CN209655072U - LED Intelligent Plant Lighting Lamps - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an LED intelligent plant lighting lamp, which comprises a lamp body, which defines an accommodating cavity; an LED light source, the LED light source is fixedly installed in the accommodating cavity, and the LED light source is used to emit blue light; a reflector, the reflector is arranged on the In the accommodating chamber, the reflective plate is set corresponding to the LED light source to limit the light emitting area of the LED light source; the fluorescent sheet body is arranged in the accommodating chamber, and the fluorescent sheet body includes a transparent sheet body and at least one red light sheet body, the transparent sheet body and at least one red light sheet to form a light adjustment cover, wherein the LED light source and the reflector are arranged in the light adjustment cover, and the light adjustment cover rotates in the circumferential direction relative to the LED light source to adjust the blue light in the light output area; The light source emitted by the lighting fixture is adjusted to change the ratio of red and blue light, so that the light generated by the LED intelligent plant lighting fixture is more suitable for the growth of plants.

Description

LED Intelligent Plant Lighting Lamps

technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field of plant lighting, in particular to an LED intelligent plant lighting lamp.

Background technique

Sunlight is one of the main physical environments needed for plant growth and development. However, sunlight cannot illuminate plants at any time according to the needs of plant growth within 24 hours a day, especially when there are often cloudy and rainy days. Therefore, in the process of plant cultivation, it is often necessary to supplement light to growing plants through plant lighting lamps to meet their growth needs.

Most of the existing plant lighting fixtures use a combination of red and blue light, full red or full blue mode to supplement the light on plants through red and blue light; however, the lighting mode of the existing plant lighting fixtures is fixed and cannot Different growth cycles adjust the ratio of red and blue light, which in turn affects the growth results of plants.

Utility model content

The utility model aims to solve one of the technical problems in the above-mentioned technologies at least to a certain extent. Therefore, one purpose of this utility model is to propose an LED intelligent plant lighting fixture, which can adjust the light source emitted by the LED lighting fixture and change the ratio of red and blue light, so that the light generated by the LED intelligent plant lighting fixture is more suitable for the growth of plants. grow.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of the first aspect of the utility model proposes an LED intelligent plant lighting lamp, which includes: a lamp body, which defines an accommodation cavity; an LED light source, which is fixedly installed in the accommodation cavity, and is used for the LED light source. to emit blue light; a reflector, the reflector is arranged in the accommodation cavity, and the reflector is set corresponding to the LED light source to limit the light emitting area of the LED light source; the fluorescent sheet, the fluorescent sheet is arranged in the accommodation cavity, and the fluorescent sheet includes a transparent sheet and at least one red light sheet body, the transparent sheet body and at least one red light sheet body form a light adjustment cover, wherein the LED light source and the reflector are arranged in the light adjustment cover, and the light adjustment cover rotates circumferentially relative to the LED light source to The blue light in the light emitting area is adjusted.

The LED intelligent plant lighting fixture according to the embodiment of the present utility model includes: a lamp body, which defines an accommodation cavity for accommodating various components of the LED intelligent plant lighting fixture through the accommodation cavity; an LED light source, which is fixedly installed in the accommodation cavity Inside, the LED light source is used to emit blue light, that is to say, the LED light source is installed in the accommodation cavity, and emits blue light after being powered on; the reflector, the reflector is arranged in the accommodation cavity, and the reflector is set corresponding to the LED light source to limit the LED light source. Light output area; fluorescent sheet body, the fluorescent sheet body is arranged in the accommodation cavity, the fluorescent sheet body includes a transparent sheet body and at least one red light sheet body, the transparent sheet body and at least one red light sheet body form a light adjustment cover, wherein the LED light source and the reflector are set in the light adjustment cover, and the light adjustment cover rotates in the circumferential direction relative to the LED light source to adjust the blue light in the light emitting area; thereby realizing the adjustment of the light source emitted by the LED lighting fixture, changing the ratio of red and blue light, so that the LED The light generated by intelligent plant lighting fixtures is more suitable for the growth of plants.

In addition, the LED intelligent plant lighting fixture proposed according to the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:

Optionally, both ends of the fluorescent sheet body are respectively provided with a first connecting piece and a second connecting piece, and the two ends of the lamp body are respectively provided with a first groove and a second groove, and the first connecting piece The piece and the second connecting piece are respectively installed corresponding to the first groove and the second groove, and are rotatable relative to the first groove and the second groove.

Optionally, one of the first groove and the second groove is provided with a wedge-shaped hole, and one end of the LED light source is provided with a wedge-shaped block adapted to the wedge-shaped hole, and the LED light source passes through the The wedge block is fixedly installed on the lamp body.

Optionally, an operation knob is also included, wherein the other of the first groove and the second groove is provided with a through hole, and the operation knob passes through the through hole and connects with the first connecting member. It is fixedly connected with one of the second connectors.

Optionally, a first brush is sheathed on the first connector, and a second brush is provided between the first connector and the first electrode of the LED light source, and the second brush Corresponding to the first brush, so that the first connecting member and the first electrode are electrically connected during the rotation process of the first connecting member, and a third connecting member is sleeved on the second connecting member. A brush, and a fourth brush is provided between the second connecting member and the second electrode of the LED light source, the fourth brush corresponds to the third brush, so that the second During the rotation of the connecting member, the second connecting member and the second electrode are electrically connected.

Optionally, the blue light has a wavelength of 430nm-485nm.

Optionally, the blue light has a wavelength of 440nm-460nm.

Optionally, the red light sheet includes a first red light sheet and a second red light sheet, wherein the transparent sheet is arranged between the first red light sheet and the second red light sheet Between the bodies, the fluorescence concentration of the first red light sheet is greater than the fluorescence concentration of the second red light sheet.

Optionally, the wavelength of the blue light after passing through the red light sheet is 660-800nm.

Optionally, the lamp body includes a heat dissipation base, and the heat dissipation base is made of aluminum alloy material.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an LED intelligent plant lighting fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic disassembly diagram of a lamp body according to another embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic disassembly diagram of a fluorescent lamp sheet body according to another embodiment of the present invention;

Reference numerals: 10. Lamp body; 11. Accommodating cavity; 12. Heat dissipation base; 13. First groove; 14. Second groove; 15. Wedge-shaped hole; 16. Through hole; 20. LED light source; 21. Wedge-shaped block; 22. first electrode; 23. second electrode; 30. reflector; 40. fluorescent sheet; 41. transparent sheet; 42. red sheet; 421. first red sheet; 422. second Two red light sheets; 43. Light adjustment cover; 44. The first connector; 441. The first brush;

442. The second electric brush; 45. The second connecting piece; 451. The third electric brush; 452. The fourth electric brush; 50. The operation knob.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Existing LED plant lighting fixtures cannot adjust the ratio of red and blue light, resulting in the inability to select different ratios of red and blue light according to different growth cycles of plants, which is not conducive to the growth of plants; LED intelligent plant lighting according to embodiments of the present invention The lamp includes: a lamp body, the lamp body defines a housing cavity, through which the components of the LED intelligent plant lighting lamp can be accommodated; an LED light source, the LED light source is fixedly installed in the housing cavity, and the LED light source is used to emit blue light, that is In other words, the LED light source is installed in the housing cavity, and emits blue light after power-on; the reflector, the reflector is arranged in the housing cavity, and the reflector is set corresponding to the LED light source to limit the light emitting area of the LED light source; the fluorescent sheet body, the fluorescent sheet body Arranged in the accommodating cavity, the fluorescent sheet includes a transparent sheet and at least one red sheet, the transparent sheet and at least one red sheet form a light adjustment cover, wherein the LED light source and the reflector are arranged in the light adjustment cover, The light adjustment cover rotates in the circumferential direction relative to the LED light source to adjust the blue light in the light emitting area; thereby realizing the adjustment of the light source emitted by the LED lighting fixture and changing the ratio of red and blue light, making the light generated by the LED intelligent plant lighting more suitable for plants growth.

In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following will describe the exemplary embodiments of the present utility model in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

In order to better understand the above-mentioned technical solution, the above-mentioned technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an LED intelligent plant lighting fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG.

The lamp body 10 defines an accommodating cavity 11, through which the remaining components of the LED intelligent plant lighting fixture can be accommodated, and the installation of the LED intelligent plant lighting fixture is facilitated. It should be noted that the shape of the lamp body Adaptation can be performed according to the designated station where installation is required, and the shape of the lamp body 10 is not limited here.

Wherein, the lamp body 10 can be set as a heat dissipation lamp body, so as to dissipate heat to each component installed in the accommodation cavity 11 through the heat dissipation lamp body, ensure the working environment of each component, and prolong the service life of the LED intelligent plant lighting lamp.

As an example, the lamp body 10 includes a heat dissipation base 12 made of an aluminum alloy material, and meanwhile, the heat dissipation base 12 defines an accommodation cavity 11 for accommodating various components.

The LED light source 20 is fixedly installed in the receiving chamber 11, wherein the LED light source is used to emit blue light, that is, the LED light source 20 is a blue light source.

As an example, the blue light emitted by the LED light source 20 has a wavelength of 430nm-485nm. Specifically, a blue light chip of 430nm-485nm can be packaged as an LED light source, wherein the number of blue light chips can be 1-49 The multiple blue light chips can contain blue light chips with different wavelengths in the range of 430nm-485nm.

As another example, the wavelength of the blue light emitted by the LED light source 20 is 440nm-460nm, so that the blue light of 440nm-460nm can provide more suitable supplementary light for growing plants.

The reflective plate 30, the reflective plate 30 is arranged in the housing cavity 11, the reflective plate 30 is set corresponding to the LED light source 20, so as to limit the light emitting area of the LED light source 20; that is, when there is no reflective plate 30 to limit the light emitted by the LED light source 20 At this time, the light emitted by it is scattered light, which is not conducive to the adjustment of the light. Therefore, the light emitting area of the LED light source 20 can be limited by the reflector 30, and the light emitting area of the LED light source 20 can be limited, which is convenient for subsequent The light emitted by the light emitting area is adjusted to prevent the unadjusted light emitted by the LED light source 20 from directly acting on the plant body and affecting the photosynthesis of the plant.

Fluorescent sheet body 40, fluorescent sheet body 40 is arranged in the accommodation cavity 11, fluorescent sheet body 40 comprises transparent sheet body 41 and at least one red light sheet body 42, transparent sheet body 41 and at least one red light sheet body 42 form light adjustment cover 43. The LED light source 20 and the reflector 30 are arranged in the light adjustment cover 43, and the light adjustment cover 43 rotates in the circumferential direction relative to the LED light source 20 to adjust the blue light in the light emitting area.

That is to say, the LED light source 20 and the reflector 30 are arranged in the light adjustment cover 43, wherein the light adjustment cover 43 can rotate circumferentially relative to the LED light source 20 and the reflector 30, so that, during the rotation, through the transparent sheet 41 and at least one red light sheet body 42 to adjust the blue light emitted by the LED light source 20 .

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in some embodiments, the fluorescent sheet body 40 is rotatably connected to the lamp body 10, specifically, the two ends of the fluorescent sheet body 40 are provided with a first connecting member 44 and a second connecting member 44 respectively. Connecting piece 45, the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 are respectively provided at both ends of the lamp body 10, and the first connecting piece 44 and the second connecting piece 45 are respectively installed corresponding to the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 , and can rotate relative to the first groove 13 and the second groove 14.

As an example, the first connector 44 and the second connector 45 are cylindrical connectors, and the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 are cylindrical grooves suitable for the cylindrical connector, so that , when the cylindrical connecting piece is inserted into the cylindrical groove during installation, the fluorescent sheet body 40 can be rotatably connected with respect to the lamp body 10; it should be noted that the first connecting piece 44 and the second connecting piece 45 are also It can be an oval connector, and the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 can be adapted to the oval connector; therefore, the shape of the first connector 44 and the second connector 45 is not correct To limit.

Wherein, in order to prevent the LED light source 20 from following the rotation during the rotation of the fluorescent sheet body 40, the LED light source 20 can be fixedly connected to the lamp body 10. An opening is provided in one of the second grooves 14 and a fixed connector is provided on the LED light source 20 , so that the fixed connector is connected to the lamp body 10 through the opening.

In some embodiments, one of the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 is provided with a wedge-shaped hole 15, and one end of the LED light source 20 is provided with a wedge-shaped block 21 adapted to the wedge-shaped hole 15, and the LED light source 20 passes through The wedge block 21 is fixedly mounted on the lamp body 10 , so that the engagement between the wedge block 21 and the wedge hole 15 prevents the LED light source 20 from following rotation during the rotation of the fluorescent sheet body 40 .

In some embodiments, in order to facilitate the user's rotation of the fluorescent sheet 40 and prevent the user from being damaged by the heat emitted by the lamp body during the rotation of the fluorescent sheet 40, the LED intelligent plant proposed by the embodiment of the utility model The lighting fixture also includes an operating knob 50, wherein the other of the first groove 13 and the second groove 14 is provided with a through hole 16, and the operating knob 50 passes through the through hole 16 to connect with the first connecting member 44 and the second connecting member 44. One of the parts 45 is fixedly connected, so that through the fixed connection between the operation knob 50 and one of the first connection part 44 and the second connection part 45, the user can control the rotation operation of the fluorescent sheet body 40 by turning the operation knob 50 It should be noted that, preferably, the operating knob 50 is made of insulating material such as plastic, so that the safety of the user can be further ensured.

In some embodiments, in order to ensure that the LED light source 20 can be energized normally during the rotation of the fluorescent sheet body 40, the LED light source 20 can be energized in various ways, for example, the electrodes of the LED light source 20 are arranged to pass through the wedge-shaped block 21 , to connect the electrodes of the LED light source 20 with the external power introduced through the lamp body 10 through the fixed connection between the wedge block 21 and the lamp body 10, so as to ensure the normal power supply of the LED light source 20 during the rotation of the fluorescent sheet body 40.

As shown in FIG. 3 , as an example, a first brush 441 is sheathed on the first connecting member 44, and a second brush 442 is provided between the first connecting member 44 and the first electrode 22 of the LED light source 20, The second brush 442 corresponds to the first brush 441, so that the first connecting member 44 is electrically connected to the first electrode 22 during the rotation of the first connecting member 44, and the second connecting member 45 is sleeved with a third A brush 451, and a fourth brush 452 is provided between the second connecting member 45 and the second electrode 23 of the LED light source 20, the fourth brush 452 corresponds to the third brush 451, so that the second connecting member 45 During the rotation process, the second connecting member 45 and the second electrode 23 are electrified, specifically, the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 respectively correspond to the positive and negative poles of the LED light source 20, wherein the first brush 441 and the third brush 441 The brush 451 is used to establish the connection between the first connector 44 and the second connector 45 and the external power supply, and the second brush 442 and the fourth brush 452 are used to establish the first connector 44 and the second connector 45 The connection between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 ensures that the LED light source 20 can be powered on normally during the rotation of the first connecting member 44 and the second connecting member 45 .

As shown in Figure 3, in some embodiments, in order to ensure the adjustable range of LED intelligent plant lighting fixtures, the number of red light sheets 42 can be set to multiple pieces, so that through multiple red light sheets 42 to LED The blue light emitted by the light source 20 is adjusted to further increase the number of options for the ratio of blue light to red light.

As an example, the red light sheet 42 includes a first red light sheet 421 and a second red light sheet 422, and the transparent sheet 41 is arranged between the first red light sheet 421 and the second red light sheet 422 , wherein the fluorescence concentration of the first red light sheet 421 is greater than that of the second red light sheet 422, that is to say, the first red light sheet 421 is a high-concentration red light fluorescent sheet, and the second red light sheet 422 is a low concentration red light sheet. Concentrated red fluorescent film body.

As another example, the reflector 30 can be used to limit the light emitting area of the LED light source 20 to a range of 60 degrees, and the first red sheet 421, the transparent sheet 41, and the second red sheet 422 are sequentially arranged in a circumferential direction. Evenly arrange the sheets with a semicircular cross-section, so that in the process of rotation, the adjustment area covered by the first red sheet 421, the transparent sheet 41 and the second red sheet 422 can be adjusted to the light in the light output area. The blue light is adjusted to change the combination ratio of blue light and red light; The first red light sheet body 421, the transparent sheet body 41 and the second red light sheet body 422, the fluorescent sheet body 40 is arranged in a tubular shape, so that the user does not need to turn the fluorescent sheet body 40 in the process of turning. identification, further facilitating the user's use.

As an example, when the blue light in the light-emitting area passes through the red light sheet, the wavelength of the light it generates is 660nm-800nm, so that the growing plants are supplemented by light with a wavelength of 660nm-800nm, which is more Conducive to photosynthesis of plants.

In summary, the LED intelligent plant lighting fixture according to the embodiment of the present utility model includes: a lamp body, which defines an accommodation cavity for accommodating various components of the LED intelligent plant lighting fixture through the accommodation cavity; LED light source, LED light source Fixedly installed in the housing cavity, the LED light source is used to emit blue light, that is, the LED light source is installed in the housing cavity, and emits blue light after power-on; the reflector, the reflector is set in the housing cavity, and the reflector is set corresponding to the LED light source. To limit the light emitting area of the LED light source; the fluorescent sheet body, the fluorescent sheet body is arranged in the accommodating cavity, the fluorescent sheet body includes a transparent sheet body and at least one red light sheet body, the transparent sheet body and at least one red light sheet body form a light adjustment cover , wherein the LED light source and the reflector are arranged in the light adjustment cover, and the light adjustment cover rotates in the circumferential direction relative to the LED light source to adjust the blue light in the light emitting area; thereby realizing the adjustment of the light source emitted by the LED lighting fixture and changing the red and blue light The proportion makes the light generated by LED intelligent plant lighting more suitable for the growth of plants.

In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", Orientation indicated by "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. The positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation , so it cannot be interpreted as a limitation of the present utility model.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present utility model, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

In this utility model, unless otherwise specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connection, or integration; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "on" or "below" a second feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, and may also include the first and second features being in direct contact with each other. The features are not in direct contact but through another feature between them. Moreover, "above", "above" and "above" the first feature on the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature. "Below", "beneath" and "under" the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.

In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms should not be understood as necessarily referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limitations of the present invention, and those skilled in the art are within the scope of the present invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the above-described embodiments.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of LED intelligence plant illumination lamps and lanterns characterized by comprising

Lamp body, the lamp body limit accommodating chamber；

LED light source, the LED light source are fixedly mounted in the accommodating chamber, and the LED light source is to emit blue light；

Reflector, the reflector are arranged in the accommodating chamber, and the reflector corresponds to the LED light source setting, to limit The output optical zone domain of the LED light source；

Fluorescence sheet body, the fluorescence sheet body are arranged in the accommodating chamber, and the fluorescence sheet body includes transparent sheet and at least one A feux rouges sheet body, the transparent sheet and at least one described feux rouges sheet body form light and adjust cover, wherein the LED light source It being adjusted in cover with reflector setting in the light, the light adjusts cover and circumferentially rotates relative to the LED light source, with The blue light in the output optical zone domain is adjusted.

2. LED intelligence plant illumination lamps and lanterns as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that distinguish at the both ends of the fluorescence sheet body Equipped with the first connector and the second connector, the both ends of the lamp body are respectively equipped with the first groove and the second groove, and described first Connector and second connector respectively correspond first groove and second groove installation, and relatively described first recessed Slot and second groove can be rotated.

3. LED intelligence plant illumination lamps and lanterns as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that first groove and described second One in groove is provided with wedged hole, and one end of the LED light source is provided with wedge block compatible with the wedged hole, institute LED light source is stated to be fixedly mounted on the lamp body by the wedge block.

4. LED intelligence plant illumination lamps and lanterns as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that further include operation knob, wherein institute Another for stating in the first groove and second groove is provided with through-hole, and the operation knob passes through the through-hole and described the A connection piece is fixedly connected with one in second connector.

5. LED intelligence plant illumination lamps and lanterns as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that be arranged on first connector First brush, and the second brush, second brush are equipped between first connector and the first electrode of the LED light source It is corresponding with first brush, to make first connector and described first in the first connector rotary course It is powered between electrode, is arranged with third brush on second connector, and the of second connector and the LED light source The 4th brush is equipped between two electrodes, the 4th brush is corresponding with the third brush, to revolve in second connector To be powered between second connector and the second electrode during turning.

6. LED intelligence plant illumination lamps and lanterns according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the wave of the blue light A length of 430nm-485nm.

7. LED intelligence plant illumination lamps and lanterns as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the wavelength of the blue light is 440nm- 460nm。

8. LED intelligence plant illumination lamps and lanterns as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the feux rouges sheet body includes first red Mating plate body and the second feux rouges sheet body, wherein the transparent sheet is arranged in the first feux rouges sheet body and the second feux rouges piece Between body, the fluorescence intensity of the first feux rouges sheet body is greater than the fluorescence intensity of the second feux rouges sheet body.

9. LED intelligence plant illumination lamps and lanterns as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the blue light penetrates the feux rouges piece Wavelength after body is 660-800nm.

10. LED intelligence plant illumination lamps and lanterns as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the lamp body includes heat dissipation base, The heat dissipation base is made of aluminum alloy materials.