CN1460664A - Livnocellulose solid wastes composting decomposition-promoting composite bacterial preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a lignocellulose-based solid waste composting decay-promoting composite bacterial agent belonging to the range of microbial fermentation agents for accelerating the aerobic composting process of agricultural solid wastes and urban garden wastes with high lignocellulose content. Including compound bacterial agents 1# and 2#, which are fermented and cultivated in the liquid fermentation medium of sweetened soybean milk or the solid fermentation medium of sawdust and rice bran, which are respectively suitable for the high temperature stage of the primary fermentation and the secondary fermentation of the composting process In the cooling stage, the 1# composite bacterial agent can withstand the high temperature above 75°C, and exert the degradation ability of lignocellulose at high temperature; Degradability, accelerate the process of mineralization and humification of intermediate products. It is used for the composting of agricultural solid waste such as vegetable waste, flower straws, and landscaping waste such as litter, pruning weeds, etc., by accelerating the degradation and transformation of lignocellulose, and synergizing the degradation process between wastes with different degradation capabilities, to achieve shortening Fermentation time, promote compost maturity, improve the quality of compost products by more than 30%.

Description

Lignocellulosic solid waste composting compound bacterial agent for promoting decay

technical field

The invention belongs to the scope of microbial fermentation bacterial agents, and in particular relates to a composting-promoting composite bacterial agent for lignocellulose solid wastes for accelerating the aerobic composting process of agricultural solid wastes and urban garden wastes with high lignocellulose content.

Background technique

Western developed countries and my country's Taiwan region have carried out the research and development of composting compound bacterial agents earlier, but mainly focus on the fermentation additives of poultry manure and compound fertilizer bacterial agents. In recent years, the development of domestic waste microbial degradation bacterial agents has become a hot spot in developed countries, and some products have been commercialized. However, for the treatment of agricultural solid waste and urban waste in my country, the applicability and effectiveness of these products still need further research and verification. . Especially for agricultural solid waste and urban landscaping waste with large output, complex composition and high lignocellulose content, its resource utilization requires a special high-efficiency microbial inoculant, and the research and application of environmentally friendly microbial inoculants in my country is relatively lagging behind , the research on microbial treatment of solid waste is still in its infancy.

Aerobic composting is an important means of recycling and harmless treatment of agricultural solid waste, urban landscaping waste and domestic waste. Composting technology is to mix organic solid waste with filling materials in a certain proportion, and under the conditions of suitable water, pH, oxygen, and carbon-nitrogen ratio, microorganisms will multiply to degrade organic matter, and generate high temperature to kill pathogenic bacteria and impurities. Grass seeds, the process of stabilizing organic matter. In the process of aerobic composting, it is difficult to effectively decompose slowly degraded organic components such as lignocellulose in compost materials only by relying on the original indigenous microorganisms in the composting substrate. It is necessary to introduce specific exogenous microorganisms to accelerate the composting process. Coordinate the degradation process of materials with different degradability. In the process of composting and decomposing, the decomposition of cellulose is the key: (1) cellulose is the largest amount, accounting for 40%-60% of plant dry matter, and the nitrogen-free organic matter that decomposes slowly; (2) the destruction of cellulose It means the disintegration of cellular substances and the production of anamorphic substances, which are the most important changes in physical properties during the composting process. Therefore, various technologies for accelerating cellulolysis including artificial inoculation are of positive significance. However, so far, the research on microbial inoculants for aerobic composting is still limited to the experimental stage and has not been applied to large-scale production. There are two reasons for this: 1. The aerobic composting process is a complex microbial reaction, which involves the participation of various bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. There is no perfect theoretical basis for the kinetic process of the reaction. It is difficult to artificially control the whole process; 2, for composting inoculants, especially the expanded production process of cellulose-degrading bacteria agents, there is no in-depth and meticulous research, and inoculants cannot be mass-produced. However, microbial inoculation for large-scale compost production requires a large amount of microbial agents. The cultivation of these agents currently uses Congo red medium as a selective medium, and cellulose filter paper fermentation medium or LB medium as a proliferation medium. , filter paper medium was used as the detection medium for culture. It is difficult to meet the production needs only by relying on the bacterial agent obtained by enrichment culture in the laboratory.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a composite microbial agent for composting lignocellulosic solid waste and promoting decay. It is characterized in that: the composite bacterial agent includes two models of composite bacterial agent 1# and 2#, which are respectively suitable for the high-temperature fermentation stage (primary fermentation) and normal temperature/lower temperature fermentation stage (secondary fermentation) in the composting process . Among them, the 1# composite bacterial agent is composed of 4-8 strains of thermophilic lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, which can withstand high temperatures of 70°C-90°C and exert the degradation ability of lignocellulose at high temperatures; 2# composite bacterial agent is composed of 8 strains. - Composed of 12 strains of mesophilic lignocellulose-degrading bacteria and 4-8 strains of mesophilic lignocellulose-degrading fungi, which can exert lignocellulose degradation ability in the medium and normal temperature stages of 50°C-15°C, and accelerate the mineralization and decay of intermediate products Colonization process. It is used for the composting of vegetable waste, flower straw and other agricultural solid waste, as well as landscaping waste such as litter and pruning weeds. Increase the fermentation time, promote the maturity of compost, and improve the quality of compost products.

The cultivation of the compound bacterial agent is to use sweetened soybean milk as a liquid fermentation medium or use sawdust, rice bran and other substances as a solid fermentation medium to produce a large amount of fermentation in a short period of time, wherein the medium formula for liquid fermentation is 10-50ml of fresh soybean milk , glucose 20g, add water to 1L, pH 6-8, in this medium with 1-20% inoculum size, continuous gas culture at 25°C-35°C for 40-70 hours can reach the maximum yield of 10 ⁹ /ml; while the formula is solid fermentation medium with 80% sawdust, 10% rice bran, 10% bran, (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ 1.5%, KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.5%, moisture content 50%-60% Among them, the compound microbial agent can reach the maximum yield of 10 ⁹ /g when the inoculum amount of 1-20% is intermittently turned and cultivated at 25°C-50°C for 2 weeks, and the concentration of the product reaches the specified standard. The physical shape of the corresponding bacterial agent product is: the liquid bacterial agent is a beige suspension with a pH of 8.0-8.5; the solid bacterial agent is in the form of loose brown-yellow sawdust; the bacterial content in the product: liquid bacteria within the 12-month shelf life The bacterial content of the agent is >10 ⁹ /ml, and the solid bacterial agent is >10 ⁹ /g.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By using the composite bacterial agent 1# in the high temperature stage, the population density of lignocellulolytic bacteria in the compost in the high temperature stage is increased, and the biotransformation of lignocellulose in this stage is promoted. In the cooling and stabilizing stages, the compound microbial agent 2# is used to enhance the subsequent degradation of lignocellulose and the mineralization and humification of intermediate products in the normal temperature stage by increasing the population density of mesophilic lignocellulosic decomposing bacteria. 2. The cellulose and lignin-degrading compound bacterial agent contained in this product can be used for the reduction and recycling of agricultural solid waste and landscaping waste with high lignocellulose content. This product is used in composting plants, garbage treatment plants or when individuals dispose of yard waste. The combined use of two groups of compound bacteria can increase the compost temperature by 2-4°C compared with other biological and non-biological control treatments. The duration of the high temperature stage is prolonged, which enhances the compost The overall microbial flora in the body and the activity of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria can significantly accelerate the combined composting process of vegetable and flower straws, shorten the decomposing time, and increase the yield of final fine compost products (particle size <1cm) by more than 30%. .

Detailed ways

The invention is a compound bacteria agent for composting lignocellulosic solid waste and promoting decay. It is characterized in that: the composite bacterial agent includes two models of composite bacterial agent 1# and 2#, which are respectively suitable for the high-temperature fermentation stage (primary fermentation) and normal temperature/lower temperature fermentation stage (secondary fermentation) in the composting process . Among them, the 1# composite bacterial agent is composed of 5 strains of thermophilic lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, which can withstand high temperatures above 75°C and exert the ability to degrade lignocellulose at high temperatures; the 2# composite bacterial agent consists of 10 strains of mesophilic lignocellulose Composed of cellulose-degrading bacteria and 5 strains of mesophilic lignocellulose-degrading fungi, they can exert their lignocellulose-degrading ability at medium and normal temperatures below 45°C, and accelerate the mineralization and humification of intermediate products. It is used for the composting of agricultural solid waste such as vegetable waste, flower straws, and landscaping waste such as litter, pruning weeds, etc., by accelerating the degradation and transformation of lignocellulose, and synergizing the degradation process between wastes with different degradation capabilities, to achieve shortening Increase the fermentation time, promote the maturity of compost, and improve the quality of compost products.

In view of the large demand for the use of composite bacterial agents as inoculant agents in pilot scale and industrial scale, the fermentation process of the composite bacterial agent was developed accordingly. The cultivation of compound microbial agent is to use sweetened soybean milk as a liquid fermentation medium or sawdust rice bran as a solid-state fermentation medium. Through this process, a large amount of fermentation can be produced in a short time. The medium formula for liquid fermentation is 10-50ml of fresh soybean milk, 20g of glucose, adding water to 1L, pH 6-8, and the compound bacterial agent is exposed continuously at 25°C-35°C with an inoculation amount of 1-20% in the medium. Air culture for 40-70 hours can reach the maximum yield of 10 ⁹ /ml; while the formula is sawdust 80%, rice bran 10%, bran 10%, (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ 1.5%, KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.5%, In a solid-state fermentation medium with a water content of 50%-60%, the composite bacterial agent can reach a maximum yield of 10 ⁹ /g when the inoculum amount of 1-20% is intermittently turned and cultivated at 25°C-50°C for 2 weeks, and the product Concentrations reached the specified standards.

The formula of the liquid fermentation medium used in the specific test is to use 10ml, 20ml, 30ml, 40ml, and 50ml of fresh soybean milk respectively, add 20g of glucose, add water to 1L, and adjust the pH to 6, 7, and 8. 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% of the inoculum in the culture medium were continuously blown at 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C for 40, 48, 55, 60, and 70 hours, and it was possible to achieve The maximum yield is 10 ⁹ /ml; while the formula is sawdust 80%, rice bran 10%, bran 10%, (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ 1.5%, KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.5%, moisture content 50%-60% In the solid-state fermentation medium, the compound bacterial agent may reach the maximum harvest at 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C for 2 weeks at 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C at the inoculum amount of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. Quantity 10 ⁹ /g, and the physical shape of the corresponding bacterial agent product is: liquid bacterial agent is a beige suspension, pH is 8.0-8.5; solid bacterial agent is in the form of loose brown-yellow sawdust; bacterial content in the product: 12 The bacterial content of the liquid bacterial agent is >10 ⁹ /ml, and the solid bacterial agent is >10 ⁹ /g within the shelf life of one month.

When in use, in the primary fermentation stage of the compost, add the compound bacterial agent 1# to the compost material with an inoculum amount of 1%, and stir evenly. In order to keep the microorganisms in the 1# composite bacterial agent active and exert the best degradation function, the maximum compost temperature in the composting process should be controlled below 75°C. When the compost temperature drops below 40°C or in the second fermentation stage of the compost, add compound bacterial agent 2# to the compost material with an inoculation amount of 1%, and continue composting to make the compost material fully decomposed and become safe and hygienic. , Bioactive organic fertilizer with good physical properties and high nutrient content.

After multiple experiments in the laboratory of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University and the pilot test in the demonstration area of "Research on Non-point Source Pollution Control Technology in Dianchi Lake Basin" in Dayu Township, Chenggong County, Kunming City, the results show that the combination of the two groups of compound bacteria Compared with other biological and non-biological control treatments, the compost temperature can be increased by 2-4°C, the duration of the high temperature stage is prolonged, the overall microbial flora and the activity of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria in the compost are enhanced, and the combined composting of vegetable and flower straws is significantly accelerated. process, shorten the maturity time, and increase the yield of the final fine compost product (particle size < 1cm) by more than 30%.

Claims (2)

1. A composite bacterial agent for composting lignocellulosic solid wastes to promote decay, characterized in that: said composite bacterial agent comprises two types of bacterial agents of composite bacterial agent 1# and 2#, which are respectively applicable to once in the composting process In the high-temperature stage of fermentation and the normal temperature/cooling stage of secondary fermentation, the 1# composite bacterial agent is composed of 4-8 strains of thermophilic lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, which can withstand high temperatures of 70°C-90°C and play a role at high temperatures. Degradation ability of lignocellulose; 2# composite bacterial agent is composed of 8-12 strains of mesophilic lignocellulose-degrading bacteria and 4-8 strains of mesophilic lignocellulose-degrading fungi, which can be used in the medium and normal temperature stages of 50°C-15°C Give full play to the degradation ability of lignocellulose and accelerate the mineralization and humification process of intermediate products; it is used for composting of agricultural solid waste such as vegetable and vegetable waste, flower straw, and landscaping waste such as litter, pruning weeds, etc., by accelerating the process of lignocellulose The degradation and transformation of toxins, and the degradation process of wastes with different degradation capabilities are coordinated to shorten the fermentation time, promote the maturity of compost, and improve the quality of compost products. 2. According to claim 1, the composite bacterial agent for composting lignocellulosic solid waste and promoting decay is characterized in that: the composite bacterial agent uses sweetened soybean milk as a liquid fermentation medium or uses materials such as sawdust and rice bran as a solid-state fermentation culture It is fermented and cultivated in a short period of time. The formula of the medium for liquid fermentation is 10-50ml of fresh soybean milk, 20g of glucose, adding water to 1L, pH6-8, and the compound bacterial agent is inoculated with 1-20% in this medium The maximum yield of 10 ⁹ /ml can be achieved by continuously blowing culture at 25°C-35°C for 40-70 hours; and the formula is 80% sawdust, 10% rice bran, 10% bran, (NH ₄ ) ₂ SO ₄ 1.5%, KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.5%, solid-state fermentation medium with a moisture content of 50%-60%, the compound bacterial agent can be cultured intermittently at 25°C-50°C for 2 weeks with an inoculum of 1-20%. The maximum yield is 10 ⁹ /g; the physical shape of the corresponding bacterial agent product is: the liquid bacterial agent is a beige suspension with a pH of 8.0-8.5; the solid bacterial agent is in the form of loose brown-yellow sawdust; the bacterial species in the product Content: within the 12-month shelf life, the bacterial content of the liquid bacterial agent is >10 ⁹ /ml, and the solid bacterial agent is >10 ⁹ /g.