DE102007053923B4 - Chopping device and method for crushing stem-like material with downstream Breitverteileinrichtung - Google Patents

Abstract

Chopping device for crushing stem-like material with nachge-arranged distribution device, comprising - a rotor (2) with pendulum-like fastening straps (3) or rigidly mounted in pairs on the rotor shell, spaced apart arranged chopping knives, - a rotor (2) rotatably receiving housing (10), having a stem-like material inlet opening (10A) and a crushed-material outlet opening (10B) (11B), and stationary knives (12) cooperating with the chopping knives, (10B) housing (10B); 10) subsequent distribution device (14) with the rotor axis (2A) obliquely extending baffles (9) for shredded Good (11B) below a roof element (14A) downwardly open channels (14B) for Gutablage form, wherein the flow velocity distribution of the comminuted Good (11B) and its distribution over a certain filing width the right u to the left with respect to the rotor shell (2B) obliquely oriented, curved or non-curved baffles (9) of the distributor (14) are combined with an arrangement of twisted chopping blades (4; 4A, 4B) on the rotor casing (2B) and wherein at least a part of the chopper knives (4A, 4B) are twisted in a manner known per se, forming knife regions inclined obliquely to the direction of rotation, characterized in that along the rotor (2 ) the choppers ...

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a chopping device for crushing stem-like material with downstream distribution device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for crushing stalk-like material with downstream distributor according to the preamble of claim 8. Accordingly, it is provided that the chopping device a rotor with pendulum-like attachment tabs or rigidly mounted in pairs or individually, arranged on the rotor circumference at a distance from each other arranged chopping knives and further comprises a rotor rotatably receiving housing, with an inlet opening for stem-like Good and an outlet for crushed Good and with fixed, cooperating with the chopping knives counter knives. In addition, the chopping device comprises a subsequent to the outlet opening of the housing distribution device with the rotor axis obliquely extending baffles for crushed Good, which form below a roof element downwardly open channels for Gutablage. For the flow velocity distribution of the comminuted material and its distribution over a certain storage width are in the device to the right and to the left with respect to the rotor shell obliquely oriented, curved or non-curved baffles of the distribution combined with an arrangement of twisted chopping knife on the rotor shell. At least some of the chopper knives are twisted in a manner known per se with the formation of knife regions inclined obliquely to the direction of rotation.

TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

Generic Häckselvorrichtungen are from the DE 199 06 453 B4 known. This describes a distribution and crushing device, in which on a drum circumferentially distributed, straight in straight chopping blades are arranged, which cooperate with fixed counter knives. Instead of swinging chopper also fixed drive plates can be mounted on the drum. The ejection opening of the crushing device is arranged downstream of the distributor with hanging arranged on a ceiling plate baffles. These form channels which are open at the bottom and rear and are curved (viewed from above) to the right or left, so that a broad distribution of the shredded material is achieved. The problem solved according to this document is that the curved baffles result in very moist or green and heavy conveyed material to a radiating Häckselgutabgabe on the ground. This strip problem is to be overcome by the fact that the baffles have at their rear ends obliquely inclined end edges, which leads in combination with the inclination of the baffles to a fanning of the discarded at this point Gutstromes.

The CA 2 339 437 A1 describes a non-generic chopping device, in which a uniform distribution is achieved by twisted along the rotor axis differently twisted pairs arranged chopper. This document teaches the doctrine to produce air currents by torsion of the chopper blades in such a way that an air stream of sufficient size directed axially outwards is directed with a directional component on the side wall of the housing near the rotor ends. The air flow near the rotor center should be lower compared to the edges. Incidentally, as many chopping blades (especially in the central rotor area) should be untorded in order to reduce the production costs and the drive energy requirement.

A device for Häckselung and subsequent distribution of stalk-like Good can also the US 2002/0107056 A1 be removed. To produce a widespread distribution of the material, the stalk-like material is acted upon by a fast air flow. To generate velocity components of the material transversely to the air flow, an arrangement of twisted chopping blades is provided on a rotor shell. The torsion of the chopper knives was oriented so that the knives in the end rotor shell sections produce an outwardly directed velocity component of the stalk-like material. The material is accelerated in this way in the region of the outer and end-side rotor shell sections against the baffles and braked there strongly. This is associated with considerable effort and at the same time has a detrimental effect on the homogeneity of the delivery of the comminuted material.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The invention has for its object to improve the storage of comminuted material on the field floor over a predetermined width in a uniform thickness and density in a generic chopping device. To solve this problem, a chopping device with the features of claim 1 is proposed. Accordingly, the invention is based on the idea that at least some of the chopper knives are twisted in a conventional manner to form a slanted obliquely inclined blade portion and arranged along the rotor longitudinal extent that they in combination with downstream baffles in the different width zones different air currents produce. To achieve an improved wide distribution this is done in such a way that the combination leads to the end-side rotor shell sections to a higher air flow rate than in a central rotor shell section. Particularly preferably, these air flows are adapted to the direction of the guide plates or they produce without adaptation to the direction of the baffles an increased conveying air flow.

By means of the invention, a comparatively uniformly thick and dense layer of comminuted material is made possible in a storage width which is relatively large compared to the width of the chopper device and essentially corresponds to the cutting width for stalk-like material. Particularly advantageous air velocity distributions have proven in which the air velocity from the rotor center to the rotor ends increases approximately parabolic. With the invention but also applications are possible in which the storage width is equal to or less than the cutting width.

The baffles of the distributor can be bent evenly and arranged substantially parallel to each other, but they can also diverge across the rotor width, d. H. have an increasingly large angle to the surface normal of the rotor.

For the purposes of the invention, "paddle knives" or "chopper knives" are understood as meaning knives attached to the rotor of a chopper device which have at least one section which is turned in the direction of rotation so that the respective chopper blade generates a flow of air in the intended operating state in the manner of a fan blade which causes the shredded material to be ejected from the chopping device with additional impulse. The interaction of thus generated air flow and downstream baffles causes a steady ejection of the shredded material. A homogeneous width, thickness and density of Gutteppichs has proven to be particularly important; even small amounts of discontinuous shredded material, which can produce the chaffing device, have an unfavorable effect.

According to the invention, the chopper blades or chopper blades alternate along the rotor in such a way that chopper knives, which are arranged in a V-shape relative to one another, are provided in end-side shell sections of the rotor and between these sections there are intermediate sections in which unilaterally twisted chopper knives or pairs are rectified twisted chopper knife are provided and arranged such that they each generate a conveying air flow with a pointing to the adjacent rotor end direction component. Preferably, in a middle section of the rotor situated between the intermediate sections, chopping blades forming V-shaped relative to one another and forming pairs of knives are arranged on the rotor circumference. Unlike the prior art, in the invention in the two intermediate zones of the rotor between the central zone and the edge zones outwardly directed air flows are generated obliquely to the rotor axis, which substantially coincide with the direction of the baffles in this zone, so that one of these Air flow forced directional change through the baffles is as good as unnecessary. In contrast, substantially non-deflected air flows are achieved in the edge zones by V-shaped choppers, so that the guide plates in these two zones of the generated air flow impose a not inconsiderable transverse component. Due to the V-shape of the twisted regions of each Häckselmesserpaares the air flow is here, however, sufficiently increased, so that the kinetic energy of the shredded material is so large despite the deflected by the baffles deflecting forces that the shredded material can be sufficiently thrown off. In other words, in the two Rotorendbereichen increased flow velocities are achieved by V-shaped arrangement of the pairs of twisted chopping knives. In these two areas, therefore, no flow with a flow component directed towards the rotor axis is generated by the chopper blades. The lateral deflection of the air flow takes place here solely by the outwardly directed downstream baffles. The increased flow energy required for this deflection is provided by the V-shape of the cutter pairs. In the two rotor areas adjoining the end areas toward the rotor center, the chopping blades are twisted in pairs in such a way that they produce an air flow with a direction component pointing to the side. The downstream flow baffles therefore have to impose at most low deflecting forces on this air flow, so that the wide fanbase of the Häckselgutstroms is already predetermined in this area by the Häckselmessertordierung and completed by the baffles. In the area of the rotor center, the pairs of choppers produce an air flow without a transverse component, so that at most a slight deflection is created by the downstream guide plates. Such a "five-zone concept" of a combination of different flow direction and flow rate generation by the paddle knives and more or less strong deflection by the guide plates is of independent inventive importance.

An improved wide distribution can be achieved by replacing four circumferentially distributed rows of chopping knife pairs six rows of such Häckselmesserpaare be distributed evenly distributed on the rotor circumference. The number of Häckselmesserpaare per row preferably varies from row to row, so that the Häckselmesserpaare about the rotor circumference approximately helically, in particular distribute in the form of a double helix.

With regard to a method, the object is achieved by the features of claim 8.

The above-mentioned and the claimed components to be used according to the invention described in the exemplary embodiments are not subject to special conditions of size, shape, material selection and technical design, so that the selection criteria known in the field of application can be used without restriction.

Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims, as well as from the following description of the accompanying drawings and table, in which - by way of example - an embodiment of a chopping device is shown.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

In the drawing show:

1 a chopping device with downstream Breitverteileinrichtung in side view and partially broken;

2 a view of the crushing and Breitverteileinrichtung after 1 from below and partly broken up;

3 from the crushing and Breitverteileinrichtung after 1 a plan view of the rotor after 1 from above;

4 a settlement of a rotor after 1 and 2 with schematically illustrated downstream baffles;

5 from the crushing and Breitverteileinrichtung after 1 to 4 a single chopper knife in different views;

6 for a crushing and Breitverteileinrichtung after 1 to 4 a velocity diagram as a function of the width of the discharge opening of the discharge channel as well

7 a storage carpet for shredded goods behind a mower.

DETAILED FIGURE DESCRIPTION

In the 1 and 2 illustrated chaffing device 1 includes a cylindrical rotor 2 , which has several rows of fastening straps 3 has, over the circumference of the rotor 2 are arranged approximately evenly distributed. In the illustrated embodiment, the rotor has 2 over 6 rows R1 to R6 of fixing straps 3 (see the settlement after 4 ). Each row has a plurality of fastening tabs 3 on; in the illustrated embodiment, there are alternately 7 or 8.

Again 3 can be seen, holds every fastening strap 3 a pair of paddle knives 4 which are designed as twisted chopper knives, the cutters facing each other or both are turned to the right or both pointing to the left oblique to the direction of rotation. Combinations of twisted and not twisted chopping knives in a pair are also possible. Also, in addition (not shown) wing-like, inclined to the direction of rotation elements for additional flow generation on the rotor 2 be provided.

4 shows the development of a rotor 2 with 6 mounting sides R1 to R6 for the paddle knives 4 ,

In the illustrated embodiment, the attachment side R1 has the following pairs of blades: Five pairs of blades 6 , each consisting of a "left" and a "right" twisted, so forming a V-shape knives, two of these pairs at the end-side sections A 'and A "of the rotor 2 and one of these pairs at the central portion B of the rotor 2 are attached. Two knife pairs 7 , each consisting of two "left" twisted knives, are on the one, between the middle section B and the one end portion A 'of the rotor 2 lying section C 'attached. A knife pair 8th consisting of two "right" twisted knives, is at the other, between the middle section B and the other end section A "of the rotor 2 lying section C "attached.

That in the 5 chopping knives shown 4A that from the DE 20 2005 010 055 U1 is known, is twisted to his left to the left. As in 3 As shown by way of example, the illustrated knife attachment row consists of both 2 "left" and 2 "right" twisted pairs of knives 7 . 8th as well as a middle pair of knives 5 and marginal knife pairs 6 together. The middle and marginal knife pairs each consist of a "left" twisted knife 4A and a "right" twisted knife 4B ,

Due to the different pairings and arrangements of the paddle knives 4A and 4B be generated over the rotor length different air currents, in conjunction with the baffles 9 the chopping device 1 cause the initially described advantageous storage of chopped goods on the field floor.

The Gutablage is optimal when air currents are generated, the flow velocities of which increase from the center of the outlet opening of the discharge channel of a chaffing device to the vertical boundaries of the opening in the manner of a parabola. 6 shows such a distribution of the air flow velocity. Depending on the design of the outlet opening or the complete chaffing device, the optimum airflow distribution must be adjusted. 7 shows a practical achieved with the invention storage result.

In the context of the invention, however, other combinations of baffles and twisted chopper knives are also useful. Referring to the five in 5 shown zones A ', C', B, C '', A '' prove - in each case together with the Leitblechenverteileinrichtungen the following zone combinations or combinations of corresponding arrangements of twisted chopper knives - particularly advantageous:
The zone combination A ', B, A''leads to a straight ejection against the baffles 9 and thus over the width varying discharge widths.

The zone combination C ', B, C' 'leads in combination with the baffles to a relatively wide fanning and Gutablage.

The zone combination C ', C' 'leads in combination with the baffles to form a double strip in the Gutablage.

The zone combination C '', C ', in which therefore the air flows towards the rotor center is amplified, leads to a channeling of Gutablage on a little wide strip, with the baffles reinforce this effect even if they are adapted to this direction of air flow direction ,

Overall, therefore, the invention thus provides extensive possibilities of improved and adapted to the needs storage of shredded material on the field soil.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

chopping

2

rotor

2A

rotor axis

2 B

rotor casing

3

mounting tabs

4

paddle blades

4A

on the left twisted knife

4B

right twisted knife

5

V-shaped knife arrangement

6

V-shaped knife arrangement

7

on the left twisted pair of knives

8th

right twisted pair of knives

9

baffle

10

casing

10A

inlet opening

10B

outlet opening

11B

shredded good

12

against knife

14

distributor

14A

roof elements

14B

channels

R1-R6

rows of knives

A ', A' '

end rotor shell sections

B

middle rotor shell section

C ', C' '

Rotor casing intermediate sections

Claims (8)

Chopping device for comminuting stalk-like material with downstream distribution device, comprising - a rotor ( 2 ) with pendulum-like fastening straps ( 3 ) or rigidly mounted in pairs on the rotor shell, spaced apart arranged chopping knives, - a rotor ( 2 ) rotatably receiving housing ( 10 ), with an entrance opening ( 10A ) for stem-like material and an outlet ( 10B ) for shredded goods ( 11B ) as well as with stationary counter knives cooperating with the chopping knives ( 12 ), - one at the outlet ( 10B ) of the housing ( 10 ) subsequent distribution device ( 14 ) with the rotor axis ( 2A ) inclined baffles ( 9 ) for shredded goods ( 11B ), which below a roof element ( 14A ) downwardly open channels ( 14B ) form the Gutablage, wherein the flow velocity distribution of the comminuted material ( 11B ) and its distribution over a certain storage width to the right and to the left with respect to the rotor shell ( 2 B ) obliquely oriented, curved or non-curved baffles ( 9 ) of the distribution device ( 14 ) are combined with an arrangement of twisted chopper knives ( 4 ; 4A . 4B ) on the rotor shell ( 2 B ) and wherein at least a part of the chaff ( 4A . 4B ) are twisted in a manner known per se with the formation of blade areas inclined at an angle to the direction of rotation, characterized in that along the rotor ( 2 ) the chopping blades or knife pairs ( 6 . 7 . 8th ) in such a way that V-shaped arranged to each other pairs of blades ( 6 ) forming chopping blades in end-side shell sections (A ', A'') of the rotor ( 2 ) are provided, and between these sections intermediate portions (C ', C'') are located, in which one-sided twisted Chopping knife ( 4A ; 4B ) or pairs of unidirectionally twisted chopper knives and arranged to each generate a conveying air flow with a directional component indicative of the adjacent rotor end, the V-shaped arrangement of twisted chopper knives being shaped to abut the end rotor shell sections (A ', A'). ') leading to a lateral deflection by the baffles, higher air flow velocity than in a central rotor shell portion (C', C '') with less strong deflection of the air flow leads. Chopping device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor shell ( 2 B ) is subdivided into lengths (A ', A'';B;C', C '') in which the shredded knives ( 4 ; 4A . 4B ) caused flow direction and flow rate generation and through the baffles ( 9 ) stronger or less strong flow deflection are combined differently with each other. Chopping device according to claim 1 or 2, arranged in rows with chopping knife pairs, characterized in that the number of chopping knife pairs per row, in particular from row to row, varies. Chopping device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the chopping blades or Häckselmesserpaare about the rotor circumference about helically, in particular in the form of a double helix, are distributed. Chopping device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by a parabolic through the rotor length between lateral boundaries and the middle of the discharge channel of the chopping device distribution of the flow velocities generated by twisted chopping blades. Chopping device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in a between the intermediate portions (C ';C'') located central shell portion (B) of the rotor ( 2 ) V-shaped to each other arranged, pairs of blades ( 6 ) forming chopping blades are arranged on the rotor circumference. Chopping device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rotor ( 2 ) non-cutting air blades for generating a conveying air flow at a right angle to the rotor axis ( 2A ) directed or pointing to the adjacent rotor end directional component. Process for comminuting stem-like material with subordinate distribution device, comprising - a rotor ( 2 ) with pendulum-like fastening straps ( 3 ) or rigidly mounted in pairs on the rotor shell, spaced apart arranged chopping knives, - a rotor ( 2 ) rotatably receiving housing ( 10 ), with an entrance opening ( 10A ) for stem-like material and an outlet ( 10B ) for shredded goods ( 11B ) as well as with stationary counter knives cooperating with the chopping knives ( 12 ), - one at the outlet ( 10B ) of the housing ( 10 ) subsequent distribution device ( 14 ) with the rotor axis ( 2A ) inclined baffles ( 9 ) for shredded goods ( 11B ), which below a roof element ( 14A ) downwardly open channels ( 14B Form to the Gutablage, characterized in that in the two end-side rotor shell sections increased flow velocity by V-shaped pairs of twisted chopper knives are generated, and that in the two rotor towards the rotor center towards the end portions subsequent rotor shell sections by one side twisted chopper an air flow with to Side-pointing direction component are generated so that the downstream Strömungsleitbleche this air flow must at most impose small deflection forces, so that the fan of the Häckselgutstroms in this area is already predetermined by the Häckselmesserertordierung and completed by the baffles, and that in the rotor center the chopping blades an air flow produce without cross component, so that at best a small deflection by the downstream baffles arises.

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