DE102017219005A1 - Method and control unit for increasing the safety of a vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

A control unit for a vehicle with a fuel consumer is described. The control unit is configured to determine that the vehicle is in a closed space. Further, the control unit is configured to responsively cause at least one action to be taken to reduce an amount of gas due to the fuel discharged from the vehicle or to prevent the discharge of that gas.

Description

The invention relates to a method and a corresponding control unit with which the safety of a vehicle, in particular of a fuel-consuming vehicle, can be increased.

A vehicle, especially a road vehicle, is often powered by a fuel. For example, a vehicle may include an internal combustion engine that may be operated with a fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel, natural gas, or hydrogen) to power the vehicle. Further, a vehicle may include a fuel cell that may be operated with a fuel (e.g., natural gas or hydrogen) to generate electrical energy for an electric drive engine. A vehicle can thus use a fuel as an energy source for driving the vehicle. The fuel can be stored in a fuel tank of the vehicle.

Due to the fuel of a vehicle, gases may be generated. For example, in the operation of a fuel consumer of the vehicle, e.g. an internal combustion engine or a fuel cell, gases are produced. These gases may affect the safety of the vehicle if necessary. In particular, the gases can lead to impairment of a user of the vehicle.

The present document addresses the technical problem of increasing the safety of a vehicle with a fuel consumer in an efficient and reliable manner.

The object is solved by the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are described i.a. in the dependent claims. It should be noted that additional features of a claim dependent on an independent claim without the features of the independent claim or only in combination with a subset of the features of the independent claim may form a separate invention independent of the combination of all features of the independent claim, the subject of an independent claim, a divisional application or a subsequent application. This applies equally to technical teachings described in the specification, which may form an independent invention of the features of the independent claims.

According to one aspect, a control unit for a vehicle (in particular for a road motor vehicle) with a fuel consumer is described. The fuel consumer may comprise an internal combustion engine and / or a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack. The fuel may include, for example, diesel, gasoline, natural gas and / or (pure) hydrogen (H ₂ ). The vehicle typically includes a fuel tank to store fuel for operation of the fuel consumer.

The control unit may be configured to determine that the vehicle is in a closed space. The closed space can be a single garage or an underground car park. In particular, the closed space may be such that the closed space has a reduced air circulation or a reduced air exchange compared to the open air.

The vehicle may include one or more sensors configured to acquire sensor data relating to a direct environment of the vehicle and / or with respect to a condition of the vehicle. The one or more sensor data may include at least one proximity sensor (e.g., an ultrasonic sensor, a radar sensor, an infrared sensor, a lidar sensor), at least one image sensor, at least one positioning sensor, at least one brightness sensor, at least one air sensor, etc. The control unit may be configured to determine (possibly alone) based on the sensor data whether the vehicle is in a closed room or not.

For example, the control unit may be configured to recognize that an obstacle (e.g., a wall) is located on the first side of the vehicle based on the sensor data of a proximity sensor on a first side of the vehicle (e.g., on a front of the vehicle). Furthermore, the control unit may be configured to recognize on the basis of the sensor data of a distance sensor on a second side of the vehicle (eg on the rear side of the vehicle) that an obstacle (eg a garage door) is on the vehicle from the second side of the vehicle too moved. The second side is typically the side of the vehicle opposite the first side. The approach of the obstacle from the second side may be recognized at a later time than the obstacle on the first side. Furthermore, it can be detected via a movement or speed sensor of the vehicle that the vehicle is not moving. It can then be reliably determined that the vehicle is in a closed space (such as a single garage).

In general, the control unit may be configured to determine one or more indications on the basis of the sensor data that the vehicle is located in a closed room. It can then On the basis of one or more indications, it is determined whether the vehicle is in a closed room or not. In particular, multiple indicia may be combined to reliably determine that the vehicle is in a closed room.

Exemplary indications that the vehicle is located in a closed room: the sensor data of the positioning sensor of the vehicle indicates that the vehicle is at or near the position of a garage (e.g., noted on a digital map); the sensor data of the positioning sensor of the vehicle have a reduced quality (in particular, the positioning sensor may have a reduced reception quality); the sensor data of the brightness sensor of the vehicle indicate a reduced brightness; the sensor data of a motion sensor indicates that the vehicle is not moving; the sensor data of an air sensor indicate a change in the composition of the ambient air of the vehicle; and / or the sensor data of a distance sensor of the vehicle indicate a limited distance of the vehicle (e.g., 2m or less) to an obstacle in front of, laterally, behind, and / or above the vehicle.

The consideration of an index in determining that the vehicle is in a closed room may depend on the particular application. For example, for a safety-relevant function, an indication of the received signal of a positioning sensor (in particular with respect to a GPS signal) due to the possibility of failure of a GPS signal (the GPS signal is outside the sphere of influence of the vehicle sensor system) may not be sufficient to determine that the vehicle is located in a closed room.

The control unit may be further configured to learn to recognize one or more closed rooms repeatedly approached by the vehicle. For example, the control unit may use a machine-learning algorithm to learn a pattern for a repeatedly approached closed space based on the sensor data. If, at a later time, the learned pattern is detected on the basis of the sensor data, it can be concluded that the vehicle is in the repeatedly approached closed space. Thus, a closed space can be detected in a particularly reliable manner.

The control unit is further configured to, in response to determining that the vehicle is in a closed space, arrange for at least one action to be taken to reduce the amount of fuel attributable gas discharged from the vehicle is ejected or to avoid the discharge of this gas (by the vehicle). Possibly. For example, the emission of a gas due to the fuel by the vehicle can be completely avoided.

For example, the amount of exhaust gas of the fuel consumer and / or the amount of fuel leaving the fuel consumer can be reduced. Possibly. For example, the emission of an exhaust gas of the fuel consumer and / or the discharge of fuel from the fuel consumer can be avoided (entirely). Thereby, by the at least one measure, the amount of exhausted gas is reduced compared to the amount of exhausted gas in the standard operation mode, the vehicle being operated in the standard operation mode when it is determined that the vehicle is not in a closed space located.

Carrying out a gas emission-reducing and / or gas-emission-avoiding measure can reliably ensure that even in a closed space the concentration of a gas expelled from the vehicle remains below a predefined concentration threshold value. Thus, the safety of a fuel consumer vehicle can be increased.

The fuel can be stored in a fuel tank of the vehicle. In this case, the fuel can be stored in a liquid and / or in a gaseous state. The gas due to the fuel may e.g. include gaseous fuel exiting the fuel tank or gaseous fuel exiting the fuel tank. The gas to be returned to the fuel may thus be gaseous fuel or contain gaseous fuel. Alternatively or additionally, the gas due to the fuel may be produced during the combustion of fuel and / or during the processing of fuel in the fuel consumer (e.g., as exhaust gas).

The fuel consumer may be configured to provide energy for propulsion of the vehicle based on the fuel. For example, a crankshaft for driving the vehicle can be driven directly by the fuel consumer. Alternatively or additionally, by the fuel consumers electrical energy for an electric drive machine (and possibly for other consumers of the vehicle, such as an air conditioner, a heater, etc.) are generated. The at least one measure for reducing the amount of discharged gases and / or for preventing gas discharge may include automatically suppressing an operation start of the fuel consumer. For example, so long as a start of operation of the fuel consumer can be suppressed or limited in time, as long as it is determined that the vehicle is in a closed space and / or until a user of the vehicle gives a separate start command that the fuel consumer should also be started, even though the vehicle is in a closed room.

Alternatively or additionally, the measure to reduce the amount of exhausted gases and / or to prevent gas emissions may include automatically stopping the operation of the fuel consumer after a predefined period of time has elapsed (e.g., after 10s, 5s, or less). The time duration can be measured from the time at which (for the time being) it is determined that the vehicle is in a closed space. Thus, the amount of discharged gases can be reliably reduced and / or the discharge of gases can be avoided.

The fuel consumer may be part of a heater of the vehicle. The at least one measure may then include suppressing a start of operation of the auxiliary heater. Thus, the amount of discharged gases can be reliably reduced and / or the discharge of gases can be avoided.

The fuel consumer may comprise a fuel cell or a fuel cell stack. The fuel cell can be operated with (possibly pure) hydrogen (H ₂ ). The at least one measure may then include suppressing and / or adjusting a function in which hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell. In particular, a frost start preparation of the fuel cell, a purge of the fuel cell, and / or a diagnostic function for diagnosing the fuel cell can be suppressed and / or adjusted. Thus, the safety of a fuel cell-based vehicle can be increased.

The control unit may be configured to determine volume information relating to a volume of the closed space. For example, by distance sensors of the vehicle, the distance of the vehicle to the walls of the closed space can be determined. Furthermore, if necessary, the distance to a ceiling of the closed space can be determined by a distance sensor of the vehicle. Based on the distances, volume information relating to the volume or volume of the closed space can then be determined.

The at least one measure for reducing the amount of emitted gases and / or for avoiding gas ejection can then be adapted as a function of the volume information. For example, the period of time for automatically stopping the fuel consumer may be adjusted depending on the volume information. In particular, the smaller the volume of the closed space, the more the amount of discharged gases (compared to the standard operating mode) can be reduced. For example, the one or more measures for reducing the amount of exhausted gases may be performed in accordance with the volume information so as to minimize the deviation of the operation of the vehicle from the standard operation mode and the concentration of the exhausted gases the closed room does not exceed a concentration threshold. Thus, the safety of a vehicle can be increased with maximum comfort.

In another aspect, a method for increasing the safety of a vehicle with a fuel consumer is described. The method may be performed by a control unit of the vehicle. The method includes determining that the vehicle is in a closed space. In addition, in response, the method includes performing at least one measure to reduce an amount of fuel-borne gas expelled from the vehicle or to avoid expulsion of that gas.

In another aspect, a road vehicle (particularly a passenger car or a truck or a motorcycle or a bus) is described that includes the control unit described in this document.

In another aspect, a software (SW) program is described. The SW program may be set up to be executed on a processor (e.g., on a controller of a vehicle) and thereby perform the method described in this document.

In another aspect, a storage medium is described. The storage medium may include a SW program that is set up to run on a processor and thereby perform the method described in this document.

It should be understood that the methods, devices and systems described herein may be used alone as well as in combination with other methods, devices and systems described in this document. Furthermore, any aspects of the methods, devices, and systems described herein may be combined in a variety of ways. In particular, the features of the claims can be combined in a variety of ways.

• 1 beispielhafte Komponenten eines Fahrzeugs;
• 2 ein in einer Garage geparktes Fahrzeug; und
• 3 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines beispielhaften Verfahrens zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit eines Fahrzeugs mit einem Brennstoff-Verbraucher.

Furthermore, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments. Show

• 1 exemplary components of a vehicle;
• 2 a vehicle parked in a garage; and
• 3 a flowchart of an exemplary method for increasing the safety of a vehicle with a fuel consumer.

As set forth above, the present document addresses the technical problem of increasing the safety of a fuel consumer vehicle in an efficient and reliable manner. In this context shows 1 a block diagram of a vehicle 100 , The vehicle 100 includes a fuel consumer 103 which is set one in a fuel tank of the vehicle 100 stored fuel (eg, gasoline, diesel, natural gas, hydrogen, etc.) to consume energy for a function of the vehicle 100 provide. In particular, by the fuel consumer 103 Drive energy for driving the vehicle 100 to be provided. For example, the fuel consumer 103 an internal combustion engine that at least partially burns the fuel to provide kinetic energy for driving the vehicle 100 to create. Alternatively or additionally, the fuel consumer 103 a fuel cell, based on the fuel electrical energy for the operation (in particular for the drive) of the vehicle 100 generated.

Due to the fuel can gas from the vehicle 100 be ejected. For example, gaseous fuel from the fuel tank of the vehicle 100 and / or from the fuel consumer 103 escape. Furthermore, in the operation of the fuel consumer 103 Gases (especially exhaust gases) are produced and via an exhaust system of the vehicle 100 be ejected. The one of a vehicle 100 Expelled gases may possibly increase the safety of the vehicle 100 and / or a user of the vehicle 100 affect. This may be the case in particular when the vehicle is moving 100 in a closed room, especially in a garage. The security risk may depend on the size or the volume of the enclosed space. In particular, the security risk may be higher in a relatively small space than in a relatively large space, since the concentration of the ejected gases is greater in a relatively small space than in a relatively large space.

In an internal combustion engine 103 Exhaust gases can lead to adverse effects on a relatively small garages user, for example, if the internal combustion engine 103 after the entrance of the vehicle 100 in the garage not by the user of the vehicle 100 is turned off, or eg if in a hybrid vehicle 100 after an electrical entrance into a garage the internal combustion engine is automatically restarted, because the user of the vehicle 100 the drive of the vehicle 100 did not turn off. Furthermore, by the operation of a heater, by means of a fuel consumer 103 of the vehicle 100 operated, exhaust gases are generated within a garage. In a vehicle 100 With a gas tank for storing a fuel, gas leakage from the gas tank can result in accumulation of gaseous fuel within a garage and thus a safety hazard.

• • ein Geschwindigkeitssensor zur Ermittlung einer Fahrgeschwindigkeit des Fahrzeugs 100;
• • ein Beschleunigungssensor zur Ermittlung einer Beschleunigung des Fahrzeugs 100; und/oder
• • ein Positionssensor (z.B. ein GPS Empfänger) zur Ermittlung von Positionsinformation (z.B. von GPS Koordinaten) bezüglich einer aktuellen Position des Fahrzeugs 100.

A vehicle 100 typically includes a variety of sensors 102 , The variety of sensors 102 may include one or more vehicle sensors and / or one or more environmental sensors. Exemplary vehicle sensors are:

• • a speed sensor for determining a driving speed of the vehicle 100 ;
• • an acceleration sensor to determine an acceleration of the vehicle 100 ; and or
• A position sensor (eg a GPS receiver) for determining position information (eg GPS coordinates) regarding a current position of the vehicle 100 ,

• • eine Bildkamera zur Erfassung von Bilddaten in Bezug auf ein direktes Umfeld des Fahrzeugs 100;
• • ein Ultraschallsensor, ein Infrarotsensor, ein Radarsensor und/oder ein Lidar-Sensor zur Ermittlung von Abständen zu ein oder mehreren Objekten in der Umgebung des Fahrzeugs 100;
• • ein Regensensor zur Ermittlung von Niederschlag in der Umgebung des Fahrzeugs 100; und/oder
• • ein Licht- bzw. Helligkeitssensor zur Ermittlung einer Belichtungssituation in der Umgebung des Fahrzeugs 100.

Exemplary environmental sensors are:

• • An image camera for acquiring image data relating to a direct environment of the vehicle 100 ;
• An ultrasonic sensor, an infrared sensor, a radar sensor and / or a lidar sensor for determining distances to one or more objects in the vicinity of the vehicle 100 ;
• • a rain sensor to detect precipitation around the vehicle 100 ; and or
• • a light or brightness sensor to determine an exposure situation in the surroundings of the vehicle 100 ,

The vehicle 100 includes a control unit 101 , which is set up based on the sensor data of the one or more sensors 102 of the vehicle 100 to determine if the vehicle is 100 in a closed room, especially in a garage, or not. Furthermore, the control unit 101 established one or more (safety) measures relating to the gas emissions of the vehicle 100 perform if it is determined that the vehicle 100 located in a closed room.

2 shows one in a closed room 200 parked vehicle 100 , Based on the sensor data of one or more sensors 102 of the vehicle can be determined, for example, that the vehicle 100 completely surrounded by walls. Furthermore, based on the sensor data, if necessary, the distances 201 . 202 . 203 of the vehicle 100 to the different walls of the closed space 200 , in particular the garage, are determined. In particular, the distances 201 in a first direction (eg in the longitudinal direction), the distances 202 in a second direction (eg in the transverse direction) and the distances 304 in a third direction (eg in height direction) are determined. From the distances 201 . 202 . 203 along the three different spatial directions (eg in x, y, and z direction) can then be determined, the volume or the size or the volume of the closed space.

Through a suitable interpretation of one or more sensors 102 of a vehicle 100 , such as infrared and / or radar sensors front / rear / side or up, a brightness sensor, a position sensor (position / signal strength), can thus be determined whether the vehicle 100 in a garage 200 or not. Furthermore, it can be determined whether the vehicle 100 in a garage 200 whose volume is less than or equal to a volume threshold.

If the side and the front distance sensor 102 each at a relatively short distance 201 . 202 (Eg below 2m) detect obstacles, it can be concluded that it is the parking space of the vehicle 100 to act on a (possibly normal parking space). Although the rear distance sensor 102 detects a relatively close obstacle, this obstacle can be interpreted as closing a garage door. So it can be concluded that the vehicle 100 in a garage 200 was turned off.

Additional security in the interpretation of the sensor data may, for example, the weakening and / or demolition of a position signal (in particular a GPS signal) allow. Furthermore, a distance sensor 102 used to detect a ceiling and possibly determine the ceiling height. Furthermore, depending on the time of day, sensor data from a brightness sensor may also be used to determine if a vehicle is in danger 100 in a garage 200 or not. The evaluation of a position signal of a positioning sensor 102 is particularly advantageous in the detection of relatively large parking garages (eg in multi-family houses) advantageous because in a parking or underground car park is typically a significant weakening of the position signal.

The control unit 101 may be configured to use a machine-learned classifier (eg, a neural network) that is established based on the sensor data from one or more sensors 102 of the vehicle 100 to determine if the vehicle is 100 in a closed room 200 or not. In particular, the control unit 101 be taught by machine-learning method, one or more regularly used closed rooms 200 , especially garages to recognize.

• • das Unterbinden der Aktivierung einer (Brennstoff-betriebenen) Standheizung des Fahrzeugs 100;
• • das Unterbinden eines automatischen Starts des Brennstoff-Verbrauchers 103 (insbesondere eines Verbrennungsmotors) des Fahrzeugs 100;
• • ein automatisches Deaktivieren des Brennstoff-Verbrauchers 103 nach Ablauf einer vordefinierten Maximal-Zeitdauer nach Einfahrt in den geschlossenen Raum 200; und/oder
• • das Unterbinden einer Funktion einer Brennstoffzelle 103 des Fahrzeugs 100, durch die ein erhöhter Ausstoß von Wasserstoff (H₂) bewirkt wird, wie z.B. eine Froststartvorbereitung, eine Purgefunktion und/oder eine Diagnosefunktion zur Überprüfung der Brennstoffzelle 103.

If the driveway in a closed garage 200 or in a larger underground car park 200 may have detected one or more special (safety and / or comfort) measures for a garage 200 be initiated. In particular, one or more measures can be initiated by which the probability of the emission of gases and / or the amount of emitted gases of the vehicle 100 can be reduced. Exemplary measures are:

• • Preventing the activation of a (fuel-powered) auxiliary heating of the vehicle 100 ;
• • stopping an automatic start of the fuel consumer 103 (In particular, an internal combustion engine) of the vehicle 100 ;
• • an automatic deactivation of the fuel consumer 103 After expiration of a predefined maximum period of time after entering the closed room 200 ; and or
• • inhibiting a function of a fuel cell 103 of the vehicle 100 by which an increased output of hydrogen (H ₂ ) is effected, such as a frost start preparation, a purge function and / or a diagnostic function for checking the fuel cell 103 ,

The one or more actions taken may depend on the size or volume of the enclosed space 200 depend. For example, the maximum period of time for the operation of an internal combustion engine 103 from the volume of the closed space 200 depend, and typically be increased with increasing volume. Possibly. can vary depending on the volume of the enclosed space 200 certain gas emissions relevant functions of the vehicle 100 admitted or prevented. So can reliably and efficiently the safety of a vehicle 100 with a fuel consumer 103 increase.

3 shows a flowchart of an exemplary method 300 to increase the safety of a vehicle 100 with a fuel consumer 103 , The fuel consumer 103 is typically configured based on a fuel energy for the operation of the vehicle 100 provide. In particular, by the fuel consumer 103 thermal, mechanical and / or electrical energy are provided.

The procedure 300 includes determining 301 that the vehicle is 100 in a closed room 200 located. In particular, based on the sensor data of one or more sensors 102 of the vehicle 100 determine if the vehicle is 100 in a closed room 200 (about in a garage) or not. If it is determined that the vehicle 100 not in a closed room 200 located, so can the vehicle 100 operate in a standard operating mode.

On the other hand, the process includes 300 in response to determining that the vehicle is 100 in a closed room 200 is performing 302 at least one measure to reduce an amount of gas attributable to the fuel coming from the vehicle 100 (eg the amount of gases expelled per unit of time). At this time, the amount of discharged gases can be reduced particularly in comparison with the amount of discharged gases in the standard operation mode. The measure may be designed to reduce the amount of exhaust gases of the fuel consumer and / or the amount of leaking fuel. Thus, even in a closed space, a limited concentration of expelled gases can be ensured, so that the safety of the vehicle is increased.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown. In particular, it should be noted that the description and figures are intended to illustrate only the principle of the proposed methods, apparatus and systems.

Claims (12)

Control unit (101) for a vehicle (100) with a fuel consumer (103); wherein the control unit (101) is set up, to determine that the vehicle (100) is in a closed space (200); and in response to causing at least one action to be taken to reduce an amount of gas due to the fuel being expelled from the vehicle (100) or to avoid the expulsion of that gas. Control unit (101) according to Claim 1 wherein: - the vehicle (100) is operating in a standard mode of operation when it has been determined that the vehicle (100) is not in an attached room (200); and - the at least one measure reduces the amount of gas discharged compared to the amount of gas discharged in the standard operating mode. Control unit (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the fuel consumer (103) is arranged to provide energy for a drive of the vehicle (100) based on the fuel; and - which includes at least one measure: - automatically suppressing an operation start of the fuel consumer (103); and or - Automatically stop the operation of the fuel consumer (103) after a predefined period of time. Control unit (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - The fuel consumer (103) is part of a parking heater of the vehicle (100); and - The at least one measure comprises suppressing a start of operation of the auxiliary heater. Control unit (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the fuel consumer (103) comprises a fuel cell; and - comprising at least one measure: - suppressing and / or adjusting a function in which hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell; Suppressing and / or adjusting a frost start preparation of the fuel cell; - suppressing and / or adjusting a purge of the fuel cell; and / or - suppressing and / or adjusting a diagnostic function of the fuel cell. Control unit (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control unit (101) is set up, - Determine volume information with respect to a volume of the closed space (200); and - To adjust the at least one measure depending on the volume information. Control unit (101) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein - the vehicle (100) comprises one or more sensors (102) configured to detect sensor data relating to a direct environment of the vehicle (100) and / or with respect to a state of the vehicle (100); and - The control unit (101) is arranged to determine based on the sensor data, whether the vehicle (100) is in a closed space (200). Control unit (101) according to Claim 7 wherein the control unit (101) is arranged to - detect, on the basis of the sensor data of a distance sensor (100) on a first side of the vehicle (100), that an obstacle is located on the first side of the vehicle (100); detecting, based on the sensor data of a distance sensor (100) on a second side of the vehicle (100), that an obstacle is moving toward the vehicle (100) from the second side of the vehicle (100); and - determine in response to the vehicle (100) being in a closed space (200). Control unit (101) according to one of Claims 7 to 8th ; wherein the control unit (101) is arranged to: - determine, on the basis of the sensor data, one or more indications that the vehicle (100) is located in a closed space (200); and - determine whether or not the vehicle (100) is in a closed space (200) based on the one or more indicia. Control unit (101) according to Claim 9 wherein the one or more indicia include, - the sensor data of a positioning sensor (102) of the vehicle (100) indicates that the vehicle (100) is at or near the location of a garage; - The sensor data of the positioning sensor (102) of the vehicle (100) have a reduced quality; the sensor data of a brightness sensor (102) of the vehicle (100) indicate a reduced brightness; the sensor data of an air sensor (102) indicate a change in composition of an ambient air of the vehicle (100); the sensor data of a motion sensor indicate that the vehicle (100) is not moving; and / or the sensor data of a distance sensor (102) of the vehicle (100) show a limited distance (201, 202, 203) of the vehicle (100) to an obstacle arranged in front, laterally, behind and / or above the vehicle (100) on. Control unit (101) according to one of Claims 7 to 10 wherein the control unit (101) is arranged to learn to recognize one or more closed spaces (200) which are repeatedly approached by the vehicle (100). A method (300) for increasing the safety of a vehicle (100) with a fuel consumer (103); the method (300) comprising - determining (301) that the vehicle (100) is in a closed space (200); and in response, performing (302) at least one measure to reduce an amount of gas due to the fuel being exhausted from the vehicle (100) or to avoid ejection of that gas.

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