CN204237750U - A kind of time controlled type steady power ultrasonic breaking emulsion and dewatering and reducing thick oil viscosity device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a time-controlled stable power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device, which comprises an ultrasonic power control cabinet, an ultrasonic transducer and a tank body; the ultrasonic power control cabinet contains several ultrasonic power sources, and passes through The special ultrasonic cables are connected with the ultrasonic transducers in one-to-one correspondence, and the power output of the ultrasonic transducers is stabilized through time control to ensure the continuous effectiveness of demulsification and dehydration or viscosity reduction; the ultrasonic transducers are designed according to the design requirements The installation is arranged in the tank body to ensure the balanced and effective distribution of ultrasonic waves in the tank body. The utility model utilizes the single action of ultrasonic waves or the joint action of demulsifiers, which can achieve better demulsification and dehydration effect than that of single demulsifier process, saving the cost of demulsification dehydration; the single action of ultrasonic waves or the joint action of viscosity reducers , can achieve a better viscosity reduction effect on heavy oil than the single viscosity reducer process, saving the cost of viscosity reduction.

Description

A time-controlled stable power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a time-controlled stable power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device.

Background technique

Crude oil demulsification and dehydration methods mainly include heating sedimentation, demulsifier, electric dehydration and other methods, usually these three methods or two of them are used in combination. However, with the in-depth development of oil fields and the application of various new oil recovery technologies, especially the use of chemical methods in tertiary oil recovery, the chemical composition and emulsion structure of crude oil are becoming more and more complex, and the difficulty of demulsification and dehydration of crude oil is becoming more and more difficult. It is difficult to achieve oil-water separation for these complex emulsified oils by using the above-mentioned traditional methods; in addition, heavy oils containing colloids or asphaltene, acidified oils, aged oils, etc. It is also difficult to demulsify and dehydrate by conventional methods. Research at home and abroad has shown that ultrasonic demulsification is a very effective method to strengthen crude oil dehydration. Ultrasonic demulsification is realized based on the displacement effect produced by ultrasonic waves acting on fluid media with different properties. Due to the existence of the displacement effect, the water particles in the emulsion will continuously move to antinodes or nodes, accumulate and collide, forming diameter Larger water droplets, due to the difference in density, the water droplets will settle and separate from the oil by gravity to achieve the purpose of dehydration. Due to the good conductivity of ultrasonic waves in liquids, this method is suitable for various types of crude oil emulsions.

Heavy oil has high viscosity and poor fluidity, which causes difficulties in heavy oil production and transportation. Therefore, viscosity reduction is a key issue in heavy oil production and transportation. For ground transportation, conventional viscosity reduction methods include heating, diluting, and using chemical agents such as viscosity reducers, pour point depressants, and drag reducers. The above methods have their own characteristics and limitations. The main problems are high energy consumption, high cost, and unstable effect: mixing thin oil will result in a large amount of thin oil, large investment, high cost, and heavy management workload. Thin oil will change their physical properties; mixing hot water will consume a lot of fuel, and dehydration after mixing with water will increase the production cost; the use of chemical agents, one is the problem of agent selection. The sticking effect is not obvious or unstable. Second, after adding a large amount of chemical agents, it is more difficult to treat subsequent crude oil and sewage, and pollution problems will occur. Ultrasonic viscosity reduction technology is a new technology developed rapidly in recent years. Vibration, cavitation and thermal effects of ultrasonic waves can effectively reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. When ultrasonic waves act alone, the viscosity reduction rate is generally 25-50%, and when ultrasonic waves and surfactants act together, the viscosity reduction rate can reach as high as 70-80%. Ultrasonic viscosity reduction method has the characteristics of less investment, low cost, quick effect and high benefit, and is an effective method for transporting heavy oil at relatively low temperature.

Utility model content

The purpose of the embodiment of the utility model is to provide a time-controlled stable power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device, which aims to solve the difficulty of demulsification and dehydration of crude oil existing in the existing methods of demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction Large, difficult oil-water separation, high cost, and high energy consumption.

The embodiment of the utility model is achieved in this way, a time-controlled constant power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device, the time-controlled constant power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device includes: ultrasonic power supply A control cabinet, an ultrasonic transducer, and an ultrasonic cable; the ultrasonic power supply control cabinet is connected to the ultrasonic transducer through an ultrasonic cable.

Further, the time-controlled stable power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device also includes: tank body, crude oil inlet, sewage outlet, inspection port, crude oil outlet;

Ultrasonic transducers are arranged and installed in the tank body at a certain distance and mutual angle. The main part of the transducer (that is, the sounding part) is in the tank body, and the outlet end is fixed on the tank wall through flange installation. The crude oil inlet is installed on the upper left of the tank body, the crude oil outlet is installed on the lower right side of the tank body, the sewage outlet is installed on the left side of the crude oil outlet, and the inspection port is installed in the middle above the tank body.

Further, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 20Khz-24Khz.

Further, the time for ultrasonic demulsification and dehydration is 12 minutes to 30 minutes.

Further, the time for ultrasonic viscosity reduction is 5 minutes to 30 minutes.

The time-controlled stable power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device provided by the utility model is connected with the ultrasonic transducer one by one through a special ultrasonic cable, and the stable power output of the transducer is realized through time control. Constant chemical to ensure the continuous effectiveness of demulsification and dehydration or viscosity reduction; the ultrasonic transducers are installed and arranged in the tank according to the design requirements to ensure the balanced and effective distribution of ultrasonic waves in the tank;

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of:

1. Compared with the existing domestic ultrasonic demulsification and dehydration or ultrasonic viscosity reduction technology, the utility model adopts time control technology, which can keep the required ultrasonic power in a stable state without attenuation, so as to ensure demulsification Dehydration or heavy oil viscosity reduction is continuously effective; at the same time, it can ensure that the failure rate of the ultrasonic transducer is greatly reduced, and the normal production of the oil field is guaranteed.

2. After ultrasonic treatment, the dehydration rate of crude oil is increased, the dehydration speed is obviously accelerated, the oil content in the extracted water is reduced, and the water content in the crude oil after dehydration is reduced. at the same time. Because ultrasonic waves strengthen the effect of demulsifiers, the use of demulsifiers can be reduced or even stopped. That is to say, after adopting ultrasonic demulsification and dehydration technology, the dehydration effect of crude oil can reach the export standard while greatly reducing the amount of demulsifiers; If the original combination of chemical demulsification and electric dehydration treatment process, the use of ultrasonic technology can not only reduce or stop using the demulsifier, but also reduce the current of the electric dehydration device, stabilize the operation of the electric dehydration device, reduce the trip frequency, and make The dehydration effect of crude oil reaches the export standard. In addition, since the oil content in the extracted water is significantly less, the cost of sewage treatment at sewage stations can be effectively reduced. Therefore, ultrasonic demulsification and dehydration technology is a technology with good technical effect, obvious energy saving and environmental protection.

3. The mechanical, thermal and cavitation effects of ultrasonic waves can reduce the viscosity of crude oil and increase fluidity, thereby reducing the temperature of crude oil transportation, greatly saving the consumption of natural gas or crude oil for heating, and achieving the goal of improving transmission efficiency and saving energy. Purpose. After ultrasonic treatment, the kinematic viscosity of crude oil is reduced, and the frictional resistance of transportation is reduced, which can greatly increase the number of unheated gathering and transportation wells, greatly reduce the amount of water mixed, and save energy; it can reduce the amount of thin oil mixed in the process of gathering and transportation, saving thin oil resources; it can improve the efficiency of the gathering and transportation system and reduce the power consumption of the oil transportation pump. Ultrasonic viscosity reduction technology has no pollution to the environment, simple process technology, easy operation and management, which is conducive to safe production and improves the modernization level of oilfield production.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the time-controlled stable power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device provided by the embodiment of the utility model;

In the figure: 1. Ultrasonic power supply control cabinet; 2. Ultrasonic transducer; 3. Ultrasonic cable; 4. Tank body; 5. Crude oil import; 6. Sewage outlet; 7. Inspection port; 8. Crude oil export.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model clearer, the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the utility model, and are not intended to limit the utility model.

The application principle of the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the time-controlled stable power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device of the embodiment of the utility model mainly includes: ultrasonic power supply control cabinet 1, ultrasonic transducer 2, ultrasonic cable 3, tank body 4 , crude oil import 5, sewage outlet 6, inspection port 7, crude oil export 8;

The ultrasonic power supply control cabinet 1 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 2 through the ultrasonic cable 3, and the ultrasonic transducers 2 are arranged and installed in the tank according to a certain distance and mutual angle. The outlet end is installed and fixed on the tank wall through the flange, the crude oil inlet 5 is arranged on the upper left of the tank body 4, the crude oil outlet 8 is installed on the lower right side of the tank body 4, the sewage outlet 6 is installed on the left side of the crude oil outlet 8, and the inspection port 7 is installed in the middle position above tank body 4.

The ultrasonic transducers are arranged and installed in the tank according to a certain distance and mutual angle. The main part of the ultrasonic transducer (that is, the sounding part) is in the tank, and the outlet end is fixed on the tank wall through the flange.

The ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic transducer 2 is 20Khz～24Khz;

The time for crude oil to flow through the tank, that is, the time for ultrasonic demulsification and dehydration is 12 minutes to 30 minutes;

When used for viscosity reduction of heavy oil, the time for crude oil to flow through the tank, that is, the time for ultrasonic viscosity reduction, is 5 minutes to 30 minutes.

Specific case:

An oilfield joint station of Sinopec processes 15,000m ³ /day of crude oil. The crude oil has high water content, with an average water content of 90%. After the free water is separated by a three-phase separator, the water content drops to (average) 39%. The average liquid volume is 3600m ³ /day. Because the crude oil contains compounds of various components, the emulsification of the crude oil is serious, which makes it difficult to dehydrate the emulsified water. In the original process, the crude oil is heated to 80°C and 300ppm of demulsifier is added. After 24 hours of settlement, the water content of the crude oil is 0.5-3.5%, and the number of days that fail to meet the export requirement of 0.5% water content exceeds 10 days per month. According to the working conditions on site, a set of ultrasonic demulsification and dehydration device is installed behind the heating furnace.

The main body of the device is composed of ultrasonic power supply cabinets (4 in total, each containing 4 power supplies, 16 power supplies in total), and ultrasonic transducers (16 in total). The transducers are installed in the tank and connected to the ultrasonic power cabinet through ultrasonic cables; the transducers are divided into 4 rows, 4 in each row, 2 at the upper end at 135°, and 2 at the lower end at 135°, symmetrical up and down; the volume of the tank is 50m ^3. Ultrasonic treatment time is 20min. After the ultrasonic demulsification and dehydration device is added to the process, the moisture content of the exported crude oil is lower than 0.5% under the condition that the heating temperature and demulsifier dosage remain unchanged; without changing the heating temperature, the demulsifier dosage is reduced to 200ppm, the water content of crude oil exported is 0.2-0.6%, and the number of days that cannot meet the export requirement of 0.5% water content is only 1 day per month. It shows that the ultrasonic device improves the dehydration rate of crude oil and the compliance rate of the water content of crude oil exported, and can reduce the use of chemical demulsifiers, saving the production cost of demulsification and dehydration.

Working principle of the utility model:

The utility model includes an ultrasonic power supply control cabinet, an ultrasonic transducer and a tank body; the ultrasonic power supply control cabinet contains several ultrasonic power supplies, and is connected with the ultrasonic transducers one by one through special ultrasonic cables, and the ultrasonic transducer is realized through time control. The stability of the power output of the transducer ensures the continuous effectiveness of demulsification and dehydration or viscosity reduction; the ultrasonic transducers are installed and arranged in the tank according to the design requirements to ensure the balanced and effective distribution of ultrasonic waves in the tank; the utility model Using ultrasonic wave alone or in combination with demulsifier can achieve better demulsification and dehydration effect than that of single demulsifier process, and can save the cost of demulsification dehydration; the utility model uses ultrasonic wave alone or in combination with viscosity reducer It can achieve a better viscosity reduction effect on heavy oil than the single viscosity reducer process, and can save the cost of viscosity reduction.

As a preference, the utility model realizes the stabilization of the power output of the transducer through time control, but the time control mode of demulsification and dehydration is different from the time control mode of heavy oil viscosity reduction.

As a preference, the volume of the tank body in the present invention should be calculated and designed according to the crude oil processing capacity and the ultrasonic action time.

As a preference, the utility model can be used not only for demulsification and dehydration of crude oil, but also for viscosity reduction transportation of heavy oil, but demulsification dehydration and viscosity reduction require different ultrasonic power, frequency and action time. , or the same for heavy oil viscosity reduction, crude oil in different blocks requires different ultrasonic power, frequency and action time.

Referring to Fig. 1, a time-controlled stable power ultrasonic demulsification dehydration and heavy oil viscosity reduction device is characterized in that it includes an ultrasonic power control cabinet 1, an ultrasonic transducer 2 and a tank body 4; the ultrasonic power control cabinet 1 Contains several ultrasonic power sources, and is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 2 one by one through special ultrasonic cables 3, and the power output of the transducer is stabilized by time control to ensure the continuous demulsification and dehydration or viscosity reduction effectiveness.

The ultrasonic transducers 2 are installed and arranged in the tank body 4 according to design requirements, so as to ensure the balanced and effective distribution of ultrasonic waves in the tank body 4 .

The utility model uses the ultrasonic wave alone or in combination with the demulsifier to obtain a better demulsification and dehydration effect than the single demulsifier process, and can save the cost of demulsification and dehydration; the utility model uses the ultrasonic wave alone or combined with the viscosity reduction The combined effect of the agent can achieve a better viscosity reduction effect on heavy oil than that of a single viscosity reducer process, and can save the cost of viscosity reduction. Demulsifier or viscosity reducer is added at the dosing point shown in Figure 1.

The crude oil that needs to be demulsified and dehydrated or the heavy oil that needs to be reduced in viscosity enters the tank body 4 equipped with the ultrasonic transducer 2 from the inlet 5 of the utility model device, and flows out from the outlet 8 of the device after ultrasonic treatment for a certain period of time; There is a certain amount of sludge and solid matter in it, so after a period of time, sewage treatment is required, and the sludge and solid matter are discharged from the sewage outlet 6; in addition, 7 is an inspection port.

The ultrasonic frequency used in the utility model is 20-24Khz.

When the utility model is used for demulsification and dehydration of crude oil, the time for the crude oil to flow through the tank (i.e., the time for ultrasonic demulsification and dehydration) is 12 to 30 minutes. All are factors that affect the demulsification and dehydration time.

When the utility model is used for viscosity reduction of heavy oil, the time for the crude oil to flow through the tank (ie ultrasonic viscosity reduction time) is 5-30 minutes, the initial viscosity of the heavy oil, the temperature of the heavy oil, the water content of the heavy oil, and the viscosity reducing Dosing amount and so on are factors that affect the viscosity reduction time.

The mechanism of ultrasonic demulsification and dehydration is: 1) Mechanical vibration promotes the aggregation of water particles. After the ultrasonic wave acts on the oil-water emulsion, due to the different physical properties of the oil and water, the response to the ultrasonic wave is different, and the phenomenon that the oil and water particles gather separately, which is called the "displacement effect". Due to the existence of the displacement effect, the particles in the emulsion Water particles will continue to move to the antinode or node, accumulate and collide, forming water droplets with larger diameters. Due to the difference in density, the water droplets will settle and separate from the oil by gravity to achieve the purpose of dehydration. 2) The combination of high-frequency vibration and displacement effect generated by ultrasonic waves can effectively destroy the emulsified structure of crude oil and directly rupture the oil-water interface film. This is the "emulsification effect" of ultrasonic waves. 3) Mechanical vibration can disperse natural emulsifiers such as paraffin, colloid, and asphaltene in crude oil evenly, increase their solubility, reduce the mechanical strength of the oil-water interface film, and facilitate the settlement and separation of water phase; 4) thermal action can Reduce oil, water interface film strength and crude oil viscosity. On the one hand, boundary friction increases the temperature of the oil-water interface, which is conducive to the rupture of the interfacial film; on the other hand, crude oil absorbs part of the sound energy and converts it into heat energy, which can reduce the viscosity of crude oil and facilitate the sedimentation and separation of water.

The mechanism of ultrasonic viscosity reduction for heavy oil is: (1) The high temperature, high pressure and high-speed micro-jet generated by the ultrasonic cavitation effect act on the macromolecular clusters in crude oil, causing the asphaltene macromolecular clusters to be destroyed and disintegrated, fully broken, and Partially emulsified; at the same time, the gas bubbles will produce mechanical shear on the crude oil during the annihilation movement, and these effects will have a good effect on reducing the viscosity and pour point of the crude oil. (2) The mechanical vibration of ultrasonic waves can accelerate the relative movement between smaller molecules in crude oil and large inert macromolecular chains, thereby increasing the friction between them. When this friction force is large enough, it can break the C-C bond, break and break the asphaltene macromolecular chain and long-chain paraffin molecular chain, and play the role of reducing viscosity and preventing wax. (3) At the interface between the crude oil and the pipe wall, due to the huge difference in vibration velocity, friction occurs between the crude oil and the pipe wall. The local high temperature generated by this boundary friction and the ultrasonic thermal effect generated by cavitation make the temperature of the crude oil As the temperature rises, the molecular motion intensifies, which can reduce the viscosity and freezing point of crude oil. (4) Under the action of ultrasonic waves, the conductivity and surface tension of the medium decrease, and the affinity between molecules, molecules and oil pipelines weakens, which is beneficial to reduce the viscosity of crude oil and increase the fluidity of crude oil.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included in this utility model. within the scope of protection of utility models.

Claims (2)

1. time controlled type steady power ultrasonic breaking emulsion and dewatering and a reducing thick oil viscosity device, is characterized in that, this time controlled type steady power ultrasonic breaking emulsion and dewatering and reducing thick oil viscosity device comprise: ultrasonic power housing, ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic wave cable; Ultrasonic power housing, containing some roads ultrasonic power, is connected one to one by ultrasonic wave cable and the ultrasonic transducer be arranged in tank body.

2. time controlled type steady power ultrasonic breaking emulsion and dewatering as claimed in claim 1 and reducing thick oil viscosity device, it is characterized in that, this time controlled type steady power ultrasonic breaking emulsion and dewatering and reducing thick oil viscosity device also comprise: tank body, crude oil import, sewage draining exit, access hole, crude exports;

Ultrasonic transducer arrangement is arranged in tank body, the audible segment of ultrasonic transducer is in tank body, and leading-out terminal is fixed on tank skin by flange, crude oil import is arranged on the upper left side of tank body, crude exports are arranged on the lower right of tank body, sewage draining exit is arranged on the left side of crude exports, and access hole is arranged on the mid-way above tank body.