DE102009001732A1 - Improving the production potential of transgenic plant, by combating e.g. animal pests and/or microorganism, and/or increasing plant health, comprises treating the plants with active agent composition comprising trifloxystrobin - Google Patents
Improving the production potential of transgenic plant, by combating e.g. animal pests and/or microorganism, and/or increasing plant health, comprises treating the plants with active agent composition comprising trifloxystrobin Download PDFInfo
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- DE102009001732A1 DE102009001732A1 DE102009001732A DE102009001732A DE102009001732A1 DE 102009001732 A1 DE102009001732 A1 DE 102009001732A1 DE 102009001732 A DE102009001732 A DE 102009001732A DE 102009001732 A DE102009001732 A DE 102009001732A DE 102009001732 A1 DE102009001732 A1 DE 102009001732A1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/50—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids the nitrogen atom being doubly bound to the carbon skeleton
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Nutzung des Produktionspotentials durch die Bekämpfung von Schädlingen und/oder phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder Mikroorganismen und/oder die Verbesserung der Pflanzengesundheit dadurch, dass man transgene Pflanzen mit Chemikalien behandelt.The The invention relates to a method for improving the use of the Production potential by controlling pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms and / or the improvement of plant health by being transgenic Plants treated with chemicals.
Der Anteil transgener Pflanzen in der Landwirtschaft ist in den letzten Jahren deutlich gestiegen, wenn auch regionale Unterschiede derzeit noch erkennbar sind. So hat sich beispielsweise der Anteil an transgenem Mais in den USA seit 2001 von 26% auf 52% verdoppelt, während transgener Mais in Deutschland bisher kaum eine praktische Rolle gespielt hat. In anderen europäischen Ländern, beispielsweise in Spanien, liegt der Anteil an transgenem Mais aber bereits bei etwa 12%.Of the Proportion of transgenic plants in agriculture is in the last Years have risen significantly, although regional differences currently are still recognizable. For example, the proportion of transgenic corn has in the US since 2001 doubled from 26% to 52% while Transgenic maize has hardly played a practical role in Germany so far played. In other European countries, For example, in Spain, the proportion of transgenic corn but already at about 12%.
Transgene Pflanzen werden vor allem eingesetzt, um das Produktionspotential der jeweiligen Pflanzensorte bei möglichst geringem Einsatz von Produktionsmitteln möglichst günstig zu nutzen. Die genetische Veränderung der Pflanzen zielt dazu vor allem darauf ab, in den Pflanzen eine Resistenz gegen bestimmte Schädlinge oder Schadorganismen, phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen oder aber auch Herbizide sowie gegen abiotischen Stress (beispielsweise Dürre, Hitze oder erhöhte Salzgehalte) zu erzeugen. Ebenso kann eine Pflanze genetisch modifiziert werden, um bestimmte Qualitäts- oder Produktmerkmale, wie z. B. den Gehalt an ausgewählten Vitaminen, oder Ölen, zu erhöhen oder bestimmte Fasereigenschaften zu verbessern.transgenic Plants are mainly used to increase the production potential the respective plant variety with the least possible use to use as cheaply as possible of means of production. The genetic modification of plants aims to do so It is all about, in the plants, a resistance to certain pests or harmful organisms, phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms or else herbicides and abiotic stress (for example Drought, heat or elevated salt levels). As well can a plant be genetically modified to produce certain quality or product features, such as B. the content of selected Vitamins, or oils, increase or certain To improve fiber properties.
Eine Herbizidresistenz bzw. -toleranz kann beispielsweise durch den Einbau von Genen in die Nutzpflanze zur Expression von Enzymen zur Detoxifikation bestimmter Herbizide erreicht werden, so dass diese Pflanzen selbst in Gegenwart dieser Herbizide zur Bekämpfung von Unkräutern und Ungräsern möglichst ungehindert wachsen können. Als Beispiele seien Baumwoll-Sorten bzw. Mais-Sorten genannt, die den herbiziden Wirkstoff Glyphosate (Roundup®), (Roundup Ready®, Monsanto) oder die Herbizide Glufosinate (LibertyLink®) oder Oxynil tolerieren.A herbicide resistance or tolerance can be achieved for example by the incorporation of genes into the crop for the expression of enzymes for detoxification of certain herbicides, so that these plants can grow as unhindered as possible even in the presence of these herbicides for controlling weeds and grass weeds. Examples are cotton varieties or maize varieties (Roundup ®), (Roundup Ready ®, Monsanto) or the herbicides glufosinate (Liberty Link ®) or oxynil tolerate the herbicidal active ingredient glyphosate.
In jüngerer Zeit wurden zudem Nutzpflanzen entwickelt, die zwei oder mehrere genetische Veränderungen enthalten („stacked transgenic plants” oder mehrfach-transgene Kulturen). So hat beispielsweise die Firma Monsanto mehrfach-transgene Maissorten entwickelt, die gegen den Maiszünsler (Ostrinia nubilalis) und den Westlichen Maiswurzelbohrer (Diabrotica virgifera) resistent sind. Ebenso sind Mais- oder Baumwollkulturen bekannt, die sowohl gegen den Westlichen Maiswurzelbohrer bzw. den Baumwollkapselwurm resistent sind als auch das Herbizid Roundup® tolerieren.More recently, crops have been developed that contain two or more genetic alterations ("stacked transgenic plants" or multiple transgenic cultures). For example, Monsanto has developed multiple transgenic maize varieties that are resistant to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera). Similarly, maize and cotton crops are known to be resistant to both western corn rootworm and the cotton bollworm and the herbicide Roundup ® tolerate.
Es hat sich nunmehr gezeigt, dass sich das Produktionspotential transgener Nutzpflanzen dadurch weiter verbessern lässt, dass man Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen bekämpft und/oder die Pflanzengesundheit erhöht. Hierzu werden transgene Pflanzen mit Methyl alpha-(methoxyimino)-2-[[[[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]-benzeneacetate, auch bekannt unter dem Namen Trifloxystrobin und ggf. mit einem weiteren Wirkstoff behandelt.It has now shown that the production potential transgenerate Thereby further improving crops, that one Pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms fights and / or increases plant health. Transgenic plants with methyl alpha- (methoxyimino) -2 - [[[[[(1- [3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] ethylidene] amino] oxy] methyl] benzene acetates, also known under the name Trifloxystrobin and possibly with a treated further drug.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Ausnutzung des Produktionspotentials einer transgenen Pflanze durch Bekämpfung tierischer Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogener Pilzer und/oder Mikroorganismen und/oder durch Verbesserung der Pflanzengesundheit, bei dem die transgene Pflanze mit einer wirksamen Menge einer Zusammensetzung enthaltend Trifloxystrobin behandelt wird.object The invention is therefore a method for improving the utilization the production potential of a transgenic plant by control animal pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or Micro-organisms and / or by improving plant health, wherein the transgenic plant is treated with an effective amount of a composition containing trifloxystrobin.
In einer Ausführungsform 01 bezieht sich die Erfindung auf das vorerwähnte Verfahren, in dem die transgene Pflanze ausgewählt ist unter den in Tabelle A von A-1 bis A-133 oder Tabelle B von B-1 bis B-85 aufgeführten Pflanzen und gegebenenfalls die ein oder mehrere transgene Event(s) beinhalten (umfassen), die ausgewählt sind unter den in Tabelle A von A-1 bis A-133 oder Tabelle B von B-1 bis B-85 aufgeführten transgenen Events.In an embodiment 01, the invention relates to the aforesaid method in which the transgenic plant is selected from those in Table A of A-1 to A-133 or Table B from B-1 to B-85 listed plants and optionally, the one or more transgenic event (s) include (included) selected from those listed in Table A. transgenics listed from A-1 to A-133 or Table B from B-1 to B-85 Events.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform 02 bezieht sich die Erfindung auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, in dem die transgene Pflanze ein Merkmal, das auf einem oder mehreren transgenen Event(s) wie in Tabelle C von C-1 bis C-12 aufgelistet aufweist oder ein in Tabelle D von D-1 bis D-48 aufgezähltes transgenes Event umfasst.In another embodiment 02, the invention relates to the inventive method in which the transgenic plant a trait that is transgenic on one or more Event (s) as listed in Table C from C-1 to C-12 or a transgenic event enumerated in Table D from D-1 to D-48 includes.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform 03 bezieht sich die Erfindung auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. auf eines der Verfahren gemäß der Ausführungsform 01 oder 02, wobei die phytopathogenen Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen ausgewählt sind unter Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Deuteromycota, Glomeromycota, Microsporidia, Zygomycota, anamorphe Pilze und Oomycota.In a further embodiment 03, the invention relates to the method according to the invention or to one of the methods according to the embodiment 01 or 02, wherein the phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms are selected from Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Deuteromy cota, Glomeromycota, Microsporidia, Zygomycota, anamorphic fungi and Oomycota.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform 04 bezieht sich die Erfindung auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. auf eines der Verfahren gemäß der Ausführungsformen 01 bis 03, wobei die zu bekämpfenden tierischen Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen zumindest teilweise resistent oder tolerant sind gegenüber solchen transgenen Events, die der Pflanze eine Resistenz gegen die Wildtyp-Stämme oder sensitiven Stämme verleihen.In Another embodiment 04, the invention relates on the inventive method or on a the method according to the embodiments 01 to 03, wherein the animal pests to be controlled and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms at least partially resistant or tolerant to such Transgenic events that give the plant a resistance to the wild-type strains or confer sensitive strains.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform 05 bezieht sich die Erfindung auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. auf eines der Verfahren gemäß der Ausführungsformen 01 bis 04, wobei die transgene Pflanze ausgewählt ist unter den Hauptfeldfruchtarten, insbesondere Mais, Sojabohne, Baumwolle, Canola, Senf, Reis, Weizen, Zuckerrübe, Zuckerrohr, Hafer, Roggen, Gerste, Hirse, Triticale, Flax, Wein, Äpfel, Birnen, Aprikosen, Kirschen, Mandeln, Pfirsiche, Erdbeeren, Bananen, Kaffee, Zitronen, Orangen, Grapefruit, Tomaten, Kartoffeln, Paprika, Aubergine, Salat, Artischocke, Cichorum, Karotte, Petersilie, Stauden- und Wurzelsellerie, Gurke, Sommerkürbis, Wassermelone, Kürbisse, Melonen, Zwiebel, Lauch, Weißkohl, Rotkohl, Brokkoli, Blumenkohl, Rosenkohl, Pakchoi, Kohlrabi, Radieschen/Rettich, Meerrettich, Kresse, Chinakohl, Erdnüsse, Erbsen, Bohnen, Runkelrübe, Mangold, Spinat, rote Rübe, Okra und Spargel. Bevorzugt sind Baumwolle, Reis, Mais, Soja, und Canola und Gemüse.In another embodiment 05, the invention relates on the inventive method or on a the method according to the embodiments 01 to 04, wherein the transgenic plant is selected from main crops, in particular maize, soybean, cotton, Canola, mustard, rice, wheat, sugar beet, cane, oats, Rye, Barley, Millet, Triticale, Flax, Wine, Apples, Pears, Apricots, cherries, almonds, peaches, strawberries, bananas, coffee, Lemons, oranges, grapefruit, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplant, Salad, artichoke, cichorum, carrot, parsley, perennials and Root celery, cucumber, summer squash, watermelon, pumpkins, Melons, onion, leek, white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, Pakchoi, kohlrabi, radish / radish, horseradish, cress, Chinese cabbage, Peanuts, peas, beans, turnip, chard, Spinach, beet, okra and asparagus. Preference is given to cotton, Rice, corn, soy, and canola and vegetables.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform 06 bezieht sich die Erfindung auf das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bzw. auf eines der Verfahren gemäß der Ausführungsformen 01 bis 05, wobei die Zusammensetzung neben Trifloxystrobin noch mindestens einen weiteren Wirkstoff enthält, vorzugsweise einen Wirkstoff aus der Gruppe der Fungizide, Insektizide, Acarizide, Nematizide und/oder Herbizide.In Another embodiment 06, the invention relates on the inventive method or on a the method according to the embodiments 01 to 05, the composition besides Trifloxystrobin yet contains at least one further active ingredient, preferably an active substance from the group of fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, Nematicides and / or herbicides.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ebenfalls die Verwendung von Trifloxystrobin allein oder in Kombination mit weiteren Wirkstoffen, vorzugsweise mindestens einem Wirkstoff aus der Gruppe der Fungizide, Insektizide, Acarizide und/oder Nematizide, zur Behandlung von Saatgut transgener, Planzen, vorzugsweise solchen, wie in einer der Ausführungsformen 01 bis 05 definiert.object The invention is also the use of trifloxystrobin alone or in combination with other active ingredients, preferably at least an active substance from the group of fungicides, insecticides, acaricides and / or nematicides, for the treatment of seed transgenic plants, preferably such as in any of the embodiments 01 to 05 defined.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ebenfalls die Verwendung von Trifloxystrobin allein oder in Kombination mit weiteren Wirkstoffen, vorzugsweise mindestens einem Wirkstoff aus der Gruppe der Fungizide, Insektizide, Acarizide und/oder Nematizide, zur Behandlung von Saatgut transgener Planzen, vorzugsweise solchen, wie in einer der Ausführungsformen 01 bis 05 definiert, zur Verbesserung der Pflanzengesundheit.object The invention is also the use of trifloxystrobin alone or in combination with other active ingredients, preferably at least an active substance from the group of fungicides, insecticides, acaricides and / or nematicides, for the treatment of seed of transgenic plants, preferably such as in any of the embodiments 01 to 05 defines, to improve plant health.
Erfindungsgemäß steht der Ausdruck „pathogen” für alle Organismen, die Schäden an Pflanzen oder einem beliebigen Pflanzenteil verursachen.According to the invention the term "pathogenic" for all organisms, the damage to plants or any plant part cause.
Erfindungsgemäß umfasst der Ausdruck- „Pestizid” alle chemischen Agenzien mit fungizider und/oder insektizider und/oder herbizider und/oder acarizider und/oder bakterizider und/oder antiviraler und/oder nematizider Aktivität.According to the invention the term "pesticide" means all chemical agents with fungicidal and / or insecticidal and / or herbicidal and / or acaricidal and / or bactericidal and / or antiviral and / or nematicidal Activity.
Erfindungsgemäß steht der Ausdruck „Insektizid” oder „insektizid wirksam” für die Aktivität einer Verbindung bei der Bekämpfung von unerwünschten Insekten, Acari oder Nematoden, oder bei der Verringerung des Schadens von Pflanzen oder Pflanzenteilen durch Schädlinge.According to the invention the term "insecticide" or "insecticide effective "for the activity of a compound in combating unwanted insects, Acari or nematodes, or in reducing the damage of Plants or parts of plants by pests.
Erfindungsgemäß steht der Ausdruck „Bakterizid” oder „bakterizid wirksam” für die Aktivität einer Verbindung bei der Bekämpfung von z. B. Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae und Streptomycetaceae.According to the invention the term "bactericide" or "bactericidal effective "for the activity of a compound in the fight against z. Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
Der Ausdruck „Schädlinge” steht unter anderem für alle Aschelminthes- und Panarthropoda-Organismen (z. B. Nematoda, Arthopoda, Hexapoda und Arachnida), die Schäden an Pflanzen oder einem beliebigen Pflanzenteil verursachen und umfasst auch schädigende Mikroorganismen, wie bakterielle Organismen und Protozoa-Organismen (z. B. Plasmodiophoromycetes), oder DNA-Viren, RNA-Viren und DNA und RNA revers-transkribierende Viren sowie subvirale Agenzien.Of the Expression "pests" is among other things for all Ash-climthes and Panarthropoda organisms (eg. Nematoda, Arthopoda, Hexapoda and Arachnida), the damage on plants or any part of plants and includes also harmful microorganisms, such as bacterial organisms and protozoan organisms (eg Plasmodiophoromycetes), or DNA viruses, RNA viruses and DNA and RNA reverse transcribing viruses as well as subviral Agents.
Der Ausdruck „Pilze” oder „phytopathogene Pilze” steht unter anderem für alle pilzlichen Organismen und Chromista-Organismen (z. B. Ascomyceten, Basidiomyceten, Chytridiomyceten, Deuteromyceten, Glomeromyceten, Microsporidia, Zygomyceten sowie anamorphe Pilze. Beispiele für Chromista sind Oomyceten), die Schäden an Pflanzen oder einem beliebigen Pflanzenteil verursachen.Of the Expression "fungi" or "phytopathogenic Mushrooms "is synonymous for all fungal Organisms and Chromista organisms (eg Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Glomeromycetes, Microsporidia, Zygomycetes and anamorphic fungi. Examples of Chromista are Oomycetes), the damage to plants or any Cause plant part.
Dabei schließt der Begriff „Behandlung” oder „behandeln” alle Maßnahmen ein, die zu einem Kontakt zwischen dem Wirkstoff und mindestens einem Pflanzenteil führen. Unter „Pflanzenteil” sollen alle oberirdischen und unterirdischen Teile und Organe der Pflanzen, wie Spross, Blatt, Blüte und Wurzel verstanden werden, wobei beispielhaft Blätter, Nadeln, Stängel, Stämme, Blüten, Fruchtkörper, Früchte und Saatgut sowie Wurzeln, Knollen und Rhizome aufgeführt werden. Zu den Pflanzenteilen gehört auch Erntegut sowie vegetatives und generatives Vermehrungsmaterial, beispielsweise Stecklinge, Knollen, Rhizome, Ableger und Saatgut. Der Begriff „Behandlung” umfasst ferner die kurative oder präventive Bekämpfung- von phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder Mikroorganismen bei Pflanzen durch das Verwenden einer Trifloxystrobin enthaltenden Zusammensetzung, wobei die Zusammensetzung auf das Saatgut, die Pflanze, die Frucht der Pflanze oder den Boden, in dem die Pflanze wächst oder wachsen soll, aufgebracht (appliziert) wird.there The term "treatment" or "treating" includes all Actions leading to contact between the active substance and at least one part of the plant. Under "plant part" should all aboveground and underground parts and organs of plants, like sprout, leaf, flower and root are understood, exemplified leaves, needles, stems, stems, Flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds as well as roots, tubers and rhizomes. To The plant parts also include crops and vegetative and generative propagating material, such as cuttings, Tubers, rhizomes, cuttings and seeds. The term "treatment" includes Furthermore, the curative or preventive of phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms in plants by using a composition containing trifloxystrobin, the composition being based on the seed, the plant, the fruit the plant or soil in which the plant grows or should grow, be applied (applied).
Das erfindungsgemäße „Aufbringen” oder „Applizieren” mit der Zusammensetzung enthaltend Trifloxystrobin erfolgt direkt oder durch Einwirkung auf deren Umgebung, Lebensraum oder Lagerraum nach den üblichen Behandlungsmethoden, z. B. durch Tauchen, Sprühen, Verdampfen, Vernebeln, Streuen, Aufstreichen, Injizieren und bei Vermehrungsmaterial, insbesondere bei Saatgut, weiterhin durch ein- oder mehrschichtiges Umhüllen.The inventive "applying" or "applying" with the composition containing trifloxystrobin is direct or by affecting their environment, habitat or storage space the usual treatment methods, eg. B. by diving, Spraying, vaporizing, atomising, spreading, painting, Injecting and propagating material, in particular seed, furthermore by single or multi-layer wrapping.
Unter Pflanzen versteht man alle Pflanzen und Pflanzenpopulationen wie Sorten und Pflanzenvarietäten (egal, ob diese durch Pflanzensortenschutzrechte oder Pflanzenzüchterrecht geschützt werden können oder nicht). Sorten und Pflanzenvarietäten können Pflanzen sein, die mit traditionellen Vermehrungs- und Züchtungsmethoden erhalten werden, welche durch eine oder mehrere biotechnologische Methoden, wie z. B. die Verwendung von Doppelhaploiden, Protoplastenfusion, zufälliger und gerichteter Mutagenese, molekularen oder genetischen Markern, oder durch Bioengineering-Methoden und gentechnische Methoden oder markerunterstützte Züchtungsmethoden, z. B. SMART-Züchtung (”Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies”) unterstützt oder ergänzt werden können.Under Plants are understood as all plants and plant populations Varieties and plant varieties (whether they are protected by plant variety rights) or plant breeders' rights can be protected or Not). Varieties and plant varieties can be plants be that with traditional propagation and breeding methods obtained by one or more biotechnological Methods, such. B. the use of double haploids, protoplast fusion, random and directed mutagenesis, molecular or genetic markers, or by bioengineering methods and genetic engineering Methods or marker-assisted breeding methods, z. B. SMART breeding (Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies ") or be supplemented.
Unter den Pflanzen, die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren geschützt werden, können sind Nutzpflanzen bevorzugt, insbesondere solche der Hauptfeldfruchtarten wie Mais, Sojabohne, Baumwolle, Brassica-Ölsaaten wie Brassica napus (z. B. Canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (z. B. Senf) und Brassica carinata, Reis, Weizen, Zuckerrübe, Zuckerrohr, Hafer, Roggen, Gerste, Hirse, Triticale, Flax, Wein und verschiedene Früchte und Gemüse aus verschiedenen botanischen Taxa wie Rosaceae sp. (z. B. Kernobst wie Äpfel und Birnen, jedoch auch Steinobst wie Aprikosen, Kirschen, Mandeln und Pfirsiche, Beerenfrüchte wie Erdbeeren), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (z. B. Bananenbäume und -plantagen), Rubiaceae sp. (z. B. Kaffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (z. B. Zitronen, Orangen und Grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (z. B. Tomaten, Kartoffeln, Paprika, Aubergine), Liliaceae sp., Compositiae sp. (z. B. Salat, Artischocke und Cichorum – darunter Wurzelcichorie, Endivie oder gemeine Wegwarte), Umbelliferae sp. (z. B. Karotte, Petersilie, Stauden- und Wurzelsellerie), Cucurbitaceae sp. (z. B. Gurke – darunter Einlegegurke, Sommerkürbis, Wassermelone, Kurbisse und Melonen), Alliaceae sp. (z. B. Zwiebel und Lauch), Cruciferae sp. (z. B. Weißkohl, Rotkohl, Brokkoli, Blumenkohl, Rosenkohl, Pakchoi, Kohlrabi, Radieschen/Rettich, Meerrettich, Kresse, Chinakohl), Leguminosae sp. (z. B. Erdnüsse, Erbsen und Bohnen – wie Stangenbohnen und dicke Bohnen), Chenopodiaceae sp. (z. B. Runkelrübe, Mangold, Spinat, rote Rübe), Malvaceae (z. B. Okra), Asparagaceae (z. B. Spargel); gartenbauliche Kulturen und Forstkulturen; Zierpflanzen.Under the plants produced by the method according to the invention Protected crops are preferred, especially those of the main crops such as maize, soybean, Cotton, Brassica oilseeds such as Brassica napus (e.g. Canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (eg mustard) and Brassica carinata, Rice, wheat, sugar beet, sugar cane, oats, rye, barley, Millet, triticale, flax, wine and various fruits and Vegetables from different botanical taxa like Rosaceae sp. (For example, pome fruit such as apples and pears, but also stone fruit like apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, berry fruits strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (eg banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp. (eg coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (eg lemons, oranges and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (eg tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, aubergines), Liliaceae sp., Compositiae sp. (eg salad, artichoke and cichorum - including Root chicory, endive or common chicory), Umbelliferae sp. (Z. Carrot, parsley, perennial and root celery), Cucurbitaceae sp. (eg cucumber - including pickled cucumber, summer squash, Watermelon, pumpkins and melons), Alliaceae sp. (eg onion and leek), Cruciferae sp. (eg white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, Cauliflower, brussels sprouts, pakchoi, kohlrabi, radish / radish, horseradish, Cress, Chinese cabbage), Leguminosae sp. (eg peanuts, peas and beans - such as runner beans and broad beans), Chenopodiaceae sp. (eg turnips, chard, spinach, turnip), Malvaceae (eg okra), asparagaceae (eg asparagus); horticultural Cultures and forestry cultures; Ornamentals.
Transgene Pflanzen, d. h. genetisch modifizierte-Pflanzen sind Pflanzen, bei denen ein heterologes Gen stabil in das Genom eingebaut wurde. Der Ausdruck „heterologes Gen” bedeutet im wesentlichen ein Gen, das außerhalb der Pflanze bereitgestellt oder assembliert wird und das, wenn es in das Zellkerngenom, das Chloroplastengenom oder das Mitochondriengenom eingeführt wird, der transformierten Pflanze neue oder verbesserte agronomische oder sonstige Merkmale verleiht, und zwar dadurch, dass es ein Protein oder Polypeptid von Interesse exprimiert oder dass es ein anderes Gen, das in der Pflanze vorliegt, bzw. andere Gene, die in der Pflanze vorliegen, herunterreguliert oder abschaltet (z. B. mittels Antisense-Technologie, Cosuppressionstechnologie oder RNA-Interferenz-Technologie (RNAi-Technologie)). Ein heterologes Gen, das sich in dem Genom befindet, wird auch als Transgen bezeichnet. Ein Transgen, das durch seine bestimmte Lage in dem Pflanzengenom definiert ist, wird Transformations-Event oder transgenes Event genannt.transgenic Plants, d. H. genetically modified plants are plants where a heterologous gene was stably incorporated into the genome. Of the The term "heterologous gene" essentially means a gene that is provided outside the plant or and when it enters the nuclear genome, the chloroplast genome or the mitochondrial genome is introduced that transformed Plant new or improved agronomic or other characteristics conferred by being a protein or polypeptide expressing interest or that there is another gene in the Plant, or other genes present in the plant, down or shut down (eg, by antisense technology, Cosuppression technology or RNA interference technology (RNAi technology)). A heterologous gene located in the genome is also known as Transgenic called. A transgene due to its specific location is defined in the plant genome, transformation event or called transgenic event.
Die
erfindungsgemäße Behandlung kann auch zu überadditiven
(„synergistischen”) Effekten führen. So
sind neben der Bekämpfung von Schädlingen und/oder
phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder Mikroorganismen und/oder die Verbesserung
der Pflanzengesundheit zur Steigerung des Produktionspotentials,
zusätzlich noch weitere Effekte möglich, die alle
in der Steigerung des Produktionspotentials, vorzugsweise bei möglichst geringem
Einsatz von Produktionsmitteln, münden:
Solche Effekte
sind unter anderem der verringerte Bedarf an Wirkstoffe(n), d. h.
verringerte Aufwandmenge und/oder erweitertes Wirkungsspektrum und/oder
erhöhte Wirksamkeit der Trifloxystrobin enthaltenden Zusammensetzung;
besseres Pflanzenwachstum; erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber
hohen oder niedrigen Temperaturen; erhöhte Toleranz gegenüber
Trockenheit, Wasser- oder Bodensalzgehalt; erhöhte Blühleistung;
Ernteerleichterung; Reifebeschleunigung; höhere Erträge;
größere Früchte; größere
Pflanzenhöhe; intensivere grüne Farbe des Blatts;
frühere Blüte; höhere Qualität
und/oder höherer Nährwert der Ernteprodukte; höhere
Zuckerkonzentration in den Früchten; sowie bessere Lagerfähigkeit
und/oder Verarbeitbarkeit der Ernteprodukte.The treatment according to the invention can also lead to superadditive ("synergistic") effects. Thus, in addition to the control of pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms and / or the improvement of plant health to increase the production potential, additional effects are possible, all in the increase of production potential, preferably with the least possible use of production resources, lead:
Such effects include the reduced need for active ingredients, ie, reduced application rate and / or extended spectrum of activity, and / or increased efficacy of the trifloxystrobin-containing composition; better plant growth; increased tolerance to high or low temperatures; increased tolerance to drought, water or soil salt content; increased flowering power; Facilitate harvesting; Accelerated maturation; higher yields; bigger fruits; greater plant height; more intense green color of the leaf; earlier flowering; higher quality and / or higher nutritional value of the harvested products; higher sugar concentration in the fruits; as well as better shelf life and / or processability of the harvested products.
In gewissen Aufwandmengen kann eine Trifloxystrobin enthaltende Zusammensetzung auch eine stärkende Wirkung auf Pflanzen ausüben. Sie eignet sich daher auch für die Mobilisierung des pflanzlichen Abwehrsystems gegen Angriffe durch unerwünschte Mikroorganismen. Dies kann einer der Gründe für die erhöhte Wirksamkeit von Trifloxystrobin enthaltenden, Zusammensetzungen bei Verwendung auf transgenen Pflanzen sein.In certain application rates may include a trifloxystrobin-containing composition also have a strengthening effect on plants. It is therefore also suitable for the mobilization of the plant defense system against attacks by unwanted microorganisms. This can be one of the reasons for the increased Efficacy of trifloxystrobin containing compositions when used on transgenic plants.
Trifloxystrobin enthaltenden Zusammensetzungen können auch eine pflanzenstärkende (resistenzinduzierende) Wirkung aufweisen, d. h. durch die Verwendung von Trifloxystrobin enthaltenden Zusammensetzungen auf transgenen Pflanzen wird das pflanzliche Abwehrsystem stimuliert, dass die behandelten Pflanzen, wenn sie im Anschluss daran mit unerwünschten Mikroorganismen inokuliert werden oder wenn sie Schädlinge befallen, einen ausreichenden Resistenzgrad gegen diese Mikroorganismen aufweisen. Die erfindungsgemäßen Substanzen lassen sich daher zum Schutz von Pflanzen gegen Angriff durch unerwünschte Mikroorganismen und/oder Schädlinge innerhalb eines gewissen Zeitraums nach der Behandlung einsetzen. Der Zeitraum, über den eine Schutzwirkung erzielt wird, erstreckt sich im Allgemeinen von 1 bis 10 Tagen, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 7 Tagen, nach der Behandlung der transgenen Pflanzen mit der Trifloxystrobin enthaltenden Zusammensetzung.trifloxystrobin also containing a plant-strengthening have (resistance-inducing) effect, d. H. through the use compositions containing trifloxystrobin for transgenic Plants will stimulate the plant defense system that the treated plants, if they are subsequently undesirable Microorganisms are inoculated or if they are pests have a sufficient degree of resistance to these microorganisms exhibit. Leave the substances according to the invention Therefore, to protect plants against attack by unwanted Microorganisms and / or pests within a certain Period after treatment. The period over A protective effect generally extends from 1 to 10 days, preferably from 1 to 7 days, after the treatment of the transgenic plants with the composition containing trifloxystrobin.
Zu den zu behandelnden transgenen Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten zählen, neben den oben erwähnten, alle Pflanzen, die besonders vorteilhafte Merkmale/Eigenschaften aufweisen, egal ob diese vorteilhaften Merkmale/Eigenschaften durch biotechnologische Methoden alleine oder in Kombination mit konventionelle Züchtungsmethoden erzielt wurden. Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugte Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind solche, die die in Tabellen A bis D aufgeführten Merkmale besitzen.To include the transgenic plants and plant species to be treated, in addition to the above, all the plants that are special have advantageous features / properties, regardless of whether these advantageous features / properties by biotechnological methods alone or in combination with conventional breeding methods were achieved. According to the invention preferred Plants and plant varieties are those listed in Tables A to D listed features.
Bevorzugte zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind insbesondere solche die gegen einen oder mehrere biotische Stressfaktoren resistent oder tolerant sind, d. h. sie weisen eine gute oder verbesserte Abwehr gegen tierische Schädlinge und unerwünschten Mikroorganismen (z. B. Nematoden, Insekten, Milben, phytopathogene Pilze, Bakterien, Viren und/oder Viroide) auf.preferred Transgenic plants and plant species to be treated are in particular those resistant to one or more biotic stress factors or tolerant, d. H. they show a good or improved Defense against animal pests and unwanted Microorganisms (eg nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic Fungi, bacteria, viruses and / or viroids).
Bevorzugte zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind insbesondere auch solche die gegen einen oder mehrere abiotische Stressfaktoren resistent oder tolerant sind. Zu den abiotischen Stressfaktoren zählen insbesondere Dürre, Kälte und Hitze, osmotischer Stress, Staunässe, erhöhter Bodensalzgehalt, erhöhtes Ausgesetztsein an Mineralien, Ozon, Starklicht, beschränkte Verfügbarkeit, von Stickstoffnährstoffen, beschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Phosphornährstoffen oder Vermeidung von Schatten.preferred Transgenic plants and plant species to be treated are in particular also those against one or more abiotic stress factors are resistant or tolerant. To the abiotic stress factors include in particular drought, cold and Heat, osmotic stress, waterlogging, elevated Soil salt content, increased exposure to minerals, Ozone, high light, limited availability, from Nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients or avoiding shadows.
Bevorzugte zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind insbesondere auch solche, die als Merkmal/Eigenschaft einen verbesserten Ertrag aufweisen. Ein verbesserter, insbesondere erhöhter Ertrag kann z. B. auf verbesserter Pflanzenphysiologie, verbessertem Pflanzenwuchs und verbesserter Pflanzenentwicklung (z. B. Wasserverwertungseffizienz, Wasserhalteeffizienz, verbesserter Stickstoffverwertung, erhöhter Köhlenstoffassimilation, verbesserter Photosynthese, verstärkter Keimkraft und beschleunigter Abreife) beruhen. Der Ertrag kann weiterhin durch eine verbesserte Pflanzenarchitektur (unter Stress und Nicht-Stress-Bedingungen) gesteigert werden. Unter verbesserter Pflanzenarchitektur wird beispielsweise frühe Blüte, gute Kontrolle der Blüte für die Produktion von Hybridsaatgut, gute Keimpflanzenwüchsigkeit, optimale Pflanzengröße, optimale Internodienzahl und -abstand, gutes Wurzelwachstum, vorteilhafte Größe der Samen, Frucht und Schoten, vorteilhafte Schoten- oder Ährenzahl bzw. Anzahl der Samen pro Schote oder Ähre, gute Samenmasse, verstärkte Samenfüllung, verringerter Samenausfall, verringertes Schotenplatzen sowie Standfestigkeit verstanden.preferred Transgenic plants and plant species to be treated are in particular even those that as a feature / property improved yield exhibit. An improved, in particular increased yield can z. B. on improved plant physiology, improved plant growth and improved plant development (eg, water utilization efficiency, Water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen utilization, increased Köhlstoffassimilation, improved photosynthesis, enhanced Germination and accelerated maturity). The yield can continue through improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions) be increased. For example, under improved plant architecture early flowering, good flower control for the production of hybrid seed, good seedling vigor, optimal plant size, optimal internode number and distance, good root growth, favorable size the seed, fruit and pods, favorable pod or ear number or number of seeds per pod or ear, good seed mass, increased seed filling, reduced seed failure, reduced pod popping and stability understood.
Verbesserter Ertrag bezieht sich auch auf optimierte Ertragsmerkmalen, wie beispielsweise die Samenzusammensetzung, Kohlenhydratgehalt, Proteingehalt, Ölgehalt und Ölzusammensetzung, Nährwert, Verringerung der nährwidrigen Verbindungen, verbesserte Verarbeitbarkeit und verbesserte Lagerfähigkeit. Die Erhöhung des Produktionspotentials hat starken Einfluss auf den Ertrag, weshalb der Begriff ”Produktionspotential” und Ertrag synonym verwendet werden können.improved Yield also refers to optimized yield characteristics, such as the seed composition, carbohydrate content, protein content, oil content and oil composition, nutritional value, reduction the nontoxic compounds, improved processability and improved shelf life. The increase of Production potential has a strong impact on yield, which is why the term "production potential" and yield can be used interchangeably.
Bevorzugte
zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind insbesondere
auch Hybridpflanzen, die bereits die Eigenschaften der Heterosis
bzw. des Hybrideffekts exprimieren, was im Allgemeinen zu höherem
Ertrag, höherer Wüchsigkeit, besserer Gesundheit
und besserer Resistenz gegen biotische und abiotische Stressfaktoren
führt. Solche Pflanzen werden typischerweise dadurch erzeugt,
dass man eine ingezüchtete pollensterile Elternlinie (den
weiblichen Kreuzungspartner) mit einer anderen ingezüchteten
pollenfertilen Elternlinie (dem männlichen Kreuzungspartner)
kreuzt. Das Hybridsaatgut wird typischerweise von den pollensterilen
Pflanzen geerntet und an Vermehrer verkauft. Pollensterile Pflanzen
können manchmal (z. B. beim Mais) durch Entfahnen, d. h.
mechanisches Entfernen der männlichen Geschlechtsorgane
(bzw. der männlichen Blüten), produziert werden;
es ist jedoch üblicher, dass die Pollensterilität
auf genetischen Determinanten im Pflanzengenom beruht. In diesem
Fall, insbesondere dann, wenn es sich bei dem gewünschten Produkt,
das man von den Hybridpflanzen ernten will, um die Samen handelt,
ist es üblicherweise günstig, sicherzustellen,
dass die Pollenfertilität in Hybridpflanzen völlig
restoriert wird. Dies kann erreicht werden, indem sichergestellt
wird, dass die männlichen Kreuzungspartner entsprechende
Fertilitätsrestorergene besitzen, die in der Lage sind,
die Pollenfertilität in Hybridpflanzen, die die genetischen
Determinanten, die für die Pollensterilität verantwortlich
sind, enthalten, zu restorieren. Genetische Determinanten für
Pollensterilität können im Cytoplasma lokalisiert
sein. Beispiele für cytoplasmatische Pollensterilität
(cytoplasmic male sterility = CMS) wurden unter anderem für
Brassica-Arten beschrieben (
Bevorzugte zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind insbesondere auch herbizidresistente oder -tolerante transgene Pflanzen, d. h. Pflanzen, die gegenüber einem oder mehreren vorgegebenen Herbiziden tolerant gemacht worden sind.preferred Transgenic plants and plant species to be treated are in particular also herbicide-resistant or -tolerant transgenic plants, d. H. Plants given to one or more given Herbicides have been tolerated.
Herbizidresistente
oder -tolerante Pflanzen sind z. B.
Glyphosate-tolerante Pflanzen,
d. h. Pflanzen, die gegenüber dem Herbizid Glyphosate oder
dessen Salzen tolerant gemacht worden sind. Pflanzen können
auf verschiedene Weisen Glyphosate-tolerant gemacht werden. So können
z. B. Glyphosate-tolerante Pflanzen durch Transformation der Pflanze
mit einem Gen, das für das Enzym 5-Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphatsynthase
(EPSPS) kodiert, erhalten werden. Beispiele für solche EPSPS-Gene
sind das AroA-Gen (Mutante CT7) des Bakterium Salmonella typhimurium
(
transgene Pflanzen, die gegenüber
Herbiziden, die das Enzym Glutamin-Synthase hemmen, wie Bialaphos, Phosphinothricin
oder Glufosinate, tolerant gemacht worden sind. Solche Pflanzen
können dadurch erhalten werden, dass man ein Enzym exprimiert,
das das Herbizid oder eine Mutante des Enzyms Glutamin-Synthase, das
gegenüber Hemmung resistent ist, entgiftet. Solch ein wirksames
entgiftendes Enzym ist z. B. ein Enzym, das für eine Phosphinothricinacetyltransferase
kodiert (wie z. B. das bar- oder pat-Protein aus Streptomyces-Arten).
Pflanzen, die eine exogene Phosphinothricinacetyltransferase exprimieren,
sind z. B. in den
transgene
Pflanzen, die gegenüber Herbiziden, die das Enzym Hydroxyphenylpyruvatdioxygenase
(HPPD) hemmen, tolerant gemacht worden sind. Bei den Hydroxyphenylpyruvatdioxygenasen
handelt es sich um Enzyme, die die Reaktion, in der para-Hydroxyphenylpyruvat
(HPP) zu Homogentisat umgesetzt wird, katalysieren. Pflanzen, die
gegenüber HPPD-Hemmern tolerant sind, können mit
einem Gen, das für ein natürlich vorkommendes
resistentes HPPD-Enzym kodiert, oder einem Gen, das für
ein mutiertes HPPD-Enzym gemäß
transgene Pflanzen, die gegenüber Acetolactatsynthase
(ALS)-Hemmern tolerant gemacht worden sind. Zu bekannten ALS-Hemmern
zählen z. B. Sulfonylharnstoff, Imidazolinon, Triazolopyrimidine,
Pyrimidinyloxy(thio)benzoate und/oder Sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinon-Herbizide.
Es ist bekannt, dass verschiedene Mutationen im Enzym ALS (auch
als Acetohydroxysäure-Synthase, AHAS, bekannt) eine Toleranz
gegenüber unterschiedlichen Herbiziden bzw. Gruppen von
Herbiziden verleihen, wie dies z. B. bei
transgene Pflanzen, die gegenüber Imidazolinon
und/oder Sulfonylharnstoff tolerant sind. Sie können durch induzierte
Mutagenese, Selektion in Zellkulturen in Gegenwart des Herbizids
oder durch Mutationszüchtung erhalten werden, wie dies
z. B. für die Sojabohne in dem
Glyphosate-tolerant plants, ie plants that have been tolerated to the herbicide glyphosate or its salts. Plants can be rendered glyphosate-tolerant in several ways. So z. For example, glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the plant with a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of such EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (
transgenic plants tolerant to herbicides which inhibit the enzyme glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinothricin or glufosinate. Such plants can be obtained by expressing an enzyme which detoxifies the herbicide or a mutant of the enzyme glutamine synthase, which is resistant to inhibition. Such an effective detoxifying enzyme is e.g. An enzyme encoding a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing an exogenous phosphinothricin acetyltransferase are e.g. Tie
transgenic plants that have been tolerated to herbicides that inhibit the enzyme hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD). The hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is converted to homogentisate. Plants tolerant to HPPD inhibitors may be treated with a gene encoding a naturally occurring resistant HPPD enzyme or a gene encoding a mutant HPPD enzyme as described in U.S. Pat
transgenic plants that have been tolerated to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. Known ALS inhibitors include, for. As sulfonylurea, imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyloxy (thio) benzoates and / or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides. It is known that various mutations in the enzyme ALS (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, AHAS) confer tolerance to different herbicides or groups of herbicides, as described, for example, in US Pat. B. at
transgenic plants that are tolerant to imidazolinone and / or sulfonylurea. They can be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or by mutation breeding, as described, for. B. for the soybean in the
Erfindungsgemäß zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten sind weiterhin insektenresistente transgene Pflanzen, d. h. Pflanzen, die gegen Befall mit gewissen Zielinsekten resistent gemacht wurden. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solch eine Insektenresistenz verleiht, erhalten werden.According to the invention treating transgenic plants or plant varieties are still insect-resistant transgenic plants, d. H. Plants that are against Infestations were made resistant to certain target insects. Such Plants can be through genetic transformation or through Selection of plants that contain a mutation that has such a Insect resistance.
Der Begriff „Insekten-resistente transgene Pflanze” umfasst jede Pflanze, die mindestens ein Transgen enthält, das für ein Protein aus einer der Klassen 1–10 kodiert:
- Klasse 1: ein insektizides Kristallprotein
aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder einen insektiziden Teil davon, wie
die insektiziden Kristallproteine, die von
zusammengestellt und vonCrickmore et al. (Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1998, 62, 807–813) in der Bacillus thuringiensis-Toxinnomenklatur aktualisiert wurden, online unter:Crickmore et al. 2005 ), oder insektizide Teile davon, z. B. Proteine der Cry-Proteinklassen Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1B, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa oder Cry3Bb oder insektizide Teile davon (z. B.http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmor/Bt/ undEP-A 1 999 141 ); oderWO 2007/107302 - Klasse 2: ein Kristallprotein aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder
einen Teil davon, der in Gegenwart eines zweiten, anderen Kristallproteins
als Bacillus thuringiensis oder eines Teils davon insektizid wirkt,
wie das binäre Toxin, das aus den Kristallproteinen Cry34
und Cry35 (
;Moellenbeck et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 19, 668–72 ) besteht, oder das binäre Toxin, das aus dem Cry1A- oder Cry1F-Protein und dem Cry2Aa- oder Cry2Ab- oder Cry2Ae-Protein besteht (US-Patentanmeldung Nr. 12/214,022 undSchnepf et al., Applied Environm. Microbiol. 2006, 71, 1765–1774 ) besteht; oderEP-Anmeldung Nr. 08010791.5 - Klasse 3: ein insektizides Hybridprotein, das Teile von zwei
unterschiedlichen insektiziden Kristallproteinen aus Bacillus thuringiensis
umfasst, wie z. B. ein Hybrid aus den Proteinen von 1) oben oder
ein Hybrid aus den Proteinen von 2) oben, z. B. das Protein Cry1A.105,
das von dem Mais-Event MON89034 produziert wird (
); oderWO 2007/027777 - Klasse 4: ein Protein gemäß einem der Klassen 1 bis 3 oben, wobei einige Aminosäuren, insbesondere 1 bis 10 Aminosäuren durch eine andere Aminosäure ersetzt wurden, um eine höhere insektizide Wirksamkeit gegenüber den zu bekämpfenden Insekten zu erzielen und/oder um das Spektrum der zu bekämpfenden Insekten zu erweitern und/oder wegen Veränderungen, die in die Kodier-DNA während der Klonierung oder Transformation induziert wurden, wie das Protein Cry3Bb1 in Mais-Events MON863 oder MON88017 oder das Protein Cry3A im Mais-Event MIR604; oder
- Klasse 5: ein insektizides sezerniertes Protein aus Bacillus
thuringiensis oder Bacillus cereus oder einen insektiziden Teil
davon, wie die vegetativ wirkenden insektiziden Proteine (vegetative
insecticidal Proteins, VIP), die unter
angeführt sind, z. B. Proteine der Proteinklasse VIP3Aa; oderhttp://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html - Klasse 6: ein sezerniertes Protein aus Bacillus thuringiensis
oder Bacillus cereus, das in Gegenwart eines zweiten sezernierten
Proteins aus Bacillus thuringiensis oder B. cereus insektizid wirkt,
wie das binäre Toxin, das aus den Proteinen VIP1A und VIP2A
besteht (
) oderWO 94/21795 - Klasse 7: ein insektizides Hybridprotein, das Teile von verschiedenen sezernierten Proteinen von Bacillus thuringiensis oder Bacillus cereus umfasst, wie ein Hybrid der Proteine von 1) oder ein Hybrid der Proteine von 2) oben; oder
- Klasse 8: ein Protein gemäß einem der Klassen 5 bis 7, in dem einige Aminosäuren, insbesondere 1 bis 10 Aminosäuren durch eine andere Aminosäure ersetzt wurden, um eine höhere insektizide Wirksamkeit gegenüber einer Zielinsektenart zu erzielen und/oder um das Spektrum der betroffenen Zielinsektenart zu erweitern und/oder wegen Veränderungen, die in die Kodier-DNA während der Klonierung oder Transformation eingeführt wurden (wobei die Kodierung für ein insektizides Protein erhalten bleibt), wie das Protein VIP3Aa im Baumwoll-Event COT 102; oder
- Klasse 9: ein sezerniertes Protein aus Bacillus thuringiensis
oder Bacillus cereus, das in Gegenwart eines Kristallproteins aus
Bacillus thuringiensis insektizid wirkt, wie das binäre
Toxin, das aus VIP3 und Cry1A oder Cry1F besteht (US-Patentanmeldungen
Nr. 61/126083 und 61/195019), oder das binäre Toxin, das
aus dem Protein VIP3 und den Proteinen Cry2Aa oder Cry2Ab oder Cry2Ae
besteht (US-Patentanmeldung Nr. 12/214,022 und
); oderEP-Anmeldung Nr. 08010791.5 - Klasse 10: ein Protein gemäß 9) oben, in dem einige, insbesondere 1 bis 10, Aminosäuren durch eine andere Aminosäure ersetzt wurden, um eine höhere insektizide Wirksamkeit gegenüber einer Zielinsektenart zu erzielen, und/oder um das Spektrum der betroffenen Zielinsektenart zu erweitern, und/oder wegen Veränderungen, die in die Kodier-DNA während der Klonierung oder Transformation eingeführt wurden (wobei die Codierung für eine insektizides Protein erhalten bleibt).
- Class 1: an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an insecticidal part thereof, such as the insecticidal crystal proteins derived from
compiled and fromCrickmore et al. (Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 1998, 62, 807-813) updated in the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature, online at:Crickmore et al. 2005 ), or insecticidal parts thereof, e.g. Proteins of the cry protein classes Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1B, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa or Cry3Bb or insecticidal portions thereof (e.g.http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmor/Bt/ andEP-A 1 999 141 ); orWO 2007/107302 - Class 2: a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a part thereof which is insecticidal in the presence of a second, different crystal protein than Bacillus thuringiensis or a part thereof, such as the binary toxin consisting of the crystal proteins Cry34 and Cry35 (
;Moellenbeck et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 19, 668-72 ), or the binary toxin consisting of the Cry1A or Cry1F protein and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae protein (U.S. Patent Application Nos. 12 / 214,022 and 5,686,022)Schnepf et al., Applied Environm. Microbiol. 2006, 71, 1765-1774 ) consists; orEP Application No. 08010791.5 - Class 3: a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of two different insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as e.g. A hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above, e.g. For example, the protein Cry1A.105 produced by the corn event MON89034 (
); orWO 2007/027777 - Class 4: a protein according to any one of the classes 1 to 3 above, wherein some amino acids, in particular 1 to 10 amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid to achieve a higher insecticidal activity against the insects to be controlled and / or to the spectrum of due to changes induced in the coding DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the protein Cry3Bb1 in maize events MON863 or MON88017 or the protein Cry3A in the maize event MIR604; or
- Class 5: an insecticidal secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus or an insecticidal part thereof, such as the vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIPs) described in U.S. Pat
are cited, for. B. Proteins of protein class VIP3Aa; orhttp://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html - Class 6: a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, which in the presence of a second secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus insecticide, such as the binary toxin consisting of the proteins VIP1A and VIP2A (
) orWO 94/21795 - Class 7: a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of various secreted proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) or a hybrid of the proteins of 2) above; or
- Class 8: a protein according to one of the classes 5 to 7, in which some amino acids, in particular 1 to 10 amino acids, have been replaced by another amino acid in order to achieve a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species and / or to the spectrum of the target insect species concerned and / or due to changes introduced into the coding DNA during cloning or transformation (preserving the coding for an insecticidal protein), such as the protein VIP3Aa in cotton event COT 102; or
- Class 9: a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus that is insecticidal in the presence of a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as the binary toxin consisting of VIP3 and Cry1A or Cry1F (U.S. Patent Application Nos. 61/126083 and 61/195019 ), or the binary toxin consisting of the protein VIP3 and the proteins Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae (US patent application Nos. 12 / 214,022 and US Pat
); orEP Application No. 08010791.5 - Class 10: a protein according to 9) above in which some, in particular 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by another amino acid in order to achieve a higher insecticidal activity against a target insect species and / or to broaden the spectrum of the target insect species concerned, and / or due to changes introduced into the coding DNA during cloning or transformation (preserving the coding for an insecticidal protein).
Zu Insekten-resistente transgene Pflanzen können auch eine Kombination von Genen umfassen, die für die Proteine von einer der oben genannten Klassen 1 bis 10 kodieren.To Insect-resistant transgenic plants can also have a Combining genes that are essential for the proteins of encode one of the above classes 1 to 10.
In einer Ausführungsform enthält eine Insekten-resistente Pflanze mehr als ein Transgen, das für ein Protein gemäß einer der oben genannten Klassen 1 bis 10 kodiert, um das Spektrum der betroffenen Zielinsektenarten zu erweitern wenn verschiedene Proteine, die auf verschiedene Zielinsektenarten abzielen, verwendet werden, oder um die Entwicklung einer Resistenz der Insekten gegen die Pflanzen dadurch hinauszuzögern, dass man verschiedene Proteine einsetzt, die für dieselbe Zielinsektenart insektizid sind, jedoch eine unterschiedliche Wirkungsweise, wie Bindung an unterschiedliche Rezeptorbindungsstellen im Insekt, aufweisen.In one embodiment contains an insect resistant Plant more than one transgene for one protein according to one of the above classes 1 to 10 coded to the spectrum of affected target insect species if different proteins, which are aimed at various target insect species, can be used or the development of insect resistance to the plants by delaying that one different proteins which are insecticidal for the same target species, However, a different mode of action, such as binding to different Receptor binding sites in the insect.
„Insekten-resistente
transgene Pflanze” können weiterhin mindestens
ein Transgen enthalten, welches eine Sequenz umfasst, die bei Expression
eine doppelsträngige RNA produziert, welche bei Aufnahme durch
ein Pflanzenschädlingsinsekt das Wachstum dieses Schädlingsinsekts
hemmt, wie dies z. B. in
Transgene Pflanzen oder Pflanzensorten, die gegenüber abiotischen Stressfaktoren tolerant oder resistent sind können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solch eine Stressresistenz verleiht, erhalten werden. Zu besonders nützlichen Pflanzen mit Stresstoleranz zählen insbesondere:
- 1) Pflanzen,
die ein Transgen enthalten, das die Expression und/oder Aktivität
des Gens für die Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) in den
Pflanzenzellen oder Pflanzen zu reduzieren vermag, wie dies in
,WO 00/04173 ,WO/2006/045633 oderWO 2006/045633 beschrieben ist.WO 2007/131699 - 2) Pflanzen, die ein stresstoleranzförderndes Transgen
enthalten, das die Expression und/oder Aktivität der für
PARG kodierenden Gene der Pflanzen oder Pflanzenzellen zu reduzieren
vermag, wie dies z. B. in
beschrieben ist;WO 2004/090140 - 3) Pflanzen, die ein Stresstoleranz-förderndes Transgen
enthalten, das für ein in Pflanzen funktionelles Enzym
des Nicotinamidadenindinukleotid-Salvage-Biosynthesewegs kodiert,
darunter Nicotinamidase, Nicotinatphosphoribosyltransferase, Nicotinsäuremononukleotidadenyltransferase,
Nicotinamidadenindinukleotidsynthetase oder Nicotinamidphosphoribosyltransferase,
wie dies z. B. in
,WO 2006/032469 ,WO 2006/133827 oderEP-A 1 999 263 beschrieben ist.WO 2007/107326
- 1) plants containing a transgene capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) gene in the plant cells or plants, as described in U.S. Pat
.WO 00/04173 .WO / 2006/045633 orWO 2006/045633 is described.WO 2007/131699 - 2) plants containing a stress tolerance-promoting transgene capable of reducing the expression and / or activity of the PARG-encoding genes of the plants or plant cells, as described, for example, in US Pat. In
is described;WO 2004/090140 - 3) plants which contain a stress tolerance-enhancing transgene encoding a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage biosynthetic pathway enzyme functional in plants, including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyltransferase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase as described e.g. In
.WO 2006/032469 .WO 2006/133827 orEP-A 1 999 263 is described.WO 2007/107326
Bevorzugte zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind insbesondere auch solche die eine verbesserte Ertragseigenschaft aufweisen, d. h. deren Ernteprodukte eine verbesserte Menge und/oder Qualität und/oder Lagerfähigkeit aufweisen und/oder bestimmte Bestandteile der Ernteprodukte veränderte Eigenschaften aufweisen. Insbesondere bevorzugt sind die nachfolgenden genannten:
- 1)
Transgene Pflanzen, die eine modifizierte Stärke synthetisieren,
die bezüglich ihrer chemisch-physikalischen Eigenschaften,
insbesondere des Amylosegehalts oder des Amylose/Amylopektin-Verhältnisses, des
Verzweigungsgrads, der durchschnittlichen Kettenlänge,
der Verteilung der Seitenketten, des Viskositätsverhaltens,
der Gelfestigkeit, der Stärkekorngröße
und/oder Stärkekornmorphologie im Vergleich mit der synthetisierten
Stärke in Wildtyppflanzenzellen oder -pflanzen verändert
ist, so dass sich diese modifizierte Stärke besser für bestimmte
Anwendungen eignet. Diese transgenen Pflanzen, die eine modifizierte Stärke
synthetisieren, sind z. B. in
,EP-A 0571427 ,WO 95/04826 ,EP-A 0719338 ,WO 96/15248 ,WO 96/19581 ,WO 96/27674 ,WO 97/11188 ,WO 97/26362 ,WO 97/32985 ,WO 97/42328 ,WO 97/44472 ,WO 97/45545 ,WO 98/27212 ,WO 98/40503 ,WO 99/58688 ,WO 99/58690 ,WO 99/58654 ,WO 00/08184 ,WO 00/08185 ,WO 00/08175 ,WO 00/28052 ,WO 00/77229 ,WO 01/12782 ,WO 01/12826 ,WO 02/101059 ,WO 03/071860 ,WO 2004/056999 ,WO 2005/030942 ,WO 2005/030941 ,WO 2005/095632 ,WO 2005/095617 ,WO 2005/095619 ,WO 2005/095618 ,WO 2005/123927 ,WO 2006/018319 ,WO 2006/103107 ,WO 2006/108702 ,WO 2007/009823 ,WO 00/22140 ,WO 2006/063862 ,WO 2006/072603 ,WO 02/034923 ,WO 2008/017518 ,WO 2008/080630 ,WO 2008/080631 ,WO 2008/090008 ,WO 01/14569 ,WO 02/79410 ,WO 03/33540 ,WO 2004/078983 ,WO 01/19975 ,WO 95/26407 ,WO 96/34968 ,WO 98/20145 ,WO 99/12950 ,WO 99/66050 ,WO 99/53072 ,US 6,734,341 ,WO 00/11192 ,WO 98/22604 ,WO 98/32326 ,WO 01/98509 ,WO 01/98509 ,WO 2005/002359 ,US 5,824,790 ,US 6,013,861 ,WO 94/04693 ,WO 94/09144 ,WO 94/11520 bzw.WO 95/35026 beschrieben.WO 97/20936 - 2) Transgene Pflanzen, die Nichtstärkekohlenhydratpolymere
synthetisieren oder Nichtstärkekohlenhydratpolymere, deren
Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu Wildtyppflanzen ohne genetische Modifikation
verändert sind. Beispiele sind Pflanzen, die Polyfructose,
insbesondere des Inulin- und Levantyps, produzieren, wie dies in
,EP-A 0663956 ,WO 96/01904 ,WO 96/21023 undWO 98/39460 beschrieben ist, Pflanzen, die alpha-1,4-Glucane produzieren, wie dies inWO 99/24593 ,WO 95/31553 ,US 2002031826 ,US 6,284,479 ,US 5,712,107 ,WO 97/47806 ,WO 97/47807 undWO 97/47808 beschrieben ist, Pflanzen, die alpha-1,6-verzweigte alpha-1,4-Glucane produzieren, wie dies inWO 00/14249 beschrieben ist, und Pflanzen, die Alternan produzieren, wie dies inWO 00/73422 ,WO 00/47727 ,WO 00/73422 ,WO 2008/098975 undUS 5,908,975 beschrieben ist.EP-A 0728213 - 3) Transgene Pflanzen, die Hyaluronan produzieren, wie dies
z. B. in
,WO 2006/032538 ,WO 2007/039314 ,WO 2007/039315 ,WO 2007/039316 undJP 2006304779 beschrieben ist.WO 2005/012529 - 4) Transgene Pflanzen oder Hybridpflanzen, wie Zwiebeln mit Merkmalen wie 'hoher Gehalt an löslichen Feststoffen', 'milde' (low pungency, ist gleich LP) und/oder 'Langzeitlagerung' (long storage, ist gleich LS), wie dies in den US-Patentanmeldungen Nr. 12/020,360 und 61/054,026 beschrieben ist.
- 1) Transgenic plants which synthesize a modified starch which, with regard to their chemical-physical properties, in particular the amylose content or the amylose / amylopectin ratio, the degree of branching, the average chain length, the side chain distribution, the viscosity behavior, the gel strength, the starch grain size and / or starch grain morphology compared to the synthesized starch in wild-type plant cells or plants is changed, so that this modified starch is better suited for certain applications. These transgenic plants synthesizing a modified starch are e.g. In
.EP-A 0571427 .WO 95/04826 .EP-A 0719338 .WO 96/15248 .WO 96/19581 .WO 96/27674 .WO 97/11188 .WO 97/26362 .WO 97/32985 .WO 97/42328 .WO 97/44472 .WO 97/45545 .WO 98/27212 .WO 98/40503 .WO 99/58688 .WO 99/58690 .WO 99/58654 .WO 00/08184 .WO 00/08185 .WO 00/08175 .WO 00/28052 .WO 00/77229 .WO 01/12782 .WO 01/12826 .WO 02/101059 .WO 03/071860 .WO 2004/056999 .WO 2005/030942 .WO 2005/030941 .WO 2005/095632 .WO 2005/095617 .WO 2005/095619 .WO 2005/095618 .WO 2005/123927 .WO 2006/018319 .WO 2006/103107 .WO 2006/108702 .WO 2007/009823 .WO 00/22140 .WO 2006/063862 .WO 2006/072603 .WO 02/034923 .WO 2008/017518 .WO 2008/080630 .WO 2008/080631 .WO 2008/090008 .WO 01/14569 .WO 02/79410 .WO 03/33540 .WO 2004/078983 .WO 01/19975 .WO 95/26407 .WO 96/34968 .WO 98/20145 .WO 99/12950 .WO 99/66050 .WO 99/53072 .US 6,734,341 .WO 00/11192 .WO 98/22604 .WO 98/32326 .WO 01/98509 .WO 01/98509 .WO 2005/002359 .US 5,824,790 .US 6,013,861 .WO 94/04693 .WO 94/09144 .WO 94/11520 respectively.WO 95/35026 described.WO 97/20936 - 2) Transgenic plants that synthesize non-starch carbohydrate polymers or non-starch carbohydrate polymers whose properties are altered compared to wild-type plants without genetic modification. Examples are plants which produce polyfructose, in particular of the inulin and levan type, as described in US Pat
.EP-A 0663956 .WO 96/01904 .WO 96/21023 andWO 98/39460 described plants that produce alpha-1,4-glucans, as described inWO 99/24593 .WO 95/31553 .US 2002031826 .US 6,284,479 .US 5,712,107 .WO 97/47806 .WO 97/47807 andWO 97/47808 described plants that produce alpha-1,6-branched alpha-1,4-glucans, as shown inWO 00/14249 and plants that produce alternan, as described in US PatWO 00/73422 .WO 00/47727 .WO 00/73422 .WO 2008/098975 andUS 5,908,975 is described.EP-A 0728213 - 3) Transgenic plants that produce hyaluronan, as z. In
.WO 2006/032538 .WO 2007/039314 .WO 2007/039315 .WO 2007/039316 andJP 2006304779 is described.WO 2005/012529 - 4) Transgenic plants or hybrid plants, such as onions with characteristics such as 'high content of soluble solids', 'mild' (low pungency, equals LP) and / or 'long storage', is equal to LS, as described in the US Patent Application Nos. 12 / 020,360 and 61 / 054,026.
Bevorzugte zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind insbesondere Baumwollpflanzen mit veränderten Fasereigenschaften. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solche veränderten Fasereigenschaften verleiht, erhalten werden; dazu zählen:
- a) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen,
die eine veränderte Form von Cellulosesynthase-Genen enthalten,
wie dies in
beschrieben ist;WO 98/00549 - b) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen, die eine veränderte
Form von rsw2- oder rsw3-homologen Nukleinsäuren enthalten,
wie dies in
beschrieben ist;WO 2004/053219 - c) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen mit einer erhöhten
Expression der Saccharosephosphat-Synthase, wie dies in
beschrieben ist;WO 01/17333 - d) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen mit einer erhöhten
Expression der Saccharose-Synthase, wie dies in
beschrieben ist;WO 02/45485 - e) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen bei denen der Zeitpunkt der
Durchlass-Steuerung der Plasmodesmen an der Basis der Faserzelle
verändert ist, z. B. durch Herunterregulieren der faserselektiven β-1,3-Glucanase,
wie dies in
, oder wie in derWO 2005/017157 oder in der US-Patentanmeldung Nr. 61/128,938 beschrieben ist;EP-Anmeldung Nr. 08075514.3 - f) Pflanzen wie Baumwollpflanzen mit Fasern mit veränderter
Reaktivität, z. B. durch Expression des N-Acetylglucosamintransferasegens,
darunter auch nodC, und von Chitinsynthasegenen, wie dies in
beschrieben ist.WO 2006/136351
- a) plants, such as cotton plants, which contain an altered form of cellulose synthase genes, as shown in
is described;WO 98/00549 - b) plants, such as cotton plants, which contain an altered form of rsw2 or rsw3 homologous nucleic acids, as described in US Pat
is described;WO 2004/053219 - c) plants such as cotton plants with an increased expression of the sucrose phosphate synthase, as described in
is described;WO 01/17333 - d) plants such as cotton plants with an increased expression of sucrose synthase, as described in
is described;WO 02/45485 - e) plants such as cotton plants in which the timing of the passage control of the plasmodesms at the base of the fiber cell is changed, z. By down-regulating the fiber-selective β-1,3-glucanase, as described in U.S. Pat
, or as in theWO 2005/017157 or in U.S. Patent Application No. 61 / 128,938;EP Application No. 08075514.3 - f) plants such as cotton plants with modified reactivity fibers, e.g. By expression of the N-acetylglucosamine transferase gene, including nodC, and chitin synthase genes, as described in U.S. Pat
is described.WO 2006/136351
Bevorzugte zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind insbesondere Raps oder verwandte Brassica-Pflanzen mit veränderten Eigenschaften der Ölzusammensetzung. Solche Pflanzen können durch genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die eine Mutation enthalten, die solche veränderten Öleigenschaften verleiht, erhalten werden; dazu zählen:
- a)
Pflanzen wie Rapspflanzen, die Öl mit einem hohen Ölsäuregehalt
produzieren, wie dies z. B. in
,US 5,969,169 oderUS 5,840,946 oderUS 6,323,392 beschrieben ist;US 6,063,947 - b) Pflanzen wie Rapspflanzen, die Öl mit einem niedrigen
Linolensäuregehalt produzieren, wie dies in
,US 6,270,828 oderUS 6,169,190 beschrieben ist; oderUS 5,965,755 - c) Pflanzen wie Rapspflanzen, die Öl mit einem niedrigen
gesättigten Fettsäuregehalt produzieren, wie dies z.
B. in
beschrieben ist.US 5,434,283
- a) plants such as rape plants that produce oil with a high oleic acid content, as z. In
.US 5,969,169 orUS 5,840,946 orUS 6,323,392 is described;US 6,063,947 - (b) plants such as oilseed rape plants producing low linolenic acid oil, as in
.US 6,270,828 orUS 6,169,190 is described; orUS 5,965,755 - c) plants such as rape plants that produce oil with a low saturated fatty acid content like this z. In
is described.US 5,434,283
Bevorzugte
zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind ferner
auch Raps oder verwandte Brassica-Pflanzen mit veränderten
Samenstreuungseigenschaften. Solche Pflanzen können durch
genetische Transformation oder durch Selektion von Pflanzen, die
eine Mutation enthalten, die solche veränderten Samenstreuungseigenschaften
verleihen, erhalten werden; dazu zählen Rapspflanzen mit
verzögerter oder verringerter Samenstreuung, wie dies in
der US-Patentanmeldung Nr. 61/135,230 und der
Bevorzugte
zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind ferner
auch Pflanzen, die Transformations-Events oder Kombination von Transformations-Events,
enthalten und für die Anmeldungen in den Vereinigten Staaten
von Amerika beim Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
des United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) auf Deregulierung
vorliegen, egal, ob solche Anträge genehmigt wurden oder
noch bearbeitet werden. Diese Information ist jederzeit leicht von
APHIS erhältlich, (4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737,
USA) z. B. auf der Website
- – Antrag: Identifikationsnummer des Antrags. Technische Beschreibungen der Transformations-Events finden sich in den einzelnen, Antragsdokumenten, die von APHIS durch Bezug auf diese Antragsnummer erhältlich sind, z. B. auf der APHIS-Website. Die Beschreibungen werden in den folgenden Text hiermit durch Bezugnahme aufgenommen.
- – Erweiterung eines Antrags: Bezugnahme auf einen früheren Antrag, für den eine Erweiterung beantragt wird.
- – Institution: Name des Antragstellers.
- – Gegenstand der Regulation: die jeweilige Pflanzenart.
- Transgener Phänotyp: das den Pflanzen durch das Transformations-Event vermittelte Merkmal.
- – Transformations-Event oder Linie: Name des bzw. der Events (manchmal auch als Linie(n) bezeichnet), für das Deregulation beantragt wird.
- – APHIS-Dokumente: verschiedene von APHIS in Bezug auf den Antrag veröffentlichte Dokumente, die von APHIS erhältlich sind.
- - Application: identification number of the application. Technical descriptions of the transformation events can be found in the individual application documents available from APHIS by reference to this application number, e.g. On the APHIS website. The descriptions are hereby incorporated by reference in the following text.
- - Extension of an application: reference to a previous application for which an extension is requested.
- - Institution: name of the applicant.
- - Subject of the regulation: the respective plant species.
- Transgenic phenotype: the trait mediated by the transformation event.
- - Transformation event or line: name of the event (sometimes called a line (s)) for which deregulation is requested.
- - APHIS documents: various documents published by APHIS in relation to the application, which are available from APHIS.
Bevorzugte
zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind ferner
auch solche Pflanzen, die einzelne Transformations-Events oder eine
Kombination von Transformations-Events enthalten. Sie sind z. B.
in den Datenbanken verschiedener nationaler oder regionaler Behörden
angeführt (siehe z. B.
Bevorzugte zu behandelnde transgene Pflanzen und Pflanzensorten sind ferner auch solche Pflanzen, die ein Transgen in einer agronomisch neutralen oder vorteilhaften Stellung enthalten, wie dies in den in Tabelle C aufgeführten Veröffentlichungen beschrieben sind auf deren Inhalt hier vollumfänglich Bezug genommen wird.preferred transgenic plants and plant varieties to be treated are also also those plants that are a transgene in an agronomically neutral or advantageous position, as shown in the table C listed publications described are fully referenced here becomes.
In einer besonders bevorzugten werden transgene Gemüse-, Mais-, Sojabohnen-, Baumwoll-, Tabak-, Reis-, Kartoffel- und Zuckerrübensorten behandelt, wobei sie vorzugsweise Bt-Toxine enthalten.In a particularly preferred are transgenic vegetable, corn, Soybean, cotton, tobacco, rice, potato and sugar beet varieties treated, preferably containing Bt toxins.
Bei den Gemüsepflanzen oder -sorten handelt es sich z. B. um die folgenden Nutzpflanzen:
- • Kartoffeln: vorzugsweise Stärkekartoffeln, Süßkartoffeln und Speisekartoffeln;
- • Wurzelgemüse: vorzugsweise Karotten, Kohlrüben (Speiserüben, Stoppelrüben (Brassica rapa var. rapa)), Frühjahrsrüben, Herbstrüben (Brassica campestris spp. Rapifera), Brassica rapa L. spp. rapa f. teltowiensis) Schwarzwurzeln, Topinambur, Wurzelpetersilie, Pastinake, Rettich und Meerrettich;
- • Knollengemüse: vorzugsweise Kohlrabi, Rote Beete, Knollensellerie, Radieschen;
- • Zwiebelgemüse: vorzugsweise Frühlingszwiebeln; Lauch und Zwiebeln (Steck- und Samenzwiebeln);
- • Kohlgemüse: vorzugsweise Kopfkohl (Weißkohl, Rotkohl, Blattkohl, Wirsingkohl), Blumenkohl, Brokkoli, Grünkohl, Markstammkohl, Meerkohl und Rosenkohl;
- • Fruchtgemüse: vorzugsweise Tomaten, (Freiland-, Rispen-, Fleisch-, Gewächshaus-, Cocktail-, Industrie- und Frischmarkt-Tomaten), Melonen, Eierfrüchte, Auberginen, Paprika (Gemüse- und Gewürzpaprika, Spanischer Pfeffer), Peperoni, Kürbisse, Zucchini und Gurken (Freiland-, Gewächs-, Schlangen- und Einlegegurken);
- • Gemüsehülsenfrüchte: vorzugsweise Buschbohnen (als Schwertbohnen, Perlbohnen, Flageoletbohnen, Wachsbohnen, Trockenkochbohnen mit grün- und gelbhülsigen Sorten), Stangenbohnen (als Schwertbohnen, Perlbohnen, Flageoletbohnen, Wachsbohnen mit grün-, blau- und gelbhülsigen Sorten), Dicke Bohnen (Ackerbohnen, Puffbohnen, Sorten mit weiß und schwarz gefleckten Blüten), Erbsen (Plattererbsen, Kichererbsen, Markererbsen, Schalerbsen, Zuckererbsen, Palerbsen, Sorten mit hell und dunkelgrünem Frischkorn) und Linsen;
- • Blatt- und Stielgemüse: vorzugsweise Chinakohl, Kopfsalat, Pflücksalat, Feldsalat, Eisbergsalat, Romanasalat, Eichblattsalat, Endivien, Radicchio, Lollo rosso-Salat, Rucolo-Salat, Chicoree, Spinat, Mangold (Blatt- und Stielmangold) und Petersilie;
- • Sonstige Gemüse: vorzugsweise Spargel, Rhabarber, Schnittlauch, Artischocken, Minzarten, Sonnenblumen, Knollenfenchel, Dill, Gartenkresse, Senf, Mohn, Erdnuss, Sesam und Salatzichorien.
- • Potatoes: preferably starch potatoes, sweet potatoes and ware potatoes;
- • root vegetables: preferably carrots, swedes (turnips, stubble turnips (Brassica rapa var. Rapa)), spring turnips, turnips (Brassica campestris spp., Rapifera), Brassica rapa L. spp. rapa f. teltowiensis) salsify, Jerusalem artichoke, root parsley, parsnip, radish and horseradish;
- • Tubers: preferably kohlrabi, beetroot, celeriac, radishes;
- • Onion vegetables: preferably spring onions; Leeks and onions (stick and seed bulbs);
- • cabbage: preferably cabbage (white cabbage, red cabbage, leaf cabbage, kale), cauliflower, broccoli, kale, marrow cabbage, cabbage and Brussels sprouts;
- • Fruits: preferably tomatoes, (field, panicle, meat, greenhouse, cocktail, industrial and fresh market tomatoes), melons, eggplant, aubergines, peppers (peppers and peppers), hot peppers, pumpkins , Courgettes and cucumbers (field, green, snake and cucumbers);
- Vegetable legumes: preferably wild beans (as sword beans, pea beans, flageolet beans, wax beans, dry beans with green and yellow-hulled varieties), runner beans (as sword beans, pea beans, lagoon beans, green, blue and yellow-hulled beans), broad beans (broad beans, Broad beans, varieties with white and black spotted flowers), peas (flat peas, chickpeas, marker peas, raspberries, sugar peas, palerbuts, varieties with light and dark green fresh grain) and lentils;
- • leaf and stalk vegetables: preferably Chinese cabbage, lettuce, pickle salad, corn salad, iceberg lettuce, romaine lettuce, oak leaf lettuce, endives, radicchio, lollo rosso salad, rucolo salad, chicory, spinach, Swiss chard and parsley;
- • Other vegetables: preferably asparagus, rhubarb, chives, artichokes, martens, sunflowers, tubers, dill, garden cress, mustard, poppy, peanut, sesame and salad chicory.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die transgenen Pflanzen mit einer Zusammensetzung enthaltend Trifloxystrobin behandelt, um eine synergistische Verstärkung
- (i) der Pestiziden Wirksamkeit und/oder
- (ii) des Aktivitätsspektrums gegen Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen und/oder
- (iii) bei der Bekämpfung von Schädlingen und/oder phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder Mikroorganismen mit teilweiser oder vollständiger Resistenz oder Toleranz gegen
- (i) the pesticides efficacy and / or
- (ii) the activity spectrum against pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms and / or
- (iii) in the control of pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms with partial or total resistance or tolerance to
Trifloxystrobin zu erhalten oder die Pflanze soll dahingehend genetisch verändert werden, dass sie gegen Wildtyp-Stämme oder empfindliche Stämme der genannten Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogenen Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen resistent wird.trifloxystrobin or the plant is genetically modified to that effect be that they are against wild type strains or sensitive ones Strains of said pests and / or phytopathogenic Fungi and / or microorganisms becomes resistant.
Die
Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Resistenz von Schädlingen
gegen Wirkstoffe sind dem Durchschnittsfachmann bekannt. Solche
Verfahren finden sich z. B. auf der Website des
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung führt die Behandlung einer transgenen Pflanze mit einer Zusammensetzung enthaltend Trifloxystrobin zu einem erhöhten Ertrag der transgenen Pflanze, wobei die transgene Pflanze:
- a) aus der Reihe der in Tabelle A: A-1 bis A-133 oder Tabelle B: B-1 bis B-85 aufgelisteten
- Pflanzen stammt, oder
- b) ein oder mehrere transgene Event(s) aus der Reihe der in Tabelle A: A-1 bis A-133 oder Tabelle B: B-1 bis B-85 aufgelisteten transgenen Events umfasst, oder
- c) ein Merkmal aufweist, das auf einem oder mehreren transgenen Event(s) wie in Tabelle C: C-1 bis C-12 aufgelistet basiert, oder
- d) ein transgenes Event aus Tabelle D: D-1 bis D-48 umfasst.
- a) from the series listed in Table A: A-1 to A-133 or Table B: B-1 to B-85
- Plants come, or
- b) one or more transgenic event (s) from the series of transgenic events listed in Table A: A-1 to A-133 or Table B: B-1 to B-85, or
- c) has a feature based on one or more transgenic event (s) listed in Table C: C-1 to C-12, or
- d) comprises a transgenic event from Table D: D-1 to D-48.
Erfindungsgemäß können die mit einer Zusammensetzung enthaltend Trifloxystrobin zu behandelnden transgenen Pflanzen auch Kombinationen von transgenen Events oder Merkmalen, die in den Tabellen A, B, C und D beschrieben sind, enthalten.According to the invention those to be treated with a composition containing trifloxystrobin Transgenic plants also have combinations of transgenic events or Characteristics described in Tables A, B, C and D included.
Tabelle A:Table A:
Nicht
allumfassende Liste von transgenen Pflanzen und Events für
die Nacharbeitung der Erfindung.
Quelle: AgBios-Datenbank (AGBIOS,
P. O. Box 475, 106 St. John St. Merrickville, Ontario K0G1N0, CANADA) zugänglich
unter:
Source: AgBios database (AGBIOS, PO Box 475, 106 St. John St. Merrickville, Ontario K0G1N0, CANADA) available at:
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Pflanzen A-1 bis A-133 von Tabelle A ganz oder teilweise bzw. wird Vermehrungsmaterial dieser Pflanzen mit Trifloxystrobin allein oder in Form von Zusammensetzungen, die Trifloxystrobin umfassen, behandelt oder in Kontakt gebracht.In In one embodiment of the invention, the plants A-1 to A-133 of Table A wholly or in part or is propagation material of these plants with trifloxystrobin alone or in the form of compositions, include trifloxystrobin, treated or contacted.
Tabelle BTable B
Nicht
allumfassende Liste von transgenen Pflanzen für die Durchführung
der Erfindung aus der APHIS-Datenbank des United States Department
of Agriculture (USDA). Die Datenbank findet sich unter:
In dieser Tabelle verwendete Abkürzungen:
- CMV-Gurkenmosaikvirus
- CPB-Kartoffelkäfer
- PLRV-Kartoffel-Blattrollvirus
- PRSV-Papaya-Ringspot-Virus
- PVY-Kartoffel-Y-Virus
- WMV2-Wassermelonenmosaikvirus 2
- ZYMV-Zucchini-Gelbmosaikvirus
- CMV cucumber mosaic virus
- CPB potato beetle
- PLRV potato leaf roll virus
- PRSV Papaya ringspot virus
- PVY potato virus Y
- WMV2 watermelon mosaic virus 2
- ZYMV Zucchini yellow mosaic virus
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Pflanzen B-1 bis B-85 von Tabelle B ganz oder teilweise bzw. wird Vermehrungsmaterial dieser Pflanzen mit Trifloxystrobin allein oder in Form von Zusammensetzungen, die Trifloxystrobin umfassen, behandelt oder in Kontakt gebracht.In In one embodiment of the invention, the plants B-1 to B-85 of Table B wholly or in part or is propagation material of these plants with trifloxystrobin alone or in the form of compositions, include trifloxystrobin, treated or contacted.
Tabelle CTable C
Nicht
allumfassende Liste von Merkmalen für die Nächarbeitung
der Erfindung mit Bezugnahme auf Schriften, in denen sie beschrieben
sind.
In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden die Pflanzen, die Merkmale gemäß C-1 bis C-12 von Tabelle C umfassen oder exprimieren, ganz oder teilweise bzw. wird Vermehrungsmaterial dieser Pflanzen mit Trifloxystrobin allein oder in Form von Zusammensetzungen, die Trifloxystrobin umfassen, behandelt oder in Kontakt gebracht.In In one embodiment of the invention, the plants, the features according to C-1 to C-12 of Table C. include or express wholly or partially or propagating material thereof Plants with trifloxystrobin alone or in the form of compositions, include trifloxystrobin, treated or contacted.
Tabelle DTable D
Nicht
allumfassende Liste von transgenen Events und Merkmalen, auf die
die Erfindung angewandt werden kann, unter Bezugnahme auf Patentanmeldungen.
In einer Ausführungsform werden die Pflanzen, die ein transgenes Event gemäß D-1 bis D-48 von Tabelle D umfassen oder solch ein Merkmal exprimieren ganz oder teilweise, bzw. wird Vermehrungsmaterial dieser Pflanzen, mit Trifloxystrobin allein oder in Form von Zusammensetzungen, die Trifloxystrobin umfassen, behandelt oder in Kontakt gebracht.In In one embodiment, the plants are transgenic Event according to D-1 to D-48 of Table D. or express such a feature wholly or partly, or will Propagating material of these plants, with trifloxystrobin alone or in the form of compositions comprising trifloxystrobin or contacted.
In einer Ausführungsform enthalten die Zusammensetzungen, die Trifloxystrobin umfassen, einen weiteren Wirkstoff. Insbesondere kann es sich hierbei um ein Fungizid oder ein Akarizid, ein Nematizide oder ein Insektizid oder um ein Herbizid handeln.In In one embodiment, the compositions contain the Trifloxystrobin include, another active ingredient. Especially this may be a fungicide or an acaricide, a nematicide or an insecticide or a herbicide.
Typischerweise beträgt das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen Trifloxystrobin und anderem Wirkstoff zwischen 1000 zu 1 und 1 zu 125, vorzugsweise zwischen 125 zu 1 und 1 zu 50 und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 25 zu 1 und 1 zu 5.typically, is the weight ratio between trifloxystrobin and other active ingredient between 1000 to 1 and 1 to 125, preferably between 125 to 1 and 1 to 50 and more preferably between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.
Bevorzugt sind die folgenden Fungizide, die ausgewählt sind aus der Gruppe bestehend aus:
- F1) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Nukleinsäuresynthese zu hemmen, wie Benalaxyl, Benalaxyl-M, Bupirimat, Clozylacon, Dimethirimol, Ethirimol, Furalaxyl, Hymexazol, Mefenoxam, Metalaxyl, Metalaxyl-M, Ofurace, Oxadixyl, Oxolinsäure;
- F2) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Mitrose und Zellteilung zu hemmen, wie Benomyl, Carbendazim, Diethofencarb, Ethaboxam, Fuberidazol, Pencycuron, Thiabendazol, Thiophanat-methyl, Zoxamid;
- F3) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Atmung zu hemmen, z. B. ein CI-Atmungshemmer wie Diflumetorim; ein CII-Atmungshemmer wie Boscalid, Carboxin, Fenfuram, Flutolanil, Furametpyr, Furmecyclox, Mepronil, Oxycarboxin, Penthiopyrad, Thifluzamid; ein CIII-Atmungshemmer wie Amisulbrom, Azoxystrobin, Cyazofamid, Dimoxystrobin, Enestrobin, Famoxadon, Fenamidon, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Picoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin;
- F4) Verbindung, die fähig ist, als Entkoppler zu wirken, wie Dinocap, Fluazinam, Meptyldinocap;
- F5) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die ATP-Produktion zu hemmen, wie Fentin-acetat, Fentin-chlorid, Fentin-hydroxid, Silthiofam;
- F6) Verbindung, die fähig ist, AA und die Proteinbiosynthese zu hemmen, wie Andoprim, Blasticidin-S, Cyprodinil, Kasugamycin, Kasugamycin-hydrochlorid-hydrat, Mepanipyrim, Pyrimethanil;
- F7) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Signalleitung zu hemmen, wie Fenpiclonil, Fludioxonil, Quinoxyfen;
- F8) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Lipid- und Membransynthese zu hemmen, wie Biphenyl, Chlozolinat, Edifenphos, Etridiazol, Iodocarb, Iprobenfos, Iprodion, Isoprothiolane, Procymidon, Propamocarb, Propamocarb-hydrochlorid, Pyrazophos, Tolclofos-methyl, Vinclozolin;
- F9) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Ergosterolbiosynthese zu hemmen, wie Aldimorph, Azaconazol, Bitertanol, Bromuconazol, Cyproconazol, Diclobutrazol, Difenoconazol, Diniconazol, Diniconazol-M, Dodemorph, Dodemorph-acetat, Epoxiconazole, Etaconazol, Fenarimol, Fenbuconazol, Fenhexamid, Fenpropidin, Fenpropimorph, Fluquinconazol, Flurprimidol, Flusilazol, Flutriafol, Furconazol, Furconazol-cis, Hexaconazol, Imazalil, Imazalil-sulfat, Imibenconazol, Ipconazol, Metconazol, Myclobutanil, Naftifin, Nuarimol, Oxpoconazol, Paclobutrazol, Pefurazoat, Penconazol, Prochloraz, Propiconazol, Iprovalicarb, Pyributicarb, Pyrifenox, Simeconazol, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Terbinafine, Tetraconazol, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Tridemorph, Triflumizol, Triforin, Triticonazol, Uniconazol, Valiphenal, Viniconazol, Voriconazol;
- F10) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Zellwandsynthese zu hemmen, wie Benthiavalicarb, Dimethomorph, Flumorph, Iprovalicarb, Mandipropamid, Polyoxine, Polyoxorim, Validamycin A;
- F11) Verbindung, die fähig ist, die Melaninbiosynthese zu hemmen, wie Carpropamid, Diclocymet, Fenoxanil, Phthalid, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazol;
- F12) Verbindung, die fähig ist, eine Wirtsabwehr zu induzieren, wie Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Probenazol, Tiadinil;
- F13) Verbindung, die fähig ist, eine Multisite-Wirkung auszuüben, wie Bordeaux-Brühe, Captafol, Captan, Chlorthalonil, Kupfernaphthenat, Kupferoxid, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupferpräparate wie Kupferhydroxid, Kupfersulfat, Dichlorfluanid, Dithianon, Dodin, Dodin (freie Base), Ferbam, Fluorfolpet, Folpet, Guazatin, Guazatin-acetat, Iminoctadin, Iminoctadin-albesilat, Iminoctadintriacetat, Mancopper, Mancozeb, Maneb, Metiram, Metiram-zink, Oxin-kupfer, Propineb, Schwefel und Schwefelpräparate darunter Calciumpolysulfid, Thiram, Tolylfluanid, Zineb, Ziram;
- F14) Verbindung aus der folgenden Aufzählung: Fluopyram, Sedaxane, Isopyrazam, Flutianil, (2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-Chlor-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluorpyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-acetamid, (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-Fluor-2-phenylvinyl]oxy}phenyl)ethyliden]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamid, 1-(4-Chlorphenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol, 1-[(4-Methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl-1H-imidazol-1-carboxylat, 1-Methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluorethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluormethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlor-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin, 2-Butoxy-6-iod-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-on, 2-Chlor-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)nicotinamid, 2-Phenylphenol und Salze, 3-(Difluormethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluorethoxy)phenyl]-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-N-[(9R)-9-isopropyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalin-5-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-N-[(9S)-9-isopropyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalin-5-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1-in-1-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3,4,5-Trichlorpyridin-2,6-dicarbonitril, 3-[5-(4-Chlorphenyl)-2,3-dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl]pyridin, 3-Chlor-5-(4-chlorphenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorphenyl)-6-methylpyridazin, 4-(4-Chlorphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorphenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazin, 5-Chlor-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorphenyl)[1,2,4]triazol[1,5-a]pyrimidin, 8-Hydroxychinolinsulfat, Benthiazol, Bethoxazin, Capsimycin, Carvon, Chinomethionat, Cufraneb, Cyflufenamid, Cymoxanil, Dazomet, Debacarb, Dichlorphen, Diclomezin, Dicloran, Difenzoquat, Difenzoquat-methylsulfat, Diphenylamin, Ecomat, Ferimzon, Flumetover, Fluopicolid, Fluorimid, Flusulfamid, Fosetyl-Al, Fosetyl-Ca, Fosetyl-Na, Hexachlorbenzol, Irumamycin, Isotianil, Methasulfocarb, Methyl-(2E)-2-(2-[({cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl}thio)methyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylat, Methyl-1-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazol-5-carboxylat, Methylisothiocyanat, Metrafenon, Mildiomycin, N-(3',4'-Dichlor-5-fluorbiphenyl-2-yl)-3-(difluormethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(3-Ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzamid, N-(4-Chlor-2-nitrophenyl)-N-ethyl-4-methylbenzolsulfonamid, N-(4-Chlorbenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-in-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamid, N-[(4-Chlorphenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-in-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamid, N-[(5-Brom-3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4-dichlornicotinamid, N-[1-(5-Brom-3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4-dichlornicotinamid, N-[1-(5-Brom-3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluor-4-iodnicotinamid, N-[2-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-5-fluor-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-{(Z)-[(Cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluormethoxy)-2,3-difluorphenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamid, N-{2-[1,1'-Bi(cyclopropyl)-2-yl]phenyl}-3-(difluormethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-{2-[3-Chlor-5-(trifluormethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethyl}-2-(trifluormethyl)benzamid, Natamycin, N-Ethyl-N-methyl-N'-(2-methyl-5-(trifluormethyl)-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamid, N-Ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(difluormethyl)-4- [3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamid, Nickeldimethyldithiocarbamat, Nitrothal-isopropyl, O-{1-[(4-Methoxyphenoxy)methyl]-2,2-dimethylpropyl}1H-imidazol-1-carbothioat, Octhilinon, Oxamocarb, Oxyfenthiin, Pentachlorphenol und Salze, phosphorige Säure und ihre Salze, Piperalin, Propamocarb-fosetylat, Propanosin-natrium, Proquinazid, Pyribencarb, Pyrrolnitrin, Quintozen, S-Allyl-5-amino-2-isopropyl-4-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-carbothioat, Tecloftalam, Tecnazen, Triazoxid, Trichlamid, Valiphenal, Zarilamid.
- F1) Compound capable of inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis, such as benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, bupirimate, clozylacone, dimethirimol, ethirimol, furalaxyl, hymexazole, mefenoxam, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxolinic acid;
- F2) compound capable of inhibiting mitosis and cell division, such as benomyl, carbendazim, diethofencarb, ethaboxam, fuberidazole, pencycuron, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, zoxamide;
- F3) compound capable of inhibiting respiration, e.g. A CI respiratory inhibitor such as diflumetorim; a CII respiratory inhibitor such as boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, flutolanil, furametpyr, furmecyclox, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad, thifluzamide; a CIII respiratory inhibitor such as amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, cyazofamide, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, famoxadone, fenamidone, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin;
- F4) compound capable of acting as a decoupler, such as dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap;
- F5) compound capable of inhibiting ATP production, such as fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide, silthiofam;
- F6) Compound capable of inhibiting AA and protein biosynthesis, such as andoprim, blasticidin-S, cyprodinil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil;
- F7) compound capable of inhibiting signal conduction, such as fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, quinoxyfen;
- F8) compound capable of inhibiting lipid and membrane synthesis such as biphenyl, chlozolinate, edifenphos, etridiazole, iodocarb, Iprobenfos, iprodione, isoprothiolanes, procymidone, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, pyrazophos, tolclofos-methyl, vinclozolin;
- F9) Compound capable of inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, such as aldimorph, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenhexamid, Fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole, furconazole-cis, hexaconazole, imazalil, imazalil sulfate, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, naftifine, nuarimol, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, Iprovalicarb, pyributicarb, pyrifenox, simeconazole, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, terbinafine, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tridemorph, triflumizole, triforin, triticonazole, uniconazole, valiphenal, viniconazole, voriconazole;
- F10) compound capable of inhibiting cell wall synthesis, such as benthiavalicarb, dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, mandipropamide, polyoxins, polyoxorim, validamycin A;
- F11) compound capable of inhibiting melanin biosynthesis, such as carpropamide, diclocymet, fenoxanil, phthalide, pyroquilone, tricyclazole;
- F12) Compound capable of inducing host defense, such as acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, tiadinil;
- F13) Compound capable of exerting a multisite effect, such as Bordeaux broth, captafol, captan, chlorothalonil, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper preparations such as copper hydroxide, copper sulfate, dichlorfluanid, dithianon, dodin, dodin (free base), Ferbam , Fluoro-folpet, folpet, guazatine, guazatine acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate, mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, metiram zinc, oxine copper, propineb, sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfide, thiram, tolylfluanid, zineb, ziram ;
- F14) compound from the following list: fluopyram, sedaxanes, isopyrazam, flutianil, (2E) -2- (2 - {[6- (3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) -5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl] oxy} phenyl ) -2- (methoxyimino) -N-methyl-acetamide, (2E) -2- {2 - [({[(1E) -1- (3 - {[(E) -1-fluoro-2-phenyl-vinyl] oxy} phenyl) ethylidene] amino} oxy) methyl] phenyl} -2- (methoxyimino) -N-methylacetamide, 1- (4-chlorophenyl) -2- (1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) cycloheptanol, 1 - [(4-methoxyphenoxy) methyl] -2,2-dimethylpropyl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate, 1-methyl-N- [2- (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) phenyl] - 3- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4- (methylsulfonyl) pyridine, 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-one , 2-chloro-N- (1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl) nicotinamide, 2-phenylphenol and salts, 3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-N- [2- (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy) phenyl] -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3- (difluoromethyl) -N - [(9R) -9-isopropyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl] -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3- (difluoromethyl) -N - [(9S) -9-isopropyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro dro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl] -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3- (difluoromethyl) -N- [4 '- (3,3-dimethylbut-1-yn-1 yl) biphenyl-2-yl] -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile, 3- [5- (4-chlorophenyl) -2,3- dimethylisoxazolidin-3-yl] pyridine, 3-chloro-5- (4-chlorophenyl) -4- (2,6-difluorophe nyl) -6-methylpyridazine, 4- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (2,6-difluorophenyl) -3,6-dimethylpyridazine, 5-chloro-7- (4-methylpiperidin-1-yl) -6- ( 2,4,6-trifluorophenyl) [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, benthiazole, bethoxazine, capsimycin, carvone, quinomethionate, Cufraneb, cyflufenamide, cymoxanil, dazomet, debacarb, dichlorophene , Diclomethine, diclorane, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamine, ecomat, ferimzone, flumetover, fluopicolide, fluorimide, flusulfamide, fosetyl-al, fosetyl-ca, fosetyl-Na, hexachlorobenzene, irumamycin, isotianil, methasulfocarb, methyl- (2E) -2- (2 - [({cyclopropyl [(4-methoxyphenyl) imino] methyl} thio) methyl] phenyl} -3-methoxyacrylate, methyl 1- (2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H- inden-1-yl) -1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate, methylisothiocyanate, metrafenone, mildiomycin, N- (3 ', 4'-dichloro-5-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) -3- (formylamino) -2-hydroxybenzamide, N- (4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl) -N-ethyl -4-methylbenzolsu Idmonamide, N- (4-chlorobenzyl) -3- [3-methoxy-4- (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy) phenyl] propanamide, N - [(4-chlorophenyl) (cyano) methyl] -3- [3-methoxy-4- (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy) phenyl] propanamide, N - [(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl) methyl] -2,4-dichloronotinamide, N- [ 1- (5-Bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl) -ethyl] -2,4-dichloro-nicotinamide, N- [1- (5-bromo-3-chloro-pyridin-2-yl) -ethyl] -2-fluoro-4 -iodnicotinamide, N- [2- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) phenyl] -5-fluoro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N - {(Z) - [(cyclopropylmethoxy) imino] [ 6- (difluoromethoxy) -2,3-difluorophenyl] methyl} -2-phenylacetamide, N- {2- [1,1'-bi (cyclopropyl) -2-yl] phenyl} -3- (difluoromethyl) -1- methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- {2- [3-chloro-5- (trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl] ethyl} -2- (trifluoromethyl) benzamide, natamycin, N-ethyl-N-methyl -N '- (2-methyl-5- (trifluoromethyl) -4- [3- (trimethylsilyl) propoxy] phenyl} imidoformamide, N-ethyl-N-methyl-N' - {2-methyl-5- (difluoromethyl) -4- [3- (trimethylsilyl) propoxy] phenyl} imidoformamide, nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, nitrothal isopropyl, O- {1 - [(4-methoxyphenoxy) methyl ] -2,2-dimethylpropyl} 1H-imidazole-1-carbothioate, octhilinone, oxamocarb, oxyfenthiine, pentachlorophenol and salts, phosphorous acid and its salts, piperine, propamocarb-fosetylate, propanosine sodium, proquinazide, pyribencarb, pyrrolnitrin, quintoene, S-allyl-5-amino-2-isopropyl-4- (2-methylphenyl) -3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioate, Tecloftalam, Tecnazene, triazoxide, trichlamide, valiphenal, zarilamide.
Besonders bevorzugte Fungizide als zusätzliche Wirkstoffe sind die folgenden Fungizide, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus: Azoxystrobin, Dimoxystrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Orysastrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Bixafen, Boscalid, Isopyrazam, Metalaxyl, Penthiopyrad, 3-Difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbonsäure-(2',4',5'-trifluorbiphenyl-2-yl)-amid, N-(2-Bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carbonsäureamid, Dimethomorph, Fluopicolid, Difenoconazol, Ipconazol, Epoxiconazole, Fluquinconazol, Flusilazol, Flutriafol, Metconazol, Myclobutanil, Propiconazol, Iprovalicarb, Tebuconazole, Tetraconazol, Triticonazol, Prochloraz, Carbendazim, Fluazinam, Cyprodinil, Pyrimethanil, Fludioxonil, Dodemorph, Fenpropimorph, Tridemorph, Fenpropidin, Iprodion, Vinclozolin, Famoxadon, Probenazol, Captan, Folpet, 5-Ethyl-6-octyl-[1,2,4]tri-azolo[1,5-a]yrimidin-7-ylamin, Mancozeb, Maneb, Metiram, Thiram, Dithianon, Fosetyl, Fosetyl-Al, Chlorthalonil, Thiophanat-methyl, Cymoxanil, Metrafenon, Spiroxamine, Bixafen, N-(3',4',5'-Trifluorbiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluormethy]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-[2-(4'-Trifluormethylthio)biphenyl]-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-[2-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)phenyl]-1,3-dimethyl-5-fluor-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(2-Bicyclopropyl-2-ylphenyl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(cis-2-Bicyclopropyl-2-ylphenyl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(trans-2-Bicyclopropyl-2-ylphenyl)-3-difluormethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-[1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-9-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-methanonaphthalin-5-yl]-3-(difluormethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, Valiphenal, Fluopyram, Sedaxane, Flutianil.Especially preferred fungicides as additional active ingredients are the following fungicides selected from the group consisting from: azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, Pyraclostrobin, bixafen, boscalid, isopyrazam, metalaxyl, penthiopyrad, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (2 ', 4', 5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -amide, N- (2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl) -3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, Dimethomorph, fluopicolide, difenoconazole, ipconazole, epoxiconazole, Fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole, myclobutanil, Propiconazole, iprovalicarb, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, Prochloraz, carbendazim, fluazinam, cyprodinil, pyrimethanil, fludioxonil, Dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, iprodione, vinclozolin, Famoxadone, probenazole, captan, folpet, 5-ethyl-6-octyl- [1,2,4] triazolo [1,5-a] yrimidin-7-ylamine, Mancozeb, maneb, metiram, thiram, dithianone, fosetyl, fosetyl-al, Chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, cymoxanil, metrafenone, spiroxamine, Bixafen, N- (3 ', 4', 5'-trifluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -3-difluoromethyl] -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- [2- (4'-trifluoromethylthio) biphenyl] -3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- [2- (1,3-dimethylbutyl) phenyl] -1,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl) -3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (cis-2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl) -3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- (trans-2-bicyclopropyl-2-yl-phenyl) -3-difluoromethyl-1 methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N- [1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9- (1-methylethyl) -1,4-methano-naphthalen-5-yl] -3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, Valiphenal, fluopyram, sedaxane, flutianil.
Bevorzugt sind die folgenden Insektizide/Acarizide/Nematizide, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe:
- (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-Hemmer, z. B. Carbamate, wie z. B. Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Aldoxycarb, Allyxycarb, Aminocarb, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Bufencarb, Butacarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Cloethocarb, Dimetilan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Fenothiocarb, Formetanat, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Metam-natrium, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Promecarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Trimethacarb, XMC, und Xylylcarb; oder Organophosphate, wie z. B. Acephat, Azamethiphos, Azinphos(-methyl, -ethyl), Bromophos-ethyl, Bromfenvinfos(-methyl), Butathiofos, Cadusafos, Carbophenothion, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlormephos, Chlorpyrifos(-methyl/-ethyl), Coumaphos, Cyanofenphos, Cyanophos, Chlorfenvinphos, Demeton-S-methyl, Demeton-S-methylsulfon, Dialifos, Diazinon, Dichlofenthion, Dichlorvos/DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoat, Dimethylvinphos, Dioxabenzofos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Etrimfos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Flupyrazofos, Fonofos, Formothion, Fosmethilan, Fosthiazat, Heptenophos, Iodofenphos, Iprobenfos, Isazofos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl, O-Salicylat, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methacrifos, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoat, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parathion(-methyl/-ethyl), Phenthoat, Phorat, Phosalon, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phosphocarb, Phoxim, Pirimiphos(-methyl/-ethyl), Profenofos, Propaphos, Propetamphos, Prothiofos, Prothoat, Pyraclofos, Pyridaphenthion, Pyridathion, Quinalphos, Sebufos, Sulfotep, Sulprofos, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon, Vamidothion und Imicyafos.
- (2) GABA-gesteuerte Chloridkanalantagonisten, z. B. Organochlorverbindungen, wie z. B. Camphechlor, Chlordan, Endosulfan, Gamma-HCH, HCH, Heptachlor, Lindan und Methoxychlor; oder Fiprole (Phenylpyrazole), wie z. B. Acetoprol, Ethiprol, Fipronil, Pyrafluprol, Pyriprol und Vaniliprol.
- (3) Natriumkanalmodulatoren/spannungsabhängige Natriumkanalblocker, z. B. Pyrethroide, wie z. B. Acrinathrin, Allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), Beta-cyfluthrin, Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin S-Cyclopentylisomer, Bioethanomethrin, Biopermethrin, Bioresmethrin, Chlovaporthrin, cis-Cypermethrin, cis-Resmethrin, cis-Permethrin, Clocythrin, Cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin, Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), Cyphenothrin, Deltamethrin, Empenthrin (1R-Isomer), Esfenvalerat, Etofenprox, Fenfluthrin, Fenpropathrin, Fenpyrithrin, Fenvalerat, Flubrocythrinat, Flucythrinat, Flufenprox, Flumethrin, Fuvalinat, Fubfenprox, gamma-Cyhalothrin, Imiprothrin, Kadethrin, lambda-Cyhalothrin, Metofluthrin, Permethrin (cis-, trans-), Phenothrin (1R-trans-Isomer), Prallethrin, Profluthrin, Protrifenbut, Pyresmethrin, Resmethrin, RU 15525, Silafluofen, tau-Fluvalinat, Tefluthrin, Terallethrin, Tetramethrin (-1R-Isomer), Tralomethrin, Transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, Pyrethrin (Pyrethrum), Eflusilanat; DDT; oder Methoxychlor.
- (4) Nicotinerge Acetylcholinrezeptoragonisten/-antagonisten, z. B. Chlornicotinyle, wie z. B. Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Imidaclothiz, Nitenpyram, Nithiazin, Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam, AKD-1022; Nicotin, Bensultap, Cartap, Thiosultap-natrium und Thiocylam.
- (5) Allostere Acetylcholinrezeptormodulatoren (Agonisten), z. B. Spinosyne, wie z. B. Spinosad und Spinetoram.
- (6) Chloridkanalaktivatoren, z. B. Mectine/Macrolide, wie z. B. Abamectin, Emamectin, Emamectinbenzoat, Ivermectin, Lepimectin und Milbemectin; oder Juvenilhormonanaloge, z. B. Hydropren, Kinopren, Methopren, Epofenonan, Tripren, Fenoxycqarb, Pyriproxifen und Diofenolan.
- (7) Wirkstoffe mit unbekannten oder unspezifischen Wirkmechanismen, z. B. Vergasungsmittel, wie z. B. Methylbromid, Chlorpicrin und Sulfurylfluorid; Selektive Frashemmer, z. B. Cryolit, Pymetrozin, Pyrifluquinazon und Flonicamid; oder Milbenwachstumshemmer, z. B. Clofentezin, Hexythiazox, Etoxazol.
- (8) Hemmer der oxidativen Phosphorylation, ATP-Disruptoren, z. B. Diafenthiuron; Organotinverbindungen, wie z. B. Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin und Fenbutatin-oxid; oder Propargit, Tetradifon.
- (9) Entkoppler der oxidativen Phoshorylierung durch Unterbrechung des H-Protonen-Gradienten, z. B. Chlorfenapyr, Binapacryl, Dinobuton, Dinocap und DNOC.
- (10) Mikrobielle Disruptoren der Insektendarmmembran, z. B. Bacillus thuringiensis-Stämme.
- (11) Chitinbiosynthesehemmer, z. B. Benzoylharnstoffe, z. B. Bistrifluron, Chlorfluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Fluazuron, Flucycloxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Penfluron, Teflubenzuron oder Triflumuron.
- (12) Buprofezin.
- (13) Verbindungen, die die Häutung unterbrechen, z. B. Cyromazin.
- (14) Ecdysonagonisten/Disruptoren, z. B. Diacylhydrazine, wie z. B. Chromafenozid, Halofenozid, Methoxyfenozid, Tebufenozid und Fufenozid (JS118); oder Azadirachtin.
- (15) Octopaminerge Agonisten, z. B. Amitraz.
- (16) Site-III-Elektronentransporthemmer/Site-II-Elektronentransporthemmer, z. B. Hydramethylnon; Acequinocyl; Fluacrypyrim; oder Cyflumetofen und Cyenopyrafen.
- (17) Elektronentransporthemmer, z. B. Site-I-Elektronentransporthemmer aus der Gruppe der METS-Acarizide, wie z. B. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximat, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, Tolfenpyrad und Rotenon; oder spannungsabhängige Natriumkanalblocker, wie z. B. Indoxacarb und Metaflumizon.
- (18) Fettsäurebiosynthesehemmer, z. B. Tetronsäurederivative, z. B. Spirodiclofen und Spiromesifen oder Tetramsäurederivative, z. B. Spirotetramat.
- (19) Neuronalhemmer mit unbekanntem Wirkmechanismus, z. B. Bifenazat.
- (20) Ryanodinrezeptoreffektoren, z. B. Diamide, z. B. Flubendiamid, (R),(S)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluor-1-(trifluormethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid, Chlorantraniliprol (Rynaxypyr) oder Cyantraniliprol (Cyazypyr).
- (21) Weitere Wirkstoffe mit unbekanntem Wirkmechanimus, z. B.
Amidoflumet, Benclothiaz, Benzoximat, Bromopropylat, Buprofezin,
Chinomethionat, Chlordimeform, Chlorbenzilat, Clothiazoben, Cyclopren,
Dicofol, Dicyclanil, Fenoxacrim, Fentrifanil, Flubenzimin, Flufenerim,
Flutenzin, Gossyplure, Japonilure, Metoxadiazon, Petroleum, Kaliumoleat,
Pyridalyl, Sulfluramid, Tetrasul, Triarathen oder Verbutin; oder
einer der folgenden Wirkstoffe: 4-{[(6-Brompyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino)furan-2(5H)-on
(bekannt aus
), 4-{[(6-Fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115644 ), 4-{[(2-Chlor-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115644 ), 4-{[(6-Chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115644 ), 4-{[(6-Chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on bekannt ausWO 2007/ 115644 ), 4-{[(6-Chlor-5-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115644 ), 4-{[(5,6-Dichlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluorethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115643 ), 4-{[(6-Chlor-5-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino)furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115646 ), 4-{[(6-Chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausWO 2007/115643 ), 4-{[(6-Chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-on (bekannt ausEP-A-0 539 588 ), [(6-Chlorpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt ausEP-A-0 539 588 ), [1-(6-Chlorpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt ausWO 2007/149134 ) und seine Diastereomere (A) und (B) (ebenfalls bekannt ausWO 2007/149134 ), [(6-Trifluormethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt ausWO 2007/149134 ) oder [1-(6-Trifluormethylpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidencyanamid (bekannt ausWO 2007/095229 ) und seine Diastereomere (C) und (D), nämlich SulfoxaflorWO 2007/149134
- (1) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, e.g. B. carbamates, such as. B. alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, dimetilane, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, metam-sodium, Methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, promecarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, and xylylcarb; or organophosphates, such as. Acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), bromophos-ethyl, bromfenvinfos (-methyl), butathiofos, cadusafos, carbophenothion, chloroethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl / -ethyl), coumaphos, cyanofenphos, Cyanophos, Chlorfenvinphos, Demeton-S-methyl, Demeton-S-methylsulfone, Dialifos, Diazinon, Dichlofenthione, Dichlorvos / DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Dioxabenzofos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Etrimfos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Flupyrazofos, Fonofos, Formothion, Fosmethilane, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Iodofenphos, Iprobenfos, Isazofos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl, O-Salicylate, Isoxathione, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methacrifos, Methamidophos, Methidathione, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemeton-methyl, parathion (-methyl / -ethyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidone, phosphocarb, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl / -ethyl), profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos, prothoate, pyraclofo s, Pyridaphenthion, Pyridathion, Quinalphos, Sebufos, Sulfotep, Sulprofos, Tebupirimfos, Teme phos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometone, triazophos, triclorfone, vamidothion and imicyafos.
- (2) GABA-controlled chloride channel antagonists, e.g. B. organochlorine compounds, such as. B. camphechlor, chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane and methoxychlor; or fiproles (phenylpyrazoles), such as. Acetoprol, Ethiprol, Fipronil, Pyrafluprol, Pyriprol and Vaniliprole.
- (3) sodium channel modulators / voltage dependent sodium channel blockers, e.g. As pyrethroids, such as. B. acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentyl isomer, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, Clocythrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin (1R isomer), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenpyrithrine, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate, Flufenprox, flumethrin, fuvalinate, fubfenprox, gamma-cyhalothrin, imiprothrin, kadethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin (cis-, trans-), phenothrin (1R-trans isomer), prallethrin, profluthrin, protrifenbut, pyresmethrin, resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin (-1R isomer), tralomethrin, transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), eflusilanate; DDT; or methoxychlor.
- (4) nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists, e.g. B. chloronicotinyls, such as. Acetamidopride, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, AKD-1022; Nicotine, Bensultap, Cartap, Thiosultap Sodium and Thiocylam.
- (5) Allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators (agonists), e.g. B. spinosyn, such. Spinosad and spinetoram.
- (6) chloride channel activators, e.g. As Mectins / macrolides, such as. Abamectin, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin and milbemectin; or juvenile hormone analogs, e.g. As hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, epofenone, tripene, Fenoxycqarb, pyriproxifen and diofenolane.
- (7) agents with unknown or unspecific mechanisms of action, eg. B. gasification agents, such as. Methyl bromide, chloropicrine and sulfuryl fluoride; Selective Frashemmer, z. Cryolite, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazone and flonicamide; or mite growth inhibitors, e.g. Clofentezine, hexythiazox, etoxazole.
- (8) Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP disruptors, e.g. B. diafenthiuron; Organotin compounds, such as. Azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide; or propargite, tetradifon.
- (9) decoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by interruption of the H proton gradient, e.g. G., Chlorfenapyr, binapacryl, dinobutone, dinocap and DNOC.
- (10) Microbial disruptors of insect intestinal membrane, e.g. B. Bacillus thuringiensis strains.
- (11) chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, e.g. B. Benzoylureas, z. Bistrifluron, chlorofluorazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron.
- (12) Buprofezin.
- (13) compounds interrupting moulting, e.g. Cyromazine.
- (14) ecdysone agonists / disruptors, e.g. As diacylhydrazines, such as. Chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide and fufenozide (JS118); or Azadirachtin.
- (15) Octopaminergic agonists, e.g. B. Amitraz.
- (16) Site III Electron Transport Inhibitor / Site II Electron Transport Inhibitor, e.g. B. hydramethylnone; acequinocyl; fluacrypyrim; or Cyflumetofen and Cyenopyrafen.
- (17) Electron transport inhibitor, e.g. B. Site I electron transport inhibitor from the group of METS acaricides, such as. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, Tolfenpyrad and Rotenone; or voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, such as. Indoxacarb and metaflumizone.
- (18) fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors, e.g. B. Tetronsäurederivative, z. B. spirodiclofen and spiromesifen or Tetramsäurederivative, z. B. spirotetramat.
- (19) neuronal inhibitor with unknown mechanism of action, e.g. B. Bifenazate.
- (20) ryanodine receptor effectors, e.g. B. diamides, z. B. flubendiamide, (R), (S) -3-chloro-N 1 - {2-methyl-4- [1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl) ethyl] phenyl} -N 2 - (1-methyl-2-methylsulfonylethyl) phthalamide, chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr) or cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr).
- (21) Further agents with unknown mode of action, eg. B. amidoflumet, benclothiazole, benzoximate, bromopropylate, buprofezin, quinomethionate, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate, clothiazoben, cycloprene, dicofol, dicyclanil, fenoxacrim, fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flufenerim, flotenzin, gossyplure, japonilurane, metoxadiazon, petroleum, potassium oleate, pyralidyl, sulfluramide, Tetrasul, triarathen or verbutin; or one of the following active ingredients: 4 - {[(6-bromopyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino) furan-2 (5H) -one (known from
), 4 - {[(6-fluoropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2,2-difluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (Known fromWO 2007/115644 ), 4 - {[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115644 ), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115644 ), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2,2-difluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one is knownWO 2007/115644 ), 4 - {[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115644 ), 4 - {[(5,6-dichloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (2-fluoroethyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115643 ), 4 - {[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (cyclopropyl) amino) furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWHERE 2007/115646 ), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (cyclopropyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromWO 2007/115643 ), 4 - {[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) amino} furan-2 (5H) -one (known fromEP-A-0 539 588 ), [(6-chloropyridin-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) oxido-λ 4 -sulfanylidenecyanoanamide (known fromEP-A-0 539 588 ), [1- (6-chloropyridin-3-yl) ethyl] (methyl) oxido-λ 4 -sulfanylidenecyanoanamide (known fromWO 2007/149134 ) and its diastereomers (A) and (B) (also known fromWO 2007/149134 ), [(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl) methyl] (methyl) oxido-λ 4 -sulfanylidenecyanoanamide (known fromWO 2007/149134 ) or [1- (6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl) ethyl] (methyl) oxido-λ 4 -sulfanylidenecyanoanamide (known fromWO 2007/095229 ) and its diastereomers (C) and (D), namely sulfoxaflorWO 2007/149134
Besonders bevorzugte Acarizide, Nematizide oder- Insektizide als zusätzliche Wirkstoff sind ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Acephat, Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon, Dichlorvos, Dimethoat, Fenitrothion, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Methyl-parathion, Monocrotophos, Phorat, Profenofos, Terbufos, Aldicarb, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Methomyl, Thiodicarb, Bifenthrin, Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, alpha-Cypermethrin, zeta-Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Esfenvalerat, lambda-Cyhalothrin, Permethrin, Tefluthrin, Diflubenzuron, Flufenoxuron, Lufenuron, Teflubenzuron, Spirotetramat; Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Acetamiprid, Thiacloprid; Endosulfan, Fipronil, Abamectin, Emamectin, Spinosad, Spinetoram, Hydramethylnon; Chlorfenapyr; Fenbutatin-oxid, Indoxacarb, Metaflumizon, Flonicamid, Flubendiamid, Chlorantraniliprol, Cyazypyr (HGW86), Cyflumetofen.Especially preferred acaricides, nematicides or insecticides as additional Active substance are selected from the group consisting of Acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dimethoate, fenitrothion, methamidophos, Methidathion, Methyl parathion, Monocrotophos, Phorate, Profenofos, Terbufos, aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, methomyl, Thiodicarb, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, lambda-cyhalothrin, Permethrin, tefluthrin, diflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, lufenuron, Teflubenzuron, spirotetramate; Clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid; Endosulfan, fipronil, abamectin, Emamectin, spinosad, spinetoram, hydramethylnone; chlorfenapyr; Fenbutatin oxide, Indoxacarb, Metaflumizone, Flonicamid, Flubendiamid, Chlorantraniliprol, Cyazypyr (HGW86), Cyflumetofen.
Ganz bevorzugte Acarizide, Nematizide oder Insektizide als zusätzliche Wirkstoffe sind ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Thiodicarb, Cyfluthrin, Tefluthrin, Clothianidin, Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Acetamiprid, Thiacloprid; Fipronil, Abamectin, Flubendiamid Chlorantraniliprol, Cyazypyr.All preferred acaricides, nematicides or insecticides as additional Active ingredients are selected from the group consisting of Thiodicarb, cyfluthrin, tefluthrin, clothianidin, imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid; Fipronil, abamectin, flubendiamide Chlorantraniliprole, Cyazypyr.
Geeignete
Herbizde sind solche, die auf einer Inhibition von beispielsweise
Acetolactat-Synthase, Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase, Cellulose-Synthase,
Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphat-Synthase, Glutamin- Synthetase, p-Hydroxyphenylpyruvat-Dioxygenase,
Phytoendesaturase, Photosystem I, Photosystem II, Protoporphyrinogen-Oxidase
beruhen, und wie sie z. B. in
Als
Herbizide oder Pflanzenwachstumsregulatoren, die mit den erfindungsgemäß kombiniert
werden können sind folgende herbizid wirksamen Verbindungen
zu nennen:
Acetochlor, Acibenzolar, Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Acifluorfen,
Acifluorfen-sodium, Aclonifen, Alachlor, Allidochlor, Alloxydim,
Alloxydim-sodium, Ametryn, Amicarbazone, Amidochlor, Amidosulfuron,
Aminopyralid, Amitrole, Ammoniumsulfamat, Ancymidol, Anilofos, Asulam,
Atrazine, Azafenidin, Azimsulfuron, Aziprotryn, BAH-043, BAS-140H,
BAS-693H, BAS-714H, BAS-762H, BAS-776H, BAS-800H, Beflubutamid,
Benazolin, Benazolin-ethyl, bencarbazone, Benfluralin, Benfuresate,
Bensulide, Bensulfuron-methyl, Bentazone, Benzfendizone, Benzobicyclon,
Benzofenap, Benzofluor, Benzpylprop, Bifenox, Bilanafos, Bilanafos-natrium,
Bispyribac, Bispyribac-natrium, Bromacil, Bromobutide, Bromofenoxim,
Bromoxynil, Bromuron, Burninafos, Busoxinone, Butachlor, Butafenacil,
Butamifos, Butenachlor, Butralin, Butroxydim, Butylate, Cafenstrole,
Carbetamide, Carfentrazone, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Chlomethoxyfen,
Chloramben, Chlorazifop, Chlorazifop-butyl, Chlorbromuron, Chlorbufam,
Chlorfenac, Chlorfenac-natrium, Chlorfenprop, Chlorflurenol, Chlorflurenol-methyl,
Chloridazon, Chlorimuron, Chlorimuron-ethyl, Chlormequat-chlorid,
Chlornitrofen, Chlorophthalim, Chlorthal-dimethyl, Chlorotoluron,
Chlorsulfuron, Cinidon, Cinidon-ethyl, Cinmethylin, Cinosulfuron,
Clethodim, Clodinafop Clodinafop-propargyl, Clofencet, Clomazone,
Clomeprop, Cloprop, Clopyralid, Cloransulam, Cloransulam-methyl,
Cumyluron, Cyanamide, Cyanazine, Cyclanilide, Cycloate, Cyclosulfamuron,
Cycloxydim, Cycluron, Cyhalofop, Cyhalofop-butyl, Cyperquat, Cyprazine,
Cyprazole, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, Daimuron/Dymron, Dalapon, Daminozide,
Dazomet, n-Decanol, Desmedipham, Desmetryn, Detosyl-Pyrazolate (DTP),
Diallate, Dicamba, Dichlobenil, Dichlorprop, Dichlorprop-P, Diclofop,
Diclofop-methyl, Diclofop-P-methyl, Diclosulam, Diethatyl, Diethatyl-ethyl,
Difenoxuron, Difenzoquat, Diflufenican, Diflufenzopyr, Diflufenzopyr-natrium,
Dimefuron, Dikegulac-sodium, Dimefuron, Dimepiperate, Dimethachlor,
Dimethametryn, Dimethenamid, Dimethenamid-P, Dimethipin, Dimetrasulfuron,
Dinitramine, Dinoseb, Dinoterb, Diphenamid, Dipropetryn, Diquat, Diquat-dibromide,
Dithiopyr, Diuron, DNOC, Eglinazine-ethyl, Endothal, EPTC, Esprocarb,
Ethalfluralin, Ethametsulfuron-methyl, Ethephon, Ethidimuron, Ethiozin,
Ethofumesate, Ethoxyfen, Ethoxyfen-ethyl, Ethoxysulfuron, Etobenzanid,
F-5331, d. h. N[2-Chlor-4-fluor-5-[4-(3fluorpropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]-phenyl]-ethansulfonamid,
Fenoprop, Fenoxaprop, Fenoxaprop-P, Fenoxaprop-ethyl, Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl,
Fentrazamide, Fenuron, Flamprop, Flamprop-M-isopropyl, Flamprop-M-methyl,
Flazasulfuron, Florasulam, Fluazifop, Fluazifop-P, Fluazifop-butyl,
Fluazifop-P-butyl, Fluazolate, Flucarbazone, Flucarbazone-sodium,
Flucetosulfuron, Fluchloralin, Flufenacet (Thiafluamide), Flufenpyr,
Flufenpyr-ethyl, Flumetralin, Flumetsulam, Flumiclorac, Flumiclorac-pentyl,
Flumioxazin, Flumipropyn, Fluometuron, Fluorodifen, Fluoroglycofen,
Fluoroglycofen-ethyl, Flupoxam, Flupropacil, Flupropanate, Flupyrsulfuron,
Flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, Flurenol, Flurenol-butyl, Fluridone,
Flurochloridone, Fluroxypyr, Fluroxypyr-meptyl, Flurprimidol, Flurtamone,
Fluthiacet, Fluthiacet-methyl, Fluthiamide, Fomesafen, Foramsulfuron,
Forchlorfenuron, Fosamine, Furyloxyfen, Gibberellinsäure,
Glufosinate, L-Glufosinate, L-Glufosinate-ammonium, Glufosinate-ammonium,
Glyphosate, Glyphosate-isopropylammonium, H-9201, Halosafen, Halosulfuron,
Halosulfuron-methyl, Haloxyfop, Haloxyfop-P, Haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl,
Haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, Haloxyfop-methyl, Haloxyfop-P-methyl, Hexazinone,
HNPC-9908, HOK-201, HW-02, Imazamethabenz, Imazamethabenz-methyl,
Imazamox, Imazapic, Imazapyr, Imazaquin, Imazethapyr, Imazosulfuron,
Inabenfide, Indanofan, Indolessigsäure (IAA), 4-Indol-3-ylbuttersäure (IBA),
Iodosulfuron, Iodosulfuron-methyl-natrium, Ioxynil, Isocarbamid,
Isopropalin, Isoproturon, Isouron, Isoxaben, Isoxachlortole, Isoxaflutole,
Isoxapyrifop, IDH-100, KUH-043, KUH-071, Karbutilate, Ketospiradox, Lactofen,
Lenacil, Linuron, Maleinsäurehydrazid, MCPA, MCPB, MCPB-methyl,
-ethyl und -natrium, Mecoprop, Mecoprop-natrium, Mecoprop-butotyl,
Mecoprop-P-butotyl, Mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, Mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl,
Mecoprop-P-kalium, Mefenacet, Mefluidide, Mepiquat-chlorid, Mesosulfuron,
Mesosulfuron-methyl, Mesotrione, Methabenzthiazuron, Metam, Metamifop,
Metamitron, Metazachlor, Methazole, Methoxyphenone, Methyldymron,
1-Methylcyclopropen, Methylisothiocyanat, Metobenzuron, Metobenzuron,
Metobromuron, Metolachlor, S-Metolachlor, Metosulam, Metoxuron,
Metribuzin, Metsulfuron, Metsulfuron-methyl, Molinate, Monalide,
Monocarbamide, Monocarbamide-dihydrogensulfat, Monolinuron, Monosulfuron,
Monuron, MT 128, MT-5950, d. h. N-[3-Chlor-4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-2-methylpentanamid,
NGGC-011, Naproanilide, Napropamide, Naptalam, NC-310, d. h. 4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1-methyl-5-benzyloxypyrazole,
Neburon, Nicosulfuron, Nipyraclofen, Nitralin, Nitrofen, Nitrophenolat-natrium
(Isomerengemisch), Nitrofluorfen, Nonansäure, Norflurazon,
Orbencarb, Orthosulfamuron, Oryzalin, Oxadiargyl, Oxadiazon, Oxasulfuron,
Oxaziclomefone, Oxyfluorfen, Paclobutrazol, Paraquat, Paraquat-dichlorid,
Pelargonsäure (Nonansäure), Pendimethalin, Pendralin,
Penoxsulam, Pentanochlor, Pentoxazone, Perfluidone, Pethoxamid,
Phenisopham, Phenmedipham, Phenmedipham-ethyl, Picloram, Picolinafen,
Pinoxaden, Piperophos, Pirifenop, Pirifenop-butyl, Pretilachlor,
Primisulfuron, Primisulfuron-methyl, Probenazole, Profluazol, Procyazine,
Prodiamine, Prifluraline, Profoxydim, Prohexadione, Prohexadione-calcium,
Prohydrojasmone, Prometon, Prometryn, Propachlor, Propanil, Propaquizafop,
Propazine, Propham, Propisochlor, Propoxycarbazone, Propoxycarbazone-natrium,
Propyzamide, Prosulfalin, Prosulfocarb, Prosulfuron, Prynachlor,
Pyraclonil, Pyraflufen, Pyraflufenethyl, Pyrasulfotole, Pyrazolynate
(Pyrazolate), Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, Pyrazoxyfen, Pyribambenz, Pyribambenz-isopropyl,
Pyribenzoxim, Pyributicarb, Pyridafol, Pyridate, Pyriftalid, Pyrimiflobac,
Pyriminobac-methyl, Pyrimisulfan, Pyrithiobac, Pyrithiobac-natrium,
Pyroxasulfone, Pyroxsulam, Quinclorac, Quinmerac, Quinoclamine,
Quizalofop, Quizalofop-ethyl, Quizalofop-P, Quizalofop-P- ethyl,
Quizalofop-P-tefuryl, Rimsulfuron, Secbumeton, Sethoxydim, Siduron,
Simazine, Simetryn, SN-106279, Sulcotrione, Sulfallate (CDEC), Sulfentrazone,
Sulfometuron, Sulfometuron-methyl, Sulfosate (Glyphosate-trimesium),
Sulfosulfuron, SYN-523, SYP-249, SYP-298, SYP-300, Tebutam, Tebuthiuron,
Tecnazene, Tefuryltrione, Tembotrione, Tepraloxydim, Terbacil, Terbucarb, Terbuchlor,
Terbumeton, Terbuthylazine, Terbutryn, TH-547, Thenylchlor, Thiafluamide,
Thiazafluron, Thiazopyr, Thidiazimin, Thidiazuron, Thiencarbazone,
Thiencarbazone-methyl, Thifensulfuron, Thifensulfuron-methyl, Thiobencarb,
Tiocarbazil, Topramezone, Tralkoxydim, Triallate, Triasulfuron,
Triaziflam, Triazofenamide, Tribenuron, Tribenuron-methyl, Trichloressigsäure
(TCA), Triclopyr, Tridiphane, Trietazine, Trifloxysulfuron, Trifloxysulfuronnatrium,
Trifluralin, Triflusulfuron, Triflusulfuron-methyl, Trimeturon,
Trinexapac, Trinexapac-ethyl, Tritosulfuron, Tsitodef, Uniconazole,
Uniconazole-P, Vernolate, ZJ-0166, ZJ-0270, ZJ-0543, oder ZJ-0862
sowie die. folgenden Verbindungen As herbicides or plant growth regulators which can be combined with the present invention, the following herbicidally active compounds are mentioned:
Acetochlor, acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidochlor, amidosulfuron, aminopyralid, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, ancymidol, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, Azafenidin, Azimsulfuron, Aziprotryn, BAH-043, BAS-140H, BAS-693H, BAS-714H, BAS-762H, BAS-776H, BAS-800H, Beflubutamide, Benazoline, Benazolin-ethyl, bencarbazone, Benfluralin, Benfuresate, Bensulide, Bensulfuron-methyl, Bentazone, Benzofendizone, Benzobicyclone, Benzofenap, Benzofluor, Benzpylprop, Bifenox, Bilanafos, Bilanafos-Sodium, Bispyribac, Bispyribac-Sodium, Bromacil, Bromobutide, Bromofenoxime, Bromoxynil, Bromuron, Burninafos, Busoxinone, Butachlor, Butafenacil, Butamifos, Butenachlor, Butraline, Butroxydim, Butylates, Cafenstrole, Carbetamide, Carfentrazone, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Chlomethoxyfen, Chloramben, Chlorazifop, Chlorazifop-butyl, Chlorobromuron, Chlorbufam, Chlorfenac, Chlorfenac Sodium, Chlorfenprop, Chlorflurenol, Chlorflurenol-me ethyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlormequat chloride, chloronitrofen, chlorophthalim, chlorothal-dimethyl, chlorotoluron, chlorosulfuron, cinidone, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafop clodinafop-propargyl, clofencet, clomazone, clomeprop, cloprop , Clopyralid, Cloransulam, Cloransulam-methyl, Cumyluron, Cyanamide, Cyanazine, Cyclanilide, Cycloate, Cyclosulfamuron, Cycloxydim, Cycluron, Cyhalofop, Cyhalofop-butyl, Cyperquat, Cyprazine, Cyprazole, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, Daimuron / Dymron, dalapon, daminozide, dazomet, n-decanol, desmedipham, desmetryne, detosyl-pyrazolate (DTP), dialkylate, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclofop-P-methyl, diclosulam, Diethatyl, diethylethyl, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, dimefuron, dikegulac-sodium, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipine, dimetrasulfuron, dinitramine, dinoseb , Dinoterb, Diphenamid, Dipropetryn, Diquat, Diquat-dibromide, Dithiopyr, Diuron, DNOC, Eglinazine-ethyl, Endothal, EPTC, Esprocarb, Ethalfluralin, Ethametsulfuron-methyl, Ethephon, Ethidimuron, Ethiozine, Ethofumesate, Ethoxyfen, Ethoxyfen-ethyl, Ethoxysulfuron , Etobenzanide, F-5331, ie, N [2-chloro-4-fluoro-5- [4- (3-fluoropropyl) -4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-tetrazol-1-yl] -phenyl] -ethanesulfonamide , Fenoprop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fentrazamide, fenuron, flamprop, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-butyl , Fluazifop-P-butyl, Fluazolate, Flucarbazone, Flucarbazone-sodium, Flucetosulfuron, Fluchloralin, Flufenacet (Thiafluamide), Flufenpyr, Flufenpyr-ethyl, Flumetralin, Flumetsulam, Flumiclorac, Flumiclorac-pentyl, Flumioxazin, Flumipropyn, Fluometuron, Fluorodifen, Fluoroglycofen, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, flurenol, corridor enol-butyl, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurprimidol, flurtamone, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, fluthiamide, fomesafen, foramsulfuron, forchlorfenuron, fosamine, furyloxyfen, gibberellin, glufosinate, l-glufosinate, l-glufosinate-ammonium, Glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, H-9201, halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfopethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, hexazinone, HNPC-9908, HOK-201, HW-02, imazamethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, imazosulfuron, inabenfide, indanofan, indoleacetic acid (IAA), 4-indol-3-yl-butyric acid (IBA), Iodosulfuron, Iodosulfuron-methyl-Sodium, Ioxynil, Isocarbamide, Isopropalin, Isoproturon, Isouron, Isoxaben, Isoxachlortole, Isoxaflutole, Isoxapyrifop, IDH-100, KUH-043, KUH-071, Carbutilate, Ketospiradox, Lactofen, Lenacil, Linuron, Maleic Hydrazide, MCPA, MCPB , MCPB-methyl, -ethyl and -sodium, mecoprop, mecoprop-sodium, mecoprop-butotyl, mecoprop-p-butotyl, mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-P-potassium, mefenacet, mefluidides , Mepiquat chloride, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, methabenzthiazuron, metam, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, methazoles, methoxyphenones, methyldymron, 1-methylcyclopropene, methylisothiocyanate, metobenzuron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, s-metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron , Metribuzin, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, molinates, monalides, monocarbamides, monocarbamide dihydrogen sulfate, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monuron, MT 128, MT-5950, ie N- [3-chloro-4- (1-methylethyl) phenyl] - 2-methylpentanamide, NGGC-011, naproanilides, napropamide, naptalam, NC-310, ie 4- (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) -1-methyl-5-benzyloxypyrazoles, neburon, nicosulfuron, nipyraclofen, nitrite, nitrofen, nitrophenolate sodium (Mixture of isomers), nitrofluorfen, nonanoic acid, norflurazon, orbencarb, orthosulfamur on, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paclobutrazole, paraquat, paraquat-dichloride, pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), pendimethalin, pendralin, penoxsulam, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, perfluidone, pethoxamide, phenisopham, phenmedipham, phenmediphamethyl, picloram , Picolinafen, Pinoxaden, Piperophos, Pirifenop, Pirifenopbutyl, Pretilachlor, Primisulfuron, Primisulfuron-methyl, Probenazole, Profluazol, Procyazine, Prodiamine, Prifluraline, Profoxydim, Prohexadione, Prohexadione-calcium, Prohydrojasmone, Prometon, Prometryn, Propachlor, Propanil, Propaquizafop , Propazine, Propam, Propisochlor, Propoxycarbazone, Propoxycarbazone Sodium, Propyzamide, Prosulfine, Prosulfocarb, Prosulfuron, Prynachlor, Pyraclonil, Pyraflufen, Pyraflufenethyl, Pyrasulfotole, Pyrazolynate (Pyrazolate), Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, Pyrazoxyfen, Pyribambenz, Pyribambenz-isopropyl, Pyribenzoxime, Pyributicarb, Pyridafol, Pyridate, Pyridalid, Pyrimiflobac, Pyriminobac-methyl, Pyrimi sulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfones, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimsulfuron, secbumetone, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, Simetryn, SN-106279, Sulcotrione, Sulphates (CDEC), Sulfentrazone, Sulfometuron, Sulfometuron-methyl, Sulfosate (Glyphosate-trimesium), Sulfosulfuron, SYN-523, SYP-249, SYP-298, SYP-300, Tebutam, Tebuthiuron, Tecnazenes, tefuryltriones, tembotriones, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbumetone, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, TH-547, thenylchloro, thiafluamides, thiazafluron, thiazopyr, thidiazimine, thidiazuron, thiencarbazones, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, Tiocarbazil, Topramezone, Tralkoxydim, Triallate, Triasulfuron, Triaziflam, Triazofenamide, Tribenuron, Tribenuron-methyl, Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA), Triclopyr, Tridiphane, Trietazine, Trifloxysulfuron, Trifloxysulfuric Sodium, Trifluralin , Triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, trimeturon, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl, tritosulfuron, Tsitodef, Uniconazole, Uniconazole-P, Vernolate, ZJ-0166, ZJ-0270, ZJ-0543, or ZJ-0862 and the. following connections
Verbindungen sind entweder mit dem ”common name” nach der International Organization for Standardization (ISO) oder mit ihrem chemischen Namen oder Codenummer bezeichnet und umfassen stets sämtliche Anwendungsformen wie Säuren, Salze, Ester oder Modifikationen, wie Isomere, Stereoisomere und optische Isomere. Beispielhaft sind eine oder auch mehrere Anwendungsformen oder Modifikationen genannt.links are either with the "common name" after the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or with its chemical Name or code number and always include all Application forms such as acids, salts, esters or modifications, such as isomers, stereoisomers and optical isomers. Exemplary one or more applications or modifications called.
Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung kann für die Bekämpfung der folgenden phytopathogenen Pilze eingesetzt werden, um das Produktionspotential zu verbessern.The Treatment according to the invention may be for used to combat the following phytopathogenic fungi to improve production potential.
Beispielhaft,
aber nicht begrenzend, seien einige Erreger von pilzlichen Erkrankungen,
die erfindungsgemäß behandelt werden können,
genannt:
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Erreger des Echten
Mehltaus wie z. B. Blumeria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Blumeria graminis;
Podosphaera-Arten, wie beispielsweise Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Uncinula necator;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch Erreger
von Rostkrankheiten wie z. B. Gymnosporangium-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Hemileia
vastatrix; Phakopsora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phakopsora pachyrhizi
und Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Puccinia
recondita oder Puccinia triticina; Uromyces-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Uromyces appendiculatus;
Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch
Erreger der Gruppe der Oomyceten wie z. B. Bremia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Bremia lactucae; Peronospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Peronospora
pisi oder P. brassicae; Phytophthora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phytophthora
infestans; Plasmopara-Arten, wie beispielsweise Plasmopara viticola;
Pseudoperonospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pseudoperonospora humuli
oder Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Pythium ultimum;
Blattfleckenkrankheiten und Blattwelken, hervorgerufen
durch z. B. Alternaria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Alternaria solani;
Cercospora-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporum-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Cladiosporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Cochliobolus sativus (Konidienform: Drechslera,
Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Colletotrichum lindemuthanium; Cycloconium-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe-Arten, wie beispielsweise Diaporthe
citri; Elsinoe-Arten, wie beispielsweise Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Guignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Leptosphaeria
maculans; Magnaporthe-Arten, wie beispielsweise Magnaporthe grisea;
Microdochium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Microdochium nivale; Mycosphaerella-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Mycosphaerella graminicola und M. fijiensis;
Phaeosphaeria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Pyrenophora teres; Ramularia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Ramularia collo-cygni; Rhynchosporium-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Septoria
apii; Typhula-Arten, wie beispielsweise Typhula incarnata; Venturia-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Venturia inaequalis; Wurzel- und Stängelkrankheiten
hervorgerufen durch z. B. Corticium Arten, wie beispielsweise Corticium
graminearum; Fusarium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Fusarium oxysporum;
Gaeumannomyces-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Gaeumannomyces graminis; Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Rhizoctonia solani; Tapesia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis-Arten, wie beispielsweise Thielaviopsis
basicola;
Ähren- und Rispenerkrankungen (inklusive
Maiskolben), hervorgerufen durch z. B. Alternaria-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Alternaria spp.; Aspergillus-Arten, wie beispielsweise Aspergillus
flavus; Cladosporium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Cladosporium cladosporioides;
Claviceps-Arten, wie beispielsweise Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Gibberella zeae; Monographella-Arten, wie beispielsweise Monographella
nivalis; Septoria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Septoria nodorum;
Erkrankungen,
hervorgerufen durch Brandpilze wie z. B. Sphacelotheca-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Tilletia caries, T. controversa; Urocystis-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Urocystis occulta; Ustilago-Arten, wie beispielsweise Ustilago nuda,
U. nuda tritici;
Fruchtfäule hervorgerufen durch z.
B. Aspergillus-Arten, wie beispielsweise Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Penicillium expansum und P. purpurogenum; Sclerotinia-Arten, wie
beispielsweise Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;
Verticilium-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Verticilium alboatrum;
Samen- und bodenbärtige
Faulen und Welken, sowie Sämlingserkrankungen, hervorgerufen
durch z. B. Fusarium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Fusarium culmorum;
Phytophthora Arten, wie beispielsweise Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Sclerotium
rolfsii;
Krebserkrankungen, Gallen und Hexenbesen, hervorgerufen
durch z. B. Nectria-Arten, wie beispielsweise Nectria galligena;
Welkeerkrankungenhervorgerufen
durch z. B. Monilinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Monilinia laxa;
Deformationen von Blättern, Blüten und Früchten,
hervorgerufen durch z. B. Taphrina-Arten, wie beispielsweise Taphrina deformans;
Degenerationserkrankungen
holziger Pflanzen, hervorgerufen durch z. B. Esca-Arten, wie beispielsweise Phaemoniella
clamydospora und Phaeoacremonium aleophilum und Fomitiporia mediterranea;
Blüten-
und Samenerkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch z. B. Botrytis-Arten,
wie beispielsweise Botrytis cinerea;
Erkrankungen von Pflanzenknollen,
hervorgerufen durch z. B. Rhizoctonia-Arten, wie beispielsweise
Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporium-Arten, wie beispielsweise Helminthosporium
solani; Erkrankungen, hervorgerufen durch bakterielle Erreger wie
z. B. Xanthomonas-Arten, wie beispielsweise Xanthomonas campestris
pv. oryzae; Pseudomonas-Arten, wie beispielsweise Pseudomonas syringae
pv. lachrymans; Erwinia-Arten, wie beispielsweise Erwinia amylovora;
Bevorzugt
können die folgenden Krankheiten von Soja-Bohnen bekämpft
werden:
Pilzkrankheiten an Blättern, Stängeln,
Schoten und Samen verursacht durch z. B. Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria
spec. atrans tenuissima), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides
dematium var. truncatum), Brown spot (Septoria glycines), Cercospora
leaf spot and blight (Cercospora kikuchii), Choanephora leaf blight
(Choanephora infundibulifera trispora (Syn.)), Dactuliophora leaf
spot (Dactuliophora glycines), Downy Mildew (Peronospora manshurica),
Drechslera blight (Drechslera glycini), Frogeye Leaf spot (Cercospora
sojina), Leptosphaerulina Leaf Spot (Leptosphaerulina trifolii),
Phyllostica Leaf Spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), Pod and Stem Blight
(Phomopsis sojae), Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), Pyrenochaeta
Leaf Spot (Pyrenochaeta glycines), Rhizoctonia Aerial, Foliage,
and Web Blight (Rhizoctonia solani), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi,
Phakopsora meibomiae), Scab (Sphaceloma glycines), Stemphylium Leaf
Blight (Stemphylium botryosum), Target Spot (Corynespora cassiicola).By way of example, but not by way of limitation, some pathogens of fungal diseases which can be treated according to the invention are named:
Diseases caused by pathogens of powdery mildew such. B. Blumeria species, such as Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species, such as Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca species, such as Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula species, such as Uncinula necator;
Diseases caused by pathogens of rust diseases such. B. Gymnosporangium species, such as Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia species, such as Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species such as Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species, such as Puccinia recondita or Puccinia triticina; Uromyces species, such as Uromyces appendiculatus;
Diseases caused by pathogens of the group of Oomycetes such. B. Bremia species such as Bremia lactucae; Peronospora species such as Peronospora pisi or P. brassicae; Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species, such as Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora species, such as, for example, Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum;
Leaf spot diseases and leaf withering, caused by e.g. Alternaria species, such as Alternaria solani; Cercospora species, such as Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporum species, such as Cladiosporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus species, such as Cochliobolus sativus (conidia form: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotrichum species, such as Colletotrichum lindemuthanium; Cycloconium species such as cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, such as Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe species, such as Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium species, such as, for example, Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella species, such as Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia species, such as Guignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria species, such as Leptosphaeria maculans; Magnaporthe species, such as Magnaporthe grisea; Microdochium species, such as Micro nuns nivale; Mycosphaerella species, such as Mycosphaerella graminicola and M. fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, such as Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora species, such as, for example, Pyrenophora teres; Ramularia species, such as Ramularia collo-cygni; Rhynchosporium species, such as Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, such as Septoria apii; Typhula species, such as Typhula incarnata; Venturia species, such as Venturia inaequalis; Root and stem diseases caused by z. Corticium species such as Corticium graminearum; Fusarium species such as Fusarium oxysporum;
Gaeumannomyces species such as Gaeumannomyces graminis; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Tapesia species, such as Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis species, such as Thielaviopsis basicola;
Ear and panicle diseases (including corncob), caused by z. Alternaria species such as Alternaria spp .; Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, such as Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, such as Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, such as Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, such as Monographella nivalis; Septoria species such as Septoria nodorum;
Diseases caused by fire fungi such. Sphacelotheca species, such as Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia species such as Tilletia caries, T. controversa; Urocystis species, such as Urocystis occulta; Ustilago species such as Ustilago nuda, U. nuda tritici;
Fruit rot caused by z. Aspergillus species, such as Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium species such as Penicillium expansum and P. purpurogenum; Sclerotinia species, such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;
Verticilium species such as Verticilium alboatrum;
Seedling and bottom-bearded fouling and wilting, as well as seedling diseases, caused by z. Fusarium species such as Fusarium culmorum; Phytophthora species, such as Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium species such as Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium species, such as Sclerotium rolfsii;
Cancers, galls and witches brooms, caused by z. Nectria species, such as Nectria galligena;
Wilt diseases caused by e.g. Monilinia species such as Monilinia laxa; Deformations of leaves, flowers and fruits, caused by z. B. Taphrina species, such as Taphrina deformans;
Degenerative diseases woody plants, caused by z. B. Esca species such as Phaemoniella clamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Fomitiporia mediterranea;
Flower and seed diseases, caused by z. B. Botrytis species, such as Botrytis cinerea;
Diseases of plant tubers caused by e.g. Rhizoctonia species, such as Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporium species, such as Helminthosporium solani; Diseases caused by bacterial pathogens such. Xanthomonas species, such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. Oryzae; Pseudomonas species, such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. Lachrymans; Erwinia species, such as Erwinia amylovora;
Preferably, the following diseases of soybean beans can be controlled:
Fungal diseases on leaves, stems, pods and seeds caused by z. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. Truncatum), Brown spot (Septoria glycines), Cercospora leaf spot and blight (Cercospora kikuchii), Choanephora leaf blight (Choanephora infundibulifera trispora (Syn. ), Dactuliophora leaf spot (Dactuliophora glycines), Downy Mildew (Peronospora manshurica), Drechslera blight (Drechslera glycini), Frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), Leptosphaerulina leaf spot (Leptosphaerulina trifolii), Phyllostica leaf spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), Pod Powdery Mildew (Microsphaera diffusa), Pyrenochaeta Leaf Spot (Pyrenochaeta glycines), Rhizoctonia Aerial, Foliage, and Web Blight (Rhizoctonia solani), Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae), Scab (Sphaceloma glycines) and Stem Blight (Phomopsis sojae). , Stemphylium Leaf Blight (Stemphylium botryosum), Target Spot (Corynespora cassiicola).
Pilzkrankheiten an Wurzeln und der Stängelbasis verursacht durch z. B. Black Root Rot (Calonectria crotalariae), Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), Fusarium Blight or Wilt, Root Rot, and Pod and Collar Rot (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti), Mycoleptodiscus Root Rot (Mycoleptodiscus terrestris), Neocosmospora (Neocosmopspora vasinfecta), Pod and Stem Blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum), Stem Canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora), Phytophthora Rot (Phytophthora megasperma), Brown Stem Rot (Phialophora gregata), Pythium Rot (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), Rhizoctonia Root Rot, Stem Decay, and Damping-Off (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia Stem Decay (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia Southern Blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielaviopsis Root Rot (Thielaviopsis basicola).Fungal diseases on roots and the stem base caused by z. B. Black Root Red (Calonectria crotalariae), Charcoal Red (Macrophomina phaseolina), Fusarium Blight or Wilt, Root Red, and Pod and Collar Red (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti), Mycoleptodiscus Root Red (Mycoleptodiscus terrestris ), Neocosmospora (Neocosmopspora vasinfecta), Pod and Stem Blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum), Stem Canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. Caulivora), Phytophthora red (Phytophthora megasperma), Brown Stem Red (Phialophora gregata), Pythium red (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare , Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), Rhizoctonia Root Red, Stem Decay, and Damping Off (Rhizoctonia solani), Sclerotinia Stem Decay (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Sclerotinia Southern Blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), Thielaviopsis Root Red (Thielaviopsis basicola).
Als Mikroorganismen, die einen Abbau oder eine Veränderung der technischen Materialien bewirken können, seien beispielsweise Bakterien, Pilze, Hefen, Algen und Schleimorganismen genannt. Vorzugsweise wirken die erfindungsgemäßen Wirkstoffe gegen Pilze, insbesondere Schimmelpilze, Holz verfärbende und Holz zerstörende Pilze (Basidiomyceten) sowie gegen Schleimorganismen und Algen. Es seien beispielsweise Mikroorganismen der folgenden Gattungen genannt: Alternaria, wie Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus, wie Aspergillus niger; Chaetomium, wie Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, wie Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, wie Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillium, wie Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, wie Polyporus versicolor; Aureobasidium, wie Aureobasidium pullulans; Sclerophoma, wie Sclerophoma pityophila; Trichoderma, wie Trichoderma viride; Escherichia, wie Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas, wie Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus, wie Staphylococcus aureus.When Microorganisms that cause a breakdown or a change can cause the technical materials are, for example Bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and mucus organisms called. Preferably act the active compounds according to the invention against fungi, especially molds, wood discoloring and wood destroying Fungi (Basidiomycetes) as well as against slime organisms and algae. They are, for example, microorganisms of the following genera called: Alternaria, such as Alternaria tenuis; Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus Niger; Chaetomium, like Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, like Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, like Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillium, like Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor; Aureobasidium, like Aureobasidium pullulans; Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophila; Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma viride; Escherichia, like Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus, like Staphylococcus aureus.
Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung kann für die Bekämpfung der folgenden tierischen Schädlinge eingesetzt werden, um das Produktionspotential zu verbessernThe Treatment according to the invention may be for the control of the following animal pests used to improve production potential
Aus der Ordnung der Anoplura (Phthiraptera), z. B. Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Trichodectes spp.Out the order of the Anoplura (Phthiraptera), z. B. Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Trichodectes spp.
Aus der Klasse der Arachnida, z. B. Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp., Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus mactans, Metatetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus spp., Vasates lycopersici.Out the class of the Arachnida, z. Acarus siro, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eotetranychus spp., Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus mactans, Metatetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Ornithodoros spp., Panonychus spp., Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus, Stenotarsonemus spp., Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus spp., Vasates lycopersici.
Aus der Klasse der Bivalva, z. B. Dreissenaspp.Out the class of the bivalva, z. B. Dreissenaspp.
Aus der Ordnung Chilopoda, z. B. Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp.Out of the order Chilopoda, z. Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Coleoptera, z. B. Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agriotes spp., Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., Anthonomus spp., Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria spp., Attagenus spp., Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp., Ceuthorhynchus spp., Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Curculio spp., Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp., Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sternechus spp., Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium spp., Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp.Out the order of Coleoptera, z. Acanthoscelides obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, Agriotes spp., Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., Anthonomus spp., Anthrenus spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria spp., Attagenus spp., Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp., Ceuthorhynchus spp., Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Curculio spp., Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., Epilachna spp., Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna consanguinea, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp., Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus Spp., Sphenophorus spp., Starchus spp., Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tribolium spp., Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Collembola, z. B. Onychiurus armatus.Out the order of Collembola, z. B. Onychiurus armatus.
Aus der Ordnung der the Dermaptera, z. B. Forficula auricularia.Out the order of the Dermaptera, z. B. Forficula auricularia.
Aus der Ordnung der Diplopoda, z. B. Blaniulus guttulatus.Out the order of Diplopoda, z. B. Blaniulus guttulatus.
Aus der Ordnung der Diptera, z. B. Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp., Cochliomyia spp., Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hylemyia spp., Hyppobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Musca spp., Nezara spp., Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Tipula paludosa, Wohlfahrtia spp.Out the order of the Diptera, z. B. Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp., Cochliomyia spp., Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culex spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hylemyia spp., Hyppobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp., Lucilia spp., Musca spp., Nezara spp., Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit, Pegomyia hyoscyami, Phorbia spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Tipula paludosa, Wohlfahrtia spp.
Aus der Klasse der Gastropoda, z. B. Arion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Succinea spp.Out the class of Gastropoda, z. B. Arion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Succinea spp.
Aus der Klasse der Helminthen, z. B. Ancylostoma duodenale, Andylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp, Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp., Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomen spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.Out the class of helminths, z. B. Ancylostoma duodenale, Andylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp, Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp., Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomes spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides stercoralis, Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.
Weiterhin können Protozoen wie Eimeria bekämpft werden.Farther Protozoans such as Eimeria can be fought.
Aus der Ordnung der Heteroptera, z. B. Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Cimex spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus spp., Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara spp., Oebalus spp., Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma spp.Out the order of Heteroptera, z. Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Cimex spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris Hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus spp., Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Nezara spp., Oebalus spp., Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Homoptera, z. B. Acyrthosipon spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp.., Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Carneocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus spp., Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Doralis spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma spp., Erythroneura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp., Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis, pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., Typhiocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii.Out the order of Homoptera, z. Acyrthosipon spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurodes spp., Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia spp., Brachycaudus helichrysii, Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Carneocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Cryptomyzus ribis, Dalbulus spp., Dialeurodes spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Doralis spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma spp., Erythroneura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Geococcus coffeae, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp., Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp., Mahanarva fimbriolata, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis, pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festina, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., Typhiocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii.
Aus der Ordnung der Hymenoptera, z. B. Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.Out the order of Hymenoptera, z. B. Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Isopoda, z. B. Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.Out the order of Isopoda, z. B. Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber.
Aus der Ordnung der Isoptera, z. B. Reticulitermes spp., Odontotermes spp.Out the order of Isoptera, z. Reticulitermes spp., Odontotermes spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Lepidoptera, z. B. Acronicta major, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia spp., Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bugalus piniarius, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp., Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Earias insulana, Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Gallerin mellonella, Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima, Hyponomeuta padella, Laphygma spp., Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata, Oria, spp., Oulema oryzae, Panolis flammen, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prodenia spp., Pseudaletia spp., Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera spp., Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia spp. Aus der Ordnung der Orthoptera, z. B. Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Melanoplus spp., Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca gregaria.Out the order of Lepidoptera, z. Acronicta major, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia spp., Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bugalus piniarius, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp. Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Earias insulana, Ephestia kuehniella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Gallinella mellonella, Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homona magnanima, Hyponomeuta padella, Laphygma spp., Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata, Oria, spp., Oulema oryzae, Panolis flames, Pectinophora gossypiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prodenia spp., Pseudaletia spp., Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Spodoptera spp., Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia spp. From the order of Orthoptera, z. B. Acheta domesticus, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta spp., Melanoplus spp., Periplaneta americana, schistocerca gregaria.
Aus der Ordnung der Siphonaptera, z. B. Ceratophyllus spp., Xenopsylla cheopis.Out the order of Siphonaptera, z. Ceratophyllus spp., Xenopsylla cheopis.
Aus der Ordnung der Symphyla, z. B. Scutigerella immaculata.Out the order of the Symphyla, z. B. Scutigerella immaculata.
Aus der Ordnung der Thysanoptera, z. B. Baliothrips biformis, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamoni, Thrips spp.Out the order of Thysanoptera, z. B. Baliothrips biformis, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamoni, Thrips spp.
Aus der Ordnung der Thysanura, z. B. Lepisma saccharina.Out the order of Thysanura, z. B. Lepisma saccharina.
Zu den pflanzenparasitären Nematoden zählen z. B. Anguina spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Belonoaimus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp., Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heliocotylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus spp., Trichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema spp.To the plant parasitic nematodes include, for. B. Anguina spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Belonoaimus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp., Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera spp., Heliocotylenchus spp., Heterodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Rotylenchus spp., Trichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema spp.
Vorzugsweise wird eine Trifloxystrobin enthaltende Zusammensetzung, die zusätzlich noch einen landwirtschaftlich annehmbaren Träger, Hilfsmittel und/oder Füllstoff umfasst, verwendet.Preferably is a Trifloxystrobin containing composition, in addition still an agriculturally acceptable vehicle, resource and / or filler used.
Erfindungsgemäß bedeutet der Ausdruck „Träger” oder „Trägerstoff” eine natürliche oder synthetische, organische oder anorganische Verbindung, mit der Trifloxystrobin kombiniert oder zusammengegeben wird, um dessen Ausbringung, insbesondere auf die Pflanzenteile, einfacher zu gestalten. Dieser Träger ist daher im Allgemeinen inert und sollte landwirtschaftlich annehmbar sein. Bei dem Träger kann es sich um einen Feststoff oder eine Flüssigkeit handeln. Zu Beispielen für geeignete Träger zählen Tone, natürlich oder synthetische Silikate, Siliziumdioxid, Harze, Wachse, feste Dünger, Wasser, Alkohole, insbesondere Butanol, organische Lösungsmittel, mineralische und pflanzliche Öle und deren Derivate. Es können auch Mischungen dieser Träger verwendet werden.According to the invention the term "carrier" or "carrier" means one natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic Compound with which trifloxystrobin is combined or combined in order to ensure its application, in particular to plant parts, easier to design. This carrier is therefore generally inert and should be agriculturally acceptable. At the carrier it can be a solid or a liquid. Examples of suitable carriers include Clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silicon dioxide, Resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, in particular Butanol, organic solvents, mineral and vegetable oils and their derivatives. It is also possible to use mixtures of these carriers be used.
Die Zusammensetzung zur erfindungsgemäßen Behandlung kann noch weitere Komponenten umfassen. Insbesondere kann die Zusammensetzung weiterhin ein Tensid umfassen. Bei dem Tensid kann es sich um einen Emulgator, ein Dispergiermittel oder ein ionogenes oder nicht-ionogenes Netzmittel oder um eine Mischung von solchen Tensiden handeln. Zu erwähnen wären z. B. Polyacrylsäuresalze, Lignosulfonsäuresalze, Phenolsulfon- oder Naphthalinesulfonsäuresalze, Polykondensate von Ethylenoxid mit Fettalkoholen oder mit Fettsäuren oder mit Fettaminen, substituierte Phenole (insbesondere Alkylphenole oder Arylphenole), Salze von Sulphobernsteinsäureestern, Taurin-Derivative (insbesondere Alkyltaurate), Phosphorsäureester von polyoxyethylierten Alkoholen oder Phenolen, Fettsäureester von Polyolen, sowie Derivate der vorliegenden Verbindungen mit Sulfat, Sulfonat- und Phosphatfunktionen. Das Vorhandensein von mindestens einem Tensid ist im Allgemeinen dann notwendig, wenn der Wirkstoff und/oder der inerte Träger wasserunlöslich sind und wenn es sich bei dem Vehicle für die Ausbringung um Wasser handelt. Vorzugsweise kann der Tensidgehalt von 5 bis 40 Gewichtsprozent der Zusammensetzung umfassen.The Composition for the treatment according to the invention may include other components. In particular, the composition further comprising a surfactant. The surfactant may be a Emulsifier, a dispersant or an ionic or nonionic Wetting agent or a mixture of such surfactants. To would mention z. B. polyacrylic acid salts, Lignosulfonic acid salts, phenolsulfone or naphthalenesulfonic acid salts, Polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (especially alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulphosuccinic acid esters, Taurine derivatives (especially alkyl taurates), phosphoric acid esters of polyoxyethylated alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols, as well as derivatives of the present compounds with sulfate, Sulfonate and phosphate functions. The presence of at least A surfactant is generally necessary if the active ingredient and / or the inert carrier is water-insoluble and if the vehicle is for application Water acts. Preferably, the surfactant content of 5 to 40 Weight percent of the composition.
Es können Farbstoffe wie anorganische Pigmente, z. B. Eisenoxid, Titanoxid, Ferrocyanblau, sowie organische Farbstoffe wie Alizarin-, Azo- und Metallophthalocyanin-Farbstoffe sowie Spurenelemente wie Eisen-, Mangan-, Bor-, Kupfer-, Kobalt-, Molybdän- und Zinksalze verwendet werden.It For example, dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, Titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue, as well as organic dyes such as alizarin, Azo and metallophthalocyanine dyes and trace elements such as Iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and Zinc salts are used.
Gegebenenfalls können noch weitere Bestandteile mit verwendet werden, z. B. Schutzkolloide, Haftmittel, Verdickungsmittel, Thixotropierungsmittel, Penetrationsförderer, Stabilisatoren, Sequestriermittel. Allgemeiner Ausgedrückt können die Wirkstoffe mit beliebigen festen oder flüssigen Zusatzstoffen, die den üblichen Formulierungstechniken entsprechen, kombiniert werden.Possibly can be used with other ingredients, z. B. protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, Penetration promoters, stabilizers, sequestering agents. More generally, the active ingredients with any solid or liquid additives that the usual formulation techniques, combined become.
Im Allgemeinen kann die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung 0,05 bis 99 Gewichtsprozent Wirkstoffe, vorzugsweise 10 bis 70 Gewichtsprozent enthalten.in the In general, the composition of the invention 0.05 to 99% by weight of active ingredients, preferably 10 to 70% by weight contain.
Die Wirkstoffkombination und/oder Zusammensetzung zur erfindungsgemäßen Behandlung kann als solche, in Form ihrer Formulierungen oder in Form der damit hergestellten Anwendungsformen verwendet werden, wie als Aerosol-Dispenser, Kapselsuspension, Kaltvernebelungskonzentrat, Stäubemittel, emulgierbares Konzentrat, Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion, Wasser-in-Öl-Emulsion, Kapselgranulat, Feingranulat, Suspensionsbeize, Gas (in Druckpackung), gaserzeugendes Produkt, Granulat, Heißvernebelungsmittel, Makrogranulat, Mikrogranulat, öldispergierbares Pulver, ölmischbares Mehrphasenkonzentrat, ölmischbare Lösung, Paste, Pflanzenstäbchen, Trockenbeize, pilliertes Saatgut, wasserlösliches Konzentrat, wasserlösliches Pulver, Feuchtbeize, Suspensionskonzentrat (fließfähiges Konzentrat), ULV-Lösung, ULV-Suspension, wasserdispergierbares Granulat bzw. wasserdispergierbare Tabletten, Schlämmbeize, wasserlösliches Granulat bzw. wasserlösliche Tabletten, Nassbeize und Spritzpulver.The active ingredient combination and / or composition for the treatment according to the invention can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or in the form of application forms prepared therewith, such as aerosol dispenser, capsule suspension, cold fogging concentrate, dusting agent, emulsifiable concentrate, oil-in-water emulsion, Water-in-oil emulsion, capsule granules, fine granules, suspension pickling, gas (in pressurized pack), gas generating product, granules, hot misting agent, macrogranulate, microgranules, oil dispersible powder, oil miscible multiphase concentrate, oil miscible solution, paste, plant sticks, dry dressing, pilled seed, water soluble Concentrate, water-soluble powder, wet pickle, suspension concentrate (flowable concentrate), ULV solution, ULV suspension, water-dispersed gable granules or water-dispersible tablets, slurry pickling, water-soluble granules or water-soluble tablets, wet pickling and spray powder.
Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung von transgenen Pflanzen und Pflanzenteilen mit einer Zusammensetzung enthaltend Trifloxystrobin erfolgt direkt oder durch Einwirken auf ihre Umwelt, ihren Lebensraum oder ihre Lager unter Einsatz der üblichen Behandlungsmethoden, z. B. durch Gießen (Drenching), Tröpfchenbewässerung, Spritzen, Sprühen, Streuen, Stäuben, Schäumen, Auftragen sowie als Trockenbeize, Feuchtbeize, Nassbeize, Schlammbeize oder durch Inkrustieren.The Treatment according to the invention of transgenic plants and plant parts having a composition containing trifloxystrobin takes place directly or by acting on their environment, their habitat or their bearings using the usual treatment methods, z. B. by pouring (drenching), drip irrigation, Spraying, spraying, spreading, dusts, foaming, Apply as well as dry pickle, damp pickle, wet pickle, mud pickle or by encrusting.
Die Wirkstoffkombination und/oder Zusammensetzung zur erfindungsgemäßen Behandlung beinhalten nicht nur Zusammensetzungen, die bereit sind, um auf die zu behandelnde Pflanze bzw. das zu behandelnde Saatgut mittels eines geeigneten Geräts, wie ein Spritzgerät oder Stäubegerät, aufgetragen zu werden, sondern auch konzentrierte im Handel erhältliche Zusammensetzungen, die vor Ausbringung auf die Kulturpflanze verdünnt werden müssen.The Active ingredient combination and / or composition for the invention Treatment does not just include compositions that are ready to the plant to be treated or the seed to be treated by means of a suitable device, such as a sprayer or dusting machine, but to be applied also concentrated commercial compositions, which are diluted before application to the crop have to.
Trifloxystrobin allein oder in Mischungen mit anderen Wirkstoffen kann in die üblichen Formulierungen überführt werden, wie Lösungen, Emulsionen, Spritzpulver, Wasser- und ölbasierte Suspensionen, Pulver, Stäubemittel, Pasten, lösliche Pulver, lösliche Granulate, Streugranulate, Suspensions-Emulsions-Konzentrate, Wirkstoff-imprägnierte Naturstoffe, Wirkstoff-imprägnierte synthetische Stoffe, Düngemittel sowie Feinstverkapselungen in polymeren Stoffen.trifloxystrobin alone or in mixtures with other active ingredients may be in the usual Formulations, such as solutions, Emulsions, wettable powders, water and oil based suspensions, Powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, granulated granules, suspension emulsion concentrates, Active substance-impregnated natural substances, drug-impregnated Synthetic substances, fertilizers and Feinstverkapselungen in polymeric materials.
Diese Formulierungen werden in bekannter Weise hergestellt, z. B. durch Vermischen der Wirkstoffe mit Streckmitteln, also flüssigen Lösungsmitteln und/oder festen Trägerstoffen, gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung von oberflächenaktiven Mitteln, also Emulgiermitteln und/oder Dispergiermitteln und/oder Schaumbildnern. Die Herstellung der Formulierungen erfolgt entweder in geeigneten Anlagen oder auch vor oder während der Anwendung.These Formulations are prepared in a known manner, for. B. by Mixing the active ingredients with extenders, ie liquid Solvents and / or solid carriers, optionally using surface-active Agents, ie emulsifiers and / or dispersants and / or Foaming agents. The formulations are either prepared in suitable equipment or before or during use.
Als Hilfsstoffe können solche Stoffe Verwendung finden, die geeignet sind, dem Mittel selbst oder und/oder davon abgeleitete Zubereitungen (z. B. Spritzbrühen, Saatgutbeizen) besondere Eigenschaften zu verleihen, wie bestimmte technische Eigenschaften und/oder auch besondere biologische Eigenschaften. Als typische Hilfsmittel kommen in Frage: Streckmittel, Lösungsmittel und Trägerstoffe.When Excipients may find use in such substances are suitable, the agent itself or and / or derived therefrom Preparations (eg spray mixtures, seed dressing) special To give properties, such as certain technical properties and / or special biological properties. As typical Auxiliary agents are: extenders, solvents and carriers.
Als Streckmittel eignen sich z. B. Wasser, polare und unpolare organische chemische Flüssigkeiten z. B. aus den Klassen der aromatischen und nicht-aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe (wie Paraffine, Alkylbenzole, Alkylnaphthaline, Chlorbenzole), der Alkohole und Polyole (die ggf. auch substituiert, verethert und/oder verestert sein können), der Ketone (wie Aceton, Cyclohexanon), Ester (auch Fette und Öle) und (poly-)Ether, der einfachen und substituierten Amine, Amide, Lactame (wie N-Alkylpyrrolidone) und Lactone, der Sulfone und Sulfoxide (wie Dimethylsulfoxid).When Extenders are suitable for. As water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids z. B. from the classes of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, Alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), alcohols and polyols (which may be also substituted, etherified and / or esterified), ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly) ethers, the simple and substituted amines, amides, Lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, the sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide).
Im Falle der Benutzung von Wasser als Streckmittel können z. B. auch organische Lösungsmittel als Hilfslösungsmittel verwendet werden. Als flüssige Lösungsmittel kommen im Wesentlichen in Frage: Aromaten, wie Xylol, Toluol, oder Alkylnaphthaline, chlorierte Aromaten und chlorierte aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Chlorbenzole, Chlorethylene oder Methylenchlorid, aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Cyclohexan oder Paraffine, z. B. Erdölfraktionen, mineralische und pflanzliche Öle, Alkohole, wie Butanol oder Glykol sowie deren Ether und Ester, Ketone wie Aceton, Methylethylketon, Methylisobutylketon oder Cyclohexanon, stark polare Lösungsmittel, wie Dimethylsulfoxid, sowie Wasser.in the Case of using water as an extender can z. As well as organic solvents as auxiliary solvent be used. Come as a liquid solvent essentially in question: aromatics, such as xylene, toluene, or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic Hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for. B. petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylsulfoxide, as well as water.
Als feste oder flüssige Trägerstoffe kommen insbesondere in Frage: z. B. Ammoniumsalze und natürliche Gesteinsmehle, wie Kaoline, Tonerden, Talkum, Kreide, Quarz, Attapulgit, Montmorillonit oder Diatomeenerde und synthetische Gesteinsmehle, wie feinteilige Kieselsäure, Aluminiumoxid und Silikate, als feste Trägerstoffe für Granulate kommen in Frage: z. B. gebrochene und fraktionierte natürliche Gesteine wie Calcit, Marmor, Bims, Sepiolith, Dolomit sowie synthetische Granulate aus anorganischen und organischen Mehlen sowie Granulate aus organischem Material wie Papier, Sägemehl, Kokosnussschalen, Maiskolben und Tabakstängeln; als Emulgiermittel und/oder Schaumbildner kommen in Frage: z. B. nichtionogene und anionische Emulgatoren, wie Polyoxyethylen-Fettsäure-Ester, Polyoxyethylen-Fettalkohol-Ether, z. B. Alkylaryl-polyglykolether, Alkylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Arylsulfonate sowie Eiweißhydrolysate; als Dispergiermittel kommen in Frage nicht-ionische und/oder ionische Stoffe, z. B. aus den Klassen der Alkohol-POE- und/oder -POP-Ether, Säure- und/oder POP-POE-Ester, Alkylaryl- und/oder POP-POE-Ether, Fett- und/oder POP-POE-Addukte, POE- und/oder POP-Polyolderivate, POE- und/oder POP-Sorbitan- oder Zucker-Addukte, Alky- oder Arylsulfate, Alkyl- oder Arylsulfonate und Alkyl- oder Arylphosphate oder die entsprechenden PO-Ether-Addukte. Ferner geeignete Oligo- oder Polymere, z. B. ausgehend von vinylischen Monomeren, von Acrylsäure, aus EO und/oder PO allein oder in Verbindung mit z. B. (Poly)alkoholen oder (Poly)aminen. Ferner können Einsatz finden Lignin und seine Sulfonsäurederivate, einfache und modifizierte Cellulosen, aromatische und/oder aliphatische Sulfonsäuren sowie deren Addukte mit Formaldehyd.As solid or liquid carriers are in particular: z. As ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth and synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates, as solid carriers for granules are: z. Crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stems; as emulsifiers and / or foaming agents in question: z. Nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, e.g. B. alkylaryl polyglycol ether, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, aryl sulfonates and protein hydrolysates; suitable dispersants are nonionic and / or ionic substances, eg. B. from the classes of alcohol POE and / or POP ethers, acid and / or POP-POE esters, alkylaryl and / or POP-POE ethers, fat and / or POP-POE adducts , POE and / or POP polyol derivatives, POE and / or POP sorbitol or sugar adducts, alkyl or aryl sulfates, alkyl or aryl sulfonates and alkyl or aryl phosphates or the corresponding PO ether adducts. Further ge suitable oligo- or polymers, for. B. starting from vinylic monomers, from acrylic acid, from EO and / or PO alone or in combination with z. As (poly) alcohols or (poly) amines. It is also possible to use lignin and its sulfonic acid derivatives, simple and modified celluloses, aromatic and / or aliphatic sulfonic acids and also adducts thereof with formaldehyde.
Es können in den Formulierungen Haftmittel wie Carboxymethylcellulose, natürliche und synthetische pulvrige, körnige oder latexförmige Polymere verwendet werden, wie Gummiarabicum, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylacetat, sowie natürliche Phospholipide, wie Kephaline und Lecithine und synthetische Phospholipide.It In the formulations, adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, grainy or latex-shaped polymers, such as gum arabic, Polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids.
Es können Farbstoffe wie anorganische Pigmente, z. B. Eisenoxid, Titanoxid, Ferrocyanblau und organische Farbstoffe, wie Alizarin-, Azo- und Metallphthalocyaninfarbstoffe und Spurennährstoffe wie Salze von Eisen, Mangan, Bor, Kupfer, Kobalt, Molybdän und Zink verwendet werden.It For example, dyes such as inorganic pigments, e.g. Iron oxide, Titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, Azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc are used.
Weitere Additive können Duftstoffe, mineralische oder vegetabile gegebenenfalls modifizierte Öle, Wachse und Nährstoffe (auch Spurennährstoffe), wie Salze von Eisen, Mangan, Bor, Kupfer, Kobalt, Molybdän und Zink sein.Further Additives can be fragrances, mineral or vegetable optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (also trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, Copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
Weiterhin enthalten sein können Stabilisatoren wie Kältestabilisatoren, Konservierungsmittel, Oxidationsschutzmittel, Lichtschutzmittel oder andere die chemische und/oder physikalische Stabilität verbessernde Mittel.Farther may contain stabilizers such as cold stabilizers, Preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or others the chemical and / or physical stability improving agents.
Die Formulierungen umfassen im Allgemeinen zwischen 0,01 und 98 Gewichtsprozent Wirkstoff, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 und 90 Gewichtsprozent.The Formulations generally comprise between 0.01 and 98 weight percent Active ingredient, preferably between 0.5 and 90 percent by weight.
Dem Fachmann wird natürlich klar sein, dass die Formulierung und Ausbringungsart eines Wirkstoffs die Wirksamkeit des Materials bei einer bestimmten Ausbringung beeinflussen kann. Für die Verwendung gegen landwirtschaftliche Schädlinge können die vorliegenden insektiziden Verbindungen daher als Granulat mit einer relativ großen Teilchengröße (z. B. 8/16 oder 4/8 US Mesh) als wasserlösliches oder wasserdispergierbares Granulat, als pulverförmige Stäubemittel, als Spritzpulver, als emulgierbare Konzentrate, als wässrige Emulsionen, als Lösungen oder als einer der anderen bekannten nützlichen Formulierungstypen formuliert werden, ganz nachdem, welche Ausbringungsart gewünscht wird. Es ist klar, dass die im vorliegenden Text angegebenen Mengen nur als ungefähre Angaben gelten, so als ob das Wort „ungefähr” vor den angegebenen Mengen stünde.the Specialist will of course be clear that the wording and mode of application of an active substance the effectiveness of the material at a certain output. For the use against agricultural pests can the present insecticidal compounds therefore as granules with a relatively large particle size (eg 8/16 or 4/8 US mesh) as water-soluble or water-dispersible Granules, as powdered dusts, as Wettable powders, as emulsifiable concentrates, as aqueous emulsions, as solutions or as one of the other known useful ones Formulation types, depending on which application type it is asked for. It is clear that those given in the present text Quantities are only approximate, as if that Word "about" before the given quantities would.
Diese Zusammensetzungen können entweder als wasserverdünnbare Sprays oder als Stäubemittel oder als Granulate auf die Flächen ausgebracht werden, auf denen Insekten eingedämmt werden sollen. Diese Formulierungen können von nur 0,1 Gew.-%, 0,2 Gew.-% oder 0,5 Gew.-% bis 95 Gew.-% oder mehr Wirkstoff enthalten.These Compositions can be either water-dilutable Sprays or as dusts or as granules on the Plots are spread on which insects are contained should be. These formulations can only be 0.1 Wt .-%, 0.2 wt .-% or 0.5 wt .-% to 95 wt .-% or more active ingredient.
Stäubemittel sind freifließende Mischungen des Wirkstoffs oder der Wirkstoffkombinationen mit feinteiligen Feststoffen wie Talk, natürlichen Tonen, Kieselgur, Mehlen wie Walnussschalen- und Baumwollsamenmehl sowie anderen organischen und anorganischen Feststoffen, die als Dispergiermittel und Träger für den Wirkstoff dienen; diese feinteiligen Feststoffe weisen eine durchschnittliche Teilchengröße von weniger als ungefähr 50 Mikrometer auf. Eine typische Stäubemittelformulierung, die sich im vorliegenden Zusammenhang eignet, enthält 0,1 Teil oder weniger an einer Zusammensetzung enthaltend Trifloxystrobin und 99,0 Teile Talk.dusts are free-flowing mixtures of the drug or drug combinations with finely divided solids such as talc, natural clays, Diatomaceous earth, flours such as walnut peel and cottonseed flour as well other organic and inorganic solids used as dispersants and carriers for the active ingredient; these finely divided Solids have an average particle size less than about 50 microns. A typical one Dust formulation, which is suitable in the present context, contains 0.1 part or less of a composition containing trifloxystrobin and 99.0 parts of talc.
Spritzpulver (WP), die ebenfalls nützliche Formulierungen darstellen, liegen in Form von feinteiligen Partikeln, die sich rasch in Wasser oder einem anderen Dispergiermittel dispergieren, vor. Das Spritzmittel wird schlussendlich auf den Ort, wo Insekten bekämpft werden sollen, entweder als trockener Staub oder als Emulsion in Wasser oder einer anderen Flüssigkeit ausgebracht. Typische Träger für Spritzpulver beinhalten Fuller-Erde, Kaolintone, Siliciumdioxide sowie sonstige stark absorbierende leicht zu benetzende anorganische Streckmittel. Spritzpulver werden normalerweise so hergestellt, dass sie ungefähr 5–80% Wirkstoff enthalten, je nach der Absorptionsfähigkeit des Trägers, und sie enthalten üblicherweise auch eine kleine Menge an Netzmittel, Dispergiermittel oder Emulgator, um das Dispergieren zu erleichtern. So enthält z. B. eine nützliche Spritzpulverformulierung 80,0 Teile der Zusammensetzung enthaltend Trifloxystrobin, 17,9 Teile Palmetto-Ton und 1,0 Teil Natriumlignosulfonat und 0,3 Teile sulfonierten aliphatischen Polyester als Netzmittel. Zusätzliche Netzmittel und/oder Öle werden häufig einer Tankmischung zugegeben, um das Dispergieren auf dem Blattwerk der Pflanze zu erleichtern.wettable powder (WP), which are also useful formulations, lie in the form of finely divided particles, which are rapidly in water or another dispersant. The spray Eventually, the place where insects are fought should, either as a dry dust or as an emulsion in water or another liquid. Typical carriers for wettable powders include fuller earth, kaolin clays, silicas and other highly absorbent, easily wettable inorganic extenders. Sprays are usually made to approx 5-80% active ingredient, depending on the absorption capacity of the carrier, and they usually also include a small amount of wetting agent, dispersing agent or emulsifier, to facilitate dispersion. So z. Legs useful spray powder formulation 80.0 parts of the composition containing trifloxystrobin, 17.9 parts palmetto clay and 1.0 part Sodium lignosulfonate and 0.3 parts sulfonated aliphatic polyester as wetting agent. Additional wetting agents and / or oils are often added to a tank mix to disperse to facilitate on the foliage of the plant.
Weitere nützliche Formulierungen sind emulgierbare Konzentrate (ECs), bei denen es sich um homogene flüssige Zusammensetzungen, die in Wasser oder einem anderen Dispergiermittel dispergierbar sind, und die ausschließlich aus Trifloxystrobin und einem flüssigen oder festen Emulgator bestehen können, oder die auch einen flüssigen Träger wie Xylol, aromatische Schwerbenzine, Isophoron oder sonstige nichtflüchtige organische Lösungsmittel enthalten können, handelt. Für agrochemische Zwecke werden diese Konzentrate in Wasser oder einem anderen flüssigen Träger dispergiert und normal als Spray auf die zu behandelnde Fläche ausgebracht. Der Gewichtsprozentsatz an essentiellem Wirkstoff kann je nach der Ausbringungsart der Zusammensetzung schwanken, umfasst jedoch im Allgemeinen 0,5 bis 95 Gew.-% Wirkstoff der Zusammensetzung enthaltend Trifloxystrobin.Other useful formulations are emulsifiable concentrates (ECs) that are homo liquid compositions which are dispersible in water or another dispersing agent and which may consist exclusively of trifloxystrobin and a liquid or solid emulsifier, or which may also contain a liquid carrier such as xylene, aromatic heavy spirits, isophorone or other nonvolatile organic solvents , For agrochemical purposes, these concentrates are dispersed in water or other liquid carrier and normally applied as a spray to the surface to be treated. The weight percentage of the essential agent may vary depending on the mode of application of the composition, but generally comprises from 0.5 to 95% by weight of the active ingredient of the composition containing trifloxystrobin.
Fließfähige Formulierungen („flowables”) sind den ECs ähnlich, nur dass der Wirkstoff in einem flüssigen Träger, im Allgemeinen Wasser, suspendiert ist. Fließfähige Formulierungen, wie ECs, können eine kleine Menge an Tensid beinhalten und enthalten typischerweise Wirkstoffe im Bereich von 0,5 bis 95 Gew.-%, häufig von 10 bis 50 Gew.-%, der Zusammensetzung. Für die Anwendung können fließfähige Formulierungen mit Wasser oder einem anderen flüssigen Vehikel verdünnt werden und werden üblicherweise als Spray auf die zu behandelnde Fläche ausgebracht.flowable Formulations ("flowables") are similar to ECs, except that the active ingredient in a liquid carrier, generally water, is suspended. flowable Formulations, such as ECs, may contain a small amount of surfactant contain and typically contain active ingredients in the range of From 0.5 to 95% by weight, often from 10 to 50% by weight, of the composition. For the application can be flowable Formulations with water or another liquid Vehicles are diluted and usually sprayed on the surface to be treated.
Zu typischen Netzmitteln, Dispergiermitteln oder Emulgatoren, die in landwirtschaftlichen Formulierungen verwendet werden, zählen die folgenden, sind jedoch nicht auf diese beschränkt: Alkyl- und Alkylarylsulfonate und -sulfate und ihre Natriumsalze; Alkylarylpolyetheralkohole; sulfatierte höhere Alkohole; Polyethylenoxide; sulfonierte tierische und pflanzliche Öle; sulfonierte Mineralöle; Fettsäureester von mehrwertigen Alkoholen und die Ethylenoxidaddukte solcher Ester; sowie das Addukt von langkettigen Mercaptanen und Ethylenoxid. Viele andere Arten von nützlichen Tensiden sind im Handel erhältlich. Werden Tenside verwendet, so umfassen diese üblicherweise 1 bis 15 Gewichtsprozent der Zusammensetzung.To typical wetting agents, dispersants or emulsifiers, which in agricultural formulations are used the following, but are not limited to: Alkyl and alkylaryl sulfonates and sulfates and their sodium salts; alkylaryl; sulfated higher alcohols; Polyethylene oxides; sulfonated animal and vegetable oils; sulfonated mineral oils; Fatty acid esters of polyvalent ones Alcohols and the ethylene oxide adducts of such esters; as well as the adduct long chain mercaptans and ethylene oxide. Many other types Useful surfactants are commercially available. When surfactants are used, they usually include 1 to 15 percent by weight of the composition.
Zu weiteren nützlichen Formulierungen zählen Suspensionen des Wirkstoffs in einem relativ schwerflüchtigen Lösungsmittel wie Wasser, Weizenkeimöl, Kerosin, Propylengykol oder anderen geeigneten Lösungsmitteln.To other useful formulations include suspensions of the drug in a relatively low volatility solvent such as water, wheat germ oil, kerosene, propylene glycol or others suitable solvents.
Zu weiteren nützlichen Formulierungen zählen auch einfache Lösungen des Wirkstoffs in einem Lösungsmittel, in dem dieses in der gewünschten Konzentration vollständig löslich ist, wie Aceton, alkylierte Naphthalene, Xylol oder sonstige organische Lösungsmittel. Granulatförmige Formulierungen, in denen der Wirkstoff oder die Wirkstoffkombination auf relativ groben Partikeln aufgebracht ist, eignen sich besonders für die Verteilung auf dem Luftweg oder für das Eindringen in die Bestandesdecke von Deckfrüchten. Sprays unter Druck, typischerweise Aerosole, in denen der Wirkstoff durch Verdampfen eines niedrig siedenden Dispergiermittellösungsmittelträgers in feinteiliger Form dispergiert ist, können ebenfalls verwendet werden. Wasserlösliche oder wasserdispergierbare Granulate sind freifließend, nicht staubend und leicht in Wasser löslich oder mischbar. Bei der Verwendung auf dem Feld durch den Landwirt können die granulatförmigen Formulierungen, emulgierbaren Konzentrate, „Flowables”, wässrigen Emulsionen, Lösungen usw. mit Wasser auf eine Wirkstoffkonzentration im Bereich von zirka 0,1% oder 0,2% bis 1,5% oder 2% verdünnt werden.To Other useful formulations also include simple solutions of the active ingredient in a solvent, in which this is complete in the desired concentration soluble, such as acetone, alkylated naphthalenes, xylene or other organic solvents. granular Formulations in which the active substance or combination of active substances Applied to relatively coarse particles are particularly suitable for distribution by air or for the Penetration into the cover of cover crops. sprays under pressure, typically aerosols, in which the active ingredient passes through Vaporizing a low boiling dispersant solvent carrier is dispersed in finely divided form, can also be used. Water-soluble or water-dispersible Granules are free-flowing, non-dusting and light soluble or miscible in water. When using on The field by the farmer can be granular Formulations, emulsifiable concentrates, "flowables", aqueous emulsions, solutions, etc. with water to an active substance concentration in the range of approximately 0.1% or 0.2% diluted to 1.5% or 2%.
Die Zusammensetzungen können ferner weitere Wirkstoffe wie Lockstoffe, Sterilantien, Bakterizide, wachstumsregulierende Stoffe, Herbizide, Safener, Düngemittel, Semiochemicals sowie Synergisten umfassen. Synergisten sind Verbindungen, durch die die Wirkung der Wirkstoffe gesteigert wird, ohne dass der zugesetzte Synergist selbst aktiv wirksam sein muss.The Compositions may also contain other agents such as Attractants, sterilants, bactericides, growth regulators, Herbicides, safeners, fertilizers, semiochemicals and synergists include. Synergists are compounds through which the effect of Active ingredients is increased without the added synergist itself must be active.
Ferner können die Zusammensetzungen Hemmstoffe umfassen, die einen Abbau des Wirkstoffes nach Anwendung in der Umgebung der Pflanze, auf der Oberfläche von Pflanzenteilen oder in pflanzlichen Geweben vermindern.Further For example, the compositions may include inhibitors comprising a Degradation of the active substance after application in the environment of the plant, on the surface of plant parts or in plant Reduce tissue.
Der Wirkstoffgehalt der aus den handelsüblichen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen kann in weiten Bereichen variieren. Die Wirkstoffkonzentration der Anwendungsformen liegt im Bereich von 0,00000001 bis 95 Gew.-% Wirkstoff, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,00001 bis 1 Gew.-%.Of the Active substance content of the commercial formulations prepared application forms can vary widely. The active ingredient concentration of the use forms is in the range from 0.00000001 to 95% by weight of active ingredient, preferably in the range from 0.00001 to 1% by weight.
Die Anwendung geschieht in einer den Anwendungsformen angepassten üblichen Weise.The Application is done in a custom forms adapted to the applications Wise.
Die erfindungsgemäße Behandlung der Pflanzen und Pflanzenteile mit den Trifloxystrobin enthaltenden Zusammensetzungen erfolgt direkt oder durch Einwirkung auf deren Umgebung, Lebensraum oder Lagerraum nach den üblichen Behandlungsmethoden, z. B. durch Tauchen, Sprühen, Verdampfen, Vernebeln, Streuen, Aufstreichen und bei Vermehrungsmaterial, insbesondere bei Saatgut, weiterhin durch ein- oder mehrschichtiges Umhüllen.The Treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant parts The trifloxystrobin-containing compositions are made directly or by affecting its environment, habitat or storage space according to the usual treatment methods, eg. B. by diving, Spraying, vaporizing, misting, spreading, spreading and in the case of propagating material, in particular seed, by single or multi-layer coating.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich ferner insbesondere zur Behandlung von Saatgut. Ein großer Teil des durch tierische Schädlinge und durch Pathogene an Kultursorten verursachten Schadens entsteht bereits durch den Befall des Saatguts während der Lagerung und nach dem Säen des Saatguts in den Boden sowie während und unmittelbar nach der Keimung der Pflanzen. Diese Phase ist besonders kritisch, da die Wurzeln und Sprosse der wachsenden Pflanze besonders empfindlich sind und bereits ein geringer Schaden zum Absterben der ganzen Pflanze führen kann. Es besteht daher ein großes Interesse daran, das Saatgut und die keimende Pflanze durch den Einsatz geeigneter Mittel zu schützen.The inventive method is also suitable especially for the treatment of seeds. A large part of animal pests and pathogens on cultivars damage caused by the infestation of the seed during storage and after sowing the seed into the soil as well as during and immediately after germination the plants. This phase is especially critical as the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive and already cause a small damage to the death of the whole plant can. There is therefore a great interest in that Seed and the germinating plant by the use of appropriate means to protect.
Die Bekämpfung von tierischen Schädlingen und/oder von phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder von Mikroorganismen durch Behandeln des Saatguts von Pflanzen ist seit langem bekannt und ist Gegenstand ständiger Verbesserungen. Dennoch ergeben sich bei der Behandlung von Saatgut eine Reihe von Problemen, die nicht immer zufriedenstellend gelöst werden können. So ist es erstrebenswert, Verfahren zum Schutz des Saatguts und der keimenden Pflanze zu entwickeln, die das zusätzliche Ausbringen von Pflanzenschutzmitteln nach der Saat oder nach dem Keimen der Pflanzen überflüssig machen. Es ist weiterhin erstrebenswert, die Menge des eingesetzten Wirkstoffs dahingehend zu optimieren, dass das Saatgut und die keimende Pflanze vor dem Befall durch tierische Schädlinge bestmöglich geschützt werden, ohne jedoch die Pflanze selbst durch den eingesetzten Wirkstoff zu schädigen. Insbesondere sollten Verfahren zur Behandlung von Saatgut auch die intrinsischen insektiziden und fungiziden Eigenschaften transgener Pflanzen einbeziehen, um einen optimalen Schutz des Saatguts und auch der keimenden Pflanze bei einem minimalen Aufwand an Pflanzenschutzmitteln zu erreichen.The Combating animal pests and / or of phytopathogenic fungi and / or microorganisms by treatment The seed of plants has long been known and is the subject constant improvements. Nevertheless arise in the Treating seed a number of problems that are not always can be satisfactorily resolved. So is it desirable, methods of protection of seed and germinating To develop a plant, which is the additional spreading of Plant protection after sowing or after germination of the plants superfluous do. It is still desirable, the amount of used To optimize the active ingredient so that the seed and the germinating Plant best possible against infestation by animal pests be protected, but without the plant itself by the damage the active ingredient used. In particular, should Method of treatment of seed also the intrinsic insecticides and fungicidal properties of transgenic plants optimum protection of the seed and also of the germinating plant to achieve a minimum of pesticides.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich ferner insbesondere auch auf ein Verfahren zum Schutz von Saatgut und keimenden Pflanzen vor dem Befall durch tierische Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder Mikroorganismen, indem das Saatgut mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Kombination behandelt wird.The The present invention also more particularly relates to a method of protecting seed and germinating plants the infestation by animal pests and / or phytopathogenic Fungi and / or microorganisms by the seed with a Combination is treated.
Die Erfindung umfasst ein Verfahren, bei dem das Saatgut gleichzeitig mit den Komponenten Trifloxystrobin und gegebenenfalls weiteren Wirkstoffen behandelt wird. Sie betrifft weiterhin ein Verfahren, bei dem das Saatgut mit Trifloxystrobin und gegebenenfalls weiteren Wirkstoffen getrennt behandelt wird.The The invention comprises a method in which the seed is simultaneously with the components trifloxystrobin and optionally further Active ingredients is treated. It also relates to a method in which the seed is mixed with trifloxystrobin and optionally further Active ingredients is treated separately.
Die Erfindung umfasst auch ein Saatgut, das mit Trifloxystrobin und gegebenenfalls weiteren Wirkstoffen gleichzeitig oder getrennt behandelt worden ist und das noch eine wirksame Menge an diesen Wirkstoffen enthält. Für dieses letztgenannte Saatgut können die Wirkstoffe in getrennten Schichten aufgetragen werden. Diese Schichten können gegebenenfalls durch eine zusätzliche Schicht, die gegebenenfalls einen Wirkstoff enthält, getrennt sein.The The invention also includes a seed mixed with trifloxystrobin and optionally further active ingredients treated simultaneously or separately has been and still contains an effective amount of these drugs. For this latter seed, the active ingredients be applied in separate layers. These layers can optionally by an additional layer, if necessary contains an active ingredient, to be separated.
Das Zeitintervall zwischen der Aufbringung der unterschiedlichen Schichten der unterschiedlichen Verbindungen ist im Allgemeinen nicht kritisch.The Time interval between the application of the different layers Of the different compounds is generally not critical.
Einer der Vorteile der Erfindung ist, dass aufgrund der besonderen systemischen Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Mittel die Behandlung mit diesen Mitteln nicht nur das Saatgut selbst, sondern auch die daraus nach dem Aufgehen hervorgehenden Pflanzen gegen tierische Schädlinge und/oder phytopathogene Pilze und/oder Mikroorganismen schützt. Auf diese Weise kann die unmittelbare Behandlung der Kultur zum Zeitpunkt der Aussaat oder kurz danach entfallen.one The advantages of the invention is that due to the particular systemic Properties of the agents according to the invention Treatment with these funds not only the seed itself, but also the plants which emerge from it after rising animal pests and / or phytopathogenic fungi and / or Protects microorganisms. In this way, the immediate Treatment of the culture at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter omitted.
Wie bereits beschrieben ist die Behandlung von transgenem Saatgut mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Mittel von besonderer Bedeutung. Die vorliegende Erfindung eignet sich besonders für die Behandlung von transgenem Saatgut, das mindestens ein heterologes Gen enthält, welches aus Bacillus sp. stammt und dessen Genprodukt eine Wirksamkeit gegen den Maiszünsler und/oder den westlichen Maiswurzelbohrer aufweist. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein heterologes Gen, das aus Bacillus thuringiensis stammt.As already described is the treatment of transgenic seed with an agent of the invention of particular Importance. The present invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of transgenic seed containing at least one heterologous Contains gene derived from Bacillus sp. comes and its Genprodukt an activity against the European corn borer and / or has western corn rootworm. Particularly preferred a heterologous gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das erfindungsgemäße Mittel alleine oder in einer geeigneten Formulierung auf das Saatgut aufgebracht. Vorzugsweise wird das Saatgut in einem Zustand gehandhabt, in dem es so stabil ist, dass keine Schäden bei der Behandlung auftreten. Im Allgemeinen kann die Behandlung des Saatguts zu jedem Zeitpunkt zwischen der Ernte und der Aussaat erfolgen. Üblicherweise wird Saatgut verwendet, das von der Pflanze getrennt und von Kolben, Schalen, Stängeln, Schoten, Wolle oder Fruchtfleisch befreit wurde. So kann z. B. Saatgut verwendet werden, das geerntet, gereinigt und bis zu einem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt von unter 15 Gew.-% getrocknet wurde. Alternativ kann auch Saatgut verwendet werden, das nach dem Trocknen z. B. mit Wasser behandelt und dann erneut getrocknet wurde.in the Within the scope of the present invention, the inventive Means alone or in a suitable formulation on the seed applied. Preferably, the seed is handled in a state in which it is so stable that no damage in the treatment occur. In general, the treatment of the seed to everyone Time between harvest and sowing done. Usually seed separated from the plant and used by flasks, Shells, stalks, pods, wool or pulp freed has been. So z. B. Seeds are used, which are harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight has been. Alternatively, seed can be used after the Drying z. B. treated with water and then dried again.
Im Allgemeinen muss bei der Behandlung des Saatguts darauf geachtet werden, dass die Menge der auf das Saatgut aufgebrachten Trifloxystrobin enthaltenden Zusammensetzung und/oder weiterer Zusatzstoffe so gewählt wird, dass die Keimung des Saatguts nicht beeinträchtigt bzw. die daraus hervorgehende Pflanze nicht geschädigt wird. Dies ist vor allem bei Wirkstoffen zu beachten, die in bestimmten Aufwandmengen phytotoxische Effekte zeigen können.In general, care must be taken when treating the seed that the amount of seed is on the seed applied Trifloxystrobin containing composition and / or other additives is chosen so that the germination of the seed is not affected or the resulting plant is not damaged. This is especially important for active ingredients, which can show phytotoxic effects in certain application rates.
Die
erfindungsgemäßen Mittel können unmittelbar
aufgebracht werden, also ohne weitere Komponenten zu enthalten und
ohne verdünnt worden zu sein. In der Regel ist es bevorzugt,
die Mittel in Form einer geeigneten Formulierung auf das Saatgut
aufzubringen. Geeignete Formulierungen und Verfahren für
die Saatgutbehandlung sind dem Fachmann bekannt und werden z. B.
in den folgenden Dokumenten beschrieben:
Zusammensetzungen, die sich für die Saatgutbehandlung besonders eignen, sind z. B.:
- A Lösliche Konzentrate (SL, LS)
- D Emulsionen (EW, EO, ES)
- E Suspensionen (SC, OD, FS)
- F Wasserdispergierbare Granulate und wasserlösliche Granulate (WG, SG)
- G Wasserdispergierbare Pulver und wasserlösliche Pulver (WP, SP, WS)
- H Gel-Formulierungen (GF)
- I Stäubemittel (DP, DS)
- A Soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
- D emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
- E suspensions (SC, OD, FS)
- F Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)
- G Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS)
- H gel formulations (GF)
- I Dusts (DP, DS)
Zu traditionellen Formulierungen für die Saatgutbehandlung zählen z. B. „Flowables” FS, Lösungen LS, Trockenbeizen DS, Schlammbeizen WS, Nassbeizen SS und Emulsionen ES und EC und GelFormulierungen GF. Diese Formulierungen können auf das Saatgut verdünnt oder unverdünnt ausgebracht werden. Die Ausbringung auf Saatgut erfolgt vor dem Säen, und zwar entweder direkt auf das Saatgut oder nach dem Vorkeimen der letzteren. FS-Formulierungen sind bevorzugt.To traditional formulations for seed treatment count z. B. "Flowables" FS, Solutions LS, Dry pickling DS, sludge pickling WS, wet pickling SS and emulsions ES and EC and gel formulations GF. These formulations can diluted on the seed or applied undiluted become. Seeding is done before sowing, either directly on the seed or after pre-germination the latter. FS formulations are preferred.
Bei der Behandlung von Saatgut betragen die Aufwandmengen der Zusammensetzung enthaltend Trifloxystrobin im Allgemeinen 0,1 bis 10 kg pro 100 kg Saatgut. Die getrennte oder gemeinsame Ausbringung der Trifloxystrobin und einen weiteren Wirkstoff/aktive Verbindung enthaltenden Zusammensetzung erfolgt durch Spritz- oder Stäubebehandlung des Saatguts, Keimpflanzen, Pflanzen oder Böden vor oder nach dem Säen der Pflanzen oder vor oder nach dem Auflaufen der Pflanzen.at the treatment of seed is the application rate of the composition containing trifloxystrobin, generally 0.1 to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed. Separate or combined application of trifloxystrobin and another active compound containing active compound done by spraying or dusting the seed, Seedlings, plants or soils before or after sowing of the plants or before or after emergence of the plants.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf die Vermehrungsprodukte von Pflanzen, insbesondere das Saatgut, das eine Trifloxystrobin enthaltende Zusammensetzung oder eine Trifloxystrobin und einen weiteren Wirkstoff/aktive Verbindung enthaltende Zusammensetzung umfasst, also damit beschichtet ist und/oder diese enthält. Das Saatgut umfasst die vorgenannte Zusammensetzung in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 10 kg pro 100 kg Saatgut.The Invention also relates to the propagation products of plants, in particular the seed, the trifloxystrobin-containing composition or a trifloxystrobin and another active compound comprising composition, that is coated with it and / or contains these. The seed includes the aforementioned Composition in an amount of 0.1 to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed.
Die
Zusammensetzung kann „als solche” ausgebracht
werden, d. h. ohne dass Streckmittel oder sonstige Komponenten vorliegen.
Typischerweise wird diese Zusammensetzung jedoch auf das Saatgut
in Form einer Saatgutbehandlungsformulierung ausgebracht. Diese
Formulierung kann eine oder mehrere sonstige erwünschte
Komponenten enthalten, darunter auch, jedoch nicht einschränkend,
50 flüssige Verdünnungsmittel/Streckmittel, Bindemittel,
die als Matrix für das Pestizid dienen, Füllstoffe
zum Schützen des Saatguts während Stressbedingungen
und Weichmacher zur Verbesserung der Flexibilität, des
Haftens und/oder des Spreizens der Beschichtung. Bei öligen
Pestizidformulierungen, die wenig oder keinen Füllstoff
enthalten, kann es weiterhin wünschenswert sein, 55 Komponenten
zu den Formulierungstrocknungsmitteln zuzugeben, wie Calciumcarbonat,
Kaolin oder Bentonitton, Perlit, Diatomeenerde oder ein beliebiges
sonstiges Adsorptionsmittel. Die Verwendung von solchen Komponenten
bei Saatgutbehandlungen ist fachbekannt; siehe z. B.
Das Saatgut kann auch mit einem oder mehreren der folgenden Bestandteile behandelt werden: sonstige Pestizide, darunter auch Verbindungen, die nur unter der Erde wirken; Fungizide wie Captan, Thiram, Metalxyl, Fludioxonil, Oxadixyl sowie Isomere von jeder dieser Substanzen und dergleichen; Herbizide, darunter Verbindungen ausgewählt aus der Reihe der Acetamide, Triazine, Dinitroaniline, Glycerinether, Pyridazinone, Uracile, Phenoxyverbindungen, Harnstoffe und Benzoesäure; Herbizid-Safener wie Benzoxazin, Benzhydrylderivative, N,N-Diallyl dichloracetamid, verschiedene Dihalogenacyle, Oxazolidinyl- und Thiazolidinylverbindungen, Ethanon, Naphthalinsäureanhydridverbindungen sowie Oximderivative; Düngemittel; und biologische Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel wie natürlich vorkommende oder rekombinante Bakterien oder Pilze der Gattungen Rhizobium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Glomus, Gliocladium und Mycorrhiza-Pilze. Diese Bestandteile können als eigene Schicht auf dem Saatgut zugegeben werden oder auch als Teil der Pestizidzusammensetzung zugegeben werden.The seed may also be treated with one or more of the following: other pesticides, including compounds that act only underground; Fungicides such as captan, thiram, metalxyl, fludioxonil, oxadixyl and isomers of any of these substances and the like; Herbicides, including compounds selected from the group of acetamides, triazines, dinitroanilines, glycerol ethers, pyridazinones, uracils, phenoxy compounds, ureas and benzoic acid; Herbicidal safeners such as benzoxazine, benzhydryl derivatives, N, N-diallyl dichloroacetamide, various dihaloacyls, oxazolidinyl and thiazolidinyl compounds mentions, ethanone, naphthalenic anhydride compounds and oxime derivatives; Fertilizer; and biological pesticides such as naturally occurring or recombinant bacteria or fungi of the genera Rhizobium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Glomus, Gliocladium and mycorrhizal fungi. These ingredients may be added as a separate layer on the seed or may also be added as part of the pesticidal composition.
Vorzugsweise sollte die Menge der neuen Zusammensetzung oder der sonstigen bei der Saatgutbehandlung verwendeten Bestandteile nicht die Keimung des Saatguts hemmen oder phytotoxische Schäden an dem Saatgut verursachen.Preferably should include the amount of new composition or other the seed treatment did not use the germination of the seed or phytotoxic damage to the seed cause.
Die Zusammensetzung zur erfindungsgemäßen Behandlung kann in Form einer Suspension, einer Emulsion, einer Aufschlämmung von Partikeln in einem wässrigen Medium (z. B. Wasser), einem Spritzpulver, einem Spritzgranulat („dry flowable”) und einem Trockengranulat vorliegen. Bei Formulierung als Suspension oder Aufschlämmung beträgt die Konzentration des Wirkstoffs in der Formulierung vorzugsweise ungefähr 0,5 Gew.-% bis 99 Gew.-% (w/w), vorzugsweise 5–40%.The Composition for the treatment according to the invention may be in the form of a suspension, an emulsion, a slurry of particles in an aqueous medium (eg water), a spray powder, an injection granulate ("dry flowable") and a dry granulate. When formulated as a suspension or Slurry is the concentration of the active ingredient in the formulation preferably about 0.5% by weight to 99% by weight (w / w), preferably 5-40%.
Wie
oben erwähnt können sonstige traditionelle inaktive
oder inerte Bestandteile in die Saatgutbehandlungsformulierung eingearbeitet
werden. Zu solchen inerten Bestandteilen zählen, jedoch
nicht einschränkend, traditionelle Haftmittel, Dispergiermittel
wie Methylzellulose (Methocel A15LV oder Methocel A15C dienen z.
B. als kombiniertes Dispergiermittel/Haftmittel für Saatgutbehandlungen),
Polyvinylalkohol (z. B. Elvanol 51-05), Lecithin (z. B. Yelkinol
P), polymere Dispergiermittel (z. B. Polyvinylpyrrolidon/Vinylacetat PVP/VA
S-630), Verdickungsmittel (z. B. Tonverdickungsmittel wie Van Gel
B zur Verbesserung der Viskosität und Verringerung des
Absetzens von Partikelsuspensionen), Emulsionsstabilisatoren, Tenside,
Frostschutzmittel (z. B. Harnstoff), Farbstoffe, Färbemittel
und dergleichen. Weitere inerte Bestandteile, die sich für
die vorliegende Erfindung eignen, finden sich in
Die Zusammensetzungen enthaltend Trifloxystrobin können auf Saatgut nach einer beliebigen üblichen Saatgutbehandlungsmethode aufgebracht werden, darunter auch, jedoch nicht einschränkend, Mischungen in einem Behältnis (z. B. einer Flasche oder einem Beutel), mechanisches Auftragen, Taumeln, Sprühen und Tauchen. Zum In-Kontakt-Bringen von Saatgut mit den obigen Zusammensetzungen können traditionelle Aktiv- oder Inertmaterialien verwendet werden, wie traditionelle Filmbildner, darunter auch, jedoch nicht einschränkend, Filmbildner auf Wasserbasis wie Sepiret (Seppic, Inc., Fairfield, N. J.) und Opacoat (Berwind Pharm. Services, Westpoint, Pa.).The Compositions containing trifloxystrobin may occur Seeds according to any conventional seed treatment method including, but not limited to, Mixtures in a container (eg a bottle or a bag), mechanical application, tumbling, spraying and Diving. For contacting seed with the above compositions can use traditional active or inert materials like traditional film makers, including, but not Restrictive, water-based film-maker like Sepiret (Seppic, Inc., Fairfield, N.J.) and Opacoat (Berwind Pharm. Services, Westpoint, Pa.).
Saatgutbeschichtung:
Die Zusammensetzung kann auf Saatgut als Komponente einer Saatgutbeschichtung
aufgetragen werden. Es eignen sich fachbekannte Saatgutbeschichtungsmethoden
und -zusammensetzungen, wenn sie durch Zusatz von einer der Ausführungsformen
der erfindungsgemäßen Kombination von Pestiziden
modifiziert werden. Solche Beschichtungsmethoden und -geräte
für ihre Aufbringung sind z. B. in den
Bindemittel, die sich für die vorliegende Erfindung eignen, umfassen vorzugsweise ein Klebstoffpolymer, das natürlich oder synthetisch sein kann und das auf das zu beschichtende Saatgut keine phytotoxische Wirkung ausübt. Das Bindemittel kann aus der folgenden Reihe ausgewählt sein: Polyvinylacetate, Polyvinylacetatcopolymere, Polyvinylalkohole, Polyvinylalkoholcopolymere, Cellulosen, darunter Ethylcellulosen, Methylcellulosen, Hydroxymethylcellulosen, Hydroxypropylcellulosen und Carboxymethylcellulose, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polysaccharide, darunter Stärke, modifizierte Stärke, Dextrine, Maltodextrine, Alginat und Chitosane, Fette, Öle, Proteine, darunter Gelatine und Zeine, Gummi-Arabicum-Arten, Schellack-Arten Vinylidenchlorid und Vinylidenchloridcopolymere, Calciumlignosulfonate, Acrylsäurecopolymere, Polyvinylacrylate, Polyethylenoxid, Acrylamidpolymere und –copolymere, Polyhydroxyethylacrylat, Methylacrylamidmonomere und Polychloropren.Binder, which are suitable for the present invention include preferably an adhesive polymer that is natural or synthetic can be and that on the seed to be coated no phytotoxic effect exercises. The binder can be selected from the following series polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, Polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, celluloses, including ethylcelluloses, Methylcelluloses, hydroxymethylcelluloses, hydroxypropylcelluloses and carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polysaccharides, including starch, modified starch, dextrins, Maltodextrins, alginate and chitosans, fats, oils, proteins, including gelatin and zein, gum arabic species, shellac species Vinylidene chloride and vinylidene chloride copolymers, calcium lignosulfonates, Acrylic acid copolymers, polyvinyl acrylates, polyethylene oxide, Acrylamide polymers and copolymers, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, Methylacrylamide monomers and polychloroprene.
Der Binder wird vorzugsweise so ausgewählt, dass er als Matrix für die vorliegende Kombination von Pestiziden dienen kann. Obwohl sich alle die obengenannten Bindemittel als Matrix eignen können, wird das spezifische Bindemittel von den Eigenschaften der Kombination der Pestizide abhängen. Der Ausdruck „Matrix” bedeutet im vorliegenden Zusammenhang eine kontinuierliche feste Phase von einer oder mehreren Bindemittelverbindungen, in der als diskontinuierliche Phase eine oder mehrere der vorliegenden Kombinationen von Pestiziden verteilt sind. Gegebenenfalls können auch ein Füllstoff und/oder andere Komponenten in der Matrix vorhanden sein. Der Ausdruck Matrix soll auch das beinhalten, was als ein Matrixsystem, ein Reservoirsystem oder ein mikroverkapseltes System angesehen werden kann. Im Allgemeinen besteht ein Matrixsystem aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Kombination von Pestiziden und Füllstoff, die einheitlich innerhalb eines Polymers dispergiert sind, während ein Reservoirsystem aus einer getrennten Phase, die die vorliegende Kombination von Pestiziden umfasst, welche physikalisch innerhalb einer umgebenden, die Abgabegeschwindigkeit begrenzenden polymeren Phase dispergiert ist, besteht. Die Mikroverkapselung beinhaltet die Beschichtung von kleinen Partikeln oder Tröpfchen einer Flüssigkeit, jedoch auch Dispersionen, in einer festen Matrix.The binder is preferably selected to be the matrix for the present combination of Can serve pesticides. Although all of the above-mentioned binders may be suitable as a matrix, the specific binder will depend on the properties of the combination of the pesticides. The term "matrix" in the present context means a continuous solid phase of one or more binder compounds in which one or more of the present combinations of pesticides are distributed as a discontinuous phase. Optionally, a filler and / or other components may also be present in the matrix. The term matrix is also intended to include what may be considered a matrix system, a reservoir system or a microencapsulated system. In general, a matrix system consists of a combination of pesticides and filler of the present invention uniformly dispersed within a polymer, while a separate phase reservoir system comprising the present combination of pesticides which physically disperse within a surrounding delivery rate limiting polymeric phase is, exists. Microencapsulation involves the coating of small particles or droplets of a liquid, but also dispersions, in a solid matrix.
Die Menge an Bindemittel in der Beschichtung kann schwanken, wird jedoch im Bereich von ungefähr 0,01 bis ungefähr 25 Gewichtsprozent des Saatguts, stärker bevorzugt von ungefähr 0,05 bis ungefähr 15%, noch stärker bevorzugt von ungefähr 0,1 bis ungefähr 10%, liegen.The Amount of binder in the coating may vary, but will in the range of about 0.01 to about 25 weight percent of the seed, more preferably about 0.05 to about 15%, more preferably about 0.1 to about 10%.
Wie oben erwähnt kann die Matrix gegebenenfalls einen Füllstoff beinhalten. Bei dem Füllstoff kann es sich um einen fachbekannten absorbierenden oder inerten Füllstoff handeln, darunter Holzmehle, Tone, Aktivkohle, Zucker, Diatomeenerde, Getreidemehle, feinteilige anorganische Feststoffe, Calciumcarbonat und dergleichen. Zu Tonen und anorganischen Feststoffen, die verwendet werden können, zählen Calciumbentonit, Kaolin, Porzellanerde, Talk, Perlit, Glimmer, Vermiculit, Siliciumdioxide, Quarzpulver, Montmorillonit und deren Mischungen. Zu Zuckern, die sich eignen können, zählen Dextrin und Maltodextrin. Zu Getreidemehlen zählen Weizenmehl, Hafermehl und Gerstenmehl.As As mentioned above, the matrix may optionally contain a filler include. The filler may be a well known one including absorbing or inert filler Wood flour, clays, activated charcoal, sugar, diatomaceous earth, cereal flours, finely divided inorganic solids, calcium carbonate and the like. To clays and inorganic solids that can be used include calcium bentonite, kaolin, china clay, talc, perlite, Mica, vermiculite, silicas, quartz powder, montmorillonite and their mixtures. To sugars that may be suitable include dextrin and maltodextrin. Count on cereal flours Wheat flour, oatmeal and barley flour.
Die Auswahl des Füllstoffs erfolgt so, dass dieser ein geeignetes Mikroklima für das Saatgut bereitstellt, so wird z. B. der Füllstoff dazu verwendet, um die Menge der Beladung mit den Wirkstoffen zu erhöhen und die kontrollierte Freisetzung der Wirkstoffe einzustellen. Der Füllstoff kann als Hilfe bei der Herstellung oder beim Vorgang der Saatgutbeschichtung dienen. Die Füllstoffmenge kann schwanken, das Gewicht der Füllstoffkomponenten wird jedoch im Allgemeinen im Bereich von ungefähr 0,05 bis ungefähr 75 Gewichtsprozent des Saatguts, stärker bevorzugt von ungefähr 0,1 bis ungefähr 50%, noch stärker bevorzugt von ungefähr 0,5 bis 15% liegen.The Selection of the filler is such that this is a suitable Provides microclimate for the seed, so z. B. The filler used to increase the amount of loading with the active ingredients increase and the controlled release to adjust the active ingredients. The filler can be as an aid serve in the production or the process of seed coating. The amount of filler can vary, the weight of the filler components however, generally will be in the range of about 0.05 up to about 75% by weight of the seed, stronger preferably from about 0.1 to about 50%, still more preferably from about 0.5 to 15%.
Die hier beschriebene Zusammensetzung ist für die Beschichtung geeignet. Die Wirkstoffmenge, die in der Beschichtung eingearbeitet ist, variiert in Abhängigkeit von der Art des Saatguts. Die Beschichtung enthält eine wirksame Menge Trifloxystrobin allein oder in Kombination mit anderen Wirkstoffen. Im vorliegenden Zusammenhang bedeutet eine wirksame Menge diejenige Menge an Wirkstoff, die die unerwünschten Mikroorganismen oder die Schadinsekten im Larven- oder Puppenstadium ihres Wachstums abtötet oder die das durch Schadinsekten verursachte Schadensausmaß beträchtlich reduziert oder verzögert. Im Allgemeinen wird die Wirkstoffmenge in der Beschichtung im Bereich von ungefähr 0,005 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent des Saatguts liegen. Ein bevorzugter Bereich des Wirkstoffs/der Wirkstoffe ist ungefähr 0,01 bis ungefähr 40%, insbesondere bevorzugt ist ungefähr 0,05 bis ungefähr 20%.The Composition described here is for the coating suitable. The amount of active ingredient incorporated in the coating varies, depending on the type of seed. The coating contains an effective amount of trifloxystrobin alone or in combination with other active substances. In the present context an effective amount means that amount of active ingredient that the undesirable microorganisms or insect pests in the Kills larval or pupal stage of their growth or the damage caused by insect pests considerable reduced or delayed. In general, the amount of active ingredient in the coating in the range of about 0.005 to 50 Percent by weight of the seed. A preferred range of Drug (s) is about 0.01 to about 40%, more preferably about 0.05 to about 20%.
Die Pestizide der Beschichtung dürfen die Keimung des Saatguts nicht hemmen und sollten eine Schutzwirkung für das Saatgut und/oder die Pflanze während derjenigen Zeit im Lebenszyklus des als Angriffspunkt dienenden Insekts bereitstellen, während der es Schaden am Saatgut oder an der Pflanze verursacht. Im Allgemeinen wird die Beschichtung ungefähr 0 bis 120 Tage nach dem Säen wirksam sein.The Pesticides of the coating allow germination of the seed do not inhibit and should provide a protective effect for the seed and / or the plant during that time in the life cycle of the attacking insect while which causes damage to the seed or the plant. In general the coating will be about 0 to 120 days after the Sowing be effective.
Die Beschichtung ist besonders wirksam für das Aufnehmen von hohen Beladungen mit Pestizid, wie dies für die Bekämpfung von typisch schwer zu bekämpfenden Schädlingen wie dem Maiswurzelbohrer erforderlich sein kann, wobei gleichzeitig eine nichtannehmbare Phytotoxizität aufgrund der erhöhten Beladung mit dem Pestizid vermieden wird.The Coating is particularly effective for picking up high levels of pesticide contamination, as is the case for control of typically difficult to control pests as the corn rootworm may be required while being at the same time unacceptable phytotoxicity due to the increased Loading with the pesticide is avoided.
Gegebenenfalls kann ein Weichmacher in der Beschichtungsformulierung verwendet werden. Weichmacher werden typischerweise dafür verwendet, um den Film, der von der Beschichtungsschicht gebildet wird, flexibler zu gestalten, um die Adhäsion und das Spreiten zu verbessern und um die Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen. Eine verbesserte Filmflexibilität ist für die Minimierung des Abplatzens, Brechens oder Abflockens während der Lagerungs-, Handhabungs- oder Sävorgänge wichtig. Es können viele Weichmacher eingesetzt werden. Zu nützlichen Weichmachern zählen jedoch Polyethylenglykol, Glycerin, Butylbenzylphthalat, Glykolbenzoate und verwandte Verbindungen. Die Menge an Weichmacher in der Beschichtungsschicht wird im Bereich von ungefähr 0,1 bis ungefähr 20 Gew.-% liegen.Optionally, a plasticizer may be used in the coating formulation. Plasticizers are typically used to make the film formed by the coating layer more flexible, to improve adhesion and spreading, and to increase processing speed. Improved film flexibility is important for minimizing chipping, cracking or flaking during storage, handling or seeding operations. Many plasticizers can be used. However, useful plasticizers include polyethylene glycol, glycerin, butyl benzyl phthalate, glycol benzoates, and related compounds. The amount of plasticizer in the coating layer will range from about 0.1 to about 20 weight percent.
Handelt es sich bei der Beschichtung verwendeten Wirkstoffkombination oder Wirkstoffkombinationen um eine ölartige Formulierung und ist nur wenig oder kein Füllstoff vorhanden, so kann es sinnvoll sein, den Trocknungsvorgang durch Trocknen der Formulierung zu beschleunigen. Dieser optionale Schritt kann mit im Fachgebiet allgemein bekannten Mitteln erfolgen und kann die Zugabe von Calciumcarbonat, Kaolin- oder Bentonitton, Perlit, Diatomeenerde oder einem beliebigen absorbierenden Material beinhalten, wobei die Zugabe vorzugsweise gleichzeitig mit der Pestizidbeschichtungsschicht zur Absorption des Öls oder überschüssiger Feuchtigkeit erfolgt. Die Menge an Calciumcarbonat oder verwandten Verbindungen, die zur effektiven Bereitstellung einer trockenen Beschichtung notwendig ist, liegt dabei im Bereich von ungefähr 0,5 bis ungefähr 10 Gewichtsprozent des Saatguts.These it is the combination of active ingredients used in the coating or Drug combinations to an oil-like formulation and if there is little or no filler, it may be useful, the drying process by drying the formulation to accelerate. This optional step can be used in the field generally known agents, and the addition of calcium carbonate, Kaolin or bentonite clay, perlite, diatomaceous earth or any one of them include absorbent material, the addition preferably simultaneously with the pesticide coating layer for absorption of oil or excess moisture he follows. The amount of calcium carbonate or related compounds, necessary to effectively provide a dry coating is in the range of about 0.5 to about 10% by weight of the seed.
Die Beschichtungen eignen sich dafür, eine langsame Freisetzungsgeschwindigkeit des Wirkstoffes oder der Wirkstoffkomninationen durch Diffusion oder Bewegung durch die Matrix an das umgebende Medium zu bewirken.The Coatings are suitable for this, a slow release rate the active ingredient or the Wirkstoffkomninationen by diffusion or to cause movement through the matrix to the surrounding medium.
Die Beschichtung kann auf beinahe jedes im vorliegenden Text beschriebene Kulturpflanzensaatgut aufgebracht werden, darunter Getreide, Gemüse, Zierpflanzen und Früchte.The Coating can be applied to almost any text described herein Cultivated seed, including cereals, vegetables, Ornamental plants and fruits.
Zusätzlich zu der Beschichtungsschicht kann das Saatgut mit einem oder mehreren der folgenden Bestandteile behandelt werden: sonstige Pestizide, darunter Fungizide und Herbizide, Herbizid-Safener, Düngemittel und/oder biologische Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel. Diese Bestandteile können als getrennte Schicht hinzugefügt werden oder auch in der Pestiziden Beschichtungsschicht zugesetzt werden.additionally to the coating layer, the seed may be one or more treated with the following ingredients: other pesticides, including fungicides and herbicides, herbicide safener, fertilizers and / or biological pesticides. These ingredients can be added as a separate layer be added or in the pesticides coating layer become.
Die Pestizidformulierung kann auf das Saatgut unter Verwendung von traditionellen Beschichtungstechniken und -geräten aufgebracht werden, wie Wirbelbetttechniken, der Weizenmühlenmethode, Rotor/Stator-Beizmaschinen und Trommelbeschichtungsmaschinen. Andere Methoden wie Sprudelbetten können sich ebenfalls eignen. Das Saatgut kann vor der Beschichtung klassiert werden (Größe 5). Nach der Beschichtung wird das Saatgut typischerweise getrocknet und dann zur Klassierung in eine Klassierungsmaschine gegeben. Solche Vorgehensweisen sind fachbekannt.The Pesticide formulation can be applied to the seed using traditional Coating techniques and equipment are applied, such as fluidized bed techniques, the wheat mill method, rotor / stator pickling machines and drum coating machines. Other methods like bubble beds may also be suitable. The seed can be before the Coating are classified (size 5). To the coating, the seed is typically dried and then given for classification in a classification machine. Such Procedures are known in the art.
Das pestizidbehandelte Saatgut kann auch mit einer Filmabschlussschicht umschlossen werden, um die Pestizidbeschichtung zu schützen. Solche Abschlussschichten sind fachbekannt und können unter Verwendung von traditionellen Wirbelbett- und Trommel-Filmbeschichtungstechniken aufgebracht werden.The Pesticidal treated seed can also be treated with a film finish coat enclosed to protect the pesticide coating. Such finishing layers are known in the art and can be used under Use of traditional fluidized bed and drum film coating techniques be applied.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann ein Wirkstoff oder Wirkstoffkombination auf oder in ein Saatgut dadurch eingeführt werden, dass man eine Vorbehandlung mit einer festen Matrix verwendet. So kann z. B. eine gewisse Menge des Wirkstoffes oder Wirkstoffkombination mit einem festen Matrixmaterial vermischt werden und das Saatgut kann dann mit dem festen Matrixmaterial so lange in Kontakt gebracht werden, dass der Wirkstoff oder die Wirkstoffkombination in das Saatgut eingetragen wird. Das Saatgut kann dann gegebenenfalls von dem festen Matrixmaterial abgetrennt und gelagert oder verwendet werden, oder die Mischung aus festem Matrixmaterial und Saatgut kann direkt gelagert oder ausgepflanzt werden. Zu festen Matrixmaterialien, die sich für die vorliegende Erfindung eignen, zählen Polyacrylamid, Stärke, Ton, Siliciumdioxid, Aluminiumdioxid, Erde, Sand, Polyharnstoff, Polyacrylat und jegliches andere Material, das fähig ist, das Pestizid für eine gewisse Zeit zu absorbieren oder adsorbieren und dieses in oder auf das Saatgut freizusetzen. Es ist nützlich sicherzustellen, dass der Wirkstoff oder die Wirkstoffkombination und das feste Matrixmaterial miteinander verträglich sind. So sollte das feste Matrixmaterial z. B. so gewählt werden, dass es der Wirkstoff oder die Wirkstoffkombination mit einer adäquaten Geschwindigkeit, z. B. im Verlauf von Minuten, Stunden oder Tagen, freisetzen kann.In another embodiment of the present invention may be an active ingredient or drug combination on or in a seed be introduced by having a pretreatment used with a solid matrix. So z. B. a certain amount of the active ingredient or drug combination with a solid matrix material The seed can then be mixed with the solid matrix material be contacted so long that the active ingredient or the Drug combination is added to the seed. The seed can then optionally separated from the solid matrix material and stored or used, or the mixture of solid Matrix material and seeds can be stored directly or planted out. To solid matrix materials that are suitable for the present Include polyacrylamide, starch, Clay, silica, alumina, earth, sand, polyurea, Polyacrylate and any other material that is capable of to absorb the pesticide for a period of time or adsorb and release this in or on the seed. It is useful to ensure that the active ingredient or the Combination of active ingredients and the solid matrix material compatible with each other are. So should the solid matrix material z. B. chosen be that it's the active ingredient or the drug combination an adequate speed, z. In the course of minutes, Hours or days, can release.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist das Tränken als weiteres Verfahren zur Behandlung von Saatgut mit dem Wirkstoff oder der Wirkstoffkombination. Z. B. kann pflanzliches Saatgut für einen gewissen Zeitraum mit einer Lösung, die ungefähr 1 Gew.-% bis ungefähr 75 Gew.% des Wirkstoff oder der Wirkstoffkombination in einem Lösungsmittel wie Wasser umfasst, zusammengegeben werden. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Konzentration der Lösung ungefähr 5 Gew.-% bis ungefähr 50 Gew.-%, stärker bevorzugt ungefähr 10 Gew.-% bis ungefähr 25 Gew.-%. Während des Zeitraums, über den das Saatgut mit der Lösung kombiniert ist, nimmt das Saatgut einen Teil des Wirkstoff oder der Wirkstoffkombination auf (bzw. wird damit getränkt). Gegebenenfalls kann die Mischung aus pflanzlichem Saatgut und Lösung bewegt werden, z. B. durch Schütteln, Rollen, Taumeln oder auf andere Art und Weise. Nach dem Tränken kann das Saatgut von der Lösung abgetrennt und gegebenenfalls getrocknet werden, z. B. durch Trockentupfen oder Trocknen an der Luft.Another embodiment of the present invention is soaking as a further method of treating seed with the active ingredient or combination of active ingredients. For example, vegetable seed may be combined for a period of time with a solution comprising about 1% to about 75% by weight of the active ingredient or combination of active ingredients in a solvent such as water. Preferably, the concentration of the solution is about 5 wt% to about 50 wt%, more preferably about 10 wt% to about 25 wt%. During the period during which the seed is combined with the solution, the seed absorbs (or is soaked in) part of the active ingredient or combination of active ingredients. Optionally, the mixture of vegetable seed and solution may be agitated, e.g. As by shaking, rolling, tumbling or otherwise. After soaking, the seed can be separated from the solution and optionally dried, eg. B. by dry blotting or drying the air.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann ein pulverförmiger Wirkstoff oder Wirkstoffkombination direkt mit Saatgut vermischt werden. Gegebenenfalls kann ein Klebemittel eingesetzt werden, um das Pulver an der Oberfläche des Saatguts haften zu lassen. So kann z. B. eine gewisse Menge Saatgut mit einem Klebemittel vermischt werden und gegebenenfalls bewegt werden, um eine einheitliche Beschichtung des Saatguts mit dem Klebemittel zu fördern. Das mit dem Klebemittel beschichtete Saatgut kann dann mit dem pulverförmiger Wirkstoff oder Wirkstoffkombination vermischt werden. Die Mischung kann z. B. durch Taumeln bewegt werden, um den Kontakt zwischen dem Klebemittel und dem pulverförmigen Pestizid zu fördern, was dazu führt, dass das pulverförmiger Wirkstoff oder Wirkstoffkombination an dem Saatgut kleben bleibt.In In another embodiment, a powdered Active substance or combination of active ingredients mixed directly with seed become. Optionally, an adhesive can be used to to adhere the powder to the surface of the seed. So z. B. mixed a certain amount of seed with an adhesive and, if necessary, be moved to a uniform coating of the seed with the adhesive to promote. That with the Adhesive coated seed can then be mixed with the powdered agent or drug combination are mixed. The mixture can z. B. be moved by tumbling to the contact between the adhesive and the powdered pesticide to promote what causes the powdered drug or drug combination sticks to the seed.
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt auch ein Saatgut, das mit dem obenbeschriebenen Verfahren behandelt worden ist, bereit. Das erfindungsgemäß behandelte Saatgut kann für die Vermehrung von Pflanzen wie traditionell behandeltes Saatgut eingesetzt werden. Das behandelte Saatgut kann auf gleiche Art und Weise wie irgendwelches andere mit Wirkstoff oder einer Wirkstoffkombination behandeltes Saatgut gelagert, gehandhabt, gesät und angebaut werden. Es sollten entsprechende Sicherheitsmaßnahmen getroffen werden, um den Kontakt des behandelten Saatguts mit dem Menschen, mit Nahrungs- oder Futtermitteln, mit dem Wasser und mit Vögeln und wildlebenden Tieren oder Haustieren einzuschränken.The The present invention also provides a seed which has been described above Procedure has been treated. The invention treated Seeds can be used for the propagation of plants as traditional treated seed. The treated seed can in the same way as any other drug or a combination of active ingredients stored seeded, handled, sown and grown. There should be appropriate security measures be taken to the contact of the treated seed with the People, with food or feed, with the water and with Restricting birds and wildlife or pets.
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.
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