloy foam.
6. A new type of fast response plate heat exchanger based on a blade type phase change composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the radiator is connected to a fan or a refrigeration device.
7. The novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on the blade type phase change composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the blade type phase change composite material is a blade type graphene based phase change composite material obtained by compounding graphene foam and a phase change material, the blade type graphene based phase change composite material has a high-orientation graphene foam and phase change material composite structure, and the preparation method of the blade type graphene based phase change composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a graphene/ice crystal mixture, namely, layer-by-layer assembling based on a low-temperature 3D printing technology, wherein the preparation environment temperature is-40 ℃ to-10 ℃, and cooling the layer-by-layer assembled graphene/ice crystal mixture from the upper part through liquid nitrogen, so that the graphene sheets realize high orientation due to the shearing action of an extrusion head in the assembling process;
(2) Removing ice crystals by freeze drying to obtain graphene foam;
(3) Degreasing graphene foam, namely removing a high-molecular dispersing agent, wherein the degreasing temperature is more than or equal to 350 ℃;
(4) Secondary orientation and density regulation of graphene foam, namely secondarily pressing the degreased graphene foam through a pressure device to obtain graphene foam with different densities and different porosities, wherein the secondary orientation of graphene nano sheets is promoted in the process, the pore diameter of the final graphene foam is between 100 nanometers and 10 micrometers, and the porosity is adjustable between 70% and 95%;
(5) Graphene foam graphitization treatment, wherein the treatment temperature is 2500-3200 ℃ and the treatment time is 0.5-5h;
(6) Compounding graphene foam and phase-change material, namely compounding the graphene foam and the phase-change material by a perfusion device, raising the temperature to be higher than the phase-change point of the phase-change material, putting the graphene foam into the phase-change material, and realizing high-efficiency compounding of the graphene foam and the phase-change material by combining vacuum negative pressure and positive pressure by means of addition of protective gas, wherein the vacuum negative pressure and the positive pressure are alternately carried out, and the cycle is carried out for 1-10 times until the compounding rate reaches 100%.
8. The novel rapid response plate heat exchanger based on the blade type phase change composite material of claim 7, wherein the graphene layer in the step (1) is oriented in a high orientation mode by at least one of an ice template method, a magnetic field induced orientation and a pressure induced orientation.
9. The method for preparing the novel rapid response plate heat exchanger based on the blade type phase change composite material, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The plate heat exchanger structure is designed, namely, a specific structure of the plate heat exchanger is designed according to the use requirement, wherein the specific structure comprises a heat storage capacity design, a cooling liquid flow capacity design, a cooling liquid temperature design, a flat plate type runner plate design and a supporting structure interval design, so that the plate heat exchanger structure meeting the use requirement is obtained;
(2) According to the practical application of the working structure requirements, the control system and the electric system of the plate heat exchanger are designed, so that the adjustment and control of the flow, the pressure and the temperature of the heat exchanger can be realized;
(3) The plate heat exchanger is processed, namely, the main material of the plate heat exchanger is selected according to the design structure, the processing and forming of the plate heat exchanger are finished through a 3D printing technology, a mechanical processing technology or a welding technology, and the wall surface of a flow channel is polished after the processing;
(4) Preparing a blade type phase change composite material, namely compounding carbon-based material foam or metal foam with the phase change material to obtain the blade type phase change composite material;
(5) Processing and assembling, namely processing blade type phase-change energy storage composite materials according to the structure of the plate heat exchanger, and assembling the processed blade type phase-change energy storage composite materials into runner spaces of the plate heat exchanger, wherein the surfaces of the runner plate walls are bonded with high-rebound resilience thermal interface materials or smeared with pasty thermal interface materials to reduce interface thermal resistance
(6) And (3) welding an upper cover plate, namely after the phase-change composite material is assembled, welding the upper cover plate, wherein the welding points comprise a circle of the cover plate and local welding points, the local welding points are the upper surfaces of the flat-plate type flow channel plates, 2-5 welding points are welded on the upper surfaces of each flat-plate type flow channel plate, cold water is introduced into the heat exchanger in the welding process to reduce the overall temperature, and the temperature of a cold water inlet is 10-40 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the novel quick response plate heat exchanger based on the blade type phase change composite material, which is disclosed in claim 9, is characterized in that in the processing and assembling of the step (5), the graphene orientation direction is perpendicular to the flow passage plate wall during the assembling, and the assembling is performed in an interference assembling mode.
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN120777918A true CN120777918A (en) | 2025-10-14 |
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