CN202594837U - Device for processing living organisms in ballast water by use of high-voltage pulse electric field - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for treating living organisms in ballast water by using a high-voltage pulse electric field, which includes a treatment chamber and a high-voltage pulse power supply. The two storage tanks are connected, and the seawater in the first storage tank enters the second storage tank after being processed in the treatment room. The high-voltage pulse power supply is connected with the treatment room to supply power for the treatment room; The line is connected with a high-voltage pulse power supply, which generates a high-voltage pulse electric field between the electrodes; using this device for high-voltage pulse treatment of ballast water, compared with other methods, has the advantages of short processing time, low operating costs, and no secondary pollution Features.

Description

Device for treating living organisms in ballast water using high-voltage pulsed electric field

technical field

The utility model relates to ship ballast water treatment equipment, in particular to a device for treating living organisms in ballast water by using a high-voltage pulse electric field.

Background technique

During the voyage of ocean-going ships, ballast is an inevitable state. While the ship is adding ballast water. Local aquatic organisms are also loaded into the ballast tanks, until the voyage is completed and discharged to the destination sea area with the ballast water. The random discharge of ballast water and sediment from ships will cause the breeding of harmful aquatic organisms and the spread of pathogens, destroy the ecological balance of organisms in different sea areas, and seriously threaten the marine environment. For this reason, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has attached great importance to the marine environmental problems caused by the ship's ballast water. As early as in the 1973 IMO conference, ballast water problems, especially those related to the migration of harmful pathogens The problem was raised; since 1990, the problem of ship ballast water has been included in the agenda of its Marine Environmental Protection Committee, comprehensive research has been carried out, the research and formulation of relevant guidelines, rules, and conventions have been started, and related technical research and equipment have been started. develop.

At present, there are many ballast water treatment methods that have been researched, developed or applied. Generally speaking, they can be divided into two types: physical treatment and chemical treatment according to the differences in treatment principles.

Physical treatment methods separate, eliminate or kill harmful organisms and substances in seawater by different means, the main means including filtration, centrifugal separation, heating, ultraviolet light, etc.

filter method. Filtration is a treatment method that filters out a certain volume of microorganisms or other pollutants in seawater through a filter device. The filtration method can directly filter out some foreign organisms, and different biological populations can be removed by selecting a suitable mesh. The effectiveness of this method is unquestionable, but the defects are also very obvious, such as viruses and bacteria, the smallest diameter is only 0.02μm and 0.1μm, the smallest protozoa is 2μm, the smallest dinoflagellate is 3μm, the filter mesh The more, the greater the pressure required for filtration, and backwashing will be required soon, otherwise the filtration will not be able to proceed. In fact, seawater, especially coastal ballast water itself contains a lot of suspended matter, which will make filtration more difficult, and if the mesh is too small, it will lose its effect. Therefore, there are certain problems in the feasibility of this method.

centrifugation. Centrifugation is a method of gravitationally separating seawater using rotating components to remove particles and organisms that have a different weight than seawater. This method removes most multicellular animals and plants, eggs, larvae, spores (including dormant spores that enter the sludge as harmful algae) and harmful pathogenic bacteria. However, when dealing with organisms (jellyfish, hairy jaws) with a specific gravity similar to that of seawater, the treatment effect is limited; in addition, the size of the equipment is large, and the installation space requirements are relatively high, especially when the processing volume is large, the equipment on the ship. Installation becomes extremely difficult. Therefore, it has basically failed to develop and apply on some real ships with large flow rates.

Heating method. According to the latest research, 40°C to 45°C is usually sufficient to kill or suppress harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water. Low temperature for long periods of time is more effective than high temperature for short periods of time. The temperature is 38°C-50°C, and the heating duration is 2-4 hours, which can kill most organisms, but if the organisms exist in the form of dormant spores, a higher temperature may be required, and it is difficult to achieve the effect of killing . The main problems in the implementation of heating treatment on board are that the piping system must be refitted, resulting in thermal stress, insufficient heat source, and poor treatment effect in winter.

UV method. At the wavelength of 240-260nm, especially at 253.7nm, it can kill organisms and pathogens in ballast water. The main problem in the application of this method is that because the coastal water contains a large amount of suspended matter that will block the irradiation of ultraviolet rays on organisms and pathogens, another kind of "yellow substance" (ie dissolved organic matter) contained in the ultraviolet rays is harmful to l=254nm in ultraviolet rays. Wavelength has a strong absorption effect, both of which will affect the processing effect and consume a lot of energy. In addition, if the iron content of the ballast water is high, it will be deposited on the quartz lamp tube, which will also affect the treatment effect. UV treatment is largely dependent on the size and morphology of the microbe. Seaweed requires a higher dose than bacteria due to its size and color. Blue-green seaweed is particularly resistant to UV rays and requires more radiation to kill than bacteria. The number of dead bacteria needs to be 2-3 grades larger. Another disadvantage of this treatment method is that some smaller organisms may leave the UV treatment unit untreated in the shadow of larger organisms, and cloudy water reduces UV penetration.

Chemical treatment is to kill harmful organisms through the action of drugs to eliminate or reduce the harm of ballast water to the environment. The main methods are as follows:

Chlorine or chloride treatment. Chlorine or chloride is a good bactericidal drug and is widely used as a water treatment agent on land. The experimental results show that 5 mg/l of available chlorine can kill 99.85% of heterotrophic bacteria, 100% of Vibrio and 85.2% of fecal coliforms, and 20 mg/l of available chlorine can kill almost all bacteria. The chlorination method is a more feasible method to treat the ship's ballast water, but its disadvantage is that it will cause accelerated bulkhead corrosion and emit chlorine odor.

Ozone method. Ozone has a high killing effect on bacteria and viruses, and the amount of ozone used is small and the contact time is short, and no halogenation reaction occurs. However, because ozone is in a highly unstable state, it can only be prepared on site and cannot be produced industrially like liquid chlorine, so the cost is often higher than that of chlorine treatment. Ozone disinfection equipment investment and operating costs are higher than general disinfection methods, and the cost is high when used on ships to treat ballast water, which is not easily accepted by ship owners. Ozone generating equipment and dosing devices are relatively complicated, and the dosage is not easy to adjust, which requires a high level of technical management and maintenance, which is not suitable for the environmental space and technical strength of ships.

Chlorine dioxide treatment. Chlorine dioxide has a good disinfection effect as a disinfectant. Studies have confirmed that chlorine dioxide has a good killing effect on Escherichia coli, bacteria, spore viruses and algae. However, chlorine dioxide is explosive and easily decomposed into chlorine oxide and oxygen when exposed to light, so it needs to be prepared on site when used. Therefore, the cost of disinfection with chlorine dioxide is relatively high, which is the main factor restricting the treatment of ballast water in ships.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to provide a device for treating living organisms in ballast water by using a high-voltage pulse electric field, which has the characteristics of short processing time, low operating cost, and no pollution.

The technical scheme that the utility model adopts for solving its technical problem is,

The device for treating living organisms in ballast water by using a high-voltage pulse electric field includes a treatment chamber and a high-voltage pulse power supply. The water inlet of the treatment chamber is connected with the first storage tank containing seawater to be treated, and its water outlet is connected with the second storage tank. The seawater in the first storage tank enters the second storage tank after being treated in the treatment chamber, and the high-voltage pulse power supply is connected with the treatment chamber to supply power for the treatment chamber;

Specifically, the processing chamber is composed of electrodes arranged in pairs, and each electrode is connected to a high-voltage pulse power supply through a line, and the high-voltage pulse power supply generates a high-voltage pulse electric field between the electrodes;

A water bath heating device is provided between the processing chamber and the storage equipment, and the seawater in the first storage tank enters the processing chamber after being heated by the water bath heating device; a peristaltic pump is provided between the water bath heating device and the first storage tank , the peristaltic pump transports the seawater in the first storage tank to the treatment chamber, and the peristaltic pump has a knob for adjusting the flow of seawater; the outlet of the water bath heating device is provided with a temperature sensor;

In addition, the high-voltage pulse power supply is connected with an oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope records the voltage and current parameters generated by the high-voltage pulse power supply; the high-voltage pulse power supply is provided with a controller for adjusting the pulse frequency and pulse width of the power supply; the water outlet of the treatment chamber Equipped with a temperature sensor.

This high-voltage pulsed electric field (High-Pulsed electric Fields, PEF) sterilization technology is a new type of sterilization technology that applies high-voltage pulses to the materials between the electrodes to kill microorganisms in the materials. Its high-intensity electric field is formed by storing a large amount of energy from the high-voltage DC power supply through the capacitor bank, and then releasing it in the form of high-voltage pulses.

The utility model has the advantages of using the device for high-pressure pulse treatment of ballast water. Compared with other methods, it has the characteristics of short treatment time, low operation cost, and no secondary pollution.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between electric field strength and Heterocurvium inactivation rate;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between power supply pulse width and Heterocurvium inactivation rate;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the power frequency and the inactivation rate of Heterocurvularia.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the utility model easy to understand, the utility model will be further elaborated below in combination with illustrations and specific embodiments.

As shown in Figure 1, the device proposed by the utility model to treat living organisms in ballast water by using a high-voltage pulse electric field includes a treatment chamber and a high-voltage pulse power supply. The water outlet is connected to the second storage tank, and the seawater in the first storage tank enters the second storage tank after being processed in the treatment chamber, and the high-voltage pulse power supply is connected to the treatment chamber to supply power for the treatment chamber; the treatment chamber is composed of electrodes arranged in pairs Each electrode is connected to a high-voltage pulse power supply through a line, and the high-voltage pulse power supply generates a high-voltage pulse electric field between the electrodes; a water bath heating device is installed between the processing chamber and the first storage tank, and the seawater in the storage device enters after being heated by the water bath heating device. In the processing chamber; a peristaltic pump is provided between the water bath heating device and the first storage tank, and the peristaltic pump transports the seawater in the first storage tank to the processing chamber, and the peristaltic pump has a knob for adjusting the seawater flow rate; the water bath heating device There is a temperature sensor at the exit; the high-voltage pulse power supply is connected to an oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope records the voltage and current parameters generated by the high-voltage pulse power supply; the high-voltage pulse power supply is equipped with a controller for adjusting the pulse frequency and pulse width of the power supply; the water outlet of the treatment room Equipped with a temperature sensor.

Among them, the high-voltage pulse power supply is the key of the device, which is used to generate pulse high voltage, and the pulse frequency and pulse width are controlled and adjusted by the controller on the power supply. The processing chamber is the core of the device. Electrodes are installed in the processing chamber. The distance between the electrodes is d=1~8mm. After the power is turned on, a pulse high voltage is applied between the electrodes to generate a pulsed strong electric field E, and the maximum electric field strength can reach 40kV. /cm, using strong electric field energy to process ballast water samples. The peristaltic pump is used to transport seawater. The flow rate can be controlled by the adjustment knob on the peristaltic pump. Two temperature measuring sensors can record the change of seawater temperature before and after PEF treatment in time, and control the temperature of seawater before treatment. The oscilloscope is used to record pulse voltage and pulse current, and display the waveform diagram of voltage and current.

Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4 are schematic diagrams of the relationship between electric field parameters and the inactivation rate of Heterocurvium algae. During the experiment, a certain amount of seawater containing Heterocurvium was prepared first, and the number of Heterocurvium in it was counted, and then it was preheated through the heating part, and the preheated seawater was processed through the high-pressure pulse processing chamber, and finally The number of Heterocurvium in the treated seawater is counted again, and compared with the number of Heterocurvium before treatment, so as to identify the inactivation effect of the device on microorganisms in seawater. During the experiment, the influence of various parameters on the inactivation effect is compared by changing the experimental parameters, so as to find out the influence of the experimental parameters on the experimental effect, and determine the range within which the parameters should be set to achieve the best effect. The experimental results show that the electric field strength, pulse width and pulse frequency of the power supply, and the temperature of seawater will all affect the inactivation effect of the algae. With the increase of the electric field strength, pulse width and pulse frequency, and seawater temperature, the inactivation effect will be more effective good.

Figure 2 shows the relationship between the electric field strength and the inactivation rate of Heterocurvium in seawater. It can be seen from the figure that the inactivation effect of Heterocurvium increases with the increase of the electric field strength. When the electric field strength is 8000V/cm, the different The inactivation rate of Curvularia was 20.1%, and when the electric field intensity increased to 25000V/cm, the inactivation rate of Heterocurvium increased to 52.3%;

Figure 3 shows the relationship between the pulse width of the power supply and the inactivation rate of Heterocurvium in seawater. It can be seen from the figure that the inactivation effect of Heterocurvium increases with the increase of pulse width. When the pulse width is 2us, the inactivation rate of Heterocurvium The inactivation rate of algae was 13.3%, and when the pulse width increased to 10us, the inactivation rate of Heterocurvium increased to 73.8%;

Figure 4 shows the relationship between the power frequency and the inactivation rate of Heterocurvium in seawater. It can be seen from the figure that the inactivation effect of Heterocurvium increases with the increase of frequency. When the frequency is 100 Hz, the inactivation rate of Heterocurvium The activity rate was 34%. When the frequency increased to 400Hz, the inactivation rate of Heterocurvium increased to 54.9%.

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present utility model have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the utility model is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principle of the utility model. The utility model does not depart from the spirit and scope of the utility model There will also be various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection required by the utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. utilize the device of living body biological in the pulsed electric field processing ballast; It is characterized in that, include treatment chamber and high-voltage pulse power source, the water-in of this treatment chamber with in adorn pending seawater first storage tank be communicated with; Its water outlet is communicated with second storage tank; Seawater in first storage tank is through getting into second storage tank after the processing of treatment chamber, high-voltage pulse power source links to each other with treatment chamber, is the treatment chamber power supply.

2. the device that utilizes living body biological in the pulsed electric field processing ballast according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said treatment chamber is made up of the electrode of paired setting, and each electrode is connected with high-voltage pulse power source through circuit, and high-voltage pulse power source produces pulsed electric field between electrode.

3. the device that utilizes living body biological in the pulsed electric field processing ballast according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Be provided with the heating in water bath device between the said treatment chamber and first storage tank, get in the treatment chamber after the heating of the seawater in first storage tank through the heating in water bath device.

4. the device that utilizes living body biological in the pulsed electric field processing ballast according to claim 3; It is characterized in that; Be provided with peristaltic pump between the said heating in water bath device and first storage tank; Peristaltic pump is delivered to the seawater in first storage tank in the treatment chamber, has the knob of regulating seawater flow on this peristaltic pump.

5. the device that utilizes living body biological in the pulsed electric field processing ballast according to claim 3 is characterized in that the exit of said heating in water bath device is provided with temperature probe.

6. the device that utilizes living body biological in the pulsed electric field processing ballast according to claim 1 is characterized in that said high-voltage pulse power source is connected with oscilloscope, the voltage and current parameter that the oscillograph recording high-voltage pulse power source produces.

7. the device that utilizes living body biological in the pulsed electric field processing ballast according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said high-voltage pulse power source is provided with the unit of regulating power pulse frequency and pulse pulsewidth.

8. the device that utilizes living body biological in the pulsed electric field processing ballast according to claim 1 is characterized in that the water outlet of said treatment chamber is provided with temperature probe.

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