CN204252208U - The equipment of water is collected from surrounding air - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to air water-intaking technical field, relate more specifically to the equipment collecting water from surrounding air using solid moisture absorbent, mainly comprise moisture absorption unit, heater, condenser, described moisture absorption unit connects described heater and described condenser respectively, and the heating being arranged as described heater impels gas to circulate between described moisture absorption unit and the heating face of described heater, the heat provided by heater by circulating current passes to moisture absorption unit, make its desorb produce steam, then steam is aqueous water in condenser condenses.The device structure collecting water from surrounding air of the present utility model is simple and can reach higher producing water ratio.

Description

Devices that collect water from ambient air

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of air water intake, in particular to a device for collecting water from ambient air using a solid hygroscopic agent.

Background technique

    Water scarcity is one of the problems faced by many regions. Therefore, researchers have explored various water intake technologies, including collecting moisture from humid air (Geng Haoqing et al., Research Progress in Air Water Intake Technology, Advances in Chemical Industry, 2011, No. 8; Luo Jijie et al., Research and Application of Air Water Intake Equipment for Field Operations , HVAC, 2004, Issue 4). These topics have achieved a lot of research results. For example, between 2008 and 2013, there were more than 300 Chinese patent publications belonging to the IPC classification number E03B 3/28 (Water Intake Technology – Moisturized Air as Water Source). In particular, air water extraction technology using solid hygroscopic agents has received attention, and this technology includes the following three basic steps:

  Step 1: Absorb air moisture with a hygroscopic agent;

  Step 2: Heat the moisture absorbent to desorb the water;

  Step 3: Collect the desorbed water.

Among them, the second step is the key of this technology. The prior art is divided into four types for discussion according to the different heating methods in the second step:

Heating method 1: The hygroscopic agent is placed in a transparent container, and the hygroscopic agent is heated by solar radiation.

Patent CN2218770Y "Solar Air Water Fetcher" by Qiao Li of University of Science and Technology of China, etc., CN1131358C "Solar Adsorption Air Water Fetcher" by Wang Ruzhu of Shanghai Jiaotong University, etc., patent application publication CN101906799A "A Solar Adsorption Air Water Fetcher" by Zhao Huizhong, Shanghai University of Science and Technology, etc. Water pipe", the international publication WO2005/116349 "Method for extracting water from air, and device therefore" of Kangyou Japan Co., Ltd., the international publication WO96/09443 "A method and a device for recovering water from a humid" of Norwegian researcher P.K. Krumsvik atmosphere”, S.A. Petrov’s Russian patent RU2230858 “Method of preparation of water from atmospheric air in arid regions by use of solar energy” and A. Beil’s German patent DE1010798 “Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wassergewinnung” are representative technologies. Solar energy is clean energy, the use of solar energy neither consumes fossil fuels nor emits pollutants. Therefore, the prior art of this subject has mostly adopted solar heating. However, the way solar radiation heats has the following problems:

(1) Uneven heating: The surface of the moisture absorbent bed exposed to sunlight can be heated quickly, while the moisture absorbent not exposed to sunlight, especially the inside of the bed, heats up slowly, making it difficult to desorb water.

(2) Low heating temperature: There is no insulation layer on the wall of the transparent container, and the heat loss by convection and conduction is large. The moisture absorbent absorbs solar radiation energy and continuously loses heat to the outside world, so it is difficult for the moisture absorbent to reach a higher temperature.

(3) Water vapor reduces the transparency of the transparent container: due to the direct contact between the wall of the transparent container and the flowing air outside, the temperature of the wall is low, and the water vapor generated by the desorption of the hygroscopic agent sometimes condenses on the inner wall of the transparent container, reducing the transparency of the transparent container.

(4) Solar radiation affects the structure and performance of the hygroscopic agent: when the hygroscopic agent is stacked in a transparent container and the air inside is not easy to circulate, long-term exposure to solar radiation may locally overheat the surface of the hygroscopic agent bed and destroy its microporous structure , leading to a decrease in hygroscopic performance. Especially when the solar radiation focused by the concentrator directly irradiates the moisture absorbent, it is easy to cause the moisture absorbent to be overheated and damaged.

Heating method 2: The moisture absorbent is placed in an opaque container, and the solar radiation heats the container wall or heat-absorbing plate, and then transfers heat to the moisture absorbent.

Representative technologies include Canadian researcher N. Arrison's international publication WO03/025295 "Method and apparatus for producing potable drinking water from air" (the implementation in Figure 5), Shanghai Jiaotong University's patent CN102936912B "solar air adsorption type Desert water intake travel bag", Zhao Huizhong's patent application publication CN103469848A "a solar air water intake system". Because the walls of the opaque container are exposed to the surrounding air, even with strong sunlight, the walls of the opaque container can generally only reach a temperature of 60 to 80 °C (when no condenser is used), which is lower than the temperature required for significant desorption of the moisture absorbent. There are also problems such as low heating temperature and uneven temperature distribution. One side of the hygroscopic agent bed described in the patent of Bai Zeyu et al. is in direct contact with the blue titanium solar absorbing plate, and the blue titanium solar absorbing plate is heated by solar radiation and then conducts the heat to the hygroscopic agent bed. However, the thermal conductivity of hygroscopic materials is small (for example, the thermal conductivity of silica gel is only 0.14 W/m K), the heat transfer performance inside the hygroscopic agent bed is poor, and the hygroscopic agent heats up and desorbs slowly.

Heating method three: The hot water generated by the solar water heater passes through the heat exchange coil buried in the desiccant bed to heat the desiccant.

Those who use this heating method include: International Publication WO99/66136 "Method and apparatus for extracting water from atmospheric air" of Israel Water Technology M·A·S·Co., Ltd., Chinese patent CN2885942Y "air water intake device using natural energy", CN202214762U "an interactive adsorption type solar wind energy air water intake device", CN203049680U "an adsorption type air water intake device using phase change materials", CN202945638U "solar water catchment system in water-deficient areas". The temperature of hot water produced by solar water heaters is generally lower than 80°C. After the hot water passes through the heat exchange coil buried in the desiccant bed, it can only heat the desiccant to about 50 to 70°C. In this temperature range, some types The hygroscopic agent can be desorbed in a small amount and slowly. Generally speaking, the effect of heating with hot water is poor, and its water production rate (daily water production per unit weight of moisture absorbent) is low.

Heating method four: Electricity is the heating energy.

US Patent US20140150651 "System and procedure for extracting water from the environment" uses a rotating bed moisture absorber and a magnetron heater, and the equipment is relatively complicated and expensive. The international publication WO2011/062554 "Device and method for absorbing water from gas" of Sweden's Airwatergreen company, the implementation of Figure 3 of the international publication WO03/025295 of N. Arrison, and the patent application publication CN103225331A "Microfluidic The air water intake device and the water intake method using the water intake device "use electric heating, and the moisture absorbent is heated by contacting the heating surface of the electric heater or the heat transfer fins embedded in the moisture absorbent bed. However, the moisture absorbent itself is a poor conductor of heat and has a low heat-resistant temperature. Those hygroscopic agents that are in contact with the heating surface of the electric heater are easily damaged by overheating, while those that are not in contact with the heating surface or heat transfer fins are difficult to be heated, resulting in difficulty in desorption and low water intake efficiency.

  If the water extraction efficiency of the existing air water extraction technology can be improved, humid air may be used as a useful water source in water-scarce areas. But the water production rate of the prior art is on the low side, and the equipment structure is complicated, the volume is huge, the expense is expensive, and the power consumption is large. Although no electricity is required for solar heating, the operation of various auxiliary equipment (such as fans) still requires electricity. However, where there is a lack of fresh water (for example, deserts, plateaus, islands, sea vessels, offshore installations, land field operations, garrison, rural and remote areas without water supply systems, droughts, other natural or unnatural disasters, etc.) It is also usually the occasion of lack of power supply, and the air water intake equipment that needs electricity is generally unable to operate. The above-mentioned various reasons make the present air water intake technology only applied in individual occasions.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a device for collecting water from ambient air with a higher water production rate. Based on this, a further object of the present invention is to provide a device for collecting water from ambient air with simple structure and low cost. A further object of the present invention is to provide a device for collecting water from ambient air which can also operate without power supply. On the basis of the above, a further object of the present utility model is to provide a portable device for collecting water from ambient air.

The utility model believes that the root cause of the low water production rate in the prior art is that the heat transfer from the heater to the hygroscopic agent bed mainly depends on the heat conduction mechanism. For example, in CN102936912B of the aforementioned heating method two, one side of the moisture absorbent bed is in direct contact with the blue titanium solar absorbing plate, and the blue titanium solar absorbing plate converts solar radiation energy into heat energy and then conducts it to the moisture absorbent bed; WO99/ In 66136, hot water is fed into the heat exchange coils embedded in the moisture absorbent bed, and the surface of these heat exchange coils is in direct contact with the moisture absorbent to transfer heat to the moisture absorbent bed; Figure 3 of WO03/025295 in the fourth heating method In an embodiment, the moisture absorbent is in direct contact with the heating surface of the electric heater, and the heat is conducted from the heating surface to the moisture absorbent bed.

Taking into account factors such as the small thermal conductivity of the hygroscopic agent, the low heat-resistant temperature, the slow desorption rate (the micropore diffusion inside the hygroscopic agent particle is the rate-controlling step), and the large heat absorption when the moisture is converted from the adsorbed state to the gaseous state, etc. , the concept of the utility model is: the device is arranged so that the moisture absorbent does not directly contact with the heating surface of the heater, so that the gas circulates between the moisture absorbent and the heater, and the heat provided by the heater is transferred by the convective heat exchange of the circulating gas. Passed to the absorbent bed, and most of the circulating gas does not flow through other equipment (such as condensers) during the circulating flow process. In the conception of the utility model, the heat transfer from the heater to the hygroscopic agent bed mainly depends on the convective heat transfer mechanism of the gas. The circulation of gas between the hygroscopic agent and the heater can be limited to the inside of the container containing the hygroscopic agent, which is an internal circulation method; it can also flow through the outside of the container containing the hygroscopic agent, which is an external circulation method. The driving force for the circulation of gas between the moisture absorbent and the heater can be natural convection caused by the density difference caused by the temperature difference of the heater heating the gas, which is a natural convection method; it can also be driven by a fan, which is a forced convection method. The heater can be any form of heating device or external heat source. Therefore, the utility model includes many technical solutions with practical value.

A device for collecting water from ambient air, comprising a moisture absorption unit, a heater, and a condenser, the condenser is provided with a condensed water discharge port, the moisture absorption unit is respectively connected to the heater and the condenser, and Arranged so that the heating of the heater can cause the gas between the moisture absorption unit and the heating surface of the heater to circulate between the moisture absorption unit and the heating surface of the heater, so that the heater Heat can be supplied to the moisture absorption unit by circulating air flow.

Further, the heater is a solar collector.

Further, the moisture absorption unit includes a container and a moisture absorbent placed in the container, and the container is respectively connected to the solar heat collector and the condenser.

Further, a gas permeable box is also included, the moisture absorbent is placed in the gas permeable box, and the gas permeable box is placed in the container.

Optionally, the solar heat collector is several vacuum solar heat collecting tubes (in this patent, the vacuum solar heat collecting tubes are referred to as vacuum tubes for short), and the container is connected to the several vacuum solar heat collecting tubes.

Optionally, the solar heat collector is a vacuum solar heat collecting tube, the container is the inner tube of the vacuum solar heat collecting tube, the air-permeable box is cylindrical, and the air-permeable box is placed in the vacuum solar heat collecting tube There is a gap between the air-permeable box and the inner wall of the inner tube of the vacuum solar collector tube. In this embodiment, the wall surface of the inner tube of the vacuum solar heat collecting tube is a heating surface, and the vacuum solar heat collecting tube is also a container for loading a hygroscopic agent, and the gas circulates between the moisture absorbing agent and the inner wall of the inner tube of the vacuum solar heat collecting tube, It is a natural convection internal circulation heating method.

Optionally, the upper end and the lower end of the container communicate with the upper end and the lower end of the solar heat collector respectively. In this embodiment, the solar absorbing plate of the solar heat collector is a heating surface, and the gas circulates between the container loaded with moisture absorbent and the solar absorbing plate of the solar heat collector, which is a natural convection external circulation heating method.

Further, the connection pipe from the upper end of the container to the upper end of the solar heat collector is provided with an air inlet, a valve, and an exhaust port in sequence, and from the lower end of the container to the lower end of the solar heat collector An air inlet and a valve are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipe, and valves are also arranged on the air inlet and the exhaust port.

Further, the solar collectors are several vacuum solar collector tubes or several flat-plate solar collectors, the several vacuum solar collector tubes are connected in parallel with each other, and the several flat-plate solar collectors are connected to each other. Connect in parallel.

Optionally, the solar heat collector is a flat-plate solar heat collector or a greenhouse, the container is the flat-plate solar heat collector or a greenhouse, and the flat-plate solar heat collector or the greenhouse has a transparent cover plate and As for the solar absorbing plate, the moisture absorbing agent is placed inside the flat solar collector or the greenhouse, and there is a gap between the moisture absorbing agent and the solar absorbing plate. In this embodiment, the solar absorbing plate is the heating surface, and the flat-plate solar collector or greenhouse is also a container for the moisture absorbent, and the gas circulates between the moisture absorbing agent and the solar absorbing plate, which is a natural convection internal circulation heating method. It should be noted that the definition of the container used to hold the hygroscopic agent in this patent extends to include structures.

Further, it also includes a heat insulation board, the heat insulation board is located between the moisture absorbent and the solar energy absorption board, there is a gap between the heat insulation board and the solar energy absorption board, and the heat insulation board There is also a gap between the upper end and the lower end and the inner wall of the flat solar collector or the greenhouse.

The heating and desorption of the hygroscopic agent of the above-mentioned equipment for collecting water from the ambient air utilizes solar energy, and the circulation of the gas is natural convection, without involving any parts that require power, and is suitable for occasions where there is no power supply.

The utility model also provides a device for collecting water from ambient air in a forced convection heating method, which includes a moisture absorption unit, a heater, a fan, and a condenser. Through the heater and the condenser, the fan is respectively connected to the moisture absorption unit and the heater and can promote the circulation of gas between the moisture absorption unit and the heating surface of the heater, so that The heater is capable of supplying heat to the moisture absorption unit through a circulating air flow. The fan can be driven by a motor (the power comes from the power grid, or a conventional fuel generator, or new energy and renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, ocean energy power generation equipment, etc.); the fan can also be powered by natural energy. Driven (for example, wind energy drives a windmill, and the windmill drives a fan through a transmission mechanism).

Further, the heater is a solar collector or a solar collector array.

Further, the moisture absorption unit includes a container and a moisture absorbent placed in the container, and the container is respectively connected to the solar heat collector and the condenser.

Further, the exhaust port of the fan is connected to the inlet end of the solar heat collector or the solar heat collector array through a pipeline, and the exhaust end of the solar heat collector or the solar heat collector array is connected to the air inlet end of the solar heat collector array through a pipeline. The air inlet end of the container, and the air exhaust end of the container is connected to the air inlet of the fan through a pipeline.

Further, the condenser is connected in parallel with the pipe between the moisture absorption unit and the fan to form a condensation branch, and a valve is provided on the condensation branch to restrict the water from entering the moisture absorption unit. Condenser gas flow.

The above embodiment is a complete set of heater part, moisture absorbent and other parts assembled together. The utility model also provides the following equipment for collecting water from ambient air, which does not include the heater part, and can use different heaters or external heat sources to heat and desorb the moisture-absorbing agent according to actual conditions:

A device for collecting water from ambient air, characterized in that it includes a hygroscopic agent, a container, and a condenser, the condenser is provided with a condensed water discharge port, the hygroscopic agent is placed in the container, and the container is connected to Through the condenser, the container can promote the gas in the container to form a circulating airflow between the heated surface of the container and the moisture absorbent by absorbing external heat, so that the external heat is transferred to the moisture absorbent by the circulating airflow.

Further, it also includes a breathable box, the moisture absorbent is placed in the breathable box, and the breathable box is placed in the container.

Further, a solar cooker is also included, and the solar cooker is used to heat the container.

Further, the heating surface of the container has a notch.

Further, there is a flat plate at the opening of the recess on the heating surface of the container, and the flat plate has a hole, and the diameter of the hole is equivalent to the diameter of the concentrating cover of the solar cooker to focus the solar radiation to the bottom of the container. Spot diameter.

Further, there is a transparent plate at the opening of the recess on the heating surface of the container, and the transparent plate has vent holes.

Further, it also includes a transparent coat matching the shape of the container.

The above-mentioned embodiments all have a common feature, that is, the moisture absorbent avoids the heating surface of the heater, and the gas circulates between the moisture absorbent and the heating surface of the heater, and the heat provided by the heater is transferred to the Hygroscopic bed. The beneficial effects of this arrangement of equipment are: (1) The hygroscopic agent bed can be heated evenly: the average particle size of the common hygroscopic agent is about 5mm, the porosity of the hygroscopic agent bed is about 0.4, the heater heats the gas, and then The hot gas flows into the interior of the hygroscopic agent bed from the gaps of the hygroscopic agent particles, so that all parts of the hygroscopic agent bed can be heated uniformly. (2) The surface temperature of the heating surface of the heater can be much higher than the heat-resistant temperature of the moisture absorbent: since the equipment is arranged so that the moisture absorbent does not directly contact the heating surface of the heater, the surface temperature of the heating surface of the heater can be much higher than that of the moisture absorbent The heat-resistant temperature will not cause local overheating damage to the moisture absorbent. (3) The hygroscopic agent bed can be heated rapidly: since the heating surface of the heater can adopt a higher temperature, the heat transfer temperature difference is large, and the cold gas can be quickly heated into a hot gas, and the hot gas flows into the hygroscopic agent bed to heat and absorb moisture After dehydration, the temperature is reduced to cold gas, the cold gas circulates into the heater, is heated to hot gas, flows into the desiccant bed again to heat the desiccant, and so on, a large amount of heat can be transferred to the interior of the desiccant bed, making the whole desiccant The temperature of the agent bed is raised rapidly, the adsorbed water is quickly and fully desorbed, and the water vapor generated by the desorption is condensed into liquid water, which can achieve a high water production rate. Other beneficial effects of various specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following examples.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the equipment for collecting water from ambient air using all-glass vacuum solar heat collectors in Embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the equipment for collecting water from ambient air using glass-metal sealed vacuum solar heat collector tubes in Embodiment 2.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Fig. 3 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the device for collecting water from ambient air using a straight-through vacuum solar heat collector in embodiment 3.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the equipment for collecting water from ambient air using a flat-plate solar collector in Example 4.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of Fig. 6 .

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for collecting water from ambient air using a greenhouse in Example 5.

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the device for collecting water from ambient air using a solar collector array in Embodiment 6.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a device for collecting water from ambient air using a solar cooker in Example 7.

Symbol Description:

1 Hygroscopic agent

101 Breathable box or perforated plate for moisture absorbent

102 Feet for breathable boxes for moisture absorbents

103 Girders for breathable boxes for moisture absorbents

2 Containers or structures

201 Covers or vent covers for containers or structures

202 Notches on the heating surface of the container

3 Condensing coil or condenser

301 Condensate drain for condensing coil or condenser

4 tanks

401 Water tank drain valve

402 Exhaust valve for water tank

403 Tank water level gauge

5 Vacuum solar collector tube

501 Inner tube of vacuum solar collector tube

502 Outer tube of vacuum solar collector tube

503 Solar Reflector for Vacuum Solar Collector Tube

504 Support for vacuum solar collector tube

505 Uplink Tube of Vacuum Solar Collector Tube

506 Downlink tube of vacuum solar collector tube

6 flat panel solar collectors or greenhouses

601 Transparent cover for flat solar collectors or greenhouses

602 Transparent Glass Wool for Flat Solar Collector or Greenhouse

603 flat solar collector or solar absorbing panel for greenhouse

604 Radiation fins for flat solar collectors or solar absorbing panels for greenhouses

605 Flat Panel Solar Collector or Front Insulation Panel for Greenhouse

606 Flat panel solar collector or rear insulation panel for greenhouse

607 Flat-plate solar collectors or walls of greenhouses

701 Condenser cover for solar cooker

702 Pot Ring for Solar Cooker

8 solar radiation

9 fans

10 auxiliary heater

11, 11A, 11B filter

12, 12A, 12B air inlet

13 Exhaust outlet

14~27, 28A, 28B valves.

Detailed ways

The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Wherein, the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only, and represent only schematic diagrams, rather than actual drawings, and should not be construed as limitations on this patent; in order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model, some parts of the accompanying drawings will be omitted , enlargement or reduction, and do not represent the size of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

In the accompanying drawings of the utility model embodiment, the same or similar symbols correspond to the same or similar parts; The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "right", "vertical", "horizontal", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying A device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed as limitations on this patent.

The data enumerated in the embodiments of the utility model are only exemplary data provided to better illustrate the embodiments of the utility model, and unless otherwise specified, do not constitute any limitation on the claims of the utility model.

In addition, if there are terms such as "first" and "second", they are used for description purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the above terms according to specific situations specific meaning.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of a device for collecting water from ambient air that adopts all-glass vacuum solar heat collecting tubes in the utility model. Referring to FIG. 1 , in this embodiment, the moisture absorption unit includes a container 2 and a moisture absorbent 1 placed in the container 2 , and the heater is a solar collector, specifically, an all-glass vacuum solar collector tube 5 . The hygroscopic agent 1 is placed in the air-permeable box 101. The hygroscopic agent 1 is granular silica gel with a particle diameter of 5-8 mm, a loading capacity of the hygroscopic agent of 1 kg, and a porosity of about 0.4. The air-permeable box 101 is made of stainless steel wire mesh or other air-permeable materials, and its shape can be cylindrical, square or other shapes, and the holes of the stainless steel wire mesh are smaller than the particle size of the hygroscopic agent. The air-permeable box 101 also has legs 102, so that the bottom of the air-permeable box 101 can also be ventilated. The air-permeable box 101 is placed in the container 2 matching the shape of the air-permeable box 101. The upper part of the container 2 has an opening for putting in and taking out the air-permeable box 101 loaded with the moisture absorbent 1. The opening of the container 2 fits the lid 201 and has a threaded and O-ring seal. The air outlet on the cover 201 is connected with the condensation coil 3 through a pipeline. Each wall of the container 2 has an insulating layer, and the cover 201 also has an insulating layer. The airflow direction of the pipeline connecting the air outlet of the cover 201 and the condensation coil 3 is generally upward and horizontal. The water vapor condenses into water at these locations and flows back into the container 2 .

The bottom of the container 2 is connected with the vacuum solar heat collecting tube 5 in series, and the joint has an airtight seal such as an O-ring. The performance of vacuum solar collector tube 5 complies with the national standard "All Glass Vacuum Solar Collector Tube" (GB/T 17049-2005), including glass inner tube 501 (inner diameter Φ47mm, thickness 1.6mm) and glass outer tube 502 (outer diameter Φ58mm, Thickness 1.6mm), length 1.5m. There is a vacuum between the inner tube 501 and the outer tube 502, and there is a film layer on the inner tube 501 that selectively absorbs solar radiation. The solar reflector 503 is a cylindrical parabolic reflector, which can focus the incident sunlight onto the inner tube 501 (as shown in FIG. 2 ). The side of the inner tube 501 facing the incident direction of sunlight is directly irradiated by sunlight, and the side facing away from the incident direction of sunlight is irradiated by sunlight focused by the solar reflector 503 .

The operation process of the device is as follows: put the air-permeable box 101 loaded with the hygroscopic agent 1 that has adsorbed almost saturated air moisture into the container 2, cover and screw the cover 201 tightly. Make this end of the container 2 of this equipment on the top, the other end on the bottom, the central axis of the vacuum tube 5 is roughly perpendicular to the sunlight incident direction, adjust the sunlight reflector 503, make the sunlight focus on the inner tube 501, and the inner tube 501 absorbs the sun radiant energy. Since there is a vacuum between the inner tube 501 and the outer tube 502, the convective conduction heat loss from the inner tube 501 to the outside is extremely small, and most of the solar radiation energy absorbed by the inner tube 501 is used to heat the air inside the inner tube 501, so that The air inside the inner tube 501 gradually warms up. When the air heats up, its volume expands and the pressure increases, thereby forcing the cooler air in the container 2 communicated with the vacuum pipe 5 to be discharged to the atmosphere through the air outlet of the cover 201 and the condensed water discharge port 301 of the condensing coil 3, thereby , the condensed water discharge port 301 of the condenser 3 is also used as an exhaust port. At the same time, the hot air inside the vacuum tube 5 flows into the particle gap of the moisture absorbent 1 . Because the air is heated at the wall of the inner tube 501, the hot air will flow upwards, and the cold air will flow downwards. Natural convection occurs between the inner tube 501 and the air inside the container 2, and its effect is to absorb the solar energy absorbed by the inner tube 501. The radiant heat is transferred to the moisture absorbent 1. When the temperature of the hygroscopic agent 1 rises to about 60° C., the adsorbed water starts to desorb in a small amount; when the temperature rises to about 100° C., the adsorbed water is obviously desorbed to generate a large amount of water vapor. When the moisture in the adsorbed state is converted into water vapor, the volume of the water increases significantly, which increases the pressure in the container 2 and drives the water vapor into the condensation coil 3 through the air outlet of the cover 201 and is condensed into liquid water. Then, under the action of gravity, the liquid water is discharged from the condensed water discharge port 301, and another container can be used to collect the condensed water discharged from the condensed water discharge port 301. Continue the above operation until no condensed water is discharged, and the desorption process is over. The cover 201 can be opened, and the air-permeable box 101 loaded with the desorbed hygroscopic agent 1 can be taken out, and placed in a place where the air circulates to absorb moisture in the air again. After the hygroscopic agent 1 absorbs the moisture of the air to be nearly saturated, it is put into the container 2 again to perform the above-mentioned desorption operation.

Generally speaking, when the weather is humid, put the silica gel moisture absorbent outside, and it only takes 3 to 5 hours to absorb moisture and reach saturation. However, if the weather is dry or the silica gel moisture absorbent is placed in a poorly ventilated place indoors, it will take tens of hours to several days to be saturated. Therefore, each set of equipment for collecting water from ambient air described in this embodiment should be equipped with several air-permeable boxes 101, each containing 1 kg of silica gel hygroscopic agent, and placed in a ventilated place until the adsorption is saturated (can be determined by weighing method) Whether it is saturated, the saturated moisture absorption of silica gel can reach 40% of the weight of silica gel itself, or put a small amount of color-changing silica gel on the upper surface of the silica gel hygroscopic agent to indicate the water content), and then desorb in turn according to the above operation method. The adsorption-desorption operation cycle of the device can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs.

In this embodiment, in the adsorption stage, since a plurality of air-permeable boxes are used to absorb air moisture for a long time, the hygroscopic agent can fully contact with the air for a long enough time until the absorbed moisture reaches saturation. The reason why the hygroscopic agent can absorb up to 40% of its own weight from the ambient air is because: first, the hygroscopic agent is a microporous material with a huge inner surface area; second, there are many unsaturated bonds on these inner surfaces ( That is, active sites); third, the nature of these active sites is to selectively adsorb water molecules, while rarely adsorbing oxygen and nitrogen molecules. In the desorption stage, at first, since the glass inner tube 501 of the vacuum tube 5 has a film layer that selectively absorbs solar radiation, it can efficiently absorb solar radiation energy, and the vacuum between the inner tube 501 and the outer tube 502 of the vacuum tube 5 and The insulation layer of the container 2 can ensure that the convection conduction heat loss of the equipment to the outside is extremely small, and the absorbed solar radiation energy is used to heat the air inside the equipment; then, the hot air penetrates into the equipment through natural convection. Hygroscopic agent 1, so that the hygroscopic agent 1 can be heated and desorbed uniformly and fully; finally, due to the relatively high temperature and pressure in the container 2, most of the water vapor generated by desorption enters the condensation coil 3 to condense to produce liquid water.

In this embodiment, although the silica gel hygroscopic agent is described, other types of hygroscopic agents such as activated alumina, zeolite molecular sieve, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, etc., or two or more kinds of hygroscopic agents can also be used. The mixture of hygroscopic agent; Although the cooperation between the container 2 and the cover 201 is sealed by thread and O-ring, other forms of sealing such as bolts and sealing gaskets are also suitable; Various types of solar collectors such as heat pipe vacuum solar collectors, concentric sleeve vacuum solar collectors, etc. are also applicable (it should be noted that although each embodiment of the utility or solar collectors, other forms of heaters or solar collectors are equally applicable); although the solar reflector 503 has adopted a cylindrical parabolic reflector, other types of reflectors such as cylindrical specular reflectors, composite mirrors Condensers, etc. are also applicable; although the condensing coil 3 is used, other forms of condensers such as tube-and-tube condensers, flat fin condensers, etc. can also be used. The above description is applicable to all specific embodiments of the present utility model.

The present embodiment does not use fans, valves, instruments, etc., and does not need electricity. The involved vacuum solar heat collecting tubes can be finished products of commercially available vacuum solar heat collecting tubes. At present, vacuum solar collector tubes have been widely used in various solar devices such as solar water heaters, and the price of vacuum tubes is relatively cheap. Silica gel moisture absorbent (silica gel desiccant) is a common chemical product. Commercially available all-glass vacuum solar collector tubes are generally made of high borosilicate glass, which has high mechanical strength. In this embodiment, a transparent plastic protective cover can also be added outside the all-glass vacuum solar heat collecting tube to improve the safety of the device during carrying and operation.

To sum up, the advantages of this embodiment are high water production rate, simple structure, low cost, no electricity consumption, and great flexibility in the adsorption-desorption operation cycle.

Example 2

This embodiment is similar to embodiment 1, the difference is that the moisture absorbent 1 is placed inside the vacuum solar collector tube and connected to the condenser. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, it is a schematic diagram of a device for collecting water from ambient air using a glass-metal sealed vacuum solar collector tube in the present invention. The glass-metal sealed vacuum solar collector tube 5 that complies with the national standard "Technical Conditions for Vacuum Tube Solar Collectors" (GB/T 17581-2006) includes a metal inner tube 501 (inner diameter Φ78mm) and a glass outer tube 502 (outer diameter Φ90mm) , thickness 1.6mm), length 1.5m. The hygroscopic agent 1 is placed in the air-permeable box 101. The hygroscopic agent 1 is granular silica gel with an average particle diameter of 5 mm and a loading capacity of 3 kg. The ventilating box 101 is cylindrical in shape (outer diameter Φ60mm, length 1.48m), and has several legs 102 for keeping the ventilating box 101 and the inner wall of the inner tube 501 in a gap. There are two air outlet pipes on the cover 201, which are respectively connected with the lower air outlet and the upper air outlet in the ventilating box 101, and are connected with the condensing coil 3 through pipes, the condensing coil 3 is connected with the water tank 4, and the water tank 4 is provided with a drain Air valve 401, drain valve 402, water level gauge 403.

The desorption operation of the device has the following three methods:

(1) Fully open mode:

During the desorption phase, the exhaust valve 401 is always open. When the solar heating vacuum tube 5 starts to heat up, the valve 14 is opened, and under the action of the gas temperature and pressure increase, the cooler air in the moisture absorbent 1 at the lower end of the vacuum tube 5 is discharged (the moisture absorbent 1 at the lower end of the vacuum tube 5 is the lowest temperature inside the device. point, when the equipment heats up, the cooler air here is discharged instead of the hotter air at the upper end of the vacuum tube 5, which can reduce heat loss and speed up the temperature rise). When the hygroscopic agent 1 is heated and desorbed, since water vapor is lighter than air, the concentration of water vapor in the upper part of the vacuum tube 5 is higher. Close the valve 14 and open the valve 15 to allow water vapor to enter the condensing coil 3 and the condensed water to flow into the water tank 4 . Continue heating to fully desorb the moisture absorbent 1, observe the water level gauge 403, when the water level no longer rises, the desorption is over, and stop heating (the moisture absorbent after desorption is easily damaged by overheating if it continues to be heated).

In this mode, since the equipment is always directly connected to the atmosphere, the internal pressure of the equipment is normal pressure or slightly higher than normal pressure, and non-pressure-bearing equipment (such as the all-glass vacuum tube in Example 1) is more suitable for this operation method. The disadvantage of this method is that water vapor emission losses sometimes occur. For example, when the ambient air temperature is 35°C, the mixture of water vapor and air discharged from the vacuum tube 5 to the condensation coil 3 is cooled to about 45°C in the condensation coil 3, at this time, part of the water vapor will be discharged through the exhaust valve 401 into the atmosphere and be wasted. In addition, after the equipment is heated and pressurized, a small amount of water vapor and air mixture will be continuously discharged through the exhaust valve 401, resulting in less and less air in the equipment, and more and more water vapor generated by desorption, which is not conducive to the complete desorption of the moisture absorbent.

(2) Fully enclosed mode:

During the desorption phase, the exhaust valve 401 is always closed. Solar heating makes the vacuum tube 5 heat up and pressurize, and the valve 14 is opened, and the cold gas enters the condensing coil 3 and the water tank 4, so that the condensing coil 3 and the water tank 4 are also boosted. When the moisture absorbent 1 desorbs, close the valve 14 and open the valve 15, the water vapor generated by the desorption of the moisture absorbent 1 enters the condensation coil 3, and the condensed water flows into the water tank 4. Continue heating, when the water level of water tank 4 no longer rises, desorption finishes.

In this mode, the pressure inside the device is relatively high, and the pressure-bearing device (such as the glass-metal sealed vacuum tube in this embodiment) can adopt this operation method. The advantage of this method is that there is no water vapor emission loss at all, and the moisture absorbent can be completely desorbed.

(2) Open-closed mode:

When desorption starts, the exhaust valve 401 and the valve 14 are opened, and solar heating makes the vacuum tube 5 heat up and pressurize, and part of the cold air is discharged to the atmosphere. When the moisture absorbent 1 is desorbed, the exhaust valve 401 and the valve 14 are closed, and the valve 15 is opened, the water vapor generated by the desorption of the moisture absorbent 1 enters the condensation coil 3 , and the condensed water flows into the water tank 4 . Continue heating, when the water level of water tank 4 no longer rises, desorption finishes. The advantage of this method is that the loss of water vapor is less, which is conducive to the complete desorption of the hygroscopic agent.

Fully open, fully closed or open-closed operation methods can be selected according to the actual situation (especially whether the equipment is under pressure). The above description about the operation method is applicable to all specific implementations of the present utility model.

The arrangement of the equipment in this embodiment makes the hygroscopic agent 1 be heated by natural convection of the air inside the inner pipe 501, rather than relying on the heat conduction of the direct contact between the hygroscopic agent 1 and the wall surface of the inner pipe 501. The following describes the utility model The beneficial effect of this arrangement of equipment.

The thermal performance of vacuum solar collector tubes is often measured by air-drying performance parameters: Y = (T _s – T _a ) / H ≥ 0.195 m ² ·℃/W, where Y is the air-drying performance parameter, m ² ·℃/W ; T _s is air drying temperature, °C; T _a is ambient temperature, °C; H is solar irradiance, W/m ² . Assume that the average solar irradiance H = 950 W/m ² and the ambient temperature T _a = 30°C in sunny days. According to the above formula, the drying temperature T _s of the vacuum tube is ≥ 215°C. The vacuum tube can reach a temperature above 215°C because the film layer on the vacuum tube can efficiently absorb solar radiation energy, and the convection conduction heat loss of the vacuum interlayer is extremely small. Referring to Fig. 3, if instead of adopting the method that there is a gap between the ventilation box 101 and the inner pipe 501 to allow the air to convect naturally, but adopting the method of 3 kg of moisture absorbent 1 scattered inside the inner pipe 501, most of the inner pipe 501 The inner wall surface will be covered by the moisture absorbent 1. At this time, the inner tube 501 is a vacuum interlayer outside and cannot dissipate heat, and the moisture absorbent 1 is inward (the thermal conductivity of the moisture absorbent 1 is only 0.14 W/m·K). It is also difficult to dissipate heat. The inner tube 501 will be overheated, causing the film layer that selectively absorbs solar radiation to be damaged and fall off, and the vacuum tube 5 will fail. On the other hand, the temperature of those moisture absorbent particles in direct contact with the inner tube 501 will reach above 215°C, approaching or exceeding the heat-resistant temperature of the silica gel moisture absorbent, and this part of the overheated moisture absorbent will be damaged. At the same time, those moisture absorbent particles located in the middle of the inner tube 501 that are not in contact with the wall of the inner tube 501 can only be heated slowly by relying on the heat conduction of the moisture absorbent bed.

Considering the above-mentioned problems, the arrangement of the equipment in this embodiment is that there is a gap between the moisture absorbent 1 and the inner tube 501, the inner tube 501 heats the air, and the hot air enters the ventilation box 101 to heat the moisture absorbent 1 to become cold air, which is then heated The inner tube 501 is heated. This arrangement enables uniform and rapid heating of all parts of the absorbent bed.

It should be noted that all the embodiments of the present invention have the substantive features of the arrangement of the above-mentioned moisture absorbents, and their principles and effects are the same, which will not be repeated in the following embodiments.

The above description is applicable to all specific implementations of the present invention that adopt other forms of heaters or external heat sources.

Parts not mentioned in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

Example 3

This embodiment is similar to Embodiment 1, the difference is that the vacuum solar heat collecting tubes are direct-flow vacuum solar heat collecting tubes, and the container 2 communicates with eight vacuum solar heat collecting tubes in parallel and is connected in series with the condenser through pipes. As shown in FIG. 5 , it is a schematic diagram of a device for collecting water from ambient air using a direct-flow vacuum solar collector tube of the present invention. Moisture absorbent 1 (about 10kg) is scattered in container 2, four straight-through vacuum solar collector tubes are arranged side by side on one side of container 2, and the other four vacuum tubes are arranged on the other side. The upper end of the inner tube 501 of each vacuum tube and its container 2 is connected with the upper connecting pipe 505 , and the lower end is connected with the lower connecting pipe 506 . A solar reflector 503 is installed behind the vacuum tube. The connecting pipe at the upper end of the container 2 is provided with an air inlet 12A, an air inlet filter 11A with a filter membrane inside and a valve 28A (the installation direction is from the paper surface to the rear and downward), and the connecting pipe at the lower end is provided with an air inlet 12B, There are air intake filter 11B and valve 28B of fine mesh wire mesh inside (the installation direction is from the paper to the back and down). The exhaust port 13 and the valve 18 are arranged on the upper connecting pipe 505 . Condenser and water tank (not shown in Fig. 5) are installed in the rear bottom of container 2, and the dotted circle of container 2 bottom is the pipe outlet position leading to condenser.

The operation process of the equipment under the wet weather condition is as follows: when moisture is absorbed at night, valves 17, 18, 28B are opened, and other valves are closed. External air enters from the air inlet 12B, moisture is absorbed by the moisture absorbent 1, and dry air is discharged through the air outlet 13. The driving force for the air flow when moisture is adsorbed at night is the chimney effect caused by the heat of adsorption that warms the air. Open valve 16,17 when sunrise in the morning, close other valves. Sunlight heats the air in the vacuum tube, the hot air in the vacuum tube flows upwards into the upper connecting pipe 505 and then flows into the container 2, the cooler air in the container 2 flows down into the lower connecting pipe 506 and then flows into the vacuum tube, forming natural convection of the air, and the vacuum tube The absorbed solar radiation energy is transferred to the moisture absorbent 1, so that the moisture absorbent 1 is heated and desorbed. After the desorption is completed, if there is still sunlight, perform daytime moisture adsorption operation, open valves 16, 18, 28A, and close other valves. The chimney effect produced by the air in the inner pipe 501 being heated by sunlight makes the outside air entering from the air inlet 12A flow through the container 2, the lower connecting pipe 506, the inner pipe 501, and the upper connecting pipe 505, and then be discharged from the exhaust port 13. The moisture in the outside air is absorbed by the hygroscopic agent 1 . After sunset in the evening, start to absorb moisture at night, open valves 17, 18, and 28B, close other valves, and continue to absorb moisture throughout the night. The above-mentioned desorption operation was started again at sunrise the next morning. Adsorption-desorption operation cycle is 24 hours.

The operating process of the equipment under dry weather conditions is as follows: when moisture is absorbed at night, valves 17, 18, 28B are opened, and other valves are closed. External air enters from the air inlet 12B, moisture is absorbed by the moisture absorbent 1, and dry air is discharged through the air outlet 13. Due to the low moisture content of the air, the chimney effect generated by the heat of adsorption is weak, so it is difficult for the hygroscopic agent 1 to reach adsorption saturation. Start daytime adsorption moisture operation when sunrise in the morning, open valve 16,18,28A, close other valves. The chimney effect produced by the air in the inner pipe 501 being heated by sunlight makes the outside air entering from the air inlet 12A flow through the container 2, the lower connecting pipe 506, the inner pipe 501, and the upper connecting pipe 505, and then be discharged from the exhaust port 13. The moisture in the outside air is absorbed by the moisture absorbent 1, and the above operation of absorbing moisture during the day is continued until it is saturated. Then open the valves 16 and 17, close the other valves, and use sunlight to heat the air in the vacuum tube to form natural convection of the air to desorb the moisture absorbent 1. Adsorption-desorption operation period can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, two nights and one day are continuously adsorbed, and then one day is used for desorption (among them, the night adsorption is the chimney effect generated by the use of adsorption heat, the daytime adsorption is the chimney effect generated by using solar energy to heat the air, and the daytime desorption is the use of solar energy to heat the gas generated natural convection circulation).

In the above operation, the water absorption of the hygroscopic agent 1 is generally indicated by a hygrometer or a water content indicator with a color-changing silica gel inside. These conventional meters without electricity are not shown in Fig. 5 (and other accompanying drawings), and can be configured according to actual needs.

In this embodiment, the heater (vacuum solar collector tube) is located outside the container loaded with moisture absorbent, and the hot air flows from the heater to the container, and then from the container to the heater, which belongs to the external circulation flow mode. In the aforementioned embodiment 2, the heater is located inside the container loaded with moisture absorbent, and the air circulates inside the container, which belongs to the internal circulation flow mode.

In this embodiment, similar to Embodiments 1 and 2, the hygroscopic agent can be loaded in a gas-permeable box and then put into the container 2, and then taken out after desorption and placed in a ventilated place to absorb moisture. The advantage of taking out the moisture absorbent to absorb moisture is that it can be equipped with multiple gas boxes, which has great flexibility in the adsorption-desorption operation cycle. As shown in FIG. 5 , the advantage of the way of setting the intake and exhaust ports to absorb moisture in this embodiment is that the labor cost is slightly lower. All specific implementations of the present utility model can adopt the method of taking out the moisture absorbent to absorb moisture or setting the intake and exhaust ports to absorb moisture.

The present embodiment adopts the purpose of arranging a plurality of vacuum solar heat collecting tubes side by side to increase the lighting area. Other embodiments of the utility model can also adopt a plurality of vacuum solar heat collecting tubes arranged side by side to increase the lighting area. For example, the container 2 of Embodiment 1 can be a rectangle, and the air-permeable box 101 is a rectangle matching the container 2, and several all-glass vacuum solar collector tubes 5 are arranged side by side, and their upper ends are connected to the container 2. The two opposite end faces of the rectangular container 2 can be opened, and the ambient air is passed in when the hygroscopic agent absorbs moisture.

This embodiment can also adopt other forms of solar heat collectors. For example, the four straight-through vacuum solar collector tubes in Figure 5 can be replaced by a flat solar collector, the upper end of the flat solar collector has an exhaust port connected to the upper pipe, and the lower end has an air inlet connected to the upper tube. Connect the lower pipe.

Parts not mentioned in this embodiment are similar to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

Example 4

This embodiment is similar to the above embodiment, the difference is that the solar heat collector is composed of a flat-plate solar heat-collecting component, and the moisture absorption unit is arranged inside the flat-plate heat collector and sealed so as to be formed by solar heating Natural convection internal circulation system, the effect of the flat plate heat collector is the same as that of the container in the above embodiment. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, it is a schematic diagram of a device for collecting water from ambient air using a flat solar collector of the present invention. The front portion of the flat plate heat collector 6 is provided with a transparent cover plate 601, transparent glass wool 602, solar absorbing plate 603, heat dissipation fins 604, and a front heat shield 605 in sequence, and the upper and lower ends of the front heat shield 605 are in contact with the flat heat collector. There is a gap between the walls 607 of the vessel to allow gas to flow through. The transparent glass wool 602 can reduce the heat dissipation loss at the front of the flat plate heat collector 6 . The solar absorbing plate 603 has a film layer that absorbs solar radiation with high selectivity, and there is an airtight seal between the solar absorbing plate 603 and the flat plate heat collector wall 607 to prevent water vapor from entering between the solar absorbing plate 603 and the transparent cover plate 601 space and reduce the transparency of the transparent cover 601. The solar absorbing plate 603 and the front heat shield 605 form an airflow channel for gas to flow upward, and the front heat shield 605 and the rear heat shield 606 form an airflow channel for gas to flow downward. The moisture absorbent 1 is placed in several gas-permeable boxes 101 , and the gas-permeable boxes 101 are layered on the support beams 103 at the rear of the flat plate heat collector 6 . Several air hole covers 201 are arranged on the wall 607 of the flat plate heat collector (only one of them is shown in FIG. 6 ). The bottom of the plate type condenser 3 doubles as a water tank, and there is an aperture in the middle part of the rear insulation plate 606 to allow water vapor to enter the condenser 3 . When the device performs desorption operation, sunlight passes through the transparent cover plate 601 and transparent glass wool 602 to irradiate and heat the solar absorbing plate 603, the solar absorbing plate 603 and the heat dissipation ribs 604 heat the air, and the gap between the solar absorbing plate 603 and the front insulation plate 605 The hot air between the front and rear insulation panels 605 and 606 flows upwards, and the cooler air between the front insulation panel 605 and the rear insulation panel 606 flows downwards, forming natural convection of air. One of the functions of the front insulation board 605 is to reduce the direct heat conduction from the high temperature area behind the solar absorbing board 603 to the desiccant bed, so that there is a larger temperature difference between the high temperature area and the desiccant bed, thereby generating larger gas The driving force of natural convection.

The device can be made into various specifications. The size of medium-sized equipment is: 2m in length, 1m in width, 0.2m in thickness, and the loading capacity of moisture absorbent is 35kg. The transparent cover plate should be made of double-layer glass, and the solar absorbing plate and heat dissipation fins can be made of thin steel plate. The size of the small portable device is: length 0.5m, width 0.2m, thickness 0.15m, moisture absorbent load 2kg. Lightweight materials are used, the transparent cover plate is made of methyl methacrylate plate, and the solar absorbing plate and cooling fins are made of aluminum alloy plate. The advantage of using the flat plate heat collector in this embodiment is that the lighting area is relatively large, but the disadvantage is that the front part of the flat plate heat collector is in contact with the ambient air, and the heat loss by convection and conduction is relatively large. In order to increase the incidence of sunlight, solar reflectors can also be installed in front of the flat plate collectors or other concentrator equipment can be used.

Compared with the external circulation flow mode of Embodiment 3, the advantage of the internal circulation flow mode of this embodiment is that the equipment is compact in structure, the gas circulation flow path is short, and the flow resistance is small.

If it is necessary to use the chimney effect to absorb moisture during the day as described in Embodiment 3, then in this embodiment, an exhaust valve can be added on the wall of the flat collector above the channel between the solar absorbing plate 603 and the front heat shield 605 , and add a valve (butterfly valve or gate valve) at the gap between the upper end of the front heat shield 605 and the wall 607 of the flat plate collector.

Parts not mentioned in this embodiment are similar to those in Embodiment 3, and will not be repeated here.

Example 5

This embodiment is similar to Embodiment 4, the difference is that the solar heat collector is constituted by a greenhouse, and the function of the greenhouse is the same as that of the flat-plate solar heat collector. An apparatus for collecting water from ambient air using a greenhouse as shown in Figure 8 can be used where large quantities of hygroscopic agents are loaded. The south wall of the greenhouse 6 has a transparent cover plate 601 with a lighting area of 20m ² , and the moisture absorbent 1 can be loaded up to 400kg, which is scattered on the orifice plate 101 in layers. The remaining parts are similar to Embodiment 4, and the working principle is the same as Embodiment 4, which will not be repeated here.

Example 6

The above embodiments 1 to 5 all utilize solar energy for heating, and belong to the natural convection mode, without electricity consumption, and are suitable for occasions without power supply. Under the condition of power supply (including grid power supply, conventional fuel generator power supply, new energy and renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, ocean energy power generation equipment, etc.), the forced convection method driven by electric fans can be applied (with natural When the energy device is used, the forced convection method driven by the natural energy fan can be applied). That is, a fan can be added on the basis of the above embodiments, and the fan can be connected to the moisture absorption unit and the heater respectively to promote the formation of a circulating airflow between the moisture absorption unit and the heater. For example, adding several circulation fans under the front heat shield 605 of Embodiment 5 (FIG. 8) becomes a forced convection internal circulation mode. Embodiment 3 (Figure 5) adds a two-way axial flow fan between the container 2 and the upper joint pipe 505 (and cancels the valves 17, 28A, filter 11A and air inlet 12A), and the air flow direction is from the upper joint pipe during the desorption operation. The pipe 505 flows to the container 2, and the airflow direction is from the container 2 to the exhaust port 13 during the adsorption operation, which becomes the forced convection external circulation mode.

A device for collecting water from ambient air using a vacuum solar collector array in the form of forced convection external circulation is shown in Figure 9. Vacuum tubes 5 that meet the national standard "Glass-Metal Sealed Heat Pipe Vacuum Solar Heat Collector Tube" (GB/T 19775-2005) form a group of eight, and the heat release section of each vacuum tube is connected to the upper tube 505, and every eight The upper tubes 505 of one group are connected in series, and then connected in parallel with the upper tubes 505 of the other eight groups of vacuum tubes to form a vacuum solar collector array, with a total lighting area of 25.6m ² . Hygroscopic agent 1 loading capacity 500kg. The auxiliary heater 10 is used for auxiliary heating when it is cloudy.

When the fully enclosed method is adopted, the operation process of the equipment is as follows: open the valves 20, 23, 25 at sunrise in the morning, close the valves 19, 21, 22, 24, run the fan 9, the air in the equipment is heated by the solar collector array, and the heat Air enters the container 2 to desorb the moisture absorbent 1, and the water vapor concentration in the hot air increases. When the water vapor concentration increases to 60g/kg-dry air or above, adjust the valves 21, 22, 23 so that about 10% to 30% of the total flow of the circulating gas flows through the condenser 3, and the condensed water is discharged from the discharge port 301. Continue the above desorption operation until no condensed water is discharged. Open the valves 19, 23, 24 at sunset in the evening, close the valves 20, 21, 22, 25, and run the fan 9. The humid air from the outside enters through the air inlet 12 throughout the night, the moisture is absorbed by the moisture absorbent 1, and the dry air passes through the exhaust port 13 discharge. Adsorption-desorption operation cycle is 24 hours.

In the above-mentioned fully enclosed desorption operation mode, no gas is discharged to the outside world. The circulating air is always dominated by the air previously present inside the device. The circulating air is a heat transfer medium that transfers the solar radiation energy collected by the solar collector array to the moisture absorbent; the circulating air is also a carrier that transports the water vapor generated by the desorption of the moisture absorbent to the condenser.

The arrangement of the condenser in this embodiment is quite different from that of the prior art. The existing technology is that the condenser is arranged on the exhaust pipe, and all the gases flow through the condenser (that is, the condenser 3 in Fig. 9 is arranged at the position of the valve 23, there is no valve 23, no valves 21, 22 and the branches where they are located pipeline). In this embodiment, 10% to 30% of the circulating gas flows through the condenser 3 . The beneficial effects of the arrangement of the condenser in this embodiment will be described below.

The circulating gas contains hot air and water vapour. The purpose of using a condenser to condense the circulating gas is to condense water vapor, but the hot air is also cooled down at the same time, and the heat of the hot air is lost. Therefore, the smaller the gas flow into the condenser, the smaller the heat loss; the higher the water vapor concentration in the gas entering the condenser, the smaller the heat loss. For example, the gas is heated by the solar collector array to a temperature of about 150°C and then enters container 2, provides sensible heat to moisture absorbent 1, then cools down to about 80°C and then discharges from container 2, the sensible heat provided to moisture absorbent 1 About 70 kJ/kg-dry air. The heat of desorption of water is 2500 kJ/kg-water. Therefore, when the hot air flows through the moisture absorbent 1 each time, the sensible heat provided by the hot air to the moisture absorbent 1 is only enough to desorb 28g of moisture. After 6 cycles, the accumulated water vapor concentration in the circulating gas will reach 168 g/kg-dry air (it should be noted that the moisture content at 150°C is 168 g/kg-the relative humidity of dry air is 21% RH, which has little effect on the desorption of the hygroscopic agent, because the partial pressure of water vapor inside the hygroscopic agent is much higher than that of the circulating flowing gas at 150°C). Under the above parameters, let about 16.7% of the circulating gas flow through the condenser 3, then the weight of the water condensed and discharged in the condenser 3 is equal to the weight of the water vapor generated by the desorption of the moisture absorbent 1, reaching an equilibrium state. The heat loss of letting 16.7% of the circulating gas flow through the condenser is far less than the heat loss of 100% of the circulating flowing gas flowing through the condenser in the prior art.

In short, the arrangement of the condenser of the utility model prevents the hot air containing low-concentration water vapor from entering the condenser, and makes a small part of the hot air containing high-concentration water vapor enter the condenser (most of the rest are used as heat transfer medium circulates between the moisture absorbent and the heater), thus greatly reducing the heat loss caused by the hot air entering the condenser. The configurations of the condensers in the foregoing embodiments 1 to 5 and the following embodiment 7 all have a similar effect of reducing heat loss. For example, referring to FIG. 6 , when the temperature is raised by solar heating, only a small amount of hot air enters the condenser 3 , and most of the hot air does not flow through the condenser 3 when circulating between the solar absorbing plate 603 and the moisture absorbent 1 . Water vapor enters the condenser 3 only when the hot air contains more water vapor to increase its pressure.

Parts not mentioned in this embodiment are similar to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

Example 7

In regions rich in solar energy resources (such as western China), solar cookers are popular to a certain extent. A device for collecting water from ambient air using a solar cooker of the present utility model is shown in Figure 10 . It should be noted that the difference between the technical solution of this embodiment and the above embodiment is that the solar cooker of the prior art is used to replace the vacuum solar heat collection tube of the above embodiment, and the moisture absorbent is placed in the container, and the container is connected to the condenser The container promotes the formation of a circulating airflow between the inner cavity of the container and the moisture absorbent by absorbing external heat, thereby transferring the external heat to the moisture absorbent. Due to the need to receive solar radiation, each wall of the container has no insulation layer. Specifically, as shown in Figure 10, a container 2 is placed on the pan ring 702 of the solar cooker, and a flat condenser 3 (also used as a water tank) is arranged on the side of the container 2 facing away from the solar radiation 8, and the condenser 3 is also provided with a drain Valve and water level gauge (not shown in the figure), the gas in the container 2 can pass into the condenser 3 through the aperture on its wall, and the bottom of the container 2 has a cylindrical recess 202.

Each container 2 is equipped with several ventilating boxes 101, and the ventilating boxes 101 with hygroscopic agent 1 inside are usually placed in an outdoor ventilated place to absorb moisture from the air. During the desorption operation, the air-permeable box 101 with the hygroscopic agent 1 inside is put into the container 2 and the upper cover 201 is tightened, and the container 2 is placed on the pot ring 702 . The solar cooker is adjusted so that the concentrating cover 701 focuses the solar radiation 8 to the notch 202 at the bottom of the container 2 . The bottom and wall of the notch 202 are heated by absorbing solar radiation, and the gas in the container 2 undergoes natural convection when heated, and transfers the heat to the hygroscopic agent 1 . The moisture absorbent 1 is desorbed to generate water vapor to increase the pressure in the container 2 . The water vapor enters the condenser 3 and is condensed into liquid water.

Present embodiment also can adopt the container 2 that bottom heating surface is flat bottom, but the light reflection of flat bottom container and convective heat transfer loss are bigger (because the solar cooker is set in the open air, outdoor air temperature is low, and wind speed is big, causes direct contact with outside cold air The heat loss on the outer surface of the contacting container 2 is large). The function of the notch 202 at the bottom of the container 2 in FIG. 10 is to reduce light reflection and convective heat transfer loss. It is also possible to further reduce light reflection and/or convective heat transfer loss in the following ways: (1) add a flat plate at the opening of the notch 202, with a hole in the center of the flat plate (the diameter is equivalent to that of the concentrating cover 701 for 8 focus to the diameter of the spot at the bottom of the container 2), and make the focused light spot pass through this hole and enter the notch 202, then a black hole effect can occur, and all the energy of the focused light spot is absorbed by the container 2. (2) A transparent plate is added at the opening of the notch 202, and the transparent plate has vent holes of Φ1~2mm for maintaining pressure balance inside and outside the transparent plate. During the desorption operation, the focused light spot of the solar cooker enters the notch 202 through the transparent plate, which can greatly reduce the convective heat transfer loss. (3) An improvement that can be used for flat-bottomed containers or containers with a notch at the bottom is to add a transparent jacket that matches the shape of the container. For example, when the container 2 is cylindrical, the transparent jacket is a cylinder with an upper opening, a wall and a bottom made of a transparent material, and the container 2 can be put into the transparent jacket from the upper opening. The function of the transparent jacket is to reduce the heat loss on the outer wall of the container 2 .

In addition to using the solar cooker, the above desorption operation can also use any other heating equipment or external heat source. For example, when using the device in the field, the container 2 can be heated by a solar cooker when it is sunny, and the container 2 can be heated by collecting biomass fuel and burning a fire when it is cloudy.

The advantages of this embodiment are high water production rate, simple structure, low cost, no need for electricity, easy to carry, flexible use of any convenient heater or external heat source for heating and desorption, and great flexibility in the adsorption-desorption operation cycle sex.

Parts not mentioned in this embodiment are similar to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

Solar energy is clean energy, the use of solar energy neither consumes fossil fuels nor emits pollutants. Therefore, the apparatus for collecting water from ambient air given in embodiments 1 to 7 of the present invention involves heating the hygroscopic agent with solar collectors. It should be noted that the utility model is not limited to the use of solar heat collectors. In essence, solar collectors convert solar radiation energy into thermal energy, and provide heat mainly through the heating of solar absorbing panels. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that any form of heating equipment or external heat source can be used to perform thermal desorption of the moisture absorbent with the equipment and/or methods described in the present utility model. For example, electric heaters, heat exchangers (heating medium can be high-temperature water vapor, flue gas, heat transfer oil, engine exhaust, industrial waste heat, etc.), heaters using gas, liquid or solid fuels, new energy or renewable Energy heaters, infrared, radio frequency heaters, etc. For example, the solar collector array in Figure 9 can be replaced by other forms of heaters; when using the continuously discharged industrial waste heat as the desorption heat source, several moisture absorption units can be connected in parallel and each moisture absorption unit can be recirculated It is connected with the desorption heat source, and the moisture absorption and desorption operations of each moisture absorption unit are performed alternately, which constitutes a device that continuously collects water from the ambient air; or the continuous air water intake operation can be performed by using a rotating bed device such as a moisture absorption wheel. The utility model can be applied to various forms of moisture absorption unit equipment such as fixed beds, moving beds, and rotating beds.

It is obvious that temperature, humidity, pressure, water level, sunlight sensor, PLC, electromagnetic valve, safety valve, etc. can be configured in various embodiments of the present utility model to form an automatic operating system.

Apparently, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present utility model are only examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, rather than limiting the implementation manner of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description, other changes or changes in different forms can also be made, and it is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively enumerate all the implementation manners here. All modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the utility model.

Claims (14)

1. A device for collecting water from ambient air, characterized in that it comprises a moisture absorption unit, a heater, and a condenser, and the condenser is provided with a condensed water discharge port, and the moisture absorption unit is connected to the heater and the condenser respectively. the condenser, and arranged so that the heating of the heater can cause the gas between the moisture absorption unit and the heating surface of the heater to circulate between the moisture absorption unit and the heating surface of the heater, So that the heater can supply heat to the moisture absorption unit through the circulating airflow. 2. The device for collecting water from ambient air according to claim 1, characterized in that the heater is a solar collector. 3. The device for collecting water from ambient air according to claim 2, wherein the moisture absorption unit comprises a container and a hygroscopic agent placed in the container, and the containers are respectively connected to the solar thermal collectors device and the condenser. 4. The device for collecting water from ambient air according to claim 3, further comprising a gas-permeable box, the hygroscopic agent is placed in the gas-permeable box, and the gas-permeable box is placed in the container. 5. The device for collecting water from ambient air according to any one of claims 3 and 4, wherein the solar heat collector is a plurality of vacuum solar heat collection tubes, and the container is connected to the plurality of vacuum tubes. Solar collector tube. 6. The equipment for collecting water from ambient air according to claim 4, wherein the solar heat collector is a vacuum solar heat collection tube, and the container is an inner tube of the vacuum solar heat collection tube, and the The breathable box is cylindrical, and the breathable box is placed inside the inner tube of the vacuum solar heat collection tube, and there is a gap between the breathable box and the inner wall of the inner tube of the vacuum solar heat collector tube. 7. The device for collecting water from ambient air according to any one of claims 3 or 4, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the container communicate with the upper end and the lower end of the solar heat collector respectively. 8. The equipment for collecting water from ambient air according to claim 7, characterized in that an air inlet, a valve, An air outlet, an air inlet and a valve are sequentially arranged on the connecting pipe from the lower end of the container to the lower end of the solar heat collector, and valves are also arranged on the air inlet and the air outlet. 9. The equipment for collecting water from ambient air according to claim 8, characterized in that, the solar heat collectors are several vacuum solar heat collectors or several flat plate solar heat collectors, and the several vacuum solar heat collectors The solar heat collecting tubes are connected in parallel with each other, and the several flat-plate solar heat collectors are connected in parallel with each other. 10. The device for collecting water from ambient air according to any one of claims 3 and 4, wherein the solar heat collector is a flat-plate solar heat collector or a greenhouse, and the container is the flat plate Type solar collector or greenhouse, the flat solar collector or greenhouse has a transparent cover plate and solar absorbing board, the moisture absorbent is placed inside the flat solar collector or greenhouse, the moisture absorbent There is a gap between the solar absorbing board and a heat insulating board, the heat insulating board is located between the moisture absorbent and the solar absorbing board, and there is a gap between the heat insulating board and the solar absorbing board There is also a gap between the upper end and the lower end of the heat insulation board and the inner wall of the flat solar collector or the greenhouse. 11. A device for collecting water from ambient air, characterized in that it includes a moisture absorption unit, a heater, a fan, and a condenser, and the condenser is provided with a condensed water discharge port, and the moisture absorption unit is respectively connected to the heating the condenser and the condenser, the fan is respectively connected to the moisture absorption unit and the heater and can promote gas circulation between the moisture absorption unit and the heating surface of the heater, so that the heater Heat can be supplied to the moisture absorption unit by circulating air flow. 12. The device for collecting water from ambient air according to claim 11, wherein the heater is a solar heat collector or a solar heat collector array, and the moisture absorption unit includes a container and is placed in the container The hygroscopic agent in the container, the container is respectively connected to the solar heat collector and the condenser, the exhaust port of the fan is connected to the air inlet of the solar heat collector or the solar heat collector array through a pipeline, The exhaust end of the solar heat collector or the solar heat collector array is connected to the air inlet end of the container through a pipeline, the air exhaust end of the container is connected to the air inlet of the fan through a pipeline, and the condenser is connected to the air inlet of the fan through a pipeline. Pipes are connected in parallel to the pipe between the moisture absorption unit and the fan to form a condensation branch, and a valve is provided on the condensation branch to limit the flow of gas entering the condenser from the moisture absorption unit. 13. A device for collecting water from ambient air, characterized in that it includes a hygroscopic agent, a container, and a condenser, the condenser is provided with a condensed water discharge port, the hygroscopic agent is placed in the container, and the The container is connected to the condenser, and the container can promote the gas in the container to form a circulating airflow between the heated surface of the container and the moisture absorbent by absorbing external heat, so that the external heat is transferred to the moisture absorbent by the circulating airflow. 14. The equipment for collecting water from ambient air according to claim 13, further comprising a ventilating box, the hygroscopic agent is placed in the ventilating box, the ventilating box is placed in the container, It also includes a solar cooker, the solar cooker is used to heat the container, and at least one of the following: (1) the heating surface of the container has a notch; (2) the opening of the notch on the heating surface of the container There is a flat plate at the place, and the flat plate has a hole, and the diameter of the hole is equivalent to the spot diameter of the solar cooker’s concentrating cover to focus the solar radiation to the bottom of the container; (3) the concave surface of the heating surface of the container There is a transparent plate at the opening of the mouth, and the transparent plate has vent holes; (4) It also includes a transparent coat matching the shape of the container.