DE102015205590A1 - Supercharged internal combustion engine with mechanical supercharger and method for operating such an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A supercharged internal combustion engine with - a crankshaft, - an intake system for supplying charge air, - a mechanical supercharger (8) which is arranged in the intake system and which has at least one arranged on a rotatable drive shaft (8a) impeller, and - a traction mechanism drive (10 ), which comprises, in addition to the traction means, a first wheel arranged on the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and a load-side second wheel (10a), wherein the second wheel (10a) is at least drive-connectable with the drive shaft (8a), characterized in that the second wheel ( 10a) by means of a planetary gear (1) with the drive shaft (8a) is at least drive-connected, - an externally toothed sun gear (4) of the planetary gear (1) rotatably on the drive shaft (8a) is arranged, - at least three externally toothed planet wheels (3) are, with the sun gear (4) and a planetary gears (3) surrounding internal gear ring (2) in A the second wheel (10a) of the traction mechanism drive (10) is at least drive-connected to the planetary gears (3) by means of a linkage (5), each planetary gear (3) being associated with a shaft (5a) of the linkage (5), on which the respective planet gear (3) is rotatably mounted, and - an electric drive (6) is provided to enable the ring gear (2) in rotation.

Description

• – einer Kurbelwelle,
• – einem Ansaugsystem zum Zuführen von Ladeluft,
• – einem mechanischen Lader, der im Ansaugsystem angeordnet ist und der über mindestens ein auf einer drehbaren Antriebswelle angeordnetes Laufrad verfügt, und
• – einem Zugmitteltrieb, der außer dem Zugmittel ein auf der Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine angeordnetes erstes Rad und ein laderseitiges zweites Rad umfasst, wobei das zweite Rad mit der Antriebswelle zumindest antriebsverbindbar ist.

The invention relates to a supercharged internal combustion engine with

• - a crankshaft,
• An intake system for supplying charge air,
• A mechanical supercharger which is arranged in the intake system and which has at least one impeller arranged on a rotatable drive shaft, and
• - A traction mechanism, which except the traction means comprises a arranged on the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine first wheel and a loader-side second wheel, wherein the second wheel is at least drive-connected to the drive shaft.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such an internal combustion engine.

An internal combustion engine of the aforementioned type describes, for example, the US 2008/0173017 A1 wherein an electric machine can drive the mechanical supercharger as an electric auxiliary drive or is used as a generator for energy recovery.

An internal combustion engine of the type mentioned is used as a motor vehicle drive. In the context of the present invention, the term internal combustion engine includes diesel engines and gasoline engines, but also hybrid internal combustion engines, which use a hybrid combustion process, and hybrid drives, which in addition to the internal combustion engine comprise an electric motor which can be electrically connected to the internal combustion engine, which receives power from the internal combustion engine or as switchable auxiliary drive additionally delivers power.

In recent years, there has been a trend toward small, supercharged engines, the supercharging being primarily a performance enhancement method that compresses the air needed for the engine combustion process, thereby providing each cylinder with greater air mass per cycle can. As a result, the fuel mass and thus the medium pressure can be increased.

The charge is a suitable means to increase the capacity of an internal combustion engine with unchanged displacement or to reduce the displacement at the same power. In any case, the charging leads to an increase in space performance and a lower power mass. If the displacement is reduced, then the load spectrum can be shifted to higher loads, where the specific fuel consumption is lower. By charging in combination with a suitable transmission design and a so-called downspeeding can be realized, in which also a lower specific fuel consumption can be achieved.

Charging thus supports the constant effort in the development of internal combustion engines to minimize fuel consumption, d. H. to improve the efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

Frequently, an exhaust gas turbocharger is used for charging, in which a compressor and a turbine are arranged on the same shaft. The hot exhaust stream is supplied to the turbine and relaxes with energy release in the turbine, causing the shaft to rotate. The energy emitted by the exhaust gas flow to the turbine and finally to the shaft is used to drive the compressor, which is also arranged on the shaft. The compressor conveys and compresses the charge air supplied to it, whereby a charging of the cylinder is achieved. Advantageously, a charge air cooler is provided downstream of the compressor in the intake system, with which the compressed charge air is cooled before entering the at least one cylinder. The radiator lowers the temperature and thus increases the density of the charge air, so that the cooler to a better filling of the cylinder, d. H. contributes to a larger air mass. There is a compaction by cooling.

The advantage of an exhaust gas turbocharger in comparison to a mechanical supercharger is that an exhaust gas turbocharger uses the exhaust gas energy of the hot exhaust gases, while a mechanical supercharger obtains the energy required for its drive directly or indirectly from the internal combustion engine. In general, a mechanical connection, such as a traction drive, for power transmission between the supercharger and the internal combustion engine is required.

The advantage of a mechanical supercharger over an exhaust gas turbocharger is that the mechanical supercharger can generally generate and provide the required boost pressure independently of the current operating state of the internal combustion engine, in particular even at low rotational speeds of the crankshaft. This applies in particular to a mechanical loader which can be driven alternatively by means of an electric machine.

In fact, according to the state of the art, it is difficult to increase the power by means of turbocharging in all engine speed ranges. It is observed a greater torque drop when falling below a certain speed. This torque drop becomes understandable when is taken into account that the boost pressure ratio depends on the turbine pressure ratio. If the engine speed is reduced, this leads to a smaller exhaust gas mass flow and thus to a smaller turbine pressure ratio, which is why the boost pressure ratio also decreases towards lower rotational speeds. This is synonymous with a torque drop.

The torque characteristic of a charged by turbocharging internal combustion engine is trying to improve the prior art by various measures.

For example, by a small design of the turbine cross-section and simultaneous Abgasabblasung. For this purpose, the turbine is equipped with a blow-off line which branches off from the exhaust-gas removal system upstream of the turbine and in which a shut-off element is arranged. Such a turbine is also referred to as a waste gate turbine. If the exhaust gas mass flow exceeds a critical size, part of the exhaust gas flow is guided past the turbine via the blow-off line as part of the so-called exhaust gas blow-off, d. H. blown off. This approach has the disadvantage that the high-energy blown exhaust gas remains unused and the charging behavior is regularly insufficient at higher speeds.

A turbine with variable turbine geometry allows a further adaptation to the respective operating point of the internal combustion engine by adjusting the turbine geometry or the effective turbine cross-section, to some extent a speed-dependent or load-dependent control of the turbine geometry can be done.

The torque characteristic of a supercharged internal combustion engine may also be represented by a plurality of turbochargers arranged in parallel, i. H. be improved by a plurality of parallel turbines of smaller turbine cross-section, with turbines are switched successively with increasing exhaust gas quantity; similar to a register charge.

The torque characteristic can also be advantageously influenced by means of a plurality of exhaust-gas turbochargers connected in series. By switching in series of two exhaust gas turbochargers, one of which is an exhaust gas turbocharger as a high pressure stage and an exhaust gas turbocharger as a low pressure stage, the compressor map can be widened in an advantageous manner, both towards smaller compressor streams as well as towards larger compressor streams.

In addition to an exhaust gas turbocharger, a mechanical supercharger can in principle also be provided. Since an exhaust gas turbocharging is expensive, in particular when using a plurality of exhaust gas turbochargers, instead of an exhaust gas turbocharging, charging by means of a mechanical supercharger can also be carried out. The advantages are those already mentioned above.

The internal combustion engine, which is the subject of the present invention, has at least one mechanical charger for charging purposes. The known from the prior art mechanical superchargers require in terms of their performance and their response even clear improvements to meet the requirements of modern internal combustion engines with smaller displacement can.

In light of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a supercharged internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1, which overcomes the disadvantages known from the prior art and which has improved charging.

A further sub-task of the present invention is to show a method for operating such an internal combustion engine.

• – einer Kurbelwelle,
• – einem Ansaugsystem zum Zuführen von Ladeluft,
• – einem mechanischen Lader, der im Ansaugsystem angeordnet ist und der über mindestens ein auf einer drehbaren Antriebswelle angeordnetes Laufrad verfügt, und
• – einem Zugmitteltrieb, der außer dem Zugmittel ein auf der Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine angeordnetes erstes Rad und ein laderseitiges zweites Rad umfasst, wobei das zweite Rad mit der Antriebswelle zumindest antriebsverbindbar ist, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass das zweite Rad mittels eines Planetengetriebes mit der Antriebswelle zumindest antriebsverbindbar ist, wobei
• – ein außenverzahntes Sonnenrad des Planetengetriebes drehfest auf der Antriebswelle angeordnet ist,
• – mindestens drei außenverzahnte Planetenräder vorgesehen sind, die sich mit dem Sonnenzahnrad und einem die Planetenräder umgebenden innenverzahnten Hohlrad in Eingriff befinden,
• – das zweite Rad des Zugmitteltriebs mittels eines Gestänges mit den Planetenrädern zumindest antriebsverbindbar ist, wobei jedem Planetenrad eine Welle des Gestänges zugeordnet ist, auf der das jeweilige Planetenrad drehbar gelagert ist, und
• – ein elektrischer Antrieb vorgesehen ist, um das Hohlrad in Drehung zu versetzen.

The first subtask is solved by a supercharged internal combustion engine

• - a crankshaft,
• An intake system for supplying charge air,
• A mechanical supercharger which is arranged in the intake system and which has at least one impeller arranged on a rotatable drive shaft, and
• - A traction mechanism, which except the traction means comprises a arranged on the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine first wheel and a loader-side second wheel, the second wheel is at least drive-connected to the drive shaft, which is characterized in that the second wheel by means of a planetary gear with the drive shaft at least drive-connectable, wherein
• An externally toothed sun gear of the planetary gear is non-rotatably mounted on the drive shaft,
• At least three externally toothed planet wheels are provided, which are in engagement with the sun gear and an internal gear ring gear surrounding the planet gears,
• - The second wheel of the traction mechanism is at least drive-connected by means of a linkage with the planetary gears, each planetary gear is associated with a shaft of the linkage, on which the respective planet gear is rotatably mounted, and
• - An electric drive is provided to enable the ring gear in rotation.

The internal combustion engine according to the invention has in the drive train of the mechanical charge between the crankshaft and the supercharger via a planetary gear for power transmission.

The planetary gear provides at standing, ie not rotating ring gear for a certain standard ratio between the crankshaft and the drive shaft, namely that the drive shaft rotates faster than the crankshaft, ie the speed n _{compressor of} the drive shaft is higher than the speed n _crankshaft the crankshaft ,

_According to the invention, the ring gear of the transmission can now be rotated using an electric drive in order to _crankshaft the gear ratio i = n _compressor / n.

Of particular importance is the enlargement of the transmission ratio i, to which the ring gear is rotated in opposite directions to the planetary gears of the transmission in rotation. This measure allows even at low engine speeds, a high speed of the supercharger shaft and thus the provision of a sufficiently high boost pressure at low engine speeds.

In addition, the transmission ratio i can preferably also be reduced by the ring gear is rotated in the same direction with the planetary gears in rotation.

If the rotational speed of the ring gear can be varied steplessly in both directions of rotation, the gear ratio i can be adjusted as required, in particular as required. The charge pressure provided by the supercharger can be advantageously achieved by means of planetary gear, d. H. be set and controlled or controlled by the rotation of the ring gear.

Another advantage of the planetary gear provided according to the invention is the short adjustment time of the transmission, which significantly improves the response of the charge. A change in the load-side boundary conditions can be reacted comparatively quickly.

With the internal combustion engine according to the invention, the first object of the invention is achieved, namely provided a supercharged internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1, with which the known from the prior art disadvantages are overcome and which has an improved charge.

Further advantageous embodiments of the internal combustion engine according to the invention are discussed in connection with the subclaims.

Embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which three externally toothed planetary gears are provided are advantageous.

Embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which a battery is provided, which supplies the electrical energy required for the electric drive, are advantageous.

Advantageous embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine, in which a locking device is provided, with which the ring gear is fixed against rotation.

A locking device ensures a constant standard ratio between the crankshaft and the drive shaft with a stationary, non-moving ring gear.

Advantageous embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine, in which the electric drive is suitable to enable the ring gear in opposite directions to the planetary gears in rotation.

By rotating the ring gear in opposite directions to the planetary gears, the transmission ratio i can be increased. In this way, the boost pressure can be increased, in particular at low engine speeds, a sufficiently high boost pressure can be provided.

If the rotational speed of the ring gear can be varied steplessly in both directions of rotation, the gear ratio i can be adjusted as required, in particular as required.

Also advantageous embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine, in which the electric drive is suitable to enable the ring gear in the same direction with the planetary gears in rotation.

Embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which the electric drive comprises at least one toothed wheel engaging the ring gear are advantageous.

Also advantageous are embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine, in which the electric drive is an electric motor comprising a stator and a rotor.

By means of electric drive, a demand-driven drive of the supercharger can be realized, whereby one is independent of the current one Operating state of the internal combustion engine, in particular the engine speed.

An electric motor also opens in a simple way the ability to force the ring gear a rotational movement in different directions of rotation. Thus, for example, by reversing the direction of the electrical current from a direction opposite to the planetary gears rotational movement can be changed to a same direction rotational movement.

In this context, embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which the ring gear forms the rotor are advantageous.

The stationary stator can be designed as a permanent magnet in a DC motor. Alternatively, a foreign excitation via an excitation coil, as in the AC motor. When current is passed through the coil, a magnetic field builds up.

Therefore, embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which the stator comprises an energizable coil for establishing a magnetic field are also advantageous.

In this context, embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which the energizable coil surrounds the ring gear serving as a rotor are advantageous.

Inside the stator, a rotor is arranged, which is rotatably arranged and supported in the magnetic field of the stator. The rotor may also have a coil with iron core serving as the armature. If the rotor is then energized, a magnetic field also builds up in the rotor, which interacts with the magnetic field of the stator so that the rotor rotates. In this way, electrical energy can be converted into kinetic energy or a movement of the rotor and thus of the supercharger shaft. The magnetic field in the rotor is fixed relative to the stator.

Thus, embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine can be advantageous, in which the ring gear comprises a bestrombare coil for establishing a magnetic field.

However, embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which the ring gear comprises at least one permanent magnet for forming a magnetic field are also advantageous. Then, however, the stator must comprise an energizable coil for building up a magnetic field.

In contrast to the previously described embodiment relating to an energizable rotor coil, which requires a clocked power supply to the rotating coil of the rotor, in the present case is a variant which requires no current reversal and thus no brushes. This type of electric motor is less complex, has a smaller footprint and is therefore suitable for applications with little space, such as the present application. Another advantage of the permanent magnet is the higher cogging torque when the electric motor is deactivated, d. H. when the stator coil is not energized, d. H. Excitation coil.

Then the non-energized stator can take over the function of a locking device and fix the ring gear against rotation.

Embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which a charge air cooler is arranged in the intake system downstream of the mechanical supercharger are advantageous. The charge air cooler lowers the air temperature and thus increases the density of the charge air, whereby the cooler to a better filling of the combustion chamber with air, d. H. contributes to a larger air mass.

Embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine having at least one exhaust gas turbocharger including a turbine disposed in the exhaust gas discharge system and a compressor disposed in the intake system, wherein the turbine and the compressor are disposed on the same rotatable shaft, are provided in internal combustion engines having an exhaust gas discharge system for discharging the exhaust gases.

If the compressor of the at least one exhaust gas turbocharger and the supercharger are arranged in series, the compressor can be arranged downstream or upstream of the mechanical supercharger in the intake system.

Among other things, embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which the compressor of the at least one exhaust-gas turbocharger is arranged downstream of the mechanical supercharger in the intake system are advantageous. In the present case, the compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger serves as a high-pressure stage, in which a shift of the surge line to smaller compressor streams is possible, so that even at low compressor flows high boost pressure ratios can be achieved and the torque characteristics in the lower speed range is significantly improved.

But can also be advantageous embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine, in which the compressor of the at least one exhaust gas turbocharger is arranged upstream of the mechanical supercharger in the intake system. Here, the mechanical supercharger serves as a high pressure stage and the compressor of the at least one exhaust gas turbocharger as a low-pressure stage, which is to be designed for large compressor flows, that is to be dimensioned accordingly.

The loader according to the invention with a stationary ring gear purely mechanically driven by the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine via traction drive and planetary gear. The electric drive is primarily used to set the ring gear in rotation and to change in this way the transmission ratio i. Nevertheless, it is possible to operate the charger purely electrically using the electric drive, thereby increasing the flexibility of charging.

Therefore, embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which a clutch for interrupting a power flow is provided between the crankshaft and the linkage are advantageous.

In this context, embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which the clutch is provided between the second wheel and the linkage are advantageous.

Embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which the clutch is an electromagnetic clutch are advantageous. An electromagnetic clutch is characterized by the fast switching times. This allows a quick closing and opening, d. H. a quick activation and deactivation of the clutch.

Embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which exhaust gas recirculation is provided are advantageous.

In this context, embodiments of the supercharged internal combustion engine in which exhaust gas recirculation is provided, which includes a line which opens into the intake system downstream of the supercharger, are advantageous.

To meet future limits for nitrogen oxide emissions, an exhaust gas recirculation is increasingly used. In this case, the exhaust gas recirculation rate x _{AGR is} determined by x _AGR = m _AGR / (m _AGR + m _{fresh air} ), where m _{AGR designates} the mass of recirculated exhaust gas and m _{fresh air} the charge air guided and compressed by the supercharger.

Embodiments in which the line for exhaust gas recirculation leads downstream of a charge air cooler into the intake system are advantageous. In this way, the exhaust gas flow is not passed through the intercooler and consequently can not pollute this radiator by deposits of pollutants contained in the exhaust stream, in particular soot particles and oil.

Embodiments in which an additional cooler is provided in the exhaust gas recirculation line are advantageous. This additional cooler lowers the temperature in the hot exhaust gas flow and thus increases the density of the exhaust gases. The temperature of the cylinder fresh charge, which occurs in the mixture of fresh air with the recirculated exhaust gases, is consequently further reduced, whereby the additional radiator contributes to a better filling of the combustion chamber with charge air.

Embodiments in which a shut-off element is provided in the line for exhaust gas recirculation are advantageous. This shut-off element is used to control the exhaust gas recirculation rate.

The second sub-task on which the invention is based, namely to disclose a method for operating a supercharged internal combustion engine of the type described above, is achieved by a method which is characterized in that the ring gear is rotated by means of the electric drive to produce the transmission ratio i = n _compressor / n _crankshaft , where n _{compressor is} the speed of the drive shaft and n _crankshaft the speed of the crankshaft.

What has already been said for the internal combustion engine according to the invention also applies to the method according to the invention, which is why at this point in general reference is made to the statements made above with regard to the internal combustion engine according to the invention. The different internal combustion engines sometimes require different process variants.

Advantageous embodiments of the method in which the ring gear is rotated by means of electric drive in opposite directions to the planetary gears in rotation in order to increase the gear ratio i.

Embodiments of the method may also be advantageous in which the ring gear is rotated in the same direction as the planetary gears by means of an electric drive in order to reduce the transmission ratio i.

In the following the invention is based on two embodiments according to the 1a and 1b described in more detail. Hereby shows:

1a schematically and in a plane rotated the planetary gear of a first embodiment of the internal combustion engine, and

1b schematically and in a plane rotated the planetary gear of a second embodiment of the internal combustion engine.

1a shows schematically and in a plane rotated the planetary gear 1 a first embodiment of the internal combustion engine.

Shown is a fragment of the drive of a mechanical supercharger 8th , which is arranged in the intake system of the internal combustion engine. The loader 8th has at least one on a rotatable drive shaft 8a arranged impeller, wherein the drive shaft 8a by means of a traction mechanism drive 10 and a planetary gear 1 is at least drive-connected with the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. The traction drive 10 comprises, in addition to the traction means and a first wheel arranged on the crankshaft, a second wheel on the loader side 10a ,

The second wheel 10a is present via planetary gear 1 with the drive shaft 8a connected. An externally toothed sun gear 4 of the planetary gear 1 is for this purpose rotatably on the drive shaft 8a arranged, with three externally toothed planetary gears 3 are provided, which are related to the sun gear 4 and one the planet gears 3 surrounding internal toothed ring gear 2 are engaged. The second wheel 10a of the traction mechanism drive 10 is by means of a linkage 5 with the planet wheels 3 Driven, each planetary gear 3 a wave 5a of the linkage 5 is assigned to the respective planetary gear 3 is rotatably mounted.

With stationary, ie not rotating ring gear 2 ensures the planetary gear 1 for a constant standard ratio between the crankshaft and the drive shaft 8a ,

In the present case is an electric drive 6 provided to the ring gear 2 to turn in rotation and the transmission ratio i = n _compressor / n _crankshaft vary, where n _compressor the speed of the drive shaft 8a and n is the rotational speed of the crankshaft referred _crankshaft.

As an electric drive 6 serves an electric motor 7 that is a stator 7b and a rotor 7a includes. The ring gear 2 is with at least one permanent magnet 9a equipped to form a magnetic field and forms the rotor 7a , A stationary stator 7b surrounds the ring gear 2 and has an energizable coil 9b to build up another magnetic field.

Will current through the coil 9b passed, a magnetic field builds up. Inside the stator 7b is the ring gear 2 rotatable in the magnetic field of the stator 7b arranged and stored. The magnetic field of the ring gear 2 interacts with the magnetic field of the stator 7b , so that the ring gear 2 rotates. In this way, the ring gear 2 rotated by electrical energy.

The permanent magnet 9a of the ring gear 2 indicates when the electric motor is deactivated 7 , ie when not energized coil 9b a high cogging torque, which the ring gear 2 fixed against twisting. An additional locking device is not required.

The ring gear 2 can by means of electric motor 7 a circulation movement are imposed in different directions of rotation. By reversing the electric current can from one to the planetary gears 3 opposite rotational movement on one with the planetary gears 3 be changed in the same direction rotary motion.

1b shows schematically and in a plane rotated the planetary gear 1 a second embodiment of the internal combustion engine. It should only the differences to the in 1a Otherwise, reference will be made to FIG 1a , The same reference numerals have been used for the same components.

Unlike the in 1a illustrated embodiment is according to 1b an electric drive 6 for the ring gear 2 provided, which is an externally toothed drive wheel 6a includes, which in this case with an external toothing of the ring gear 2 engaged.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

 planetary gear

2

 ring gear

3

 planet

4

 sun

5

 linkage

5a

 Linkage shaft of a planetary gear

6

 electric drive

6a

 externally toothed drive wheel

7

 electric motor

7a

 rotor

7b

 stator

8th

 mechanical loader

8a

 Drive shaft of the loader, loader shaft

9a

 permanent magnet

9b

 electrically energized coil

10

 traction drive

10a

 second wheel

n _crankshaft

 Speed of the crankshaft

n _compressor

 Speed of the drive shaft

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2008/0173017 A1 [0003]

Claims (20)

Supercharged internal combustion engine with - a crankshaft, - an intake system for supplying charge air, - a mechanical supercharger ( 8th ), which is arranged in the intake system and via at least one on a rotatable drive shaft ( 8a ) arranged impeller, and - a traction drive ( 10 ), which except the traction means arranged on the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine first wheel and a loader-side second wheel ( 10a ), wherein the second wheel ( 10a ) with the drive shaft ( 8a ) is at least drive-connectable, characterized in that the second wheel ( 10a ) by means of a planetary gear ( 1 ) with the drive shaft ( 8a ) is at least drive-connectable, wherein - an externally toothed sun gear ( 4 ) of the planetary gear ( 1 ) rotatably on the drive shaft ( 8a ), - at least three externally toothed planet wheels ( 3 ) provided with the sun gear ( 4 ) and one the planet gears ( 3 ) surrounding internal gear ( 2 ), - the second wheel ( 10a ) of the traction mechanism drive ( 10 ) by means of a linkage ( 5 ) with the planetary gears ( 3 ) is at least drive-connectable, each planetary gear ( 3 ) a wave ( 5a ) of the linkage ( 5 ) is assigned, on which the respective planetary gear ( 3 ) is rotatably mounted, and - an electric drive ( 6 ) is provided to the ring gear ( 2 ) to turn. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that three externally toothed planet gears ( 3 ) are provided. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a battery is provided, which for the electric drive ( 6 ) provides required electrical energy. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a locking device is provided, with which the ring gear ( 2 ) is fixable against rotation. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric drive ( 6 ) is suitable, the ring gear ( 2 ) in opposite directions to the planetary gears ( 3 ) to turn. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric drive ( 6 ) is suitable, the ring gear ( 2 ) in the same direction with the planetary gears ( 3 ) to turn. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric drive ( 6 ) at least one gear ( 6a ), which is connected to the ring gear ( 2 ) is engaged. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electric drive ( 6 ) an electric motor ( 7 ), which is a stator ( 7b ) and a rotor ( 7a ). Supercharged internal combustion engine according to claim 8, characterized in that the ring gear ( 2 ) the rotor ( 7a ). Supercharged internal combustion engine according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the stator ( 7b ) an energizable coil ( 9b ) to build up a magnetic field. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to claim 10, characterized in that the energizable coil ( 9b ) as a rotor ( 7a ) serving ring gear ( 2 ) surrounds. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the ring gear ( 2 ) comprises an energizable coil for establishing a magnetic field. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the ring gear ( 2 ) at least one permanent magnet ( 9a ) for forming a magnetic field. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that downstream of the mechanical supercharger ( 8th ) An intercooler is arranged in the intake system. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims with a Abgasabführsystem for discharging the exhaust gases, characterized in that at least one exhaust gas turbocharger is provided, which comprises a Abgasabführsystem arranged in the turbine and a compressor arranged in the intake system, wherein the turbine and the compressor arranged on the same rotatable shaft are. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the crankshaft and the Linkage ( 5 ) A clutch for interrupting a power flow is provided. Supercharged internal combustion engine according to claim 16, characterized in that the coupling between the second wheel ( 10a ) and the linkage ( 5 ) is provided. Method for operating a supercharged internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ring gear ( 2 ) by means of the electric drive ( 6 ) in order to _crankshaft the gear ratio i = n _compressor / n, where n _compressor the rotational speed of the drive shaft ( 8a ) and crankshaft n _denotes the speed of the crankshaft. Method according to claim 18, characterized in that the ring gear ( 2 ) by means of electric drive ( 6 ) in opposite directions to the planetary gears ( 3 ) is rotated to increase the gear ratio i. Method according to claim 18, characterized in that the ring gear ( 2 ) by means of electric drive ( 6 ) in the same direction with the planetary gears ( 3 ) is rotated to reduce the gear ratio i.

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