CN223079799U - Main and standby power switching circuit - Google Patents
Main and standby power switching circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN223079799U CN223079799U CN202422037811.0U CN202422037811U CN223079799U CN 223079799 U CN223079799 U CN 223079799U CN 202422037811 U CN202422037811 U CN 202422037811U CN 223079799 U CN223079799 U CN 223079799U
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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种主备电切换电路，包括主用电池单元和备用电池单元直接或通过升压电路为切换单元供电；切换单元的电源输出端连接电源模块的输入端；电源模块的输出端分别与充电芯片的供电端和后级电路相连；切换单元的信号输出端与控制模块的信号接收端相连；充电芯片的输出端与备用电池单元的输入端相连；控制模块的使能端与充电芯片的控制端相连；在切换单元采用备用电池单元供电时，控制模块的使能端输出禁能信号；在切换单元将备用电池切出时，可以通过自身的信号输出端将切出的信号传输至控制模块；控制模块可以通过自身的使能端控制充电芯片停止工作，避免备用电池和充电芯片构成放电潜回路和电量损耗，延长续航时长。
The utility model provides a main-backup power switching circuit, comprising a main battery unit and a backup battery unit, which directly or through a boost circuit supply power to the switching unit; the power output end of the switching unit is connected to the input end of a power module; the output end of the power module is respectively connected to the power supply end and the back-stage circuit of a charging chip; the signal output end of the switching unit is connected to the signal receiving end of a control module; the output end of the charging chip is connected to the input end of the backup battery unit; the enable end of the control module is connected to the control end of the charging chip; when the switching unit is powered by the backup battery unit, the enable end of the control module outputs a disable signal; when the switching unit cuts out the backup battery, the cut-out signal can be transmitted to the control module through its own signal output end; the control module can control the charging chip to stop working through its own enable end, so as to avoid the backup battery and the charging chip from forming a discharge potential loop and power loss, thereby extending the battery life.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and particularly relates to a main and standby power switching circuit.
Background
In the design process of the vehicle-mounted terminal, a rescue function is required to be provided for the vehicle, the working characteristic of the rescue function of the vehicle requires that a standby battery of the vehicle-mounted terminal can work at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, and a communication of 10 minutes and a satellite searching duration of 60 minutes are required to be provided, wherein the satellite searching is the connection between a user terminal part and a space satellite, so that the position of the user terminal is determined, and the purpose of positioning is achieved.
At present, a mode that a main battery and a standby battery work in turn is adopted to supply power to the vehicle-mounted terminal, in order to ensure the continuity of power supply and the availability of a rescue function, the standby battery is disconnected when the main battery is adopted to supply power to the vehicle-mounted terminal, the situation that the electric quantity of the standby battery is insufficient to realize the rescue function is avoided, and the standby battery is adopted to supply power to the vehicle-mounted terminal when the main battery is disconnected or under-voltage.
However, since the standby battery in the circuit has a discharging latent circuit, that is, when the standby battery is used for supplying power to the vehicle-mounted terminal, the standby battery can charge itself through a charging path, that is, the discharging latent circuit, so that electric quantity loss is caused, and the duration of endurance is shortened.
Disclosure of utility model
Therefore, the present utility model is directed to a main/standby power switching circuit for controlling a charging chip to be turned off when a standby battery unit is cut in, so as to prolong the duration of the standby battery unit.
The application discloses a main and standby power switching circuit which comprises a main battery unit, a standby battery unit, a switching unit, a boost circuit, a power module, a charging chip and a control module, wherein the power module is connected with the main battery unit;
The output end of the main battery unit is connected with the first input end of the switching unit;
the output end of the standby battery unit is connected with the second input end of the switching unit through the boost circuit;
the power output end of the switching unit is connected with the input end of the power module;
the output end of the power supply module is respectively connected with the power supply end of the charging chip and the rear-stage circuit;
the signal output end of the switching unit is connected with the signal receiving end of the control module;
The output end of the charging chip is connected with the input end of the standby battery unit;
And when the switching unit supplies power by adopting the standby battery unit, the enabling end of the control module outputs a forbidden energy signal.
Optionally, the control end of the switching unit is connected with the control end of the control module.
Optionally, the switching unit comprises a detection unit and a switch unit;
The first input end of the detection unit receives an output signal of the main battery unit;
The second input end of the detection unit is used as a control end of the switching unit;
The output end of the detection unit is connected with the control end of the switch unit, and the connection point is used as the signal output end of the switch unit;
the first input end of the switching unit is used as the first input end of the switching unit;
a second input end of the switching unit is used as a second input end of the switching unit;
the output end of the switch unit is used as the power supply output end of the switching unit.
Optionally, the switch unit comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a third switch tube, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor and a seventh resistor;
the first end of the first switch tube is connected with one end of the first capacitor, and the connection point is used as a second input end of the switch unit;
the second end of the first switching tube is respectively connected with the second end of the second switching tube, one end of the first resistor and one end of the second resistor;
The control end of the first switching tube is respectively connected with the other end of the first resistor and one end of the third resistor;
The first end of the second switching tube is respectively connected with one end of the second capacitor and one end of the seventh resistor, and the connection point is used as the output end of the switching unit;
The control end of the second switching tube is respectively connected with the other end of the second resistor and one end of the fourth resistor;
The other end of the third resistor is connected with the other end of the fourth resistor and the first end of the third switching tube respectively;
the control end of the third switching tube is respectively connected with one end of the fifth resistor and one end of the sixth resistor;
The other end of the fifth resistor is used as a control end of the switch unit;
the other end of the seventh resistor is connected with one end of the third capacitor, and the connection point is used as a first input end of the switch unit;
The other end of the first capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor, the other end of the third capacitor, the second end of the third switch tube and the other end of the sixth resistor are grounded.
Optionally, the detection unit comprises a first diode, a second diode, a fourth switching tube, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor and an eleventh resistor;
The anode of the first diode is used as a first input end of the detection unit;
The cathode of the first diode is connected with one end of the eleventh resistor;
The other end of the eleventh resistor is connected with one end of the tenth resistor and the cathode of the second diode respectively;
one end of the eighth resistor is used as a second input end of the detection unit;
The other end of the eighth resistor is respectively connected with the anode of the second diode, the control end of the fourth switching tube and the first end of the fourth switching tube;
the other end of the tenth resistor is grounded;
The second end of the fourth switching tube is used as an output end of the detection unit.
Optionally, the device further comprises a driving unit;
The first end of the driving unit is connected with the signal output end of the switching unit;
the second end of the driving unit is connected with the enabling end of the control module;
And the third end of the driving unit is connected with the control end of the charging chip.
Optionally, the driving unit comprises a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor and a fifth switching tube;
One end of the twelfth resistor is used as a first end of the driving unit;
The other end of the twelfth resistor is connected with the control end of the fifth switching tube and one end of the thirteenth resistor respectively;
the first end of the fifth switching tube is connected with one end of the fifteenth resistor;
the other end of the fifteenth resistor is respectively connected with one end of the fourteenth resistor and one end of the sixteenth resistor, and a connection point is used as a third end of the driving unit;
the other end of the sixteenth resistor is used as a second end of the driving unit;
The other end of the thirteenth resistor, the second end of the fifth switch tube and the other end of the fourteenth resistor are all grounded.
Optionally, the device also comprises an anti-reflection unit;
The anti-reflection unit is arranged between the main battery unit and the switching unit.
Optionally, the device also comprises a voltage stabilizing unit and a filtering unit;
The voltage stabilizing unit and the filtering unit are arranged between the main battery unit and the switching unit.
Optionally, the device further comprises a detection unit;
The detection unit is used for detecting information of the main and standby power switching circuits and transmitting the information to the control module, wherein the information of the main and standby power switching circuits comprises the temperature of the standby battery unit, the output end voltage and the output end current of the charging chip.
According to the technical scheme, the main and standby power switching circuit comprises the output end of a main battery unit connected with a first input end of a switching unit, the output end of a standby battery unit connected with a second input end of the switching unit through a boosting circuit, the power output end of the switching unit connected with the input end of a power module, the output end of the power module connected with a power supply end and a rear-stage circuit of a charging chip respectively, the signal output end of the switching unit connected with a signal receiving end of a control module, the output end of the charging chip connected with the input end of the standby battery unit, the enabling end of the control module connected with a control end of the charging chip, the enabling end of the control module outputting a disabling signal when the switching unit supplies power to the standby battery unit, the switching unit can transmit the cut signal to the control module through the signal output end of the switching unit when the switching unit cuts the standby battery out, and the control module can control the charging chip to stop working through the enabling end of the switching unit, so that the standby battery and the charging chip are prevented from forming a discharging latent circuit and electric quantity loss, and duration is prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present utility model, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main/standby power switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another active/standby switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another active/standby switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another active/standby switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model;
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another active/standby switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments of the present utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
In the present disclosure, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises an element.
The embodiment of the application provides a main and standby power switching circuit, which is used for solving the problems that in the prior art, as a standby battery in the circuit has a discharging latent circuit, namely, when the standby battery is adopted to supply power to a vehicle-mounted terminal, the standby battery can charge itself through a charging path, namely, the discharging latent circuit, so that electric quantity is lost, and the duration of a journey is shortened.
Referring to fig. 1, the main/standby power switching circuit includes a main battery unit, a standby battery unit, a switching unit, a boost circuit, a power module, a charging chip, and a control module.
The output end of the main battery unit is connected with the first input end of the switching unit.
The output end of the main battery unit transmits signals such as electric energy, voltage and the like to the first input end of the switching unit, and then the switching unit can transmit the electric energy signals of the first input end of the switching unit to the output end of the switching unit, so that the electric energy of the main battery unit can be transmitted to the power output end of the switching unit.
The primary battery unit may be an automotive battery unit. The power module may be a primary power module of the vehicle-mounted terminal.
Optionally, an anti-reflection unit can be further included.
The anti-reflection unit is arranged between the main battery unit and the switching unit.
The anti-reverse unit can prevent the standby battery unit from reversely charging the main battery unit.
The input end of the anti-reflection unit is connected with the output end of the main battery unit, and the output end of the anti-reflection unit is connected with the input end of the switching unit.
The anti-reflection unit may include an anti-reflection diode, an anode of the anti-reflection diode being an input terminal of the anti-reflection unit, and a cathode of the anti-reflection diode being an output terminal of the anti-reflection unit.
The number of the anti-reflection diodes in the anti-reflection unit can be a plurality of or 1, and the anti-reflection unit is not particularly limited herein, and can be used according to actual situations and is within the protection scope of the application.
Optionally, the device also comprises a voltage stabilizing unit and a filtering unit.
The voltage stabilizing unit and the filtering unit are arranged between the main battery unit and the switching unit.
Specifically, the input end of the voltage stabilizing unit is connected with the output end of the main battery unit, the output end of the voltage stabilizing unit is connected with the input end of the filtering unit, and the output end of the filtering unit is connected with the input end of the first switching unit.
When the anti-reflection unit is included, the input end of the anti-reflection unit is connected with the output end of the main battery unit, the input end of the voltage stabilizing unit is connected with the output end of the anti-reflection unit, the output end of the voltage stabilizing unit is connected with the input end of the filtering unit, and the output end of the filtering unit is connected with the input end of the first switching unit.
Of course, the positions of the voltage stabilizing unit and the filtering unit can be exchanged, or the anti-reflection unit is exchanged with any one of the voltage stabilizing unit and the filtering unit, which are not described in detail herein, and the positions are within the protection scope of the application according to the actual situation.
The output end of the standby battery unit is connected with the second input end of the switching unit through the boost circuit.
The output end of the standby battery unit transmits signals such as electric energy, voltage and the like to the second input end of the switching unit, and then the switching unit can transmit electric energy signals of the second input end of the switching unit to the output end of the switching unit, so that electric energy of the standby battery unit can be transmitted to the power output end of the switching unit.
The switching unit may switch the standby battery unit in or out, i.e. may control the standby battery unit to supply power to the vehicle-mounted terminal, for example, to supply power to the rear-stage circuit, or may control the standby battery unit to stop supplying power to the vehicle-mounted terminal, for example, to stop supplying power to the rear-stage circuit.
The power output end of the switching unit is connected with the input end of the power module.
The power module can process the power signal output by the power output end of the switching unit, such as performing alternating-direct conversion or amplification, and the like, and the functions of the power module are not limited, and the power module can be used as the practical situation.
The switching unit can judge according to the output voltage of the main battery unit, and when the output voltage of the main battery unit is smaller than the threshold voltage, the standby battery unit is controlled to cut in to supply power, so that the main battery unit and the standby battery unit can be switched automatically and the power supply module can be used.
The output end of the power module is respectively connected with the power supply end of the charging chip and the post-stage circuit.
That is, the power module supplies power to the charging chip and the post-stage circuit after processing the received power signal.
When the charging chip receives power supply, the charging chip can work normally, and can be controlled to stop working when the charging chip receives power supply.
The post-stage circuit can work normally after receiving power supply, for example, normal operation or rescue search and the like.
The signal output end of the switching unit is connected with the signal receiving end of the control module.
That is, the state of the switching unit may be transmitted to the signal receiving end of the control module through the output end thereof. When the switching unit is in different states, the standby battery unit can be switched in or out, for example, when the switching unit is in a switched-in state, the standby battery unit can be switched in, and when the switching unit is in a switched-out state, the standby battery unit can be switched out, so that the control module can know whether the standby battery unit is switched in or switched out.
The switching unit may be configured to switch in or switch out the main battery unit, and is not particularly limited herein, and may be configured to be within the scope of the present application as appropriate.
The output end of the charging chip is connected with the input end of the standby battery unit.
Furthermore, the charging chip can charge the backup battery, for example, when the backup battery unit is cut out and the backup battery unit needs to be charged, the charging chip can charge the backup battery unit with the electric energy of the main battery unit or other power sources, that is, the input voltage of the charging chip can be directly from the output voltage of the main battery unit.
As shown in fig. 2, a MOS transistor may be disposed between the output terminal of the charging chip and the input terminal of the battery cell.
Each english character in fig. 2 is a corresponding node or a voltage of the corresponding node, specifically:
UBD is the main electric voltage provided by the main battery unit, UB_PR is the voltage of the UBD after passing through the anti-reflection unit, UB_VCC is the voltage of the main electric voltage UBD of the main battery unit after passing through anti-reflection, voltage stabilization and pi filtering, UB_VCC_IN is the input end of the power supply module, VBAT_BOOST_8V3 is the output voltage of the standby battery unit through the boosting circuit and is used for providing the post-stage power supply, VCC5V_BAT is the output voltage of the power supply module, VBAT is the positive electrode output voltage of the standby battery unit, CHARGE_PWM is the PWM signal provided by the control module for the charging chip, and BAT_CHARGE_SHUTDOWN is the signal output end of the switching unit and can also be understood as a sign when switching the standby battery unit, wherein the high level represents switching into the standby battery unit, and the low level represents the use of the main battery unit.
And when the switching unit supplies power by adopting the standby battery unit, the enabling end of the control module outputs a forbidden energy signal.
The BOOST circuit may be a BOOST circuit.
When the switching unit supplies power by adopting the standby battery unit, the standby battery unit discharges, and the standby battery unit is boosted by the boosting circuit to VBAT_BOOS8V3 and then is input to the power supply module.
The output voltage of the standby battery unit can not meet the input voltage requirement of the primary power supply, and can be obtained after being boosted by the BOOST circuit, and the output voltage is the set output voltage value of the BOOST circuit.
Vbat_boost_8v3 is the voltage 8.3V boosted by the BOOST circuit of the standby battery unit and is used for providing the power supply to the subsequent stage.
The control module may be an MCU, and of course, may also be other devices, which are not specifically limited herein, and may be any control module depending on the actual situation, and are all within the protection scope of the present application.
As can be seen from the foregoing description, the control module may receive the status information output by the switching unit, and the control module may process the status information, so as to control the working state of the charging chip through the enabling end of the control module. When the switching unit adopts the main battery unit to supply power and the switching unit controls the standby battery to cut out, the enabling end of the control module outputs an enabling signal to control the charging chip to be turned off and stop working, namely, the control module can detect the working state of the switching unit, namely, the state of main and standby power switching, and further control the enabling and disabling of the charging chip according to the working state of the switching unit.
It should be noted that, in the prior art, the duration of the standby battery needs to be increased, however, a discharging latent circuit for the standby battery exists in the vehicle-mounted terminal, and the latent circuit is an unexpected signal transmission path, which may cause instability or interference of a circuit. The potential loops may be due to improper circuit design, wiring errors, or component failures. The discharging latent circuit of the standby battery may cause an increase in signal transmission delay, signal distortion or degradation of circuit performance, and the discharging latent circuit of the standby battery may cause an undesired discharging of the standby battery, shortening the duration of the standby battery.
However, in the main/standby power switching circuit provided by the application, if the standby battery unit is switched on and the charging chip is not turned off, a discharging latent circuit is formed, for example, as shown in fig. 3, the discharging latent circuit is formed by the standby battery unit, the booster circuit, the switching unit, the power supply module, the charging chip and the standby battery unit, so that the state of the switching unit is received by the control module to control the charging chip, and when the standby battery unit is switched on, the charging chip is controlled to be turned off, so that the discharging latent circuit is turned off, and the duration of endurance is prolonged.
In the embodiment, the output end of the main battery unit is connected with the first input end of the switching unit, the output end of the standby battery unit is connected with the second input end of the switching unit through the boost circuit, the power output end of the switching unit is connected with the input end of the power module, the output end of the power module is respectively connected with the power supply end of the charging chip and the later-stage circuit, the signal output end of the switching unit is connected with the signal receiving end of the control module, the output end of the charging chip is connected with the input end of the standby battery unit, the enabling end of the control module is connected with the control end of the charging chip, when the switching unit supplies power by adopting the standby battery unit, the enabling end of the control module outputs a forbidden energy signal, when the switching unit cuts the standby battery, the cut signal can be transmitted to the control module through the signal output end of the control module, the control module can control the charging chip to stop working through the enabling end of the control module, the standby battery and the charging chip are prevented from forming a discharging loop and electric quantity loss, and the duration is prolonged.
Optionally, the control end of the switching unit is connected with the control end of the control module.
That is, the switching unit is controlled by the control module. Specifically, the switching unit may control whether to switch into the backup battery unit according to the output voltage value of the main battery unit, or may control whether to switch into the backup battery unit according to the control signal of the control module. The control mode controlled by the control signal of the control module and the control mode controlled by the output voltage of the main battery unit can be independently used or combined, are not particularly limited, and can be within the protection scope of the application according to actual conditions.
Specifically, the control module can detect the energy storage condition of the main battery unit, receive the control signal of the upper computer and the like, and then send a corresponding control signal to the control end of the switching unit, so as to control the switching unit to cut in the standby battery unit.
The switching unit may also receive the output voltage of the main battery unit, and when the output voltage of the main battery unit is smaller than the threshold voltage, the switching unit switches in the standby battery unit.
The control signal output by the control end of the control module to the switching unit can be configured according to the requirement of the application scene, and the signal is not described in detail here.
The switching unit may control the standby battery to be switched out in normal state, and of course, may also be other situations, which are not described in detail herein, and may be determined according to actual situations, and all the situations are within the protection scope of the present application.
Alternatively, referring to FIG. 4, the switching unit includes a detecting unit (including D1, D2, R8, R9, R10, R11, and Q4 as shown in FIG. 4) and a switching unit (including Q1, Q2, Q3, C1, C2, C3, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 as shown in FIG. 4).
As shown in FIG. 4, MCU_ PWRPASS is the control end of the control module, namely the MCU transportation mode control pin, and is pulled down in the transportation mode and pulled up in other cases, UBPR _CUT is the voltage between the anodes of the first diode D1, which is connected to the output voltage of the main battery unit through the anti-reverse unit, and the voltage value can be used for judging whether the main battery unit is powered down.
The detection unit can be used for detecting whether a control signal sent by the control module is received or not and detecting whether the output voltage of the main battery unit is smaller than a threshold voltage or not. When the detection unit detects that the control switching signal sent by the control module or the output voltage of the main battery unit is smaller than the threshold voltage, the detection unit outputs the control signal to the switch unit, and the switch unit executes corresponding control actions.
The control signal sent by the control module may be a cut-out signal, i.e. the switch unit cuts out the spare battery cell. When the output voltage of the main battery unit is smaller than the threshold voltage, the switch unit cuts in the standby battery unit. Of course, the control signal sent by the control module may be a cut-in signal, and when the control signal is the cut-in signal, the standby battery unit may be cut in.
It should be noted that, the cut-out signal sent by the control module and the output voltage of the main battery unit are not simultaneously smaller than the threshold voltage.
When the control module sends out the cut-out signal, the vehicle is generally sent out in a transportation mode, and when the vehicle is in the transportation mode, the output voltage of the main battery unit is not smaller than the threshold voltage.
The first input end of the detection unit receives the output signal of the main battery unit.
Specifically, the first input end of the detection unit may be directly connected to the output end of the main battery unit, or may be connected to the output end of the main battery unit through the anti-reflection unit, for example, the output end of the main battery unit is connected to the input end of the anti-reflection unit, and the output end of the anti-reflection unit is connected to the first output end of the detection unit.
The second input end of the detection unit is used as a control end of the switching unit.
Specifically, the second input end of the detection unit is connected with the control end of the control module and receives the control signal of the control module.
The output end of the detection unit is connected with the control end of the switch unit, and the connection point is used as the signal output end of the switch unit and is connected with the signal receiving end of the control module.
That is, the output signal of the detection unit may be output to the signal receiving end of the control module as the output signal of the switching unit.
The first input end of the switch unit is used as the first input end of the switching unit and is connected with the output end of the main battery unit.
It should be noted that, an anti-reflection unit, a voltage stabilizing unit, a filtering unit, etc. may be further disposed between the first input end of the switch unit and the output end of the main battery unit, which are not specifically limited herein, and may be within the protection scope of the present application according to actual situations.
The voltage received by the first input end of the switch unit may be the voltage after the output voltage of the main battery unit is subjected to anti-reflection, voltage stabilization and filtering, the voltage received by the first input end of the detection unit may be the voltage after the output voltage of the main battery unit is subjected to anti-reflection, and of course, the voltage received by the first input end of the switch unit and the voltage received by the first input end of the detection unit may also be the same voltage, that is, after the first input end of the switch unit and the first input end of the detection unit may be connected, the first input end of the switch unit and the first input end of the detection unit are directly or indirectly connected with the output end of the main battery unit.
The second input end of the switch unit is used as the second input end of the switching unit and is connected with the output end of the standby battery unit through the boost circuit.
Specifically, the second input end of the switch unit is connected with the output end of the boost circuit, and the input end of the boost circuit is connected with the output end of the standby battery unit.
The output end of the switch unit is used as the power output end of the switching unit and is connected with the input end of the power module.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the switching unit includes a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a first switching tube Q1, a second switching tube Q2, a third switching tube Q3, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R, and a seventh resistor R7.
The first end of the first switch tube Q1 is connected with one end of the first capacitor C1, and the connection point is used as a second input end of the switch unit and is connected with the output end of the standby battery unit through the boost circuit.
Specifically, the first end of the first switch tube Q1 and one end of the first capacitor C1 are both connected with the output end of the boost circuit, and the input end of the boost circuit is connected with the output end of the standby battery unit.
The second end of the first switching tube Q1 is respectively connected with the second end of the second switching tube Q2, one end of the first resistor R1 and one end of the second resistor R2.
The control end of the first switching tube Q1 is respectively connected with the other end of the first resistor R1 and one end of the third resistor R3.
The first end of the second switching tube Q2 is respectively connected with one end of the second capacitor C2 and one end of the seventh resistor R7, and the connection point is used as an output end of the switching unit and is connected with an input end of the power supply module.
Specifically, the first end of the second switching tube Q2, one end of the second capacitor C2, and one end of the seventh resistor R7 are all connected to the input end of the power module.
The control end of the second switching tube Q2 is respectively connected with the other end of the second resistor R2 and one end of the fourth resistor R4.
The first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 may be PMOS tubes. The first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 are used for connecting or disconnecting the spare battery cell to the power module.
The other end of the third resistor R3 is respectively connected with the other end of the fourth resistor R4 and the first end of the third switching tube Q3.
The control end of the third switching tube Q3 is respectively connected with one end of the fifth resistor R5 and one end of the sixth resistor R.
The third switching transistor Q3 may be a triode.
When the third switching tube Q3 is turned on, the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 are pulled to the ground GND, at the moment, the gate-source voltages Vgs of the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 are smaller than the on voltage Vgs (th), the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 are turned on, the output end of the standby battery unit supplies power to the power module through the discharging loop, when the third switching tube Q3 is turned off, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 have no voltage drop, at the moment, the gate-source voltages Vgs=0 > Vgs (th) of the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 are turned off, and the discharging loop of the standby battery unit is cut off.
The other end of the fifth resistor R5 is used as a control end of the switch unit and is respectively connected with the output end of the detection unit and the signal input end of the control module.
Specifically, the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the second end of the fourth switching tube Q4 in the detection unit and the signal input end of the control module, respectively.
The other end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected with one end of the third capacitor C3, and the connection point is used as a first input end of the switch unit and is directly or indirectly connected with the output end of the main battery unit.
Specifically, the other end of the seventh resistor R7 and one end of the third capacitor C3 are both directly or indirectly connected to the output end of the main battery unit. For example, the other end of the seventh resistor R7 and one end of the third capacitor C3 are both directly connected to the output end of the main battery unit, or the other end of the seventh resistor R7 and one end of the third capacitor C3 are both connected to the output end of the main battery unit through at least one of the anti-reflection unit, the filtering unit and the voltage stabilizing unit.
The other end of the first capacitor C1, the other end of the second capacitor C2, the other end of the third capacitor C3, the second end of the third switching tube Q3 and the other end of the sixth resistor R are grounded to GND.
The first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2 and the third capacitor C3 are used for realizing circuit protection and voltage stabilization of the first input end, the second input end and the output end of the switching unit.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the detection unit includes a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a fourth switching tube Q4, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, and an eleventh resistor R11.
The anode of the first diode D1 is connected as a first input terminal of the detection unit, directly or indirectly, to the output terminal of the main battery unit.
The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to one end of the eleventh resistor R11.
The other end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to one end of the tenth resistor R10 and the cathode of the second diode D2, respectively.
One end of the eighth resistor R8 is used as a second input end of the detection unit and is connected with the control end of the control module.
The other end of the eighth resistor R8 is respectively connected with the anode of the second diode D2, the control end of the fourth switching tube Q4 and the first end of the fourth switching tube Q4.
The first diode D1 and the second diode D2 are used for realizing circuit protection.
The fourth switching transistor Q4 may be a triode.
It should be noted that, when the connection relationship between the control end of the control module and the control end of the switching unit is omitted, the eighth resistor R8 may directly use a pull-up power supply to replace or one end of the first resistor R1 is directly connected to the pull-up power supply. At this time, the switching unit is not controlled by the control module.
The other end of the tenth resistor R10 is grounded GND.
The second end of the fourth switching tube Q4 is used as the output end of the detection unit and is connected with one end of a fifth resistor R5 in the switching unit and the signal input end of the control module.
The main and standby power switching process of the switching unit will now be described:
(1) When the vehicle normally works, the control signal of the control module is pulled high, and under the working condition, if the output voltage of the main battery unit is lower than the threshold voltage, the vehicle-mounted terminal can be normally switched to a mode of power supply of the standby battery unit.
Specifically, when the output voltage of the main battery unit is reduced to be smaller than the threshold voltage, the voltage division of the ninth resistor R9 is increased, and when the voltage division value of the ninth resistor R9 is larger than the conduction threshold value of the fourth switching tube Q4, the fourth switching tube Q4 is turned on, then, the voltage division value of the sixth resistor R is increased, and when the voltage division value of the sixth resistor R is larger than the conduction threshold value of the third switching tube Q3, the third switching tube Q3 is turned on, and at the moment, the gate levels of the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 are lower, the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 are turned on, and the standby battery unit is turned on to start power supply.
When the output voltage of the main battery unit is recovered to be greater than the threshold voltage, the fourth switching tube Q4 is turned off, and the third switching tube Q3, the second switching tube Q2 and the first switching tube Q1 are also turned off, the standby battery unit is cut off, and the output voltage of the main battery unit supplies power to the power supply module through the seventh resistor R7.
The threshold voltage may be a set threshold voltage value, and specific values thereof are not described herein, and may be determined according to practical situations, and are all within the protection scope of the present application.
The threshold voltage may be set by adjusting the voltage dividing ratio of the first diode D1, the second diode D2, the eighth resistor R8, the ninth resistor R9, the tenth resistor R10, and the eleventh resistor R11.
Specifically, assuming that the voltage drop of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is 0.4V, r11=47kohm, r10=33kohm, r9=47kohm, r8=2kohm, ohm is a resistor unit ohm, the voltage of the control end of the control module or the corresponding pull-up power supply is 3.3V, the on voltage vbe=0.6v of the fourth switching tube Q4 can be calculated, when the output voltage of the main battery unit is greater than 5.91V, the fourth switching tube Q4 is turned off, the standby battery unit is cut out and does not work, and when the output voltage of the main battery unit is less than 5.91V, the fourth switching tube Q4 is turned on, and the standby battery is cut in and starts to supply power.
Therefore, the threshold voltage can be set to 5.91V, and the threshold voltage can be determined according to the actually adopted device type and circuit structure, so that the threshold voltage is not repeated here, and the threshold voltage is required to be within the protection scope of the application according to the actual situation.
(2) When the vehicle is in a transportation mode, a control signal of the control module is pulled down, a fourth switching tube Q4 and a third switching tube Q3 in the switching unit are in an off state, a first switching tube Q1 and a second switching tube Q2 are also in the off state, however, the follow current diodes in the first switching tube Q1 and the second switching tube Q2 have weak leakage currents, the follow current diodes can be regarded as normal leakage currents of the standby battery unit and the BOOST circuit, the standby battery unit is cut out, the standby battery unit in the mode can not discharge to a later-stage circuit through a discharge loop, and therefore, even if the vehicle-mounted terminal exits from the transportation mode, the standby battery unit carries enough electric quantity, and the situation that excessive electricity damages the battery can not occur.
The transportation mode is understood to mean that the vehicle-mounted terminal is in a shutdown state, and the standby battery unit of the vehicle-mounted terminal is not discharged in the transportation mode.
(3) In the state of adopting the standby battery unit to supply power, if the standby battery unit has an overdischarge condition, the control module cannot work normally, and a discharge loop of the standby battery unit is cut off, namely the standby battery unit cannot discharge to a later-stage circuit through the discharge loop, so that the protection of the standby battery is realized.
In the existing main/standby power switching technology, a self-lapping switch circuit is generally adopted between the output end of the main battery and the input end of the power module, so that the cost is high, and the seventh resistor R7 is adopted between the output end of the main battery unit and the power module, so that the cost of the main/standby power switching circuit is prevented from being increased.
Optionally, referring to FIG. 5, the drive unit (including R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, and Q5 as shown in FIG. 5) is also included.
The first end of the driving unit is connected with the signal output end of the switching unit.
The second end of the driving unit is connected with the enabling end of the control module.
The third end of the driving unit is connected with the control end of the charging chip.
When the control module is an MCU, the enabling end of the MCU can send PWM signals to the charging chip to control the on-off of the charging chip.
It should be noted that, the driving unit may be used to control the on/off of the charging chip independently, that is, a pure hardware circuit may be used to control the charging chip independently, or an MCU may be used to control the on/off of the charging chip independently, for example, pure software may be used to control the on/off of the charging chip, or a control mode of combining the driving unit and the MCU, that is, a control mode of combining software and hardware.
That is, the first end of the driving unit receives the signal of the switching unit and controls the on-off of the charging chip through the third end of the driving unit.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 5, the driving unit includes a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, a sixteenth resistor R16, and a fifth switching transistor Q5.
One end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the signal output terminal of the switching unit as the first end of the driving unit.
Specifically, a connection point between the fifth resistor R5 and the fourth switching tube Q4 in the switching unit is connected to one end of the twelfth resistor R12.
The other end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected with the control end of the fifth switching tube Q5 and one end of the thirteenth resistor R13 respectively.
The first terminal of the fifth switching tube Q5 is connected to one terminal of the fifteenth resistor R15.
The other end of the fifteenth resistor R15 is connected to one end of the fourteenth resistor R14 and one end of the sixteenth resistor R16, respectively, and the connection point is connected to the control end of the charging chip as the third end of the driving unit.
The other end of the sixteenth resistor R16 is connected to the enable terminal of the control module as a second end of the driving unit.
The other end of the thirteenth resistor R13, the second end of the fifth switching tube Q5 and the other end of the fourteenth resistor R14 are all grounded GND.
When the driving unit is used to independently control the charging chip, the other end of the sixteenth resistor R16 may be connected to a pull-up power source, the pull-up power source provides an enable signal, and when the driving unit receives the switching signal, the fifth switching tube Q5 is turned on, the control end of the charging chip is pulled down to ground, and the charging chip is controlled to be turned off.
Specifically, when the standby battery unit is cut in, the signal output end of the switching unit is pulled up while the fourth switching tube Q4 in the switching unit is turned on, the voltage division value of the thirteenth resistor R13 is increased, and when the voltage division value of the thirteenth resistor R13 is larger than the conduction threshold value of the fifth switching tube Q5, the fifth switching tube Q5 is conducted, the control end of the charging chip is pulled down, the charging chip is turned off, the situation that the standby battery charges the standby battery is avoided, and the duration of the standby battery is prolonged.
Meanwhile, the signal output end of the switching unit is set high when the signal receiving end of the control module monitors, and the vehicle-mounted terminal is judged to be in a state of supplying power to the standby battery unit, so that the control module controls unnecessary devices in the rear-stage circuit to be turned off, the electric quantity of the standby battery unit is saved, and meanwhile, the output of the PWM signal to the charging chip is stopped.
In order to make the fourth switching tube Q4 have the capability of pulling up the third switching tube Q3 and the fifth switching tube Q5 at the same time, the collector current Ic of the fourth switching tube Q4 is larger than the sum of the opening currents of the bases of the third switching tube Q3 and the fifth switching tube Q5. Accordingly, the resistance values of the fifth resistor R5, the sixth resistor R, the twelfth resistor R12, and the thirteenth resistor R13 need to be appropriately adjusted. If the saturated voltage drop vcesat=0.25V, r8=2kohm, r5=r12=43kohm, r6=r13=100kohm, mcu_pwrpass is 3.3V, the base-emitter turn-on voltages vbe=0.66V, and the base-on currents IBsat =0.01 mA of the third switching tube Q3 and the fifth switching tube Q5 are calculated, the base voltages vb=2.07V > vbe=0.66V of the third switching tube Q3 and the fifth switching tube Q5 are calculated, and the driving current is greater than 2 times IBsat, so that the third switching tube Q3 and the fifth switching tube Q5 can be driven simultaneously.
When the standby battery unit is cut out, the signal output end of the switching unit is pulled down while the fourth switching tube Q4 in the switching unit is turned off, the voltage division value of the thirteenth resistor R13 is reduced, and when the voltage division value of the thirteenth resistor R13 is smaller than the conduction threshold value of the fifth switching tube Q5, the fifth switching tube Q5 is turned off, the control end of the charging chip is pulled up, and the charging chip is turned on. Meanwhile, the signal receiving end of the control module monitors that the signal output end of the switching unit is pulled down to the ground, the control module judges that the vehicle-mounted terminal is in a state of supplying power to the main battery unit, and the control module continuously outputs PWM signals to the charging chip to control the charging chip to charge the standby battery unit and supplement the electric quantity of the standby battery unit.
In this embodiment, the connection and the standby charging control of the software to the standby battery unit can be realized by monitoring the main and standby power states through the software, so as to enhance the management of the standby battery unit.
Optionally, a detection unit is also included.
The detection unit is used for detecting information of the main and standby electric switching circuits and transmitting the information to the control module, wherein the information of the main and standby electric switching circuits comprises the temperature of the standby battery unit, the output terminal voltage of the charging chip and the output terminal current.
Specifically, a temperature sensor may be used to collect the temperature of the battery cell for the temperature of the battery cell. The output end voltage of the charging chip can be acquired through one end of the voltage dividing circuit connected with the output end of the charging chip and the other end of the voltage dividing circuit connected with the voltage pin of the control module, and the output end voltage of the charging chip can be acquired by the voltage sensor and transmitted to the control module. The specific acquisition and detection modes are not repeated here, and can be within the protection scope of the application according to actual conditions.
Therefore, the control module can collect the output voltage of the main battery unit and the output voltage, current and temperature information of the standby battery unit and output PWM signals to control the charging chip to enable.
The process of the control module outputting the PWM signal to control the charging chip can be that the control module outputs the PWM signal to the control end of the charging chip, namely the enabling pin of the charging chip, so as to control and adjust the output electricity of the charging chip. If the enabling pin of the charging chip receives a high level, the output current of the charging chip reaches a set current value, and if the enabling pin of the charging chip receives a low level, the output current of the charging chip is zero.
Features described in the embodiments in this specification may be replaced or combined, and identical and similar parts of the embodiments may be referred to each other, where each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments. In particular, for a system or system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to a method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, with reference to the description of the method embodiment being made in part. The systems and system embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the elements illustrated as separate elements may or may not be physically separate, and the elements shown as elements may or may not be physical elements, may be located in one place, or may be distributed over a plurality of network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand and implement the present invention without undue burden.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative elements and steps are described above generally in terms of functionality in order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present utility model.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present utility model. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the utility model. Thus, the present utility model is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The main and standby power switching circuit is characterized by comprising a main battery unit, a standby battery unit, a switching unit, a boost circuit, a power module, a charging chip and a control module;
The output end of the main battery unit is connected with the first input end of the switching unit;
the output end of the standby battery unit is connected with the second input end of the switching unit through the boost circuit;
the power output end of the switching unit is connected with the input end of the power module;
the output end of the power supply module is respectively connected with the power supply end of the charging chip and the rear-stage circuit;
the signal output end of the switching unit is connected with the signal receiving end of the control module;
The output end of the charging chip is connected with the input end of the standby battery unit;
And when the switching unit supplies power by adopting the standby battery unit, the enabling end of the control module outputs a forbidden energy signal.
2. The active-standby electrical switching circuit of claim 1, wherein a control terminal of the switching unit is connected to a control terminal of the control module.
3. The active-standby electrical switching circuit of claim 2, wherein the switching unit comprises a detection unit and a switching unit;
The first input end of the detection unit receives an output signal of the main battery unit;
The second input end of the detection unit is used as a control end of the switching unit;
The output end of the detection unit is connected with the control end of the switch unit, and the connection point is used as the signal output end of the switch unit;
the first input end of the switching unit is used as the first input end of the switching unit;
a second input end of the switching unit is used as a second input end of the switching unit;
the output end of the switch unit is used as the power supply output end of the switching unit.
4. The primary-standby power switching circuit according to claim 3, wherein the switching unit comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, and a seventh resistor;
the first end of the first switch tube is connected with one end of the first capacitor, and the connection point is used as a second input end of the switch unit;
the second end of the first switching tube is respectively connected with the second end of the second switching tube, one end of the first resistor and one end of the second resistor;
The control end of the first switching tube is respectively connected with the other end of the first resistor and one end of the third resistor;
The first end of the second switching tube is respectively connected with one end of the second capacitor and one end of the seventh resistor, and the connection point is used as the output end of the switching unit;
The control end of the second switching tube is respectively connected with the other end of the second resistor and one end of the fourth resistor;
The other end of the third resistor is connected with the other end of the fourth resistor and the first end of the third switching tube respectively;
the control end of the third switching tube is respectively connected with one end of the fifth resistor and one end of the sixth resistor;
The other end of the fifth resistor is used as a control end of the switch unit;
the other end of the seventh resistor is connected with one end of the third capacitor, and the connection point is used as a first input end of the switch unit;
The other end of the first capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor, the other end of the third capacitor, the second end of the third switch tube and the other end of the sixth resistor are grounded.
5. The active-standby switching circuit of claim 3, wherein the detection unit comprises a first diode, a second diode, a fourth switching tube, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, and an eleventh resistor;
The anode of the first diode is used as a first input end of the detection unit;
The cathode of the first diode is connected with one end of the eleventh resistor;
The other end of the eleventh resistor is connected with one end of the tenth resistor and the cathode of the second diode respectively;
one end of the eighth resistor is used as a second input end of the detection unit;
The other end of the eighth resistor is respectively connected with the anode of the second diode, the control end of the fourth switching tube and the first end of the fourth switching tube;
the other end of the tenth resistor is grounded;
The second end of the fourth switching tube is used as an output end of the detection unit.
6. The active-standby electrical switching circuit of claim 1, further comprising a drive unit;
The first end of the driving unit is connected with the signal output end of the switching unit;
the second end of the driving unit is connected with the enabling end of the control module;
And the third end of the driving unit is connected with the control end of the charging chip.
7. The active-standby electrical switching circuit of claim 6, wherein the drive unit comprises a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor, and a fifth switching tube;
One end of the twelfth resistor is used as a first end of the driving unit;
The other end of the twelfth resistor is connected with the control end of the fifth switching tube and one end of the thirteenth resistor respectively;
the first end of the fifth switching tube is connected with one end of the fifteenth resistor;
the other end of the fifteenth resistor is respectively connected with one end of the fourteenth resistor and one end of the sixteenth resistor, and a connection point is used as a third end of the driving unit;
the other end of the sixteenth resistor is used as a second end of the driving unit;
The other end of the thirteenth resistor, the second end of the fifth switch tube and the other end of the fourteenth resistor are all grounded.
8. The active-standby electrical switching circuit of claim 1, further comprising an anti-reflection unit;
The anti-reflection unit is arranged between the main battery unit and the switching unit.
9. The active-standby electrical switching circuit of claim 1, further comprising a voltage stabilizing unit and a filtering unit;
The voltage stabilizing unit and the filtering unit are arranged between the main battery unit and the switching unit.
10. The active-standby electrical switching circuit of claim 1, further comprising a detection unit;
The detection unit is used for detecting information of the main and standby power switching circuits and transmitting the information to the control module, wherein the information of the main and standby power switching circuits comprises the temperature of the standby battery unit, the output end voltage and the output end current of the charging chip.
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| CN202422037811.0U CN223079799U (en) | 2024-08-21 | 2024-08-21 | Main and standby power switching circuit |
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| CN202422037811.0U CN223079799U (en) | 2024-08-21 | 2024-08-21 | Main and standby power switching circuit |
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