CN222299917U - Optical waveguide device and optical switch system - Google Patents
Optical waveguide device and optical switch system Download PDFInfo
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- CN222299917U CN222299917U CN202420101796.9U CN202420101796U CN222299917U CN 222299917 U CN222299917 U CN 222299917U CN 202420101796 U CN202420101796 U CN 202420101796U CN 222299917 U CN222299917 U CN 222299917U
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Abstract
The optical waveguide device comprises a first input optical fiber, a second input optical fiber, a first optical fiber coupling structure, a first waveguide structure, a primary multimode interference coupler structure, a Mach-Zehnder structure, a secondary multimode interference coupler structure, a second waveguide structure, a second optical fiber coupling structure, a first output optical fiber and a second output optical fiber which are connected in sequence, wherein a first control electrode and a second control electrode are arranged at corresponding positions of the Mach-Zehnder structure. The utility model provides an optical waveguide device which utilizes a polymer as a waveguide material and adopts a Mach-Zehnder structure and a multimode interference coupler to realize the 2X 2 optical switching function, can well realize the random switching of an optical path at 2 output ports, has potential economic and application values, and can be widely applied in the field of optical communication. According to different application scenes, the utility model can form an optical switch array system through various topological forms.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of optical waveguides, and particularly relates to an optical waveguide device and an optical switch system.
Background
The capacity requirement of the communication system has prompted the development of all-optical switching networks, and the optical switch, as a core device of the all-optical switching network, has important roles of optical routing and optical interconnection, and is widely used as a router, a wavelength selector and an optical cross-connect device of the optical communication system. The existing optical switch is difficult to realize topology cascade, has a narrow application range, and is high in cost, large in size and large in loss.
Disclosure of utility model
In order to solve the technical problems, the utility model provides an optical waveguide device and an optical switch system.
The aim of the utility model is realized by adopting the following technical scheme. The optical waveguide device comprises a first input optical fiber and a second input optical fiber, wherein the first input optical fiber and the second input optical fiber are aligned with a first waveguide structure through a first optical fiber coupling structure, the other end of the first waveguide structure is connected with a first-stage multimode interference coupler structure, the first-stage multimode interference coupler structure is connected with a Mach-Zehnder structure, the other end of the Mach-Zehnder structure is connected with a second-stage multimode interference coupler structure, the other end of the second-stage multimode interference coupler structure is connected with a second waveguide structure, the second waveguide structure is aligned with a first output optical fiber and a second output optical fiber through a second optical fiber coupling structure, and a first control electrode and a second control electrode are arranged at corresponding positions of the Mach-Zehnder structure.
Further, the high-efficiency high-power optical switch comprises a polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip adopting a silicon substrate, wherein a lower cladding layer, a core layer and an upper cladding layer are sequentially coated on the silicon substrate, the core layer comprises a multimode interference coupler structure core layer, a conventional waveguide structure core layer and a Mach-Zehnder structure core layer, a first control electrode and a second control electrode are arranged on the surface of the upper cladding layer at the corresponding position of the Mach-Zehnder structure core layer, the Mach-Zehnder structure comprises the Mach-Zehnder structure core layer, the primary multimode interference coupler structure and the secondary multimode interference coupler structure comprise the multimode interference coupler structure core layer, and the first waveguide structure and the second waveguide structure comprise the conventional waveguide structure core layer.
Further, the first optical fiber coupling structure and the second optical fiber coupling structure are fixed on the polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip through optical cement.
Furthermore, the materials coated on the lower cladding layer, the core layer and the upper cladding layer are polymer waveguide glue with different refractive indexes.
Further, the Mach-Zehnder structure adopts a structure with radian, the Mach-Zehnder structure is divided into two modulation arms, an optical path is divided into two parts, the optical path is respectively transmitted on the two modulation arms, the two modulation arms are arc-shaped, and in the transmission direction of the optical path, the distance between the two modulation arms is increased and then reduced.
The optical switch system comprises a plurality of optical waveguide devices connected through waveguide channels, wherein the optical waveguide devices are connected to form an optical switch array structure, a cross junction is formed at the cross overlapping position of the waveguide channels, and an arc transition structure is arranged from the input end and the output end of the cross junction to the central position of the cross junction.
Further, the optical switch array structure adopts Bene structure, the N x N optical switch system of Bene structure is divided into 2Log 2 N-1 level, and the number of optical waveguide devices of each level isThe total number of the optical waveguide devices isAnd each.
Furthermore, the optical switch array structure adopts a Cross-bar structure, the number of optical waveguide devices in an NxN optical switch system of the Cross-bar structure is N 2, and the number of optical switch units passing through an optical transmission path of the Cross-bar structure is in the range of 1 to 2N-1.
Further, the optical switch array structure adopts an N-STAGE PLANAR Architecture structure, the N-STAGE PLANAR Architecture structure of an N×N optical switch system is divided into N stages connected in series, the number of adjacent stages of optical waveguide devices is different, and when N is even, half of stages are usedMultiple optical waveguide devices, the other half of the stages being usedOptical waveguide devices, required to create an NxN optical switching systemAnd an optical waveguide device.
Further, the optical Switch array structure adopts a Switch-and-select structure or Dilated Banyan structure, the number of optical waveguide devices in any one of the n×n optical Switch systems formed by the two structures is 2N (N-1), and the number of optical waveguide devices on the optical transmission path is 2Log 2 N.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
The utility model provides an optical waveguide device which utilizes a polymer as a waveguide material and adopts a Mach-Zehnder structure and a multimode interference coupler to realize the 2X 2 optical switching function, can well realize the random switching of an optical path at 2 output ports, has potential economic and application values, and can be widely applied in the field of optical communication. According to different application scenes, the utility model can form an optical switch array system through various topological forms.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present utility model, and is intended to be implemented in accordance with the teachings of the present utility model, as well as the preferred embodiments thereof, together with the following detailed description of the utility model, given by way of illustration only, together with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical waveguide device in an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2a is a schematic partial view of an optical waveguide device in accordance with an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2b is a schematic cross-sectional view at A in FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 2c is a schematic cross-sectional view at B in FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 2d is a schematic cross-sectional view at C in FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of the optical path of the optical waveguide device according to the embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of another simulation result of an optical path of an optical waveguide device according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of an optical switching system with Bene architecture;
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the optical switching system of the Cross-bar configuration;
FIG. 4c is a schematic diagram of an optical switching system with an N-STAGE PLANAR Architecture configuration;
FIG. 4d is a schematic diagram of the Switch-and-select optical switching system;
FIG. 4e is a schematic diagram of an optical switching system with Dilated Banyan architecture;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-junction structure in an optical switching system.
[ Reference numerals ]
1-1, A first input optical fiber, 1-2, a second input optical fiber, 2, a polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip, 3-1, a first output optical fiber, 3-2, a second output optical fiber, 4-1, a first optical fiber coupling structure, 4-2, a second optical fiber coupling structure, 5-1, a first waveguide structure, 5-2, a second waveguide structure, 6-1, a primary multimode interference coupler structure, 6-2, a secondary multimode interference coupler structure, a 7-Mach-Zehnder structure, 8-1, a first control electrode, 8-2, a second control electrode, 9, a multimode interference coupler structure core layer, 10, a conventional waveguide structure core layer, 11, a Mach-Zehnder structure core layer, 12, an upper cladding layer, 13, a lower cladding layer, 14 and a silicon substrate.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
An embodiment of an optical waveguide device according to the present utility model is shown in fig. 1 to 3b, and will be hereinafter referred to as a device. The device relies on a silicon substrate platform, utilizes a polymer as a waveguide material, adopts a structure of combining Mach-Zehnder with a multimode interference coupler, realizes the 2×2 optical switching function, can well realize arbitrary switching of optical paths at 2 output ports, can be used as an optical switching unit for topology cascade connection, realizes the form of an optical switching array system, and can be widely applied in the field of optical communication.
The device comprises two paths of input optical fibers (a first input optical fiber 1-1 and a second input optical fiber 1-2 respectively), a polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip 2 and 2 paths of output optical fibers (a first output optical fiber 3-1 and a second output optical fiber 3-2 respectively). The polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip 2 comprises two optical fiber coupling structures (a first optical fiber coupling structure 4-1 and a second optical fiber coupling structure 4-2 respectively), a conventional waveguide structure (a first waveguide structure 5-1 and a second waveguide structure 5-2 respectively), two multimode interference coupler structures (a first-stage multimode interference coupler structure 6-1 and a second-stage multimode interference coupler structure 6-2 respectively), a Mach-Zehnder structure 7 and two control electrodes (a first control electrode 8-1 and a second control electrode 8-2 respectively).
The light beam can enter the device in two paths, and according to the transmission direction of the light beam, the light beam sequentially passes through corresponding input optical fibers (a first input optical fiber 1-1 and/or a second input optical fiber 1-2), a first optical fiber coupling structure 4-1, a first waveguide structure 5-1, a first-stage multimode interference coupler structure 6-1, a Mach-Zehnder structure 7, a second-stage multimode interference coupler structure 6-2, a second waveguide structure 5-2 and a second optical fiber coupling structure 4-2, and then is output through corresponding output optical fibers (a first output optical fiber 3-1 and/or a second output optical fiber 3-2). The Mach-Zehnder structure 7 is provided with a first control electrode 8-1 and a second control electrode 8-2 corresponding to the two paths of light beams.
The first input optical fiber 1-1, the second input optical fiber 1-2 are aligned with the first waveguide structure 5-1 through the first optical fiber coupling structure 4-1, and the first output optical fiber 3-1, the second output optical fiber 3-2 are aligned with the second waveguide structure 5-2 through the second optical fiber coupling structure 4-2. The optical fiber coupling structure comprises a V-shaped groove structure, a U-shaped groove structure and the like for fixing the optical fiber, the optical fiber is limited and fixed in the optical fiber coupling structure, and the optical fiber coupling structure is fixed on the polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip 2 through optical cement, so that the optical fiber is aligned to the waveguide structure. The mach-zehnder structure 7 is also connected to the first-order multimode interference coupler 6-1 and the second-order multimode interference coupler 6-2, respectively, by a conventional waveguide structure.
As shown in fig. 2a, which is a schematic diagram of a portion of the optical waveguide device near the input end, the polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip 2 adopts a silicon substrate 14, a lower cladding layer 13, a core layer and an upper cladding layer 12 are sequentially coated on the silicon substrate 14, and polymer waveguide glue with different refractive indexes is coated on different layers, so that the volume can be reduced and the cost can be reduced by adopting a mode of coating and film forming. The core structures at different positions of the polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip 2 are different, wherein a multimode interference coupler core layer 9 is arranged at the position of the multimode interference coupler structure, a conventional waveguide structure core layer 10 is arranged at the position of the conventional waveguide structure, and a Mach-Zehnder structure core layer 11 is arranged at the position of the Mach-Zehnder structure 7. The multimode interference coupler core layer 9 is an integral body, and the conventional waveguide structure core layer 10 and the Mach-Zehnder structure core layer 11 are divided into two parallel parts, and the number of the light beams which can be input/output by the optical waveguide device is equal.
In the conventional waveguide structure, two conventional waveguide structure core layers 10 are provided, corresponding to the two light beams, respectively. Control electrodes are prepared on the upper surface of the Mach-Zehnder structure 7, and the Mach-Zehnder structure 7 is provided with two Mach-Zehnder structure core layers 11 which respectively correspond to two paths of light beams and two control electrodes (respectively, a first control electrode 8-1 and a second control electrode 8-2). The Mach-Zehnder structure 7 adopts a simulated structure with a proper radian, the Mach-Zehnder structure 7 is divided into two modulation arms, an optical path is divided into two parts, the optical path is respectively transmitted on the two modulation arms, the two modulation arms are at a certain distance and are arc-shaped, in the transmission direction of the optical path, the distance between the two modulation arms is increased first and then reduced, and the channel loss is reduced on the premise that mutual interference between electrodes is avoided.
The optical signals input by the first input optical fiber 1-1 (or the second input optical fiber 1-2) are divided into two paths through the first-stage multimode interference coupler 6-1 and respectively enter two interference arms (two Mach-Zehnder structure core layers 11) of the Mach-Zehnder structure 7, and the two paths of optical signals generate phase differences under the action of corresponding control electrodes, so that the interference output of which output port of the second-stage multimode interference coupler 6-2 is determined, and the switching and optical switching functions of the optical paths between the first output optical fiber 3-1 and the second output optical fiber 3-2 can be realized.
Fig. 3a and 3b are diagrams of simulation results of optical waveguide devices that implement 2×2 optical switching functions by using a polymer as a waveguide material and a structure of a mach-zehnder and multimode interference coupler, depending on a silicon substrate platform.
In order to realize an N x N optical switch system with large port number, the utility model provides various topological structures. Respectively, (a) Bene structure, (b) Cross-bar structure, (c) N-Stage PlanarArchitecture structure, (d) Switch-and-select structure, and (e) Dilated Banyan structure.
Fig. 4a to 4e show schematic diagrams of 5 topologies, in which each rectangular box represents a 2×2 optical switching unit (an optical waveguide device) and the straight line portion represents the waveguide channel. A 4 x 4 optical switching system is illustrated as an example.
Bene has many characteristics, such as reconfigurable, non-blocking, etc., and requires a minimum of optical switching units in making up an nxn optical switching system, as shown in fig. 4 a. The N x N optical switch system with Bene structure needs 2Log 2 N-1 stages, and the number of optical switch units in each stage is thatThe total number of the optical switch units isN is equal to or greater than 4, and as shown in FIG. 4a, a Bene structure of 4×4 has 3 stages and 6 optical switch units, and 2 cross junctions formed by the intersection of two waveguide channels. The Bene structure is characterized by the minimum number of optical switch units required, and the same number of optical switch units on each optical propagation path, so that the Bene structure is the structure most suitable for large-port optical switches.
The Cross-bar structure is shown in FIG. 4b, which is simple and scalable. However, the number of optical switching units required in the Cross-bar configuration reaches N 2 and cannot be optimized. If the number of ports >1, the consistency of the actual fabricated optical switching unit will greatly limit the maximum number of ports that can be reached by the Cross-bar configuration, which is also a disadvantage compared to the Bene configuration. Furthermore, the number of optical switching units passing through the optical transmission path is not fixed, the number of optical switching units varies between 1 and 2N-1, and the power dissipation of different paths is also different, so that the output optical power is related to the optical transmission path.
The N-STAGE PLANAR Architecture structure is implemented as shown in FIG. 4c with N stages connected in series, half of the stages being used when using a 2X 2 optical switching unit as a subunitThe other half of the stages of the optical switch units are usedA plurality of optical switch units, when N is even, creating an N x N optical switch array requiresThe optical switch unit is arranged, and the structure can realize generalized non-blocking characteristic.
For both the Switch-and-select and Dilated Banyan configurations, the number of optical switching units required to construct an N optical switching system is 2N (N-1). One advantage of both topologies is that each optical switching unit has only a single optical path in a certain switching state. This eliminates the spatial overlap of the two optical paths and thus reduces crosstalk. Furthermore, both structures also ensure that the number of optical switching units on each optical transmission path is fixed, being 2Log 2 N, which also makes the insertion loss of the optical switch independent of the optical transmission path. However, the number of optical switching units required for the two structures is the largest among the 5 optical switching systems, so that the two structures cannot be effectively expanded. The characteristics of the different optical switch topologies are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
It can be seen that under the above five topological structures, a cross-over structure is formed by the fact that the waveguide channels are overlapped with each other, and in this case, the utility model proposes a cross-over structure in the form of two overlapping deformations of 1×1MMI structures with 90 ° angles to each other to reduce transmission loss caused by the cross-over structure, as shown in fig. 5, the cross-over structure is a cross-shaped waveguide structure, and has two input ends and two output ends, and an arc transition structure is arranged between each input end and each output end and the center of the cross-over structure. The arc transition of the cross junction reduces the difficulty of the preparation process and simultaneously improves the transmission efficiency of the light extraction signal.
The optical waveguide device adopts the material form of the silicon substrate and the polymer, can greatly improve the film forming property of the waveguide adhesive, reduce the integral cost of the device, and realize the reduction of the integral volume of the device by utilizing the characteristic of adjustable refractive index of the polymer waveguide adhesive.
The utility model improves the coupling efficiency and reduces the coupling loss through the design of the optical fiber coupling structure on the chip of the polymer waveguide optical switch unit, and reduces the additional loss caused by mode mismatch, end surface gap and the like through coating the optical adhesive with refractive index at the joint.
The utility model adopts the multimode interference coupler structure to realize the distribution of light paths, improves the manufacturability of the product and the process tolerance in the preparation process, and is beneficial to reducing the production cost of the product.
The utility model takes the 2X 2 polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip as a modularized unit, can perform on-chip or/and off-chip topological cascade connection according to the requirement, forms an optical switch array system structure, and can be applied to a more complex optical path system.
In summary, the utility model provides an optical waveguide device which uses polymer as waveguide material and adopts Mach-Zehnder structure and multimode interference coupler to realize 2×2 optical switching function, can well realize arbitrary switching of optical paths at 2 output ports, has potential economic and application value, and can be widely applied in the field of optical communication. And the utility model can form an optical switch array structure system by including but not limited to the topological forms of fig. 4a to 4e according to different application scenes.
Although embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The optical waveguide device is characterized by comprising a first input optical fiber (1-1) and a second input optical fiber (1-2), wherein the first input optical fiber (1-1) and the second input optical fiber (1-2) are aligned with a first waveguide structure (5-1) through a first optical fiber coupling structure (4-1), the other end of the first waveguide structure (5-1) is connected with a first-stage multimode interference coupler structure (6-1), the first-stage multimode interference coupler structure (6-1) is connected with a Mach-Zehnder structure (7), the other end of the Mach-Zehnder structure (7) is connected with a second-stage multimode interference coupler structure (6-2), the other end of the second-stage multimode interference coupler structure (6-2) is connected with a second waveguide structure (5-2), the second waveguide structure (5-2) is aligned with a first output optical fiber (3-1) and a second output optical fiber (3-2) through a second optical fiber coupling structure (4-2), and a first control electrode (8-1) and a second control electrode (8-2) are arranged at corresponding positions of the Mach-Zehnder structure (7).
2. The optical waveguide device according to claim 1, wherein the optical waveguide device comprises a polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip (2) which adopts a silicon substrate (14), a lower cladding layer (13), a core layer and an upper cladding layer (12) are sequentially coated on the silicon substrate (14), the core layer comprises a multimode interference coupler structure core layer (9), a conventional waveguide structure core layer (10) and a Mach-Zehnder structure core layer (11), a first control electrode (8-1) and a second control electrode (8-2) are arranged on the surface of the upper cladding layer (12) at corresponding positions of the Mach-Zehnder structure core layer (11), the Mach-Zehnder structure (7) comprises the Mach-Zehnder structure core layer (11), the primary multimode interference coupler structure (6-1) and the secondary multimode interference coupler structure (6-2) comprise the multimode interference coupler structure core layer (9), and the first waveguide structure (5-1) and the second waveguide structure (5-2) comprise the conventional waveguide structure core layer (10).
3. An optical waveguide device according to claim 2, wherein the first optical fiber coupling structure (4-1) and the second optical fiber coupling structure (4-2) are fixed on the polymer waveguide optical switch unit chip (2) by optical cement.
4. An optical waveguide device according to claim 2, wherein the lower cladding (13), the core and the upper cladding (12) are coated with polymer waveguide glue having different refractive indexes.
5. The optical waveguide device according to claim 1, wherein the Mach-Zehnder structure (7) is a structure with radian, the Mach-Zehnder structure (7) is divided into two modulation arms, an optical path is divided into two parts, the optical path is transmitted on the two modulation arms respectively, the two modulation arms are arc-shaped, and in the transmission direction of the optical path, the distance between the two modulation arms is increased and then reduced.
6. The optical switch system is characterized by comprising a plurality of optical waveguide devices connected through waveguide channels, wherein the optical waveguide devices are connected to form an optical switch array structure, a cross junction is formed at the cross overlapping position of the waveguide channels, and an arc transition structure is arranged from the input end and the output end of the cross junction to the center position of the cross junction.
7. The optical switching system according to claim 6, wherein the optical switching array structure has Bene structures, and the N×N optical switching system having Bene structures is divided into 2Log 2 N-1 stages, and the number of optical waveguide devices in each stage isThe total number of the optical waveguide devices isAnd each.
8. An optical switching system according to claim 6, wherein the optical switching array structure adopts a Cross-bar structure, the number of optical waveguide devices in the N×N optical switching system of the Cross-bar structure is N 2, and the number of optical switching units passing through an optical transmission path of the Cross-bar structure is in a range of 1 to 2N-1.
9. An optical switching system according to claim 6, wherein said optical switching array structure is an N-STAGE PLANAR Architecture structure, N×N optical switching system of N-STAGE PLANAR Architecture structure is divided into N stages connected in series, the number of adjacent stages of optical waveguide devices is different, and when N is an even number, half of stages are usedMultiple optical waveguide devices, the other half of the stages being usedOptical waveguide devices, required to create an NxN optical switching systemAnd an optical waveguide device.
10. The optical Switch system according to claim 6, wherein the optical Switch array structure is a Switch-and-select structure or Dilated Banyan structure, the number of optical waveguide devices in any N X N optical Switch system composed of the two structures is 2N- (N-1), and the number of optical waveguide devices on the optical transmission path is 2Log 2 N.
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