CN201554363U - A Turbine Type Torsional Hammer Drill Used in Hard Formation - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a turbine-type torsional percussion drilling tool for hard formations, which mainly consists of a shell, an anti-drop nut, an anti-drop baffle, a pull rod, a turbine motor, a cavity carrier, a rotary impactor and a drill near the drill bit. The shell is connected with the drill string short section near the drill bit by splines; the turbine is installed axially along the transmission shaft, and forms a turbine motor with the transmission shaft and diffuser; the upper end of the transmission shaft is connected to the tie rod through threads , the pull rod and the anti-drop nut at the upper end are connected by threads, and the anti-drop nut cooperates with the anti-drop baffle to prevent it from falling off. The impactor is placed in the cavity of the cavity carrier; the impact hammer in the rotary impactor cooperates with the impact bearing shoulder on the drill string short joint near the drill bit to form a ratchet structure. The utility model can improve the drilling efficiency and service life of the drill bit, reduce tripping and drilling costs.

Description

A Turbine Type Torsional Hammer Drill Used in Hard Formation

technical field

The utility model relates to a turbine-type torsional impact for hard formations, which is used for applying low-amplitude high-frequency torsional impacts to PDC bits during the drilling process of oil and gas drilling, and is especially suitable for drilling hard formations in deep wells with PDC bits. drilling tool.

Background technique

When PDC bits drill hard or abrasive formations, they often don't have enough torque to break up the formation, causing the bit to stop turning momentarily. At this time, the torsional energy is stored in the drill string, and the drill string will be tightened like clockwork. Once the torque required to shear and break the formation is generated, the drill string energy will be released, and a higher than usual force will be applied to the PDC teeth. Too much shock load, eventually shattering the diamond teeth and causing the bit to fail. During the drilling process, tripping and replacing failed PDC bits is an important factor that increases the cost of drilling. Focusing on the problem of drill bit failure caused by the stick-slip phenomenon of the drill bit or BHA during drilling, studies have shown that the failure rate of the drill bit can be reduced and the drilling speed can be increased by periodically applying small high-frequency torsional impacts on the drill bit. Under the guidance of this theory, a turbo torsional percussion drilling tool is designed. The tool can be installed directly above the PDC bit in a rotary drilling or directional drilling assembly. This tool can apply a small high-frequency torsional impact to the drill bit. When combined with the steady-state torque of the drill string, it can generate efficient rock-breaking torque on the drill bit, thereby greatly reducing the stick-slip phenomenon of the drill bit, greatly increasing the ROP and extending the drill bit. Life, reduce drill string vibration, reduce drilling costs. The tool is short in length, so it has little impact on the bottom hole assembly, and is applicable to the current drilling construction of deep wells, ultra-deep wells, directional wells, extended-reach wells and other special craft wells.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a turbine-type torsional percussion drilling tool for hard formations, which can solve stick-slip vibration or Prevent drill sticking, improve the drilling efficiency and service life of the drill bit, reduce tripping and drilling costs.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve this technical problem is: a turbine type torsional percussion drilling tool for hard formations, which is composed of a shell, an anti-drop nut, an anti-drop baffle, a pull rod, a turbine , transmission shaft, cavity carrier, rotary impactor and drill string sub-joint near the drill bit, etc., the housing and the drill string sub-joint near the drill bit are connected by splines; turbine, diffuser, annular cavity and transmission shaft Turbine motor, the turbine motor is fixed in the casing by screws; the turbine is installed axially along the transmission shaft, and an annular cavity is formed between the casing and the transmission shaft; the diffuser is installed in the annular cavity; the transmission shaft is evenly distributed along the circumference There are four diversion holes. The diversion holes are the circulation channels through which the fluid outside the transmission shaft flows into the inner hole of the transmission shaft. The upper end of the transmission shaft is connected to the pull rod through threads; The baffle plays the role of anti-dropping, and the anti-dropping baffle is fixed inside the shell by screws; an auxiliary thrust bearing is placed in the inner hole at the lower end of the drive shaft, and the lower end of the drive shaft is connected with the cavity carrier by threads; the upper end of the cavity carrier is placed The stop sleeve, the stop sleeve and the upper end of the short joint near the drill bit are threaded, and the upper end of the stop sleeve is placed with a thrust bearing; the rotating impactor is placed in the cavity of the cavity carrier and fixed by two pins, and the rotating impactor There is an impact hammer inside; the two pins are respectively placed in the hole formed by the cooperation of the two semicircular grooves in the cavity carrier and the annular groove and the elongated groove on the rotary impactor; the lower end of the cavity carrier There is an annular stopper, which is fixed by screws; the annular spring is installed between the annular stopper and the drill string pup near the drill bit; the female thread at the lower end of the drill string near the drill bit is used to connect the PDC bit or other tools, and the drill string pup near the drill bit There is an impact bearing shoulder; the impact hammer and the impact bearing shoulder cooperate to form a ratchet structure. Driven by the turbine motor, the cavity carrier drives the impact hammer to periodically impact the impact bearing shoulder, and passes through the short joint near the drill bit. The energy is transmitted to the drill bit or other tools; there are four 40° shell splines evenly distributed on the lower end of the shell, forming four 50° shell spline grooves; the near-bit drill string sub-joint has four 45° near-bit drills The column sub-section splines are arranged around and arranged on the end face of the near-drill bit drill string sub-section, forming four 45° near-drill bit drill string sub-section spline grooves.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. The tool is powered by a turbine motor, has good high temperature resistance, and does not cause centrifugal inertial force and lateral vibration; 2. It can apply a Low-amplitude high-frequency torsional impact force, thereby greatly reducing the stick-slip phenomenon of the drill bit and greatly increasing the ROP; 3. By periodically providing the torsional impact force to the drill bit, the torque can be stably transmitted to the bit, reducing the possibility of drill bit failure due to sticking possibility, reduce tripping and operating costs, and improve comprehensive technical and economic benefits.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a turbine-type torsional percussion drilling tool for hard formations of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is A-A sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view along B-B of Fig. 1 .

In the figure: 1. Shell, 2. Anti-drop nut, 3. Anti-drop baffle, 4. Pull rod, 5. Turbine, 6. Diffuser, 7. Drive shaft, 8. Annular cavity, 9. Guide hole , 10. Screw, 11. Stop sleeve, 12. Cavity carrier, 13. Pin, 14. Rotary impactor, 15. Ring stopper, 16. Ring spring, 17. Drill string sub-joint near the drill bit, 18. Male thread, 19. Female thread, 20. Pin, 21. Thrust bearing, 22. Auxiliary thrust bearing, 23. Annular groove, 24. Elongated groove, 25. Impact hammer, 26. Impact bearing shoulder , 27. Cavity, 28. Near drill bit drill string nipple spline, 29. Shell spline, 30. Near drill bit drill string nipple spline groove, 31. Shell spline groove, 32. Screw, 33. Screw.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the utility model is a turbine-type torsional percussion drilling tool for hard formations, which consists of a shell 1, an anti-drop nut 2, an anti-drop baffle plate 3, a pull rod 4, and a turbine 5 , drive shaft 7, cavity carrier 12, rotary impactor 14, and near-drill drill string sub-section 17, etc., the housing 1 and the near-drill drill string sub-section 17 are splined; the male on the upper end of the housing 1 The thread 18 is used to connect other tools. When the housing 1 is driven, the housing 1 and the near-bit drill string sub-section 17 cooperate with the near-drill bit drill string sub-section spline 28 through the housing spline 29 to drive the near-bit drill string The short joint 17; the turbine 5, the diffuser 6, the annular cavity 8 and the transmission shaft 7 form a turbine motor, which is fixed in the casing 1 by screws 10 and driven by drilling fluid; the turbine 5 is axially along the transmission shaft 7 Install and form an annular cavity 8 between the housing 1 and the transmission shaft 7, the diffuser 6 is installed in the annular cavity 8; the transmission shaft 7 is evenly distributed along the circumference with four diversion holes 9, and the diversion holes 9 are The external fluid of the transmission shaft 7 flows into the circulation channel of the inner hole of the transmission shaft 7; the upper end of the transmission shaft 7 is connected with the pull rod 4 through threads; Anti-drop function, the anti-drop baffle plate 3 is fixed inside the housing 1 by screws 32; an auxiliary thrust bearing 22 is arranged in the inner hole of the lower end of the transmission shaft 7, and the lower end of the transmission shaft 7 is connected with the cavity carrier 12 by threads; the cavity The stop sleeve 11 is placed on the upper end of the carrier 12, and the stop sleeve 11 is threadedly connected with the upper end of the drill string nipple 17 near the drill bit, and the thrust bearing 21 is placed on the upper end of the stop sleeve 11; the cooperation between the thrust bearing 21 and the auxiliary thrust bearing 22 The surface is embedded with a polycrystalline diamond composite sheet; the rotating impactor 14 is placed in the cavity 27 of the cavity carrier 12, fixed by pins 13 and 20, and there is an impact hammer 25 in the rotating impactor 14; the pins 13 and 20 are respectively placed in the cavity In the hole formed by two semicircular grooves in the cavity carrier 12 and the annular groove 23 and the elongated groove 24 on the rotary impactor 14; the cavity carrier 12 lower end has an annular stop 15, which is formed by The screw 33 is fixed, and the annular spring 16 is installed between the annular stopper 15 and the drill string sub-section 17 near the drill bit; 17 has the impact bearing shoulder 26; the impact hammer 25 and the impact bearing shoulder 26 cooperate to form a ratchet structure. Driven by the turbine motor, the cavity carrier 12 drives the impact hammer 25 to periodically impact the impact bearing shoulder 26, and through The near-bit drill string nipple 17 transfers energy to the drill bit or other tool.

As shown in Figure 2, the rotary impactor 14 is placed in the cavity 27 of the cavity carrier 12, fixed by the pin 13 and the pin 20, and it has a radially inwardly protruding impact hammer 25; one side of the rotary impactor 14 has An annular groove 23 has an elongated groove 24 on the opposite side, and the pins 13 and 20 are respectively arranged in the two grooves in the cavity carrier 12 and the annular groove 23 and the elongated groove of the rotary impactor 14. Groove 24 cooperates in the hole that forms; The size of annular groove 23 and elongated groove 24 is determined, so that rotary impactor 14 can be pivoted with pin 13, and by second pin 20 in elongated groove Sliding in the slot 24 enables the rotary impactor 14 to periodically rotate concentrically and eccentrically around the bearing shoulder 26 .

There is a radially outwardly protruding impact bearing shoulder 26 between the shafts of the drill string sub-joint 17 near the drill bit; when the drilling fluid drives the turbine motor to rotate, the turbine motor will drive the transmission shaft 7 to rotate, and the transmission shaft 7 passes through the cavity carrier 12 Drive the rotary impactor 14, and the impact hammer 25 in the rotary impactor 14 will periodically impact the bearing shoulder 26, and finally transmit the torque to the drill bit through the drill string nipple 17 near the drill bit.

As shown in Figure 3, four 40° shell splines 29 are evenly distributed on the lower end of the tool shell 1, forming four 50° shell spline grooves 31; there are four 45° short joints 17 near the drill bit. The near-drill bit drill string sub-section splines 28 are arranged around the end face of the near-drill bit drill string sub-section 17, forming four 45° near-drill bit drill string sub-section spline grooves 30. As shown in Figure 1, there is a drilling fluid circulation channel in the inner hole of the casing 1 and the drill string nipple 17 near the drill bit; the four diversion holes 9 are the circulation channels for the external fluid of the transmission shaft 7 to flow into the inner hole of the transmission shaft 7; Fluid finally all flows through the inner hole of drill string nipple 17 near the drill bit, and then flows to the drill bit.

When drilling into the formation, the near-bit drill string nipple 17 compresses the annular spring 16 upwards, and the shell spline 29 of the housing 1 and the near-bit drill string nipple spline 28 of the near-bit drill string nipple 17 are fully matched; When the tool stops drilling, the annular spring 16 returns to its original state, and the splines 28 of the drill string nipple near the drill bit are separated from the splines 29 of the casing. At this time, the lower end surface of the stop sleeve 11 is attached to the upper end surface of the cavity carrier 12 , to prevent the drill string short joint 17 near the drill bit from falling; the lower end surface of the anti-drop nut 2 fits with the upper end surface of the anti-drop baffle plate 3 to play an anti-drop effect, and prevent the motor from rotating through the friction of the two end faces; the ring spring 16 is in the The annular stop 15 acts between the end face of the near-bit drill string sub-section 17 .

Claims (4)

1. turbine type torsional pulse drilling tool that is used for hard formation, mainly form by housing (1), anti-lost nut (2), anti-lost block plate (3), pull bar (4), turbine (5), power transmission shaft (7), cavity vehicle (12), rotation impactor (14) and nearly drill bit drill string pipe nipple (17) etc., it is characterized in that described turbine (5), diffuser (6), toroidal cavity (8) and power transmission shaft (7) are formed turbine motor; Turbine (5) is axially installed along power transmission shaft (7), and forms toroidal cavity (8) between housing (1) and power transmission shaft (7), and diffuser (6) is installed in the toroidal cavity (8); Power transmission shaft (7) is uniformly distributed with four pod apertures (9) along the circumference, is mounted with auxiliary axial bearing (22) in the endoporus of power transmission shaft (7) lower end, and power transmission shaft (7) lower end and cavity vehicle (12) are by being threaded; Stop cover (11) is settled in cavity vehicle (12) upper end, and stop cover (11) is with closely drill bit drill string pipe nipple (17) upper end is with being threaded, and thrust bearing (21) is settled in stop cover (11) upper end; Rotate impactor (14) and be placed in the cavity (27) of cavity vehicle (12), fixing by pin (13,20); Two semi-circular recesses that pin (13,20) is placed in respectively in the cavity vehicle (12) cooperate in the hole of formation with annular groove (23) and strip groove (24) on rotating impactor (14); There is collar stop (15) cavity vehicle (12) lower end, and is fixing by screw (33); Ring spring (16) is installed between collar stop (15) and the nearly drill bit drill string pipe nipple (17).

2. a kind of turbine type torsional pulse drilling tool that is used for hard formation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, rotating in the impactor (14) has jump bit (25), holds on the nearly drill bit drill string pipe nipple (17) and hits the shaft shoulder (26), jump bit (25) and hold and hit the shaft shoulder (26) and cooperate the formation ratchet structure.

3. a kind of turbine type torsional pulse drilling tool that is used for hard formation according to claim 1 is characterized in that the matching surface of thrust bearing (21) and auxiliary axial bearing (22) is inlayed composite polycrystal-diamond.

4. a kind of turbine type torsional pulse drilling tool that is used for hard formation according to claim 1 is characterized in that housing (1) lower end is evenly equipped with four 40 ° housing spline (29), forms four 50 ° housing spline (31); Nearly drill bit drill string pipe nipple (17) has four 45 ° nearly drill bit drill string pipe nipple spline (28) to be arranged around on nearly drill bit drill string pipe nipple (17) end face, forms four 45 ° nearly drill bit drill string pipe nipple spline (30).

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