CN1486232A - Abrasive wheels with workpiece vision feature - Google Patents
Abrasive wheels with workpiece vision feature Download PDFInfo
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- CN1486232A CN1486232A CNA01822041XA CN01822041A CN1486232A CN 1486232 A CN1486232 A CN 1486232A CN A01822041X A CNA01822041X A CN A01822041XA CN 01822041 A CN01822041 A CN 01822041A CN 1486232 A CN1486232 A CN 1486232A
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- emery wheel
- wheel
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- breach
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D7/10—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with cooling provisions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D7/12—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with apertures for inspecting the surface to be abraded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D9/00—Wheels or drums supporting in exchangeable arrangement a layer of flexible abrasive material, e.g. sandpaper
- B24D9/08—Circular back-plates for carrying flexible material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
Abrasive grinding wheels having an irregular (i.e., gapped) perimeter shape and/or holes extending therethrough permit one to view the surface of a workpiece being ground in conventional surface finishing, snagging and/or weld blending operations. The grinding wheels may each include one or more gaps disposed in spaced relation about the otherwise circular perimeter of the wheel. Holes also may be provided in addition to, or in lieu of, the gaps, and similarly spaced equidistantly about the wheel. The gaps and/or holes may be configured in many diverse shapes. Gap and hole positions may be selected so as to retain the balance of the wheel. Advantageously, when the wheels are rotated about their axes, one is able to monitor the condition of the surface of the workpiece as it is being abraded, without removing the grinding wheel from the surface.
Description
Related application
The application's requirement is 60/254,478 U.S. Provisional Patent Application priority to the series number that proposed on December 9th, 2000.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of emery wheel or emery wheel, specifically, the present invention relates in grinding process, be easy to observe the emery wheel of workpiece.
Background technology
Emery wheel (that is emery wheel) is widely used in traditional grinding machine and the hand-held angle abrasive machine.When using on these machines, wheel bearing is the heart therein, and rotates with relative fair speed when pressing workpiece (that is workpiece).The grinding skin of emery wheel is by the surface of the associating shear action wearing and tearing workpiece of emery wheel abrasive grain.
Emery wheel can use corase grind cut with two kinds of operations of fine ginding in.Corase grind is cut and is used for realizing quick cutting, and needn't the special concern surface smoothness and burn.The example that corase grind is cut comprises that the impurity with steel billet excises fast, the preparation of weld seam and cut-out steel.Fine ginding is paid attention to dimensional tolerance and/or the surface smoothness of control to realize requiring of cutting output.The example of fine ginding comprises accurate cutting output, sharpening, the shaping of material, and operates such as the general surfacing of polishing and coordination (that is, grinding off bead).
In traditional flat-faced wheel or surperficial emery wheel, the cardinal principle tabular surface of emery wheel acts on the workpiece usually, use a traditional surperficial abrasive machine or an angle abrasive machine, tabular surface be oriented with workpiece become 6 ° of angles approximately, this traditional facet wheel can use corase grind cut with fine ginding in.The example of surfacing operation is one such as U.S. Patent No. 5,951, the polishing of the burning coating of disclosed bimetal engine group in 378.Mixture is molded forms by abrasive particle and binding agent (have or do not have fiber reinforced) usually for traditional flat-faced wheel or surperficial emery wheel, the emery wheel of, an abrasive material bonding rigidity, monolithic to form.The example of the abrasive material of one suitable bonding is included in the alumina particle in the resin-bonding matrix.Other example of the abrasive material of bonding is included in diamond, CBN, aluminium oxide or the carbonization silica sand particle in glassy or the metallic bond.Various wheel shapes by ANSI (American National Standard Institute) appointment are used in plane or surfacing operation usually.These are taken turns type and comprise straight shape wheel (ANSI Class1), cylindrical wheel (type 2), recessed wheel (type 5 and 7), straight shape and enlarging plain cup wheel (Class1 0 and 11), dish and dish wheel (Class1 2 and 13), burr and/or following cup-type grinding wheel (type 20 to 26) and center landing emery wheel (type 27,27A and 28).Version such as the above-mentioned emery wheel of ANSI type 29 emery wheels also is suitable for flat surface grinding or surfacing.
With traditional flat surface grinding or relevant shortcoming of surfacing, be exactly in actual mechanical process, the operator just can not see the surface at the workpiece of grinding; The operator can only see the material that is not covered by emery wheel.In processing procedure, be difficult to finish accurate operation usually near arriving desired contiguous result as workpiece repeatedly not being checked with constantly.Handheld tool such as the abrasive machine of angle can not accurately put on again, like this, checks that repeatedly to elaboration be not good selection.
Owing to image persistance is arranged on the retina in human eyes, thus when the emery wheel with perforation with in paramount speed when rotating, it becomes translucent; Promptly " persistence of vision " work.If between the emery wheel that rotates and its background and/or prospect light and/or color distortion are arranged, the being seen image of emery wheel by a rotation of boring a hole further strengthens so.For when emery wheel rotates, increase the width of " window " or observing effect clearly, perforation is usually designed to and overlaps each other.For example, utilize the visible U.S. Patent No. 6,159,089 of emery wheel of this phenomenon; 6,077,156; 6,062,965 and 6,007,415, this paper here cites all these contents for your guidance.
Owing to the synthetic emery wheel of resin/abrasive material of inferring monomer break and/or protrusion is trapped in and causes catastrophic consequence in the big hole, so the use of this so far " window " has been limited in the cutting blade and/or flexible emery wheel of multipart metal body.
Therefore, need a kind of improved instrument and/or method that is used for surfacing.
Summary of the invention
According to one embodiment of the invention, an emery wheel is provided, this emery wheel functionally rotates to grind off material from workpiece around its axis.This emery wheel comprises that one installs aperture, and comprises the matrix of abrasive grain and the columniform periphery that forms a name in rotary course functionally.Emery wheel comprises that at least one extends through the room of matrix vertically, and like this, in rotary course functionally, the room forms can see the window of the name of workpiece by it.Emery wheel is monomer basically, and in response to 20 newton's that apply axial load, has along the pliability of about 1-5 millimeter scope of axis direction.
Another aspect of the present invention comprises the method for making an emery wheel, and this emery wheel functionally rotates to grind off material from workpiece around its axis.This method comprises provides a matrix that comprises abrasive grain, and matrix is formed in the emery wheel.This method comprises that also forming at least one extends through the room of matrix vertically, and like this, in rotary course functionally, the room forms can see the window of the name of workpiece by it.This emery wheel forms a monomer, and sizing, shaping and formation have along the pliability of about 1-5 millimeter scope of axis direction in response to 20 newton's that apply axial load.
Also have on the one hand of the present invention, provide one functionally to rotate to grind off the emery wheel of material from workpiece.This emery wheel comprises that one installs aperture, and comprises the matrix of abrasive grain and the columniform periphery that forms a name in rotary course functionally.A plurality of rooms extend through matrix vertically, and like this, in rotary course functionally, the room forms can see the window of the name of workpiece by it.All rooms comprise at least one peep hole, and at least one unobstructed breach that inwardly radially extends from the columniform edge of name.This emery wheel is monomer basically.
Brief description of drawings
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, read the detailed description of the each side below the present invention, will more easily understand above and other features and advantages of the present invention.
Fig. 1 be shaping outer rim emery wheel of the present invention look up (wheel face side) plane;
Fig. 2 is the facade side elevation along the 2-2 intercepting of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3-the 9th, view emery wheel, that be similar to Fig. 1 according to various alternate embodiment of the present invention wherein is represented by dotted lines alternative through hole;
Figure 10 is the view that is similar to Fig. 2, but is in the ratio of inverted direction and amplification;
Figure 11-the 14th, curve map and bar shaped statistical chart illustrate the expected performance with the various emery wheels of the present invention's prior art relatively;
Figure 15 and 16 is respectively the plane and the side elevation view of another embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 17 and 18 is respectively the plane and the side elevation view of further embodiment of this invention;
Figure 19-the 21st, the side elevation view of other embodiments of the invention;
Figure 22-the 25th, the view emery wheel of other embodiments of the invention, that be similar to Fig. 1; And
Figure 26 is the curve map of the result of the test of the various embodiments of the present invention of comparing with the emery wheel of prior art.
The specific embodiment
All figure with reference to listing in the accompanying drawing will describe exemplary embodiment of the present invention in detail below.For clarity, the identical parts shown in the accompanying drawing will be represented with identical label, and the similar parts shown in the embodiment that changes in the accompanying drawing are also represented with similar label.
As used herein, term " emery wheel " refers to the object of a monomer, and it is suitable for being installed on the axle and main shaft of a rotation.Here be not restricted to pure circle or cylindrical.It comprises the object that can use with facing sand turbine or angle abrasive machine.
Term " breach " and " slit " refer to interchangeably sink or are recessed, they its fully extend through an object along a direction at least, and surrounded by halves by the material of this object.They comprise such structure, and wherein, the rounded outer edge of an emery wheel loses one section (following definition) or part, it seems perhaps and be that (imagination ground) extends beyond the edge by mobile one " aperture " up to the part of aperture and obtains.
Similarly, " hole " comprises sagging, a recessed or aperture, do not consider shape or geometrical property that it is special, and it fully extends through an object along a direction at least, and is fully surrounded by the material of this object.
" breach ", " slit " and/or " hole " are referred to as " room " altogether here.
" monomer " and/or " monomer " finger-type becomes the object of a single body unit, such as by molded (for example casting).The example of the emery wheel of monomer comprises the nonreinforcement bonding and strengthens the emery wheel of bonded abrasive.The example of typical enhanced type comprises the fiber such as glass or carbon, or a support plate, and it forms a discrete layer of emery wheel, that is, just on described layer with binding agent with abrasive material is molded forms.Perhaps, enhanced type can comprise fiber or other material, and itself and binding agent and abrasive material mix basically equably.As adopting herein, " monomer " and " monomer " specifically, do not comprise traditional, comprise a sandpaper disk that removably is fixed on the sand paper on the backing plate, do not comprise the metal wheel that has brazing or electroplate the abrasive material granulosa on wheel rim yet.
Here " grinding " adopted is meant any grinding or finishing operation, wherein, the surface of workpiece handled, to remove material or to change surface roughness.
" bow-shaped section " is meant the part of the circle between the periphery chord.
" axially " or " axis direction " refers to be arranged essentially parallel to the direction of emery wheel pivot center.Similarly " laterally ", " horizontal direction " or " transverse plane " are meant direction or the plane that is substantially normal to axis direction.
Term " edge " comprises that emery wheel rotates the wheel of formation or the radially outermost edge and/or the surface of nominal cylinder.The edge of emery wheel comprises any breach or slit disposed thereon.
" periphery " of term emery wheel comprises all outer surfaces of emery wheel, and it comprises the face of edge, grinding face and relative (for example, non-grinding).
Briefly, as shown in the figure, the present invention includes the abrasive grinding emery wheel of a monomer, its have one irregular (promptly, jaggy) periphery shape and/or a series of hole that extends through it, the surface mill is whole to allow the operator to observe to carry out in a conventional manner, polishing and/or the surface of operating the workpiece of the welding married operation that is associated usually with surfacing.As shown in the figure, for example, in Fig. 1-4, emery wheel (110,310 and 410) respectively comprises one or more breach 112,312 and 412, and they should be provided with for the periphery of circle in spaced relation about emery wheel.These take turns the peep hole that also can comprise such as hole 322 shown in dotted lines in Figure 3.Perhaps, emery wheel can be provided with the breach (shown in Figure 22-24) of any periphery of all Kong Erwu.With reference to Fig. 1 and 22, can adopt equidistant three breach 112 of decentre or hole 2222, but many other combinations also are possible.Breach and/or hole can many different shapes be constructed, but and rounding (for example, cutting sth. askew) avoiding adopting sharp or narrow angle, and reduce any trend of fracture propagation.The selection of breach and/or hole site should keep the balance of taking turns.By remove just balance emery wheel dynamically of material from gap edge.
When wheel around its axis 116,316 and 416, with in during the rotation of paramount speed because above-mentioned " persistence of vision " effect, breach and/or hole allow wheel to become translucent.Therefore, when wheel around its axis, such as when the direction shown in arrow 114,314 and 414 is rotated, individual or machine are (promptly, the operator of abrasive machine or the observing system of machine) just will supervise surface condition at the workpiece of grinding, and do not need to remove emery wheel from the surface.What can aware is, breach and/or hole also can advantageously be played and be improved that air flows and the effect of the friction area that reduces to contact, so that the surface of workpiece is cold significantly compared with the circumference emery wheel that uses prior art.
Breach and/or peep hole have been arranged on traditional sandpaper disk,, use the sandpaper disk of the sand paper be fixed to the circular on the rigidity backing basically that is, for example, are disclosed on the patent gazette of above-mentioned ' 521.Yet they are not used in emery wheel monomer, bonded abrasive.Because in grinding action, near the high relatively stress that produces the wheel center is concentrated, and can aware, and the aperture that extends through such emery wheel is provided, and can produce unacceptable emery wheel loss of strength.Yet, have found that, adopt suitable emery wheel design, might on these flat grinding skins of taking turns, arrange and observe aperture (that is hole).
In addition, the various worries that prior art exists promptly, can be pressed from both sides the protrusion that can live on the surface of the work at the breach on the periphery, and it is concentrated maybe may to produce the stress that finally causes emery wheel to lose efficacy, and above-mentioned worry shows in trial run discovery.As going through with reference to Figure 10 hereinafter, high relatively rotating speed is together with the trailing edge 120 of the projection of the breach of alternative inclination and/or breach 112, and/or hole 322,622 etc., showing is enough to prevent that protrusion from entering in all breach of the wheel that rotates under traditional velocity of rotation.
In use of the present invention and development process, show through observation, produce cooling effect by between the abrasive surface that rotates and grinding working surface or material, forming air turbulence, can realize that the efficient of grinding action and the part of performance improve.Also can obtain advantage from cutting intermittently---allow between the interval of cutting, to have a little time interval amount.In each rotation process of our improved emery wheel, " time of having a rest " several times takes place.Now definite, best result obtains by on the position of the edge equidistant intervals of taking turns all breach being set, like this, nominally emery wheel reaches uniform balance.
With reference to all accompanying drawings, will introduce emery wheel of the present invention in more detail below.Except breach and/or hole, emery wheel can be made organic or inorganic bonded abrasive emery wheel by industrial standard, as above-mentioned Class1,2,5,7,10-13,20-26,27,27A, 28 and 29.Emery wheel also can manufacture shown in reference Figure 15-19 and the mixed type emery wheel (hereinafter being referred to as " mixed type 27/28 ") of described type 27 and type 28.These emery wheels also can adopt or not adopt traditional fiber or support plate to strengthen and make, and make traditional diameter.The example of organic binder material comprises resin, rubber, shellac or other similar binding agent.The inorganic bond agent material comprises clay, glass, enamel frit, porcelain, sodium metasilicate, high magnesite or metal.Traditional emery wheel manufacturing process may be utilized, and is for example, molded.Hereinafter will discuss the instantiation of traditional emery wheel manufacturing process of revising according to the present invention in more detail.
The typical construction of emery wheel of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1 and 2.Fig. 1 is a upward view, that is, and and the view of on the flat grinding face of emery wheel, watching.As shown in the figure, emery wheel 110 comprises three breach 112 and a traditional center mounting hole 111.
All breach can various sizes and shape and reasonably quantity constitute.For example, the emery wheel of various three breach is shown in Fig. 1-5,8 and 9.The embodiment of four breach is shown in Fig. 6 and 7, and the pattern of First Five-Year Plan breach is shown in Fig. 8 c.One one breach emery wheel (removing a balance bow-shaped section from the edge) also can adopt (not shown).
Now turn to Fig. 3, breach 312 can be asymmetricly to provide to have roughly to be circumference ladder or nick shaped.As shown in the figure, breach 312 comprises a preceding limb 318, and it is from the outermost radius r of emery wheel
MaxRadially upcountry extend, with respect to r
MaxThe 319 one-tenth one declivitous angle α of tangent line at place (promptly being roughly vertical).Preceding limb 318 circles are suitable to having initial radium r
MinTrailing edge 320, initial radium r
MinLittle by little circle is along arriving the outermost radius r
Max(that is, with the quite little β that cuts angle decrescence).The radius of this trailing edge 320 decrescence advantageously tends to reduce the possibility on the sharp-pointed protrusions such as edge that emery wheel is stuck in workpiece.This radius decrescence also can be discussed below with reference to Figure 10 in conjunction with trailing edge outstanding use together from the plane of grinding face.
Turn to Fig. 4, the variant of an asymmetric breach shown in the figure.In this embodiment, wheel 410 is provided with breach 412, and they provide emery wheel roughly zigzag periphery.With with wheel 310 similar modes, wheel 410 trailing edge 420 is preferably to spend angle β ' extensions less than 90.
Fig. 5 comprise two other symmetric windows 512 ' and 512 " variant (Fig. 5 a and 5b), and another has the embodiment (Fig. 5 c) of asymmetric breach 512 .
Fig. 6-9 also illustrate and have breach (be respectively 612,712,812,812 ', 812 " and 912) wheel (610,710,810,810 ', 810 " and 910) embodiment, all breach form the bow-shaped section that lose or that remove on the wheel.These bow-shaped sections can be (812 ') or zigzag (812 " and 912) of straight line (612 and 812), crooked shape.Can be from one more than the section; And three or four be preferable, and five (see 810 ") or more a plurality of be feasible.
In addition, the edge of grinding face can be provided with 626,726 along the trailing edge of breach, the chamfered edge part (this paper also is referred to as " wing tip ") at 826 and 926 places.The air that these wing tips can be increased between wheel and the material that is ground flows, and reduces the impact of EDGE CONTACT in the mode of the trailing edge of the projection that is similar to Figure 10.Wing tip also can comprise the blade that intentionally is formed on the wheel edge, and it can be used to guide or lead around the air of circumference of emery wheel.They can use together in conjunction with one " the skirt cover " of containing air around angle abrasive machine outer cover, and like this, dust only flies and can not fly upward from all directions along a direction.One dust or metal fillings gathering-device can be installed, so that maintain most dust or metal fillings.
Observe
As mentioned above, breach in emery wheel or slit (112,312,412 ...) advantageously can make the user when he uses abrasive machine, the emery wheel that sees through rotation is seen the workpiece that is ground.In this, in its progression, can see and monitor that the grinding action is very useful.As discussed above, most of Grinding wheel does not allow to watch at grinding process yet.The structure of conventional surface abrasive machine or angle abrasive machine does not generally allow to watch by the outer part of emery wheel of rotation, and emery wheel of the present invention has been developed and overcome this shortcoming.If when using traditional opaque emery wheel to carry out grinding, the operator must do a series of experimental grindings, need remove the instrument observed result at every turn, and during the vicinity end-of-job, the pause of this inspection must be more and more frequent.The process finished of work is a kind of continuous approaching, and has such possibility, that is, grinding process carry out head too.Use the present invention, operator to use once instrument to be put on workpiece and carry out grinding action, and do not have the excessive risk of grinding.
Surprisingly, these breach and/or the Kong Buhui that exists in the emery wheel tangles in breach (someone can expect) outstanding thing, so that the catastrophic destruction of causing grinding process.
Emery wheel of the present invention is dark colour preferably, so that the operator who watches by the emery wheel of rotation is improved the contrast of vision, and sees the workpiece of back by means of the persistence of vision.This color is not far more than the dazzling of white, and from see the surface of workpiece by the emery wheel of white or other light color, color is tending towards burnt hair.Its result, if the section of removing in a place overlaps the breach on another part of emery wheel, then the workpiece under emery wheel can be watched the edge of emery wheel always, like this, and in use, whole working portions " burnt hair " of emery wheel.
The air cooling
What can expect is, in typical 4.5 inches/115 a millimeters angle abrasive machine, under the rotation that per minute 8000-11000 changes, can aware around the emery wheel of rotation constructed in accordance along the tangential air stream that occurs roughly.The breach that tilts produces significant air turbulence on the surface of grinding, and metal fillings is tending towards discharging radially outwardly.
Now turn to Figure 10, breach 112 (and/or peep hole of hereinafter discussing) can be an inclination shape as shown in the figure.For convenience's sake, following discussion will be particularly with reference to breach, but what should be understood that is that this discussion also fully is applicable to any peep hole discussed herein.The preferable rotation direction of emery wheel 110 is as shown in arrow 14, and the grinding face of abrasive material down as shown in FIG..The preceding limb 118 of breach 112 is (with respect to axis directions) of tilting, and form an acute angle with the most close (adjacency) part with respect to the abrasive grinding face, and trailing edge 120 tilts like this: the adjacent part with respect to grinding face forms an obtuse angle.(the hangover surface 120 among Figure 10 b ' another tilted shape is shown, it can be used to further reduce the risk that emery wheel is caught protrusion).
Even breach itself does not have actual inclination, when emery wheel rotates under high speed, total significant and useful air turbulence of cardinal principle that also exists usually by the motion generation of the aperture on the backing plate, it advantageously is used for cooling off workpiece.
This effect can be by as shown in the figure the breach 112 of inclination strengthened (Figure 10 is carried to the surface of workpiece shown in a) as arrow 1030 because air is tending towards.This flow air can help to cool off workpiece, from the on-the-spot dust/metal fillings that blows away of grinding, and removes abrasive grain under cataclasm from the working region.By making trailing edge 120 ' rise, to form the air bailing bucket shown in Figure 10 b, this effect can be further improved.When air arrives be ground surperficial, there are enough air to be compressed, this air also can rise does a kind of supporting, to be similar to a kind of mode of air bearing, forces itself between the emery wheel of rotation and static workpiece.In this case, can produce the turbulent flow that helps to remove metal fillings at surface of the work.
Even we see locate not clamp the possibility of protrusion at the trailing edge of breach etc. (part is because using (10,000 rev/min) in, approximately per 2 milliseconds a new breach promptly occurs), by the gradient that makes the mitigation that object can stroke is provided, rather than lofty angle, structure shown in Figure 10 also is tending towards helping farthest to reduce risk (as when instrument slows down).
Except These characteristics, the form that emery wheel of the present invention can various alternate embodiment is put into practice.For example, as above brief and concisely as described in, except breach or slit (112,312,412 ...) outside or combination with it, described emery wheel any all can be provided with one or more peep holes 322,622,722 shown in dotted line among Fig. 3,6 and 7 etc. etc.Perhaps, as disclosed among temporary patent application of above-mentioned reference (' 478 application) and the Japanese patent application No.11-159371 (being entitled as " flexible abrasive wheel (Offset Flexible Grinding Wheel with Viewing Hole forObservation of Grinding Surface) that has the offset of the peep hole of observing grinding skin "), the present invention can comprise all peep holes, and does not use any circumferential breach such as the emery wheel among Figure 22-24 2210,2310 and 2410.These peep holes can be Any shape basically, comprise circle (that is, shown in Fig. 3,9 and 22) or non-circular (that is the slotted eye 2322 and 2422 among Figure 23 and 24).Now in more detail with reference to Figure 23 and 24, in the situation of using slotted eye or elongated hole, the direction that all holes can any requirement is come directed.For example, as shown in figure 23, hole 2322 can be set like this, its longitudinal axis (in cross section) is radially extended.Perhaps, as shown in figure 24, the longitudinal axis can depart from an angle γ with respect to radial direction and be provided with.Shown in example in, angle γ be approximately 45 the degree.Test shows, the emery wheel that adopts elongated hole to make, and with respect to the similar emery wheel of the circular port that adopts diameter to equate with the longitudinal size of long and narrow hole, its intensity increases significantly.In addition, long and narrow hole is oriented in the intensity that 45 degree angle γ also further improve wheel, will be gone through in the example below.
In addition, any above-mentioned peep hole 322,622 etc. can above with reference to Fig. 2 and 10 mistakes, and as Fig. 6,7 and 8a in tilt shown in the dotted line.Also as described above, the operation of peep hole is substantially similar to the operation of above-mentioned breach, sees workpiece so that the user can see through the hole in operating process.
The balance that keeps emery wheel when preferably selecting the quantity in all holes 322,622 etc. and position.Although provide the single peep hole and the emery wheel of shaping also might keep the balance of its rotation, preferably provide usually around the pivot center of emery wheel at interval with concerning a plurality of holes of setting desired balance of taking turns is provided.Can use any amount of hole, decide on the diameter of emery wheel and the size in hole.For example, the emery wheel that has overall diameter and be 6 inches can comprise three to six holes, and larger-diameter wheel the (that is 9 to 20 inches wheel) can comprise 10 to 20 or more a plurality of hole.By remove material on the edge of wheel, wheel can obtain dynamic balance.In the embodiment of special demonstration, peep hole can be formed in such zone, that is, and and at least 60% and zone between the edge of taking turns is at least about 2 millimeters of the columniform radius of the name that the rotation by wheel forms.
Although the present invention can implement with the emery wheel of any pattern or structure in essence, be embodied as usually ideally and be referred to as " slim emery wheel ", it comprises the abrasive grain that is included in the bonding matrix that is generally an organic resin matrix.As used herein, term " slim emery wheel " be meant its thickness t (along axis direction) be less than or equal to about 18% emery wheel of nominal columniform radius r (that is, t＜or=18%r).For example, slim emery wheel comprises thickness t from about 1/8 inch emery wheel to about 1/4 to 1/2 inch scope, according to the diameter decision of the wheel of (outermost).The example of this slim emery wheel comprises above-mentioned type 27,27A, 28,29 and the emery wheel of mixed type 27/28.For example, type 27,27A, 28,29 emery wheel are defined among the ANSI Std.B7.1-2000.As mentioned above, mixed type 27/28 emery wheel is similar to type 27 and 28, and has the axial cross section that slightly is crooked shape shown in Figure 16,18 and 19, and this will be described in detail hereinafter.
As mentioned above, the known various emery wheel manufacturing process of technical staff all can be used to and/or revise form embodiments of the invention in the present technique field.Adoptable exemplary technology is disclosed in the U.S. Patent No. 5,895,317 of authorizing Timm, and authorizes in the U.S. Patent No. 5,876,470 of Abrahamson, and this paper quotes it in full for your guidance.Now introduce the manufacturing process of some demonstrations with reference to Figure 15-21.For simplicity's sake, most of these technologies are illustrated and are described according to the manufacturing with mixed type 27/28 emery wheel of three peep holes.Yet, those skilled in the art are noted that these technologies can make amendment, and comprise the size and the shape of mould, and/or the composition of molded mixture, so that produce the emery wheel of above-mentioned any kind with above-mentioned any amount breach and/or hole.
Turn to Figure 15 and 16, the emery wheel 1510 of mixed type 27/28 can be made like this: support plate 28 is put in the mould of suitable dimension and shape, to form desired hole 1522 (Figure 15) and/or breach 1512 (shown in Figure 15 dotted line).Support plate 28 can comprise one with the center axle bush 30 of plate one, maybe can be an element that separates fixed thereon.(as shown in the figure, support plate 28 and strengthening layer 36 (Figure 18) slightly are arc in a known way.Perhaps, these parts can be the planes basically, such as the emery wheel that is used to make type 27,27A and/or type 28.) support plate 28 the hole receivability join (not shown) on the stopper that is placed in the mould to.The size of stopper and shape are in order to forming desired hole.Then, fill mould to form abrasive material 29 with desired abrasive material and binder mixtures.This mould filling step can adopt gravity fed technology to finish, and perhaps, also can use other technology such as injection molding.Then, apply heat and/or pressure.From mould, take out wheel then and deviate from the stopper and present emery wheel with desired hole 1522 and/or breach 1512.Can finish traditional all steps then such as the dynamic equilibrium of wheel.
Now turn to Figure 17 and 18, use a similar technology to make glass fiber-reinforced emery wheel.As shown in the figure, a glass fabric 36 is placed in the mould on the spot.This cloth preferably is provided with the perimeter dimensions and the shape (comprising any breach 1712 (Figure 17)) of the size and dimension of matched mold.Stopper is placed on the position in the desired hole 1722 in the mould (Figure 17).As finishing all steps thereafter as described in reference Figure 15 and 16.Layer of cloth in the hole in one or more rooms can cut so that do not stop by observing therebetween.Other has selectable way to be, layer of cloth (glass layer or similar fabric reinforcement) (for example can be crossed over one or more rooms, cross over illustrated hole 1722) extend continuously, so that structural reinforcement is provided, and simultaneously because its braiding of quite unclamping also allows the user to observe by layer of cloth simultaneously.
Turn to Figure 19, any of above-mentioned manufacture method made amendment, that is, curing the front or rear of wheel a traditional backing pad 32 that has speed locking device is applied on support plate or the enhancement Layer.
Change as another kind, can prefabricatedly have the molded center or the hub 34 (shown in Figure 20 and 21) of a glass fabric that embeds or similar enhancement Layer.This assembly can any known mode be made, and wherein, comprises molded and/or mechanical assembly manipulation.Then, hub/glass assembly can be put into mould and carry out moldedly, puts into the mixture of abrasive material/adhesive thereafter, and applies heat and pressure etc. as described above, comes molded putting in place, with formation have the hub 34 of one and strengthen abrasive material 29 ' emery wheel 2110.Be shown a traditional straight plate wheel although take turns 2110, it also can manufacture the mixed type that slightly is crooked shape cross section 27/28 emery wheel that has shown in Figure 16,18 and 19 with changing.
Although embodiments of the invention are shown by an enhancement Layer 36,36 ' make, also can use the extra play 36,36 of multilayer '.For example, one deck 36,36 ' can be arranged on inside, and another layer is arranged on the outer surface of emery wheel.Use glass fibre layer of cloth 36,36 ' situation in, should (not coated) cloth have the weight (being referred to as griege weight traditionally) in every square metre of about 160 to 320 gram (gram/square metre) scope.For example, in the situation of using one deck cloth, be about the 1/16-1/4 inch emery wheel of (being about the 2-6 millimeter), can use to have medium (230-250 gram/square metre) cloth to the griege weight of (the 320-500 gram/square metre) of heavy pound for having thickness range.Use two-layer or multilayer 36,36 ' situation in, one deck or the two-layer light weight (be about 160 grams/square metre) that is.
Below shown in all example purposes be to show some aspect of the present invention.It should be understood that these examples should not be considered to restrictive example.
Example 1
In this example, the grinding characteristic of two emery wheels compares.First emery wheel (B) is the emery wheel of a prior art, and it has the diameter of 11.4 centimetres (4.5 inches), and has a center of using in the typical prior art mode aperture is installed.Second emery wheel (A) is identical with emery wheel (B), but makes amendment according to the present invention,, removes straight bow-shaped section from periphery that is, so that the emery wheel shown in Fig. 8 a to be provided.The alumina abrasive particle of this emery wheel after by the fusing of 50 granularities is bonded in the carbolic acid resin, and is processed into the glass fabric enhancement Layer of one.
Two-wheeled adopts an Okuma ID/OD abrasive machine to estimate, they with axial feed pattern so that workpiece is presented on the wheel face rather than on the edge.
The workpiece that adopts is cylindrical 1018 mild steel, and its overall diameter is 12.7 centimetres (5 inches), and interior diameter is 11.4 centimetres (4.5 inches).End surfaces is presented on the emery wheel.Emery wheel is with 10,000 rev/mins of operations, and adopts the feed speed of 0.5 mm/min.Workpiece approximately rotates with 12 rev/mins speed.Do not adopt cooling agent, workpiece is centered in such part of emery wheel,, arranges the position of observing breach in the embodiment of the invention that is.Before test, all weigh with trailing wheel.
In order to determine reference point, workpiece is contacted with emery wheel, reach 0.22 kilogram (1 pound) up to axial force.Then, begin grinding continuously from this reference point, reach 1.98 kilograms (9 pounds) up to axial force, this power is corresponding to the end of the useful life of emery wheel.Therefore, the grinding time between reference point and the end point is considered to the useful life of emery wheel.
Result of the test is shown among Figure 11-14 with curve table.From Figure 11 as seen, produce and rise to 9 pounds normal force rapidly, this power is considered to end point, because in this, almost there is not metal to be ground, because of most abrasive material gravel grinds off or wears away, and, just reach this point widely backwards for leg-of-mutton emery wheel A through revising.This takes turns the lasting approximately twice of other emery wheel of life-span.This is counterintuitive, because more grinding skin is ground off.
In Figure 12, the power of each emery wheel is drawn as the function of time.This shows the emery wheel A with Figure 11 same types, and its power that expends reduces in the whole time period in actual grinding significantly at emery wheel.Therefore, emery wheel A needs little power and expends low power.
In Figure 13, draw the curve that each coefficient of friction of taking turns changes in time.Can see that wheel A has lowest friction coefficient.
Figure 14 compares the metal cutting amount of two-wheeled for the time.The cutting output of the A of wheel shown in the figure approximately is the twice of wheel B.
The emery wheel of demonstration is expected at least to cut in the same manner with the emery wheel of prior art according to the present invention, and such benefit is provided, and is can be in grinding in progress rather than just observe zone in grinding between two grindings.Even make in that the observation breach is provided under the situation of grinding skin amount minimizing, also can reach this effect.In addition, such advantage is improved the observation until the surface of the work at emery wheel edge, the more metal of cutting in long time period simultaneously, and expend lower power.This is not only counterintuitive but also be to have the height advantage.
Example 2
The manufacturing of the example that type 27 is taken turns shown in Figure 22,23 and 24, that is, is respectively a circular port basically, radially the elongated hole of elongated hole and inclination.Elongated hole forms the length-width ratio (ratio of length and width) that is about 2: 1 in transversal plane, that is, in transversal plane, the longitudinal size of elongated hole approximately is the twice of its lateral dimension.Release (push-out) intensity that the emery wheel of Figure 22 shows be about no peep hole traditional control wheel 80%, and the release intensity that the emery wheel of Figure 23 shows is about that traditional control of no peep hole takes turns 87%.The emery wheel that has the inclined orientation hole of Figure 24 shows 95% bigger release intensity of the traditional control wheel that is about no peep hole.Releasing intensity is to adopt habitual ANSI experimental technique condition to measure, and these technical conditions are at the center of maximum load of lateral stress, such as U.S. Patent No. 5,913, described in 994, this paper quotes this full patent texts for your guidance.Put it briefly, release the strength test that strength test comprises a traditional ring set ring, wherein, emery wheel is installed on the traditional center flange, and the edge of emery wheel is by a ring bearing.Use a traditional testing machine, one axial load is applied on the flange with the loading speed of 0.05 inch per minute clock.Begin flange imposed load from zero load, reach catastrophic destruction (for example, emery wheel breaks) up to emery wheel to emery wheel.
Example 3
Other sample manufactures mixed type 27/28 emery wheel shown in Fig. 1,3,22 and 25 (forming the cylindrical of name) basically, and its diameter is 5 inches (12.7 centimetres).Each emery wheel also comprises as shown in figure 18 a glass fibre layer of cloth 36, has to be about in the 230-250 gram/square metre scope the not griege weight of coated.The emery wheel of nine variations (modification 1-9) manufactures the thickness of 1/8 inch (3 millimeters) and the centre bore of 7/8 inch (2.2 centimetres).The modification of these emery wheels is tested its pliability and bursting strength.These result of the tests are shown in Figure 26 and the following Table I.
In these examples, emery wheel modification 1 is basically as Figure 22 manufacturing, and it has three diameters to be about the hole 2222 of the equidistant intervals of 3/4 inch (1.9 centimetres), and extend near being no more than be about 3/8 inch away from emery wheel edge (0.9 centimetre) in the hole.Emery wheel modification 2 is substantially similar to emery wheel modification 1, and its hole is about 3/8 inch (0.9 centimetre).Emery wheel modification 3 is substantially similar to emery wheel modification 1, and the hole 2222 with six equidistant intervals.Emery wheel modification 4 is substantially similar to emery wheel modification 1, and has all slits 112 to replace all holes (as shown in Figure 1).These slits 112 that inwardly radially extend about 7/8 inch (2.2 centimetres) from the edge have the width that is about 3/8 inch (0.95 centimetre).Emery wheel modification 5 is substantially similar to emery wheel modification 4, and has the slit 112 that width is about 3/4 inch (1.9 centimetres).Emery wheel modification 6 is substantially similar to emery wheel modification 5, and the slit 112 with six equidistant intervals.Emery wheel modification 7 is substantially similar to emery wheel modification 1 (comprising three holes), and the edge of the scalloped shaped that is provided by breach 312 as shown in Figure 3 is provided.Emery wheel modification 8 is traditional prior art emery wheels, is substantially similar to emery wheel modification 1 but atresia 2222.Emery wheel modification 9 is substantially similar to emery wheel modification 2, and has 8 holes that separate along the ring of as shown in figure 25 discrete off-centre, and they are existing the description in above-mentioned ' 478 applications.Three emery wheels of manufacturing and each modification of side-looking 1-9.
The pliability of each wheel is by above-mentioned ' described test of 478 applications, it is on 15 millimeters the flange that emery wheel is installed in radius, when a probe (contact tip) with 5 millimeters radiuses when 47 millimeters away from emery wheel center places apply 20 newton's load to the emery wheel that remains static be, when in axial direction manifesting strain (in millimeter), determine its pliability.(distortion is similarly measured 47 millimeters away from emery wheel center be radial position place.) volume of each emery wheel can try to achieve divided by the density (2.54 gram/cubic centimetre) of emery wheel material by its weight.Volume and the pliability of each emery wheel modification 1-9 are shown in following Table I.
The Table I amount of deflection
| Weight (gram) | Average weight | Standard deviation | The emery wheel volume | Standard deviation | Amount of deflection (measured value) | Standard deviation | |
| ??1 | ????86 | ????88.9 | ????2.6 | ????35.0 | ????1.0 | ????2.67 | ????0.4 |
| ????90.9 | |||||||
| ????89.7 | |||||||
| ??2 | ????91.1 | ????91.1 | ????2.2 | ????35.9 | ????0.9 | ????3.67 | ????0.3 |
| ????88.9 | |||||||
| ????93.3 | |||||||
| ??3 | ????79.6 | ????79.3 | ????0.7 | ????31.2 | ????0.3 | ????4.50 | ????0.7 |
| ????79.9 | |||||||
| ????78.5 | |||||||
| ??4 | ????82.1 | ????82.7 | ????1.9 | ????32.6 | ????0.7 | ????3.50 | ????0.7 |
| ????84.8 | |||||||
| ????81.2 | |||||||
| ??5 | ????84.5 | ????86.7 | ????1.9 | ????34.1 | ????0.7 | ????2.94 | ????0.5 |
| ????87.5 | |||||||
| ????88 | |||||||
| ??6 | ????68.5 | ????66.3 | ????2.3 | ????26.1 | ????0.9 | ????5.94 | ????0.8 |
| ????64 | |||||||
| ????66.3 | |||||||
| ??7 | ????77.4 | ????78.7 | ????1.2 | ????31.0 | ????0.5 | ????4.11 | ????0.3 |
| ????79.4 | |||||||
| ????79.4 | |||||||
| ??8 | ????97.4 | ????94.2 | ????2.9 | ????37.1 | ????1.2 | ????3.22 | ????0.2 |
| ????91.6 | |||||||
| ????93.7 | |||||||
| ??9 | ????88 | ????89 | ????0.9 | ????35.0 | ????0.3 | ????3.78 | ????0.6 |
| ????89.3 | |||||||
| ????89.7 |
These result of the tests show that embodiments of the invention advantageously generate such size and dimension: (that is, the room) combined volume accounts for the percentage of emery wheel cumulative volume, remains on approximately below 25%, preferably is maintained at about in the scope of 3-20% for hole and/or breach.(for simplicity, this volume or percent by volume are referred to as room volume or room percent by volume hereinafter respectively.)
The emery wheel modification of each test except modification 6, all manifests a room percent by volume that is about below 25%.The room percent by volume that emery wheel modification 6 manifests is in 25 to 34% scope.The room percent by volume is to try to achieve like this: deduct the volume of each emery wheel modification 1-7 and 9 from the cumulative volume of each emery wheel, then, the gained result multiply by 100 again divided by the cumulative volume of each emery wheel.The cumulative volume of each emery wheel is meant the volume without any the emery wheel in room, that is, and and the columniform volume of the name that in rotation process, forms by each emery wheel.For convenience's sake, the volume of traditional emery wheel modification 8 (modification of not having any room) is used as cumulative volume in the room volume calculates.
Advantageously the room percent by volume is remained on approximately below 25%, the pliability that helps to keep emery wheel is at about 5 millimeters or littler, so that the grinding action of face.Specific embodiments of the present invention shows the pliability in about 1-5 millimeter scope, points out as above-mentioned result of the test, and other embodiment shows the pliability in about 2-5 millimeter scope.
Two emery wheels in each emery wheel modification also carry out burst test, make the rotating speed that they stand to continue to increase (rev/min), destroy up to emery wheel.These result of the tests are shown among Figure 26.
Preferably, this test shows that all emery wheel modification show and are at least about 21,000 rev/mins burst speed, or about 27,500 surface feet of per minute " sfpm " (per second 140 surface rice " SMPS ").SFPM and SMPS by under establish an equation (1) and (2) provide:
(1) revolution of SFPM=0.262 * grinding wheel diameter (inch) * per minute
(2)SMPS＝SFPM/196.85
This aspect advantageously makes embodiments of the invention manufacture the emery wheel of the mixed type 27/28 of 5 inch diameters, and for use in the operation of hand-held abrasive machine, hand-held abrasive machine is operated under 16,000 rev/mins maximal rate usually.
These result of the tests also show (for example, modification 3 and modification 4 and 7 are relatively), and the way that some room volume at least is arranged on relatively near the periphery of emery wheel is favourable, for example, some breach or slit at least is set.This also can be by in the aforementioned range of above-mentioned radial position (that is, in 60% and a zone between the edge of emery wheel is at least about 2 millimeters of nominal cylinder radius), and realize in the hole of layout any kind.
Above description purpose mainly is explanation, although the present invention illustrates and describes with reference to the embodiment of its demonstration, but those skilled in the art should be understood that, under the premise without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, of the present invention in form and can make above-mentioned and various other variations on the details, ignore and add.
Claims (50)
1. one kind is operatively rotated to grind off the emery wheel of material from workpiece around its axis, and described emery wheel comprises:
One installs aperture;
One comprises the matrix of abrasive grain;
One periphery, it forms the cylindrical of a name in the process of operation;
At least one extends axially the room of passing matrix, and wherein, in the rotary course of operation, the room forms the window of a name, can observe workpiece by it;
Emery wheel is monomer basically; And
Emery wheel has the pliability that in axial direction is about 1-5 millimeter scope in response to 20 newton's that axially apply load.
2. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that pliability is in the scope of about 2-5 millimeter.
3. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises a room volume of 25% less than the columniform volume of name.
4. emery wheel as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the room volume is in the scope of 3-20%.
5. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the room comprises the unobstructed breach that at least one inwardly radially extends from the columniform periphery of name.
6. emery wheel as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that the room comprises at least one peep hole.
7. emery wheel as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, peep hole is arranged in the zone, this zone by nominal cylinder radius at least 60% and be at least 2 millimeters away from edge of emery wheel institutes limit.
8. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises being arranged on the described interior hub of matrix that comprises abrasive grain integratedly.
9. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described matrix that comprises abrasive grain is an organic binder material.
10. emery wheel as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the described matrix that comprises abrasive grain is the inorganic bond agent material.
11. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described matrix that comprises abrasive grain also comprises the reinforcing section of one.
12. emery wheel as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, reinforcing section comprises the fibrous material that is dispersed in the described matrix that comprises abrasive grain.
13. emery wheel as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, fibrous material comprises a layer of cloth.
14. emery wheel as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, fibrous material comprises the layer of cloth of multilayer.
15. emery wheel as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, comprises that also one is fixed to the hub on the layer of cloth.
16. emery wheel as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that layer of cloth strides across the room and extends.
17. emery wheel as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described layer of cloth comprises a glass layer, and it has the griege weight in the scope of every square metre of 160-500 gram.
18. emery wheel as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, described enhancement Layer comprises a support plate.
19. emery wheel as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described breach is symmetrical.
20. emery wheel as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described breach takes the shape of the letter U.
21. emery wheel as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described breach semicircular in shape.
22. emery wheel as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described breach is asymmetric.
23. emery wheel as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that, described breach comprises a trailing edge, and the angle of the hithermost tangent line that it is round with respect to described name is less than the angle of the preceding limb of described breach.
24. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described room is to tilt with respect to axis direction.
25. emery wheel as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, the preceding limb in described room is arranged to press from both sides an acute angle with respect to the adjacent part of the load-bearing surface of the described matrix that comprises abrasive grain.
26. emery wheel as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, the trailing edge in described room is arranged to press from both sides an obtuse angle with respect to the adjacent part of load-bearing surface.
27. emery wheel as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described breach comprises a bow-shaped section of described name circle.
28. emery wheel as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described bow-shaped section is crooked shape basically along the edge except that nominal columniform edge.
29. emery wheel as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that, described bow-shaped section along its edge basically linearly.
30. emery wheel as claimed in claim 29 is characterized in that, a string of the described name circle of one side cause of described bow-shaped section forms.
31. emery wheel as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, also comprises a plurality of breach that are provided with in spaced relation along nominal columniform edge.
32. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described matrix that comprises abrasive grain comprises a straight grinding face.
33. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the room comprises that at least one extends through its peep hole.
34. emery wheel as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described hole is rounded on cross section.
35. emery wheel as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described hole tilts with respect to axis direction.
36. emery wheel as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, also comprises a plurality of holes that are provided with in spaced relation around described emery wheel.
37. emery wheel as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described hole is arranged in the zone, this zone by nominal cylinder radius at least 60% and be at least 2 millimeters away from edge of emery wheel institutes limit.
38. emery wheel as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, it is microscler that described hole is in cross section, and wherein, described hole has a longitudinal axis.
39. emery wheel as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, described longitudinal axis extends along the radius of described emery wheel.
40. emery wheel as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, described longitudinal axis is with respect to the oblique setting of the radius of described emery wheel.
41. emery wheel as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described longitudinal axis is with respect to the about miter angle setting of radius folder of described emery wheel.
42. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, is processed into an emery wheel that is selected from following cohort: type 27, type 27A, type 28, mixed type 27/28, and the emery wheel of type 29.
43. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, has the per minute of being at least 27,500 surface feet, is the burst speed of per second 140 surface rice.
44. a method of making emery wheel, described emery wheel operatively rotates to grind off material from workpiece around its axis, and described method comprises:
(1) provides a matrix that comprises abrasive grain;
(2) matrix is formed in the emery wheel;
(3) form the room that at least one extends through matrix vertically, wherein, in operating process, the room forms a nominal window, can see workpiece by this window;
(4) emery wheel is formed a monomer; And
(5) sizing, be shaped and make emery wheel, so that emery wheel in response to 20 newton's that apply axial load, has the pliability of 1-5 millimeter scope along axis direction.
45. one kind is used for operatively rotating to grind off the emery wheel of material from workpiece, described emery wheel comprises:
One installs aperture;
One comprises the matrix of abrasive grain;
One periphery, it forms one nominal cylindrical in the operation rotary course;
A plurality of rooms that extend through matrix vertically, wherein, in the operation rotary course, the room forms can see the nominal window of workpiece by it;
All rooms comprise at least one peep hole and the unobstructed breach that at least one inwardly radially extends from the columniform periphery of name; And
Emery wheel is monomer basically.
46. emery wheel as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that, emery wheel has the pliability of 1-5 millimeter scope in response to 20 newton's that apply axial load along axis direction.
47. emery wheel as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that, pliability is in the scope of about 2-5 millimeter.
48. emery wheel as claimed in claim 45 is characterized in that, also comprises a room volume of about 25% less than the cylindrical volume of name.
49. emery wheel as claimed in claim 48 is characterized in that, the room volume is in the scope of about 3-20%.
50. emery wheel as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the cylindrical thickness that has along axis direction of name, and it is less than or equal to about 18% of cylinder radius.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US25447800P | 2000-12-09 | 2000-12-09 | |
| US60/254,478 | 2000-12-09 | ||
| US09/796,941 | 2001-03-02 | ||
| US09/796,941 US6846223B2 (en) | 2000-12-09 | 2001-03-02 | Abrasive wheels with workpiece vision feature |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1486232A true CN1486232A (en) | 2004-03-31 |
| CN100402238C CN100402238C (en) | 2008-07-16 |
Family
ID=26944076
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB01822041XA Expired - Fee Related CN100402238C (en) | 2000-12-09 | 2001-11-14 | Abrasive wheels with workpiece vision feature |
Country Status (22)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6846223B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1463608B1 (en) |
| JP (3) | JP2004527384A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100540863B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100402238C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR035606A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE550145T1 (en) |
| AU (2) | AU2002216693B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0116469B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2430773C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ20031613A3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1463608T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2384511T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU229209B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03005064A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO328161B1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ526238A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL202922B1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1463608E (en) |
| RO (1) | RO122484B1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW496816B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002045908A1 (en) |
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| CN102554809A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-11 | 圣戈班磨料磨具(上海)有限公司 | Grinding wheel with inspection windows |
| CN103742624A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-04-23 | 太仓斯普宁精密机械有限公司 | Cam convenient to remove sweeps |
| CN109834602A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-06-04 | 卓士豪 | A kind of cutting sheet |
| CN109890567A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2019-06-14 | 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 | Abrasive article and its forming method with multiple portions |
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- 2001-11-14 JP JP2002547674A patent/JP2004527384A/en active Pending
- 2001-11-14 HU HU0302584A patent/HU229209B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-14 ES ES01275139T patent/ES2384511T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-14 KR KR1020037007564A patent/KR100540863B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-14 CN CNB01822041XA patent/CN100402238C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-14 AU AU2002216693A patent/AU2002216693B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-11-14 EP EP01275139A patent/EP1463608B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-14 NZ NZ526238A patent/NZ526238A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-14 DK DK01275139.2T patent/DK1463608T3/en active
- 2001-11-14 BR BRPI0116469-4A patent/BR0116469B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-14 MX MXPA03005064A patent/MXPA03005064A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-11-14 PT PT01275139T patent/PT1463608E/en unknown
- 2001-11-14 AU AU1669302A patent/AU1669302A/en active Pending
- 2001-11-14 CA CA002430773A patent/CA2430773C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-14 CZ CZ20031613A patent/CZ20031613A3/en unknown
- 2001-11-14 AT AT01275139T patent/ATE550145T1/en active
- 2001-11-14 WO PCT/US2001/043545 patent/WO2002045908A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-11-14 PL PL365859A patent/PL202922B1/en unknown
- 2001-11-14 RO ROA200300498A patent/RO122484B1/en unknown
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- 2001-12-07 AR ARP010105689A patent/AR035606A1/en active IP Right Grant
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- 2003-06-06 NO NO20032578A patent/NO328161B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101437654B (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2012-02-22 | 德国Lukas-Erzett磨料磨具有限公司 | Grinding lamella and grinding disk comprising the same |
| US8360830B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2013-01-29 | Lukas-Erzett Vereinigte Schleif-und Fräswerkzeugfabriken GmbH & Co. KG | Grinding lamella and grinding wheel holding same |
| CN102554809A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-11 | 圣戈班磨料磨具(上海)有限公司 | Grinding wheel with inspection windows |
| CN102554809B (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2015-02-04 | 圣戈班磨料磨具(上海)有限公司 | Grinding wheel with inspection windows |
| CN103742624A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-04-23 | 太仓斯普宁精密机械有限公司 | Cam convenient to remove sweeps |
| CN109890567A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2019-06-14 | 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 | Abrasive article and its forming method with multiple portions |
| US11059148B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2021-07-13 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive articles having a plurality of portions and methods for forming same |
| US11583977B2 (en) | 2016-09-09 | 2023-02-21 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive articles having a plurality of portions and methods for forming same |
| CN109834602A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-06-04 | 卓士豪 | A kind of cutting sheet |
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