DD290278A5 - SPACE IMMEDIATELY OPERATING MICROSCOPE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a room image-mediating surgical microscope. In order to provide insight into deep body cavities with natural aperture and image brightness, two diametrically opposed illumination devices are provided inclined to the optical axis, wherein the optical arrangement in the region between the objective and a single tube objective has only a single optical axis and means are provided, which associate the image observable with the left eyepiece exclusively to the illumination by the first illumination system and the image observable with the right eyepiece exclusively to the illumination by the second illumination system. Applicable in the context of surgical microscopic examination and working methods, preferably in narrow body cavities. Fig. 1 {surgical microscope; the binocular; Lighting systems; Paddles; Polarization; Inclination angle; Vergroeszerungswechsler}

Description

and means are provided which associate the observable with the left eyepiece image only the illumination by the first illumination system and the observable with the right eyepiece image exclusively the illumination by the second illumination system. It is advantageous that the illumination by the first and second illumination system takes place alternately with a frequency w and in the right and left eyepieces closures are provided, which are alternately opened and closed with the frequency w, wherein in visual observation the frequency above the flicker frequency of the human eye. A further embodiment consists in that in the case of non-depolarizing objects, the illumination takes place in two mutually perpendicular polarization directions and the assignment takes place by means of analyzers in the eyepiece. It is favorable that the angle of inclination of both illumination systems to the optical axis is the same and that the plane formed by the illumination systems is rotatable with respect to the topological object structure about the optical axis.

Surprisingly, it is made possible by the invention to provide a device between the objective and magnification changer for displacing the objective in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. This is possible at low volume with good static and dynamic properties of the x-y displacement system.

embodiment

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to schematic sketches

 Show it

Fig. 1: observation and illumination system for a surgical microscope

Fig. 2: spectral filter for one embodiment

Fig.3: version with oblique illuminators

Fig.4: Version as an endoscope

Fig. 5: embodiment of the light distributor

Fig. 6: Variable illumination base

Fig.7: Mitbeobachtereinrichtung.

The reference numbers have the following meaning: Figure 1 is the cross-section through an object with a narrow, cavernous depression. Figure 2 is a speculum for insertion into the entrance of the cavern 1. Figures 3 and 3 are fiber optic exit surfaces mounted at diametrically opposite positions on the edge of the exit side of the speculum. 4 is a lens, 5 is a magnification changer, usually realized by a Galilean telescope, or by a variosystem, 6 is a tube lens, 7 is a set of inverted prisms, 8 and 8 'are Oku la re. The elements tube lens 6, prism set 7 and eyepieces 8,8 'form a known Binokulartubus 9.10 and 10'sind Verschlußrespektive controls for quick opening and closing of the beam paths, preferably realized by PLZT ceramic whose optical transmission or scattering property is electrically controlled , 11 and 11 'are light input surfaces of optical fibers whose exit surfaces 3 and 3' have already been described. 12 and 12 'are condenser lenses, 13 and 13' are light sources. 14 and 14 'are closure-locking control elements for controlling the coupling of the light of the light sources 13, 13' in the light guide entry surfaces 11, 11 '

 The objective 4, the magnification changer 5 and the binocular tube 9 have a common optical axis 15

 The device according to the invention works as follows:

While the illuminating light emanating from the light source 13 is coupled through the opened control element 14 into the light input surface 11 and the object is illuminated from the edge of the speculum from the position of the light output surface 3, the control element 10 is opened and provides the observation through the associated eyepiece 8 free. At the same time, the controls 10 'and 14' are closed. In a subsequent phase, the controls 10 and 14 are closed and 10 'and 14' open. The frequency at which the phases change is above the flicker fusion frequency. Due to the bidirectional illumination caused by the positions of 3 and 3 ', the observer's left and right eyes see differences in image (differences in brightness as far as the shadow), which, like the transverse disparity in natural stereo vision, create a spatial perception. When moving the lens 5 by means of the guide 4 'by a distance X ₁ , the object point lying at x, is imaged in the field of view. The displacement of the object image in the field of view is effected solely by the displacement of the lens mount in the guide 4 '. The required holding and driving elements are determined in terms of their dimensions solely by dimensioning the lens.

In another embodiment of the observation method according to the invention, the isolation of the two observation and illumination beam paths by narrow-band interference filter 16, 16 'and 17, 17' of FIG. 2 is generated, which instead of the controls 10,10 'and 14,14' in illumination - and observation beam are introduced

 Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the method and apparatus according to the invention for the cases in which no speculum must be used. In these cases, the illumination takes place with two oblique illuminators 18, 18 ', consisting of light sources 13, 13' and condensers 12, 12 '. Control elements 14, 14 'cooperate with the control elements 8, 8' in the same way as was described for the control elements 8, 8 'and 11, 11' on the embodiment according to FIG

 In another embodiment of the device for the observation method according to the invention, the alternating distribution and coupling of the light takes place in the light guide according to FIG. In Fig. 4, 19 is a drive motor, 28 is an axle, 29 is a chopper disk, 30 is an electric, preferably a photoelectric encoder, 31 is an electronic device for switching the control elements 10, 10 '. In another embodiment, the controls 10,10 'are formed as mechanical closure elements and coupled directly to the mechanical light distribution device according to Figure 4. FIG. 5 shows a further functional element of the observation method according to the invention in an exemplary embodiment. 20 an object with a surface 21 and a linearly extended, directed topological structure 22. An observation device according to the invention has an optical axis 15. Two illumination systems 24 and 24 'inclined and fixedly connected to the optical axis 15 emit light bundles. whose center rays 25 and 25 'intersect at the center of the object field. The center beams 25, 25 'span a plane that is parallel

to the preferred direction of the topological structure 22 extends. 26 and 26 'are lighting systems whose position is defined by the fact that the plane spanned by their center beams 27 and 27' is perpendicular to the preferred direction of the topological structure 22. In one embodiment, this constellation is achieved by rotating the illumination systems 24 and 24 'together about the axis 23 through an angle of 90 degrees. In another embodiment, a plurality of illumination systems are arranged in pairs peripherally about the axis 15 and directed to the object field center. These lighting systems are switched on in pairs diametrically opposite each other and the described controls 10,10 'and 14,14' are alternately opened and closed to associate the visual impressions for the right and left eyes. The angle of rotation of the bidirectional illumination about the axis is freely selectable and adjustable according to the observation method according to the invention for optimum spatial effect. In another operating regime, the rotation of the bidirectional illumination plane about the axis 15 occurs periodically at a frequency which is well below the switching frequency of the controls 10, 10 'and 14, 14'.

Claims (6)

1. A space image mediating surgical microscope with a lens, a device for magnification change and a binocular vision, wherein at least a first and a second illumination system inclined to the optical axis and diametrically opposed, are provided, characterized in that the optical arrangement in the region between the lens and a single tube lens has only a single optical axis and means are provided which associate the observable with the left eyepiece image only the illumination by the first illumination system and the observable with the right eyepiece image only the illumination by the second illumination system. 2. Surgical microscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the illumination is performed by the first and second illumination system alternately at a frequency above the Flimmerverschmelzungsfrequenz of the eye and in the right and left eyepieces closures are provided, which are opened and closed alternately with this frequency. 3. Surgical microscope according to claim 1, characterized in that in non-depolarizing objects, the illumination takes place in two mutually perpendicular polarization directions and the assignment by means of analyzers in the eyepieces. 4. Surgical microscope according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the two illumination systems to the optical axis is the same. 5. Surgical microscope according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the plane formed by the illumination systems is rotatable, taking into account the topological object structure about the optical axis. 6. Surgical microscope according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that between lens and magnification changer, a device for displacing the lens is provided in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. For this 2 pages drawings Field of application of the invention The invention finds application in the context of surgical microscopic examination and working methods, preferably in narrow body cavities application, especially in those cases where the observation with the usual stereo base due to the geometric conditions is not possible. Characteristic of the known state of the art Surgical microscopes are commonly used with a stereo base width of 20 or 22mm. For cases in which body cavities are to be observed and manipulated, which are so narrow and deep that this obstructs the steropsis, there are occasional devices which have a smaller stereo base (DE 3506345, DE 3507458). This modification involves a reduction in the aperture, which necessarily reduces the resolution, in addition to the loss of image brightness. Furthermore, the nature and strength of the spatial impression in conventional stereoscopic systems can depend on the orientation of topological object structures to the stereo base. Object of the invention It is an object of the invention to overcome the drawbacks described and to provide a space image mediating observation method and a device therefor, which is not subject to the said limitations. Explanation of the essence of the invention It is an object of the invention to provide a room image mediating surgical microscope, which allows the insight into narrow and deep body cavities, maximum aperture or brightness and resolution with symmetrical use of optics allows and makes the position of the co-observer to the main observer freely selectable. It is also an object of the invention that, given any topological orientation of the objects, a maximum spatial impression is to be imparted. The object is achieved with a room image mediating surgical microscope with a lens, a device for magnification change and a binocular insight, wherein at least a first and a second illumination system inclined to the optical axis and provided diametrically opposite each other, achieved in that the optical arrangement in the area between Lens and a single tube lens only a single optical axis transmission (В) 530 550 570 XfnmJ Fig. 2 )) JV / 29/28 A9 Fig. 4 Fig. 5